503:
894:
791:
799:
116:
823:
Gagauz." As reported by historian
Frederick Quinn, by 1993 the Topal government—which had embraced full separatism—was using a new version of the Gagauz flag, its "only extant copy" displayed in Topal's own office. It showed the full-bodied wolf in black, facing the mast and standing on a mound, all within a golden-and-red circle. This was superimposed over a triband closely resembling the current flag, but with a narrower white stripe, and with the three stars aligned vertically.
87:
31:
753:, "not only because they link ancestry with regions within the Soviet Union, but also because they present their Christianisation as a relatively insignificant, obscure and late historical event." Turkologist Astrid Menz observed that more and more Gagauz intellectuals "emphasized their 'Turkic' identity by means of reconstructed history and an increased use of 'Turkic' motifs, especially from the great heroic past in the fine arts."
763:
on a golden circle with outer white ring, all on a field of light blue. Another variant of the flag, which was notably painted as a mural in Comrat, is "blue with white borders and has a white medallion in the middle showing the
Bozkurt". This was originally a military flag, designed in 1990 by the same Petru Vlah. In his version, the wolf's head, colored grey, was shown in profile, facing the mast; the
545:), and "took a decision to abolish all taxes on its territory". Although cited as a precedent and "the world's first Turkish Republic" by later nationalists, this polity was mainly concerned with land reform, rather than ethnic self-determination. The episode also brought Gagauz settlements under the influence of left-wing political parties, including most of all the
354:(served 1990–1995). According to reports of the time, the imagery recalls "a myth of the Gagauz people's founding", when "a wolf led to freedom." Writing in 1990, Curoglu linked the wolf's head with another tradition, that of "nine mourners", or "nine wolves", guarding the Gagauz nation, or with the folkloric depiction of the
977:
During August 2017, Governor Vlah announced an initiative to reinstate the "historical flag" of
Gagauzia as an official symbol, to be flown on state buildings alongside the "Sky Flag". Speaking at the time, she identified the former as a flag appearing at public rallies in 1990–1994, and argued that
762:
years, before the fall of the
Moldavian SSR. The emancipation movement used "a light blue field bearing a centered yellow disk charged with a black wolf's head", reportedly designed by Petru (Pötr) Vlah, who first flew it on October 29, 1989. This was also reported as a black wolf's head in profile,
483:. During the first decades of their presence, they were officially designated as "Bulgarians/Greeks of the Turkish tongue", or as "baptized Turks"; opinion gravitated toward them being an "ethnographic group among the Bulgarians". Into the 1860s, they remained closely aligned and confounded with the
295:
The current "national flag" of
Gagauzia has "a blue field bearing a narrow white and red horizontal stripes on the bottom and three yellow stars on the upper hoist." Reportedly, the three stars stand for "the past, present and future", or, alternatively, for the three constituent municipalities of
956:
made a show of kissing the Gagauz flag, and thereafter gave unofficial equal status to the
Moldovan and Russian flags. Vlah created additional controversy by wearing a scarf of blue-red-white, colors which are shared by Gagauzia and Russia. Moldovan voices saw this as evidence that Vlah was "set
889:
on June 28—that is, for the commemoration of Soviet annexation. Formuzal referred in particular to the lowering of the "Sky Flag", which "can only be done by order of the
Governor. I will not issue such an order." Instead, June 28 was celebrated in Gagauzia as a "day of liberation from Romanian
822:
and a majority which looked forward to autonomy within
Moldova. The latter vision was supported by scholar Mariya Maruneviç, who argued that the Republic was meant "not as a separation from Moldova as a whole, but as a guarantee of maintaining national equality in areas densely populated by the
855:
to be mostly an upper-class phenomenon, with the other social groups "more or less unaffected by a search for an independent Gagauz identity." Moreover, according to literary historian Attila Jorma: "Moldovan
Gagauzes are afraid to be Turkish, since reference to Turkishness could give Moldovan
686:. Tanriover was also able to obtain from the Romanian government that schools around Comrat provide basic education in Turkish. Future Gagauzia developed into a multicultural region under the early stages of Romanian rule, with segments of the community aligning themselves more closely with
370:
that led the Turks across the mountains onto the steppes." Journalist Àlex Bustos quotes Gagauz tourism expert Vera Garciu, who links that symbolism with "pagan aspects are still used in our culture. We have festivities that we dedicate to wolves: we simultaneously fear and respect them."
