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brothers who had lived in the area during the early 19th century, and "The
Community" referring to the Northampton Association of Education and Industry from 1842 through 1846. In 1848, the village took on the name Bensonville after George W. Benson and the Bensonville Manufacturing Company. After Benson's company went bankrupt in 1849, the village adopted the name Greenville after Greenville Manufacturing Company.
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moved to
Florence in 1841 to be one of the founders of the NAEI. Born in Smithfield, Rhode Island to Quaker parents, Hill had trained as a carpenter and was the superintendent of a cotton textile factory in Willimantic, Connecticut. A member of the anti-slavery movement, Hill's home at 31-35 Maple
262:
in New York, moved to
Florence in 1843 to become a member of the NAEI community. After the community dissolved in 1846, she bought a house on Park Street where she lived until 1857. In Florence, Truth gave her first public lecture and developed her craft as a public speaker. She met Olive Gilbert
182:
The
Florence area was known as "Broughton's Meadow" referring to John Broughton, an English settler who purchased land in 1657 that included what is now Northampton and Florence. Broughton's Meadow was used to describe the area until 1846. Other names included "Warner School District" after three
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and was also a partner in other local factories. Hill and others founded the Free
Congregational Society in 1863 and supported the construction of Cosmian Hall. A supporter of education, Hill organized the Florence Kindergarten in 1876. Upon his death in 1882, he left an endowment to support the
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and others arranged for him to join the NAEI community. As a member of the community, he sought out hydropathic treatments for his ailments under Dr. Robert
Wesselhoeft in Cambridge. Ruggles began practicing hydropathy himself, and in 1845 he established a water cure hospital on the Mill River.
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was an
African American abolitionist, journalist, business owner, and a practitioner of hydropathy. He was one of the founders of the New York Committee of Vigilance, an organization dedicated to protecting the rights and safety of African Americans in the 1830s. By the early 1840s, Ruggles was
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is a 150-acre municipal park that is open year-round. Look Park is the largest park in
Florence and greater Northampton, with a small water park, tennis courts, several play structures, paddle boats, a miniature golf course, a 1-mile loop miniature train, as well as covered picnic areas and
1040:"Hydriatics, or, Manual of the water cure : especially as practised by Vincent Priessnitz in Graefenberg / compiled and translated from the writings of Charles Munde, Dr. Oertel, Dr. Bernhard Hirschel, and other eye-witnesses and practitioners by Francis Graeter"
278:
struggling due to falling out with the New York
Committee of Vigilance, the death of his father, protests in New England over segregated seating on trains, and his overall declining health rendered him almost blind. On learning of his health and financial struggles,
231:, temperance, manufacturing, and education. Members of NAEI believed that the rights of all should be "equal without distinction of sex, color or condition, sect or religion." The association was 1 of 3 utopian groups founded in Massachusetts before the Civil War.
211:. Whitmarsh's company, the Northampton Silk Company, began manufacturing silk thread in 1837. Due to economic recession and losing critical investors, Whitmarsh sold this business which was later purchased by the
186:
In preparation for creating a post office, the village came together in the fall of 1852 to select a new name. The name "Florence" was suggested by Dr. Charles Munde, and this name was approved by residents.
302:
Florence residents Samuel L. Hill, David
Ruggles, Seth Hunt, Austin Ross, A.P. Critchlow, and Elisha Hammond have been identified as part of the Underground Railroad network working to free the enslaved.
170:
Before the arrival of European settlers, the area of Florence and Northampton was called Nonotuck, meaning either "middle of the river" or "far away land." Nonotuck was a settlement in the
271:
and Frederick Douglass's slave narrative. Truth published her narrative in 1850 on credit with the same publisher. A memorial statue was erected in her honor in Florence in 2002.
1272:
Gaffney, Paul (2004). "Coloring Utopia: The African American Presence in the Northampton Association of Education and Industry". In Christopher Clark; Kerry W. Buckley (eds.).
