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Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

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International Criminal Court. In her analysis of China's Security Council voting behavior, Professor Dawn C. Murphy concludes, "These votes directly correspond to China's promotion of the Five Principles, especially the principles of mutual respect for territory and sovereignty and mutual noninterference in the internal affairs of other states."
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stated, "China has all along pursued an independent foreign policy of peace and established and developed relations with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence." The principles were codified in the April 2005 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Good Neighborly
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It is on the basis of the Five Principles that China has established and developed diplomatic relations with 165 countries and carried out trade, economic, scientific, technological and cultural exchanges and cooperation with over 200 countries and regions. It is on the basis of the Five Principles
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just a few days after the signing of the Sino-Indian treaty in Beijing. Nehru went so far as to say: "If these principles were recognized in the mutual relations of all countries, then indeed there would hardly be any conflict and certainly no war." It has been suggested that the five principles had
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stated, "China adheres to an independent foreign policy and develops relationships with other countries under the guidance of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence." According to the view stated by Hu in this report, "China will never be dependent on any big country or group of countries, nor
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Security Council voting behavior reflects its commitment to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. From 1991 to 2020, the vast majority of China's abstentions and all of its vetoes have occurred on issues that involve territorial integrity, primarily sanctions and the jurisdiction of the
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that China has, through peace negotiations, resolved the boundary issues with most neighbors and maintained peace and stability in its surrounding areas. And it is on the basis of the Five Principles that China has provided economic and technical aid with no political strings attached
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The Panchsheel agreement served as one of the most important relation build between India and China to further the economic and security cooperation. An underlying assumption of the Five Principles was that newly independent states after
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from December 1953 to April 1954 between the Delegation of the PRC Government and the Delegation of the Indian Government on the relations between the two countries with respect to the disputed territories of
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China has often emphasized its close association with the Five Principles. It had put them forward, as the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, at the start of negotiations that took place in
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will it yield to the pressure of any big country The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence apply to our relations with all countries, including socialist countries."
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titled, "Moving beyond the Panchsheel deception" and said that if India and China decide to move on from the Panchsheel framework, it will benefit both countries.
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had said the Panchsheel was "born in sin" because it was set forth with the destruction of a nation; India had approved of ancient Tibet's destruction.
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MOU between the Ministry of Defence of India and the Ministry of National Defence of China for Exchanges and Cooperation in the field of Defence, 2006
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Enshrined in China's Constitution, the Five Principles have long been held as the cornerstone of China's independent foreign policy of peace.
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championed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence stating that they should be used as the "guiding norms of international relations".
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The Declaration of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China on the Promotion of International Law, 25 June 2016
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Protocol on Modalities for the Implementation of Military Confidence Building Measures along the Line of Actual Control, 2005
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Agreement on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for the Settlement of the India-China Boundary Question, 2005
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The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are Chinese political norms articulated in other contexts as well. In 1982,
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In 2014, Zhao Gancheng, a Chinese scholar said that on the surface Panchsheel seemed very superficial; but under
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found its way into the conversation during talks with the Chinese. On the 50th anniversary of the treaty, the
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Comparative Development of India & China Economic, Technological, Sectoral & Socio-cultural Insights
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said that "China is ready to work with India to seek guidance from the five principles of Panchsheel".
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China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order
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China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order
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China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order
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in Beijing for the commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the signing Panchsheel Treaty. In 2017,
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The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are the fundamental political norms underlying the
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This article is about the diplomatic principles between India and China. For other uses, see
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would be able to develop a new and more principled approach to international relations.
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of state sovereignty. Since its inclusion in the Five Principles, China has emphasized
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Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries
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in a broadcast speech made at the time of the Asian Prime Ministers Conference in
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China-India Strategic and Cooperative Partnership for Peace and Prosperity, 2005
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The new great game : China and South and Central Asia in the era of reform
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The new great game : China and South and Central Asia in the era of reform
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Nehru, "The Colombo Powers' Peace Efforts", broadcast from Colombo 2 May 1954,
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Developmental Peace: Theorizing China's Approach to International Peacebuilding
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partly originated as the five principles of the Indonesian state. In June 1945
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Declaration on Principles for Relations and Comprehensive Cooperation, 2003
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Relations signed during a visit by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao to Pakistan.
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Decolonization: The British, French, Dutch and Belgian Empires, 1919-1963
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The five principles were incorporated in modified form in a statement of
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State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense
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Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission
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Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Good Neighborly Relations, 2005
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mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty,
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Joint Statement on Building a Closer Developmental Partnership, 2014
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https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/volume%20299/v299.pdf
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China, Cambodia, and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
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Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Non-Aggression Agreement, 1960
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Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Non-Aggression Agreement, 1960
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Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization
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State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China
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Agreement on the normalisation of diplomatic relations, 1955
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Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture
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mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs,
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Jawaharlal Nehru's and Mr Sanju from Poojapura, Speeches
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Agreement on Military Confidence Building Measures, 1996
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An ideological history of the Communist Party of China
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An ideological history of the Communist Party of China
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The 8-year provision is in Article 6 of the Agreement.