818:, Romanian volunteers reported that the Gagauz had "their own flag, with the head of a jackal". Although the new state of Moldova had lost any control over the Gagauz region by 1992, the nationalist movement became divided between a minority which pressed for Gagauzia to join the
1922:
180:
of blue-white-red, with a wider blue stripe, charged with three yellow stars arranged in triangular pattern. The overall symbolism is debated, but the stars may represent the three Gagauz municipalities within
Moldova. The tricolor is reminiscent of the
1540:
994:
newspaper reported that there were political disagreements which made it improbable that the commission for a new flag would ever be functional. The "Sky Flag" was still being used as a rallying symbol for Gagauz supporters of Moldova's
271:
adopted wolf symbolism in various forms; the device was featured on its official flag, which reportedly existed in only one copy. Despite their initial popularity, grey-wolf flags were tainted by controversy, being read as references to
835:. This led to the adoption of a revised flag, in its current form, with the nickname "Sky Flag". It was favored over the wolf symbols, which were resented by moderate Gagauz, in particular those who feel a religious solidarity with the
502:
1440:
Ivan Duminică, "Бессарабские болгары и гагаузы во взглядах румынского писателя и политика Георге А. Куза", in Ivan Duminică, Kalcho Kalchev, Gheorghe Gonța, Nadejda Cara, Maria Paslar, Sergiy Strashnyuk, Yekaterina Chelak (eds.),
965:
reports, it saw the Gagauz waving a "flurry of Russian Federation flags". By March of the following year, the European flag had been reportedly removed from the gubernatorial residence in Comrat. In May 2022, at the height of the
978:
the proposal "has been for long discussed in our society." Illustrations and videos published alongside such reports showed a return to the red wolf's head on a white disk, over a field of light blue. According to a report on
662:: "This threat from communism was another crucial factor in the development of Gagauz religiosity and formed a significant component of 'national message'". The Christian ingredient, meanwhile, reduced compatibility with
1567:
1761:
1901:
491:, the two groups bonded in rebelling against the Russian administration, who had formed a habit of using the colonists as cheap labor. Like the Bulgarians, the Gagauz opted for incorporation with the
2103:
O Czarnomorską Ukrainę. Procesy narodowotwórcze w regionie nadczarnomorskim do 1921 roku w ukraińskiej perspektywie historycznej (Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Seria Historia Nr 229)
1802:
1821:
495:, but were disappointed to discover that Moldavian and Romanian laws would not prolong their regional autonomy; in 1861, Bulgarians and Gagauz staged a rebellion against conscription into the
741:
within the Soviet Union, although some linguistic concessions were made in the 1950s and '60s. The Soviet administration, meanwhile, tolerated discourses which linked the Gagauz with the
709:: "The border between Moldova and Ukraine, delineated in 1940, arbitrarily crossed the compact area of Bulgarian–Gagauz settlement." The Gagauz had resisted measures to bring about their
1092:
831:
In December 1994, Gagauzia and Moldova agreed on a "Special Status" for the former, which became the first autonomous ethnic enclave to achieve recognition in all of post-communist
1740:
287:
proposed the introduction of a flag bearing the wolf's head in red as a "historical flag" with official status. If adopted, this resolution would not replace the "Sky Flag".
1718:
996:
1840:
639:
205:
913:
After a unionist rally in May 2012, the Gagauz mayor of Comrat, Nicolai Dudoglo, threatened that his city would only hoist the Gagauz symbols, and remove
1160:
Kapaló, pp. 47–53, 58–83; Karanfil, pp. 62–63; Măcriș, pp. 5–74, 96–99, 117–119, 149–195; Menz, p. 126; Minahan, pp. 631–632. See also Jorma, pp. 143–145
787:, Gagauz activists allegedly used a light-blue field defaced with a red wolf's head on a white disk, with a yellow motif running vertical near the mast.