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Samuel Whitmarsh moved to Northampton in 1829 and was convinced that silk production would be a promising business venture. He planted 25 acres (10 ha) of
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Factory villages along the Mill River were producing cotton goods, silk, wool, thread, buttons, wood items for domestic use, furniture, and leather by 1840.
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Many areas of Florence have undergone renovations in the recent past, with former factories now playing host to art studios and small retail stores.
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The David Ruggles Center for History and Education works to document anti-slavery and abolitionist history in the Connecticut River Valley.
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The history of Florence, Massachusetts : Including a Complete Account of the Northampton Association of Education and Industry
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Northampton Association of Education and Industry (NAEI) was founded in 1842. This utopian community drew upon the principles of
153:, United States. During the 19th century, Florence was a thriving manufacturing village shaped by progressive ideas on religion,
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The History of Florence, Massachusetts: Including a complete account of the Northampton Association of Education and Industry
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The History of Florence, Massachusetts: Including a Complete Account of the Northampton Association of Education and Industry
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The History of Florence, Massachusetts: Including a Complete Account of the Northampton Association of Education and Industry
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in 1849, Munde picked up where Ruggles left off and opened the Florence Water Cure, also called the Munde Water Cure.
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opened in 1941 and is a popular landmark on the National Register of Historic Places. Coopers Corner opened in 1938.
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The Sojourner Truth Memorial Statue designed by Thomas Jay Warren at 121 Pine Street was completed in 2002.
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884:"Demonstrating Racial Diversity within Community: The Northampton Association of Education and Industry"
833:"Demonstrating Racial Diversity within Community: The Northampton Association of Education and Industry"
649:"Demonstrating Racial Diversity within Community: The Northampton Association of Education and Industry"
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Bruchac, Margeret (2004). "Native Presence in Nonotuck and Northampton.". In Buckley, Kerry W. (ed.).
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David Ruggles : A Radical Black Abolitionist and the Underground Railroad in New York City
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Letters from an American Utopia: The Stetson Family and the Northampton Association, 1843-1847
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The Northampton Bikeway is a 2.5 mile multi-use trail from downtown Northampton to Florence,
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Fourierist Communities of Reform: The Social Networks of Nineteenth-Century Female Reformers
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726:. Kathleen A. Laughlin, Jacqueline L. Castledine. New York: Routledge. 2011. p. 193.
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Charles Munde emigrated from Germany. He became familiar with the water cure methods of
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A Place Called Paradise: Culture and Community in Northampton, Massachusetts, 1654-2004
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267:. NAEI introduced Truth to William Lloyd Garrison who connected her to the printer of
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Devil's Den to Lickingwater : The Mill River Through Landscape & History
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566:"Obituary of Dr Erich Munde, son of Florence, Mass., founder, Dr Charles Munde"
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The Communitarian Moment: The Radical Challenge of the Northampton Association
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Breaking the Wave : Women, Their Organizations, and Feminism, 1945-1985
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1651:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
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247:. After the NAEI dissolved, Hill took over the factory and ran it as the
394: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1278:. Amherst, Mass: University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 239–278.
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Northampton, the meadow city; over two hundred and fifty illustrations
1018:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 155–197.
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comic books, was based out of a renovated factory space in Florence.
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in the 19th century under the ownership of abolitionist Austin Ross.
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1003:. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 33–59.
999:
Laurie, Bruce (2014). "David Ruggles: Blind Man with a Vision".
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Rebels in Paradise : Sketches of Northampton Abolitionists
1014:
Hodges, Graham Russell (2010). "Abolitionist and Physician".
478:
Lilly Library was built in 1889 with funding from A.T. Lilly.
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1192:
655:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 71–106,
839:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 71–72,
554:. Florence Civic & Business Association. pp. xii.
975:"Nov. 20, 1835: New York Committee of Vigilance Founded"
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Places of the Underground Railroad: A Geographical Guide
219:
Northampton Association of Education and Industry (NAEI)
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is a village in the northwestern portion of the city of
890:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, p. 95,
798:. Syracuse, N.Y.: W. B. Gay & Co. pp. 354–355.