479:
who had formerly lived in this region." Part of the Budjak was returned to Moldavia in 1856, together with its Gagauz, but re-annexed by Russia with the
309:
1924:
După protestul de la Comrat, mai mulți automobiliști au blocat circulația: Drapelul a fost întins pe toată porțiunea de drum de la intrarea în regiune
538:
514:
867:. This flag also created controversy; its usage remains central to the disputes between Romanian nationalism and those Gagauz who fear a potential
1487:
Kapaló, pp. 53–83; Karanfil, p. 64; Menz, p. 126; Minahan, pp. 633–634. See also Măcriș, pp. 84–85, 87–89, 106–107, 120–141; Romanova, pp. 204–205
934:
666:, which barred the Gagauz from obtaining citizenship—while at the same time extending its definition of "Turkishness" to include Muslim Slavs (
2083:
Svetlana Romanova, "Провинциализм как один из факторов сохранения самобытности гагаузов", in V. P. Stepanova, Svetlana Gubanenkova (eds.),
659:
611:
1542:
Drapelul mișcării separatiste din anii '90 din Găgăuzia va fi oficializat. Irina Vlah: Sub acest simbol s-au desfășurat primele mitinguri
859:
After 2000, the wolf's head symbol has been quietly taken out of public displays. In 2010 the new Gagauz triband was taken to the top of
663:
2120:
371:
Researcher Anatol Măcriș claims that the ancient Gagauz flag had "a wolf on a green field", and proposes that it may derive from the
2181:
2040:
Astrid Menz, "The Gagauz between Christianity and Turkishness", in Filiz Kıral, Barbara Pusch, Claus Schönig, Arus Yumul (eds.),
1780:
726:
2106:
1880:
1858:
2141:
2114:
2096:
2021:
2003:
1992:
Bulgarianturkkilainen romaani 1960-luvulla (Annales Universitatis Turkuensis, Scripta lingua Fennica edita, Ser. C, Tom. 276)
1985:
1953:
1458:
1411:
1313:
922:
847:. Menz noted in 2007 that Gagauz villagers "were nostalgic about Soviet times", and also that they displayed some measure of
1304:
Vlado Treneski, Deyan Tanchovski, Erlin Ago, Ivan Nikolov, Iliya Stoyanovski, Metodiy Ivanov, Rumen Srebranov, Spas Tashev,
946:
240:. Separate symbols for the Gagauz and their territory are comparatively new, first emerging as marks of the resistance to
1196:
Sever Mircea Catalan, "Principiul integrității teritoriale în politica românească în vremea lui Alexandru Ioan Cuza", in
718:
2126:
918:
868:
794:
Variant of the "Wolf Flag" used in Gagauzia. Due to a lack of Standardization, this was used alongside the ethnic flag.
2186:
2078:
2060:
1450:
1209:
Bulgar, pp. 304–305; Bulut, p. 63; Kapaló, p. 54; Karanfil, pp. 63–64; Minahan, p. 632; Romanova, pp. 201–201; Tufar
464:
1692:
967:
730:
603:
436:. According to Gagauz sources, in the 18th century they established a republic centered on, and named, the town of
1391:
706:
249:
424:, and whose main symbol was a "red flag with a white rooster at its center." The Despotate was conquered by the
1977:
1446:
722:
675:
591:
2070:
734:
678:, supported Ciachir's efforts by assigning scholarships to the Gagauz, and connecting them culturally to the
573:
546:
506:
420:. Such records claim that the state switched to a Christian Kipchak dynasty, whose most notable exponent was
185:, which is also popular in Gagauzia; the issue has created friction between Gagauz and Moldovan politicians.
452:
area, but were angered by the heavy taxes imposed on them, and resettled to the south, in the Ottoman-held
615:
2052:
1403:
893:
844:
815:
526:
277:
229:
1903:
Irina Vlah a semnat legea ce prevede utilizarea panglicii negru-oranj pe teritoriul autonomiei găgăuze
2196:
1958:
Stepan Bulgar, "Комратское восстание и роль интеллигенции в революционных событиях 1905–1906 гг", in
550:
237:
2201:
2166:
1766:
1723:
691:
643:
2049:
Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations. Ethnic and National Groups around the World, Volume II D–K
1885:
1546:
979:
784:
480:
851:—"because all the Turks they had ever seen were businessmen while they were farmers." She found
280:. They fell out of use in 2000–2010, but reemerged as popular in the following decade. In 2017,
2088:
1807:
971:
848:
595:
484:
472:
209:
1398:, "Migration and Turkey: the Dynamics of State, Society and Politics", in Reşat Kasaba (ed.),
856:
Romanians a reason to point out that they have a 'mother country', to which one should move."
1200:, Vol. 3, Issues 7–8, July–August 1992, pp. 762–765. See also Kapaló, pp. 51–52; Menz, p. 126
898:
619:
492:
123:
94:
49:
1443:България метрополия и диаспора. Сборник по случай 65-годишнината на д.и.н. Николай Червенков
1786:
1000:
921:
on Moldova's borders, there was some concern about similar events unfolding in Moldova. In
879:
872:
687:
623:
576:(RDM) as an autonomous unit. The community was allocated two seats in the RDM legislature,
496:
389:
348:
281:
217:
201:
1333:
1306:
White Book about the Language Dispute Between Bulgaria and the Republic of North Macedonia
525:
Gagauzia first expressed aspirations of becoming an independent nation in the wake of the
8:
1995:
1003:. Shortly after Stoianoglo's arrest in October 2021, these groups blocked a road between
647:
569:
558:
554:
248:. Several ethnic and semi-official flags were recorded for Gagauz separatists during the
233:
1572:
790:
2134:Очерки истории гагаузов. Комратская Республика 1906 год. Огузское государство IX–X в.в.
1517:"İş komisiyasız da belli! Gagauz Respublikamızın hem Milli Bayraamızın işi bitti!", in
819:
767:
was a sewn pattern. The ethnic flag had numerous other reported variants. A triangular
667:
599:
587:
756:
The first attested nationalist flags of the Gagauz Moldovan people emerged during the
404:. Folk tradition describes the Despotate as a Turkish "Uzi Eyalet", co-founded by the
2191:
2137:
2110:
2092:
2074:
2056:
2017:
1999:
1981:
1949:
1907:
1864:
1639:Ülkü Çelik Şavk, "Todur (Fedor) Zanet Gagauzluk ve Gagauzlara Adanmış Bir Hayat", in
1454:
1407:
1341:
1309:
962:
811:
578:
312:
was an early proponent of a triband arrangement, which was to attest the ancestry of
213:
153:
2154:
2013:
1827:
721:. As a result of the latter, the Gagauz population dwindled, suffering through the
679:
671:
658:. Anti-communism and conservatism were introduced into this mix as a result of the
417:
316:. In this interpretation, each color represents an ancestral contributor to Gagauz
257:
161:
1860:
Cum a fost sărbătorită Ziua Rusiei la Comrat (mai mult) și la Chișinău (mai puțin)
1395:
590:, described himself as "elected by the Bulgarians and the Gagauz". Invaded by the
440:; it also comprised some 100 Dobrujan villages. Some Ludogorian Gagauzes moved to
914:
906:
875:
807:
710:
699:
635:
607:
530:
518:
475:. Their colonization helped "fill the gap that occurred with the forced exile of
457:
401:
344:
305:
268:
225:
145:
1845:, E-democracy.md (Association for Participatory Democracy ADEPT), March 16, 2015
1823:
A Tiny Region in Moldova Holds the Key to Understanding Eastern Ukraine's Future
1627:
Minahan, p. 634–635. See also Măcriș, pp. 85–87, 106–107; Smith Albion, pp. 6–10
1008:
984:
775:, on a plain circle, with no outer ring. This version was reported as in use by
557:
club established by Ferdinand Bragalia. Revolutionary pamphlets referred to the
301:
2132:
Nikolai Kharlampiyevich Tufar, Nikolai Nikolaevich Tufar, Zardyhan Kinayatuly,
1746:
942:
938:
930:
832:
798:
695:
683:
655:
583:
468:
433:
425:
405:
393:
177:
1383:
937:. Also during that interval, a group of pro-Russian Gagauz in Comrat flew the
783:
during the separatist uprising. In parallel protests for the establishment of
2175:
2010:
Text, Context and Performance: Gagauz Folk Religion in Discourse and Practice
1519:
1004:
990:
926:
836:
738:
714:
397:
313:
241:
197:
802:
First reported Tricolor flag in 1993, likely the basis for the current flag.
610:'s "Bulgarian-and-Gagauz committee", which sought to achieve union with the
204:—which, according to Gagauz tradition, had a rooster flag. The emergence of
115:
1965:
Remzi Bulut, "The Economic and Political Structure of Gagauzian Turks", in
1803:"Moldavie. Les Gagaouzes se sentent trop éloignés de la culture européenne"
882:
860:
776:
750:
476:
372:
351:
317:
245:
182:
810:
was formed, seceding from the Moldavian SSR and seeking to unite with the
1762:"Deputații vor discuta mâine situația Ucrainei în spatele ușilor închise"
1345:
864:
852:
840:
780:
758:
746:
690:, rather than Kemalism. In 1937, a multi-ethnic section of the far-right
329:
273:
221:
128:
1094:
Gagauzia: Turkic, Orthodox Crossroads between Moldova, Russia and Turkey
428:, but the main branches of the Gagauz stayed behind in the Dobrujan and
974:, which had been outlawed in Moldova, to be flown on Gagauz territory.
961:
2016 was openly celebrated in Comrat with Governor Vlah's approval. As
958:
953:
537:, survived for some days in January 1906. It formed a government, with
445:
421:
409:
363:
284:
189:
99:
86:
54:
1967:
Journal of Institute of Social Sciences (Mehmet Akif Ersoy University)
1587:
343:) or wolf's head. These were notably in use under the self-proclaimed
1568:"Drapelul așa-numitei Republici Găgăuzia va fi oficializat la Comrat"
886:
742:
561:
as a central symbol, and carried the Esers' Russian-language slogan:
437:
429:
355:
336:
321:
253:
1928:
1600:
Minahan, p. 634. See also Kapaló, pp. 76–78; Smith Albion, pp. 7–10
772:
651:
622:
in skirmishes, culminating as a Gagauz participation in the larger
441:
325:
169:
30:
839:; the grey wolf was also seen as associated with the far-right of
1946:
La difficile unione. La Bessarabia e la Grande Romania, 1918–1940
764:
737:. Russification was intensified following the consolidation of a
488:
471:, which now occupied Bessarabia and the Budjak, regrouped as the
413:
173:
1388:
Challenges of Examining the Ottoman/Turkish Immigration Policies
2136:
Comrat: M. V. Maruneviç Center for Scientific Research, 2015.