1257:. Northampton, Mass.: F. N. Kneeland and L. P. Bryant.
1229:"Memorial Statue | Sojourner Truth Memorial Committee"
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Florence was the filming location for the 1999 movie,
1149:. Craig P. Della Penna. Charleston, South Carolina.
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kindergarten which later became the Hill Institute.
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283:Ruggles died in Florence in 1849 at the age of 39.
1306:. Florence, Massachusetts: Published by the editor
1079:Marsh, Joseph (1895). "The Underground Railway".
702:. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 18.
213:Northampton Association of Education and Industry
1682:
1207:"Northampton Bikeway - Northampton | Trails.com"
626:. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press. pp. 97–99.
522:. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 18.
1064:Munde, Paul F. (1894). "The Munde Water Cure".
795:Gazetteer of Hampshire County, Mass., 1654-1887
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263:within the NAEI community who would transcribe
937:. W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 103–112.
265:Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave
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1696:Springfield metropolitan area, Massachusetts
323:. The company went out of business in 1930.
243:Street in Florence served as a stop for the
1701:Villages in Hampshire County, Massachusetts
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1177:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1128:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
552:Florence, Massachusetts History 1895-1985
410:Learn how and when to remove this message
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810:"About Hill Institute | Hill Institute"
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227:and mixed it with interests in radical
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1323:. Historic Northampton. Archived from
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539:. The Editor. pp. 14 & 107.
392:adding citations to reliable sources
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207:trees in Florence in order to raise
1253:Kneeland, Frederick Newton (1894).
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440:on Meadow Street was a site on the
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1379:Municipalities and communities of
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1300:Sheffeld, Charles A, ed. (1895).
935:Sojourner Truth: A Life, A Symbol
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533:Sheffeld, Charles Arthur (1894).
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888:Fourierist Communities of Reform
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40:Entering Florence, Massachusetts
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1382:Hampshire County, Massachusetts
1316:Full text at Internet Archives.
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1083:. The Editor. pp. 165–167.
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933:Painter, Nell Irvin (1996).
550:Koleszar, Janice K. (1986).
337:Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
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1068:. Florence, MA: The Editor.
950:"David Ruggles (1810-1849)"
896:10.1007/978-3-030-68356-6_3
845:10.1007/978-3-030-68356-6_3
768:(1st ed.). Greenwood.
698:Clark, Christopher (1995).
661:10.1007/978-3-030-68356-6_3
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1691:Northampton, Massachusetts
1233:sojournertruthmemorial.org
1193:"Look Park | Lookparg.org"
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1143:Clark, Jason A. (2013).
1094:Cultrera, Larry (2011).
1344:Florence, Massachusetts
499:. zipdatamaps.com. 2022
317:Corticelli Silk Company
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979:Zinn Education Project
746:: CS1 maint: others (
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1346:at Wikimedia Commons
764:Calarco, Tom (2010).
622:Sinton, John (2018).
313:Nonotuck Silk Company
249:Nonotuck Silk Company
65:42.33556°N 72.67167°W
1669:United States portal
1662:Massachusetts portal
467:Leeds, Massachusetts
442:Underground Railroad
388:improve this article
298:Underground Railroad
245:Underground Railroad
149:, Hampshire County,
1044:Wellcome Collection
792:Gay, W. B. (1886).
575:. February 28, 1914
497:"Florence ZIP Code"
354:Miss Florence Diner
70:42.33556; -72.67167
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1100:. Charleston, SC.
882:Hart, Amy (2021),
831:Hart, Amy (2021),
647:Hart, Amy (2021),
573:The New York Times
426:Places of interest
288:Vincent Priessnitz
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1342:Media related to
1327:on June 28, 2006.
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1107:978-1-62584-102-5
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854:978-3-030-68355-9
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68: /
1685:Categories
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483:References
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431:Historical
225:Fourierism
56:72°40′18″W
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