902:
768:
453:
388:
The Gagauz report their origins as linked to the high-medieval
297:
193:
1719:"Comrat: 'Ziua eliberării de sub ocupația fasciștilor români'"
949:, but the employees' mood was reported as sour on this issue.
449:
444:
in the 1780s, settling in its eastern regions—later known as
367:
2085:Провинциализм: сохранение самобытности или самоизоляционизм?
1742:
Moldova. Tendințele unioniste de la Chișinău au agitat Rusia
988:, which resumed its activities in March 2017. In September,
909:
lowered and the Gagauz and military ones flying (April 2017)
654:. The synthesis was effected by the priest and propagandist
614:. In 1921–1924, a Gagauz guerilla force, established by the
499:, and thereafter organized waves of emigration into Russia.
863:
by Anna Zanet, daughter of the nationalist poet-journalist
1068:
Vexilologie. Zpravodaj Vexilologického Klubu při okd Praha
682:; he then considered a plan for resettling some Gagauz in
952:
At her swearing-in ceremony the following year, Governor
878:
announced that he and his cabinet opposed the decree by
1365:
Kapaló, pp. 56–115. See also Bulut, p. 62; Menz, p. 129
826:
1842:
Real and Imagined Dangers in the Elections in Gagauzia
941:. Public institutions in Gagauzia still displayed the
779:'s government in August 1990, and flown alongside the
553:(of which Galatsan himself was a member), but also an
172:
since 1995, and is recognized as a regional symbol by
2067:
Democracy at Dawn: Notes from Poland and Points East
200:
were associated with several polities—including the
1402:, Volume 4, pp. 178–180, 195–196. Cambridge etc.:
705:Gagauz-inhabited regions were separated during the
2129:Letters, ASA-7 1995, Europe/Russia (May 10, 1995).
933:, but his motion was met with opposition from the
814:. During the subsequent clashes in the enclave of
565:("Through struggle you will attain your rights").
383:
568:A second statehood was established following the
487:. In 1842–1844, inspired by the Minkov family of
208:dates back to the 1860s, when the Gagauz and the
2173:
957:herself up as a promoter of Russian interests."
2026:Güllü Karanfil, "Gagauzlar ve devletleşme", in
1969:, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Autumn 2016, pp. 60–71.
1308:, pp. 46–47. Sofia & Toronto: Orbel, 2021.
929:moved to ban the Gagauz flag as resembling the
885:, which ordered the flying of state symbols at
598:, the Gagauz polity sought protection from the
1533:
1531:
1529:
771:, of uncertain coloring, had the wolf's head,
448:. These colonists established villages in the
1980:& Moldovan Society of Bulgarists, 2017.
1974:Coloniile bulgarilor în Basarabia (1774–1856)
1356:Romanova, pp. 201–202. See also Kapaló, p. 55
511:Through struggle you will attain your rights!
176:. Popularly known as the "Sky Flag", it is a
2044:, pp. 123–130. Würzburg: Ergon-Verlag, 2007.
612:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
335:The triband replaced earlier designs with a
1585:Ion D. Goia, "Vom lupta pînă la capăt", in
1526:
1257:Kapaló, p. 54. See also Basciani, pp. 61–62
982:, Vlah was inspired by a separatist group,
2087:, pp. 199–211. Oryol & Chișinău:
1782:Commentaries: A Russian Flag Over Gagauzia
1340:, p. 56. Bucharest: Editura Semne, 1995.
1115:Karanfil, pp. 61–62. See also Menz, p. 127
1025:
1023:
513:, both of which were also associated with
168:) has served as an official symbol of the
1635:
1633:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1338:Basarabia. Drepturi naționale și istorice
1011:, by stretching a Gagauz flag across it.
707:1940–1941 Soviet occupation of Bessarabia
642:was centered on the localized version of
2122:Travels in Romania, Moldova and Gagauzia
1513:
1511:
1244:
1242:
1240:
892:
797:
789:
501:
232:, but its leaders only used the generic
2155:Flags of the World - Gagauzia (Moldova)
1711:
1709:
1097:, Nationalia (CIEMEN), January 12, 2022
1037:
1035:
1020:
713:or expulsion, but were also exposed to
358:as a wolf. Other readings describe the
236:, publicizing their loyalty toward the
2174:
1630:
1552:
1078:
1076:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
674:). The Turkish Ambassador in Romania,
606:. This decision was fought against by
1508:
1237:
467:, many Gagauzes were accepted by the
2042:Cultural Changes in the Turkic World
1706:
1478:Kapaló, pp. 75, 178; Karanfil, p. 64
1032:
646:, in combination with the tenets of
400:Christian people which resisted the
1962:, Vol. III, 2022, pp. 301–306.
1073:
1053:
572:of 1917, with hopes of joining the
541:serving as the "Comrat President" (
13:
2127:Institute of Current World Affairs
1881:"O zi 'fără politică' în Găgăuzia"
897:Monument honoring veterans of the
14:
2213:
2148:
1451:Gregory Tsamblak State University
1394:, No. 28, 2021, pp. 3, 7, 10–14;
917:. In 2014, in the context of the
629:
463:Chased out of Dobruja during the
252:in 1991, generally featuring the
188:Before their mass migration into
2037:. Bucharest: Editura Paco, 2008.
2030:, Vol. II, 2021, pp. 61–65.
1591:, Issue 46, November 1990, p. 14
947:Moldova's pro-enlargement policy
731:Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
694:in Comrat, headed by the Gagauz
604:union of Bessarabia with Romania
563:Въ борьбѣ обрѣтешь ты право свое
114:
85:
29:
1948:. Rome: Aracne Editore, 2007.
1913:
1892:
1870:
1848:
1833:
1814:
1792:
1773:
1752:
1730:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1579:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1400:The Cambridge History of Turkey
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1327:
1318:
1298:
1289:
1276:
1266:Bulgar, p. 302. See also Tufar
1260:
1251:
1228:
1219:
1203:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1070:, Issue 81, 1991, pp. 1602–1603
602:, and eventually supported the
384:Emergence of Gagauz nationalism
250:dissolution of the Soviet Union
2182:1995 establishments in Moldova
2071:Texas A&M University Press
1978:Academy of Sciences of Moldova
1447:Academy of Sciences of Moldova
1118:
1109:
1100:
1085:
1044:
660:Soviet anti-religious campaign
1:
1937:
1066:"Nové vlajky. Gagauzsko", in
919:pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine
727:wave of punitive deportations
574:Moldavian Democratic Republic
290:
7:
2160:
968:Russian invasion in Ukraine
616:Bessarabian Communist Party
592:Ukrainian People's Republic
10:
2218:
2053:Greenwood Publishing Group
2028:Știință, Educație, Cultură
1960:Știință, Educație, Cultură
1641:Tehlikedeki Diller Dergisi
1523:, September 29, 2017, p. 1
1404:Cambridge University Press
1187:Duminică (2017), pp. 19–20
1169:Duminică (2017), pp. 13–14
827:Under the "Special Status"
392:, and see themselves as a
378:
302:Ceadîr-Lunga (Çadır-Lunga)
230:Russian Revolution of 1905
2051:. Westport & London:
719:second Soviet occupations
676:Hamdullah Suphi Tanrıöver
551:All-Russian Peasant Union
465:Russo-Turkish War of 1806
278:eponymous far-right group
238:All-Russian Peasant Union
228:", was formed during the
165:
134:
122:
113:
109:
105:
93:
84:
80:
76:
68:
60:
48:
37:
28:
24:
2187:Flags introduced in 1995
2167:Coat of arms of Gagauzia
2008:James Alexander Kapaló,
1014:
869:unification with Romania
692:National Christian Party
634:During the interwar, in
2107:Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM
2012:. Leiden & Boston:
785:Comrat State University
366:symbol, namely as "the
170:Gagauz Territorial Unit
149:
2089:Oryol State University
1808:Courrier International
972:Ribbon of Saint George
910:
806:On August 11, 1990, a
803:
795:
698:, was only flying the
596:Odessa Soviet Republic
522:
485:Bessarabian Bulgarians
473:Bessarabia Governorate
261:
210:Bessarabian Bulgarians
157:
16:Blue-white-red triband
1879:Svetlana Corobceanu,
1739:Vitalie Călugăreanu,
1643:, Winter 2013, p. 134
1609:Romanova, pp. 206–207
896:
890:fascist occupation".
843:, as embodied by the
801:
793:
729:, primarily into the
725:, and also through a
717:during the first and
509:flag with the slogan
505:
493:United Principalities
306:Vulcănești (Valkaneş)
1787:Jamestown Foundation
1445:, p. 311. Chișinău:
1324:Minahan, pp. 632–633
1001:Alexandru Stoianoglo
923:Moldova's Parliament
723:great famine of 1946
688:Romanian nationalism
624:Tatarbunary Uprising
586:, an immigrant from
543:Komrat Cumhurbaşkanı
497:Romanian Land Forces
390:Despotate of Dobruja
267:The self-proclaimed
218:Romanian nationalism
202:Despotate of Dobruja
2119:Adam Smith Albion,
2069:. College Station:
1996:University of Turku
1767:Timpul de Dimineață
1724:Timpul de Dimineață
1422:Kapaló, pp. 100–101
1225:Karanfil, pp. 63–64
1133:Karanfil, pp. 62–63
970:, Vlah allowed the
935:Party of Communists
816:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
648:Turkish nationalism
570:February Revolution
368:legendary grey wolf
150:Gagauz Yerin bayraa
42:Gagauz Yerin bayraa
21:
2101:Grzegorz Skrukwa,
1944:Alberto Basciani,
1931:, October 10, 2021
1886:Jurnal de Chișinău
1697:a ajuns pe Elbrus"
1618:Quinn, pp. 24, 160
1566:Iurii Botnarenco,
1392:ZMO Working Papers
1082:Smith Albion, p. 6
997:Prosecutor General
911:
880:Moldovan President
820:Russian Federation
804:
796:
644:Romanian Orthodoxy
640:Gagauz nationalism
620:Romanian Gendarmes
600:Kingdom of Romania
523:
481:1878 Berlin Treaty
206:Gagauz nationalism
19:
2142:978-9975-3075-2-9
2115:978-83-232-3081-6
2097:978-5-9929-0623-3
2065:Frederick Quinn,
2022:978-90-04-19799-2
2004:978-951-29-3755-4
1986:978-9975-139-27-4
1954:978-88-548-1248-2
1908:Teleradio-Moldova
1865:Radio Free Europe
1661:Menz, pp. 126–128
1652:Kapaló, pp. 80–81
1576:, August 19, 2017
1549:, August 23, 2017
1459:978-9975-9577-2-4
1431:Măcriș, pp. 60–84
1412:978-0-521-62096-3
1374:Kapaló, pp. 55–56
1334:Gheorghe Brătianu
1314:978-954-496-149-7
963:Radio Free Europe
899:Soviet–Afghan War
812:Gagauz in Ukraine
214:Tsarist autocracy
158:Steagul Găgăuziei
138:
137:
2209:
2197:Flags of Moldova
2014:Brill Publishers
1932:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1889:, March 17, 2017
1878:
1874:
1868:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1837:
1831:
1828:Business Insider
1818:
1812:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1777:
1771:
1770:, March 20, 2014
1760:
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1750:
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1703:, August 9, 2010
1690:
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1573:Adevărul Moldova
1565:
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1316:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1286:, pp. 27, 48, 49
1280:
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1198:Revista Istorică
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1080:
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1042:
1039:
1030:
1027:
871:. Also in 2010,
845:Idealist Hearths
680:Turks of Romania
167:
142:flag of Gagauzia
118:
89:
72:October 31, 1995
33:
22:
20:Flag of Gagauzia
18:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2202:Quadcolor flags
2172:
2171:
2163:
2151:
2146:
2047:James Minahan,
2033:Anatol Măcriș,
1972:Ivan Duminică,
1940:
1935:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1867:, June 13, 2016
1854:
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1834:
1819:
1815:
1801:Victoria Puiu,
1798:
1797:
1793:
1789:, April 4, 2014
1778:
1774:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1727:, June 29, 2010
1715:
1714:
1707:
1693:"Ziarul găgăuz
1691:Monitor Media,
1688:
1687:
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1495:
1491:
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1469:Skrukwa, p. 171
1468:
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1299:
1295:Basciani, p. 89
1294:
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1248:Karanfil, p. 64
1247:
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1178:Skrukwa, p. 293
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1141:
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1049:
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1033:
1029:Minahan, p. 630
1028:
1021:
1017:
907:flag of Moldova
876:Mihail Formuzal
829:
808:Gagauz Republic
711:Romanianization
700:flag of Romania
664:Kemalist Turkey
636:Greater Romania
632:
539:Andrey Galatsan
531:Comrat Republic
527:1905 Revolution
519:Comrat Republic
515:Andrey Galatsan
458:Silistra Eyalet
402:spread of Islam
386:
381:
345:Gagauz Republic
298:Comrat (Komrat)
293:
269:Gagauz Republic
226:Comrat Republic
17:
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1990:Attila Jorma,
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1891:
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1857:Tatiana Ețco,
1847:
1832:
1830:, May 25, 2015
1813:
1811:, May 20, 2014
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1747:Deutsche Welle
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1016:
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943:flag of Europe
939:flag of Russia
931:flag of Crimea
915:Moldovan flags
833:Eastern Europe
828:
825:
696:Dumitru Topciu
684:Marmara Region
656:Mihail Ciachir
631:
630:Turkic symbols
628:
618:, engaged the
584:Krste Misirkov
469:Russian Empire
426:Ottoman Empire
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310:Ștefan Curoglu
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2009:
1991:
1976:. Chișinău:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1945:
1923:
1915:
1902:
1894:
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1872:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1839:Igor Botan,
1835:
1822:
1820:Kit Gillet,
1816:
1806:
1794:
1781:
1779:Paul Goble,
1775:
1765:
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1670:Jorma, p. 76
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1505:Menz, p. 127
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1111:
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1093:
1087:
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1050:Bulut, p. 62
1046:
1041:Quinn, p. 24
1009:Giurgiulești
989:
985:Gagauz Halkı
983:
976:
951:
912:
883:Mihai Ghimpu
861:Mount Elbrus
858:
830:
805:
777:Stepan Topal
757:
755:
751:Central Asia
704:
633:
579:Sfatul Țării
577:
567:
562:
542:
534:
524:
510:
462:
387:
373:Dacian Draco
359:
352:Stepan Topal
340:
334:
318:ethnogenesis
294:
266:
246:Soviet Union
187:
183:Russian flag
141:
139:
41:
1799:(in French)
1701:Moldova Azi
1384:Fuat Dündar
945:, honoring
905:, with the
865:Todur Zanet
853:Turkophilia
849:Turkophobia
841:Pan-Turkism
781:Soviet flag
759:Perestroika
747:Oghuz Turks
735:Gorno-Altai
650:, and even
529:: a small "
418:Sarı Saltık
330:Oghuz Turks
274:Pan-Turkism
222:quasi-state
220:. A Gagauz
129:Ethnic flag
38:Other names
2176:Categories
2105:. Poznań:
1938:References
959:Russia Day
954:Irina Vlah
582:, wherein
507:Eser Party
477:the Tatars
446:Bessarabia
430:Ludogorian
422:Dobrotitsa
410:Kaykaus II
364:Pan-Turkic
328:, and the
296:Gagauzia:
285:Irina Vlah
190:Bessarabia
100:Civil flag
61:Proportion
55:State flag
44:, Sky Flag
2109:, 2016.
2091:, 2018.
2073:, 1998.
2055:, 2002.
2016:, 2011.
1998:, 2008.
1994:. Turku:
1453:, 2013.
1406:, 2008.
887:half-mast
743:Pechenegs
588:Macedonia
555:anarchist
432:areas of
398:Turkified
356:pole star
337:grey wolf
322:Pechenegs
308:. Writer
291:Symbolism
254:grey wolf
2192:Gagauzia
2161:See also
2035:Găgăuzii
1929:Unimedia
1695:Ana Sözü
1520:Ana Sözü
1346:38112407
1005:Chișinău
991:Ana Sözü
873:Governor
773:cabossed
668:Bosniaks
652:Kemalism
594:and the
559:red flag
549:and the
442:Moldavia
412:and the
349:Governor
326:Kipchaks
282:Governor
276:and the
234:red flag
192:and the
154:Romanian
1588:Flacăra
765:bordure
608:Tighina
489:Bolgrad
434:Rumelia
416:mystic
379:History
360:bozkurt
341:bozkurt
262:bozkurt
258:Turkish
244:in the
224:, the "
178:triband
174:Moldova
162:Russian
69:Adopted
2140:
2113:
2095:
2077:
2059:
2020:
2002:
1984:
1952:
1457:
1449:&
1410:
1344:
1312:
1284:et al.
1282:Tufar
1272:passim
1268:et al.
1215:passim
1211:et al.
903:Comrat
769:pennon
672:Pomaks
533:", or
454:Budjak
438:Vister
408:ruler
406:Seljuk
394:Turkic
324:, the
320:: the
304:, and
194:Budjak
146:Gagauz
1883:, in
1805:, in
1764:, in
1721:, in
1699:, in
1570:, in
1015:Notes
901:, in
547:Esers
450:Leova
414:Alevi
362:as a
2138:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2093:ISBN
2075:ISBN
2057:ISBN
2018:ISBN
2000:ISBN
1982:ISBN
1950:ISBN
1455:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1342:OCLC
1310:ISBN
1007:and
745:and
733:and
670:and
517:'s "
216:and
140:The
749:of
460:).
396:or
347:of
264:).
124:Use
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64:1:2
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2125:,
1927:,
1906:,
1863:,
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