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Treaty between the PRC and the Kingdom of Nepal, 1956
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12th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
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Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
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India China joint press communique, 23 December 1988
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Friendship and Mutual Non-Aggression Agreement, 1960
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These principles are a strict interpretation of the
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Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs
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Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members
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India's Place in the World: From Panchsheel to RCEP
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Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
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Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 32. 4683:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4629:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4470:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4421:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4013:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3628:China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CACF) 3338: 3324: 346:Constitutional oath of office (Article 27) 3856:Boundary Agreement, 1963 (Ten principles) 3632:Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) 3090:International Military Cooperation Office 2358:Office for Safeguarding National Security 1003:Central Leading Group for Inspection Work 361:Highest state organ of power (Article 57) 5018: 4726:"Moving beyond the Panchsheel deception" 4319: 4238: 4059: 3904: 3737: 2902:Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs 2882:Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement 1730:National Defense Mobilization Commission 937:Office of the Central Secrecy Commission 18:Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence 5160:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 4548:. Thomas Fingar. Stanford, California: 4493:. Thomas Fingar. Stanford, California: 4306:. SAGE Publications. 2020. p. 372. 4194: 3674:it has become relevant again. In 2014, 3494:) issued in April 1955 at the historic 3352:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 3178:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 2247:CCP Central Politics and Law Commission 1927:People's Procuratorates Judicial Police 351:Protection of human rights (Article 33) 27:Chinese international relations concept 14: 5374: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4720: 4648: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4594: 3978: 3942: 3576:In June 2014, Vice President of India 3486:Ten Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 3396:The Five Principles, as stated in the 3206:China and the World Trade Organization 3142:Visa requirements for Chinese citizens 2279:Public Security Organs People's Police 573:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 4992: 4848:. Xinhua News Agency. 12 April 2005. 4768: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4696: 4694: 4655:. Stanford, California. p. 193. 4538: 4536: 4483: 4481: 4435: 4386: 4315: 4313: 4173: 4167: 4124:"Bandung Principles - Bandung Spirit" 3850: 3769: 3733:Preamble to the Constitution of China 2625:Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission 2574:Overseas censorship of Chinese issues 2314:State Security Organs People's Police 1870:Commission Against Corruption (Macau) 1803:CMC Leading Group for Military Reform 1636:Politics and Legal Affairs Commission 5392:People's Republic of China diplomacy 4784: 4601:. Stanford, California. p. 60. 4055: 4053: 4027: 3985:. Stanford, California. p. 59. 3938: 3936: 3934: 3843:Treaty of peace and friendship, 1960 3691: 3065:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 2887:Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement 4974:Sophie Richardson (December 2009). 4637: 4241:"'Panchsheel' Is Revived, But . . " 4021: 3907:"'Panchsheel' Is Revived, But . . " 3880:History of Indian foreign relations 3170:National Immigration Administration 2215:Federation of Industry and Commerce 1852:Anti-corruption campaign since 2012 1610:National Defense Mobilization Dept. 411:General Principles of the Civil Law 24: 4954: 4747: 4691: 4533: 4478: 4310: 4182:from the original on 10 March 2011 3825: 3785: 3750: 2958:Central Foreign Affairs Commission 2640:Cyberspace Administration of China 647:Two Establishes and Two Safeguards 25: 5418: 5397:Foreign policy doctrines of India 4050: 3931: 3594: 3542:broke out between the two sides. 3211:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 2068:Political Consultative Conference 1656:Int'l Military Cooperation Office 1641:Science and Technology Commission 1597:Training and Administration Dept. 1444:Central Military Commission (CMC) 617:Scientific Outlook on Development 341:Democratic centralism (Article 3) 4164:. 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Raja (7 March 2011). 4130:from the original on 2022-05-22 3955:from the original on 2021-08-19 3905:Trumbull, Robert (1979-02-18). 3639:2011 NATO intervention in Libya 3580:was welcomed by China into the 3508:United Nations General Assembly 3115:Overseas Chinese Affairs Office 2500:China Global Television Network 2480:Ministry of Culture and Tourism 2344:Bureau of Prison Administration 1904:People's Courts Judicial Police 1831:National Supervisory Commission 912:Office of the General Secretary 4141: 4116: 4103: 4086: 4065:"Panchsheel: The untold story" 3898: 3885:Bandung Conference#Declaration 3756:Joint Statement, June 20, 1954 3369:Hépíng gòngchǔ wǔ xiàng yuánzé 3368: 3359: 3234:China–European Union relations 2726:Special administrative regions 1911:Supreme People's Procuratorate 1150:Financial and Economic Affairs 13: 1: 4978:. Columbia University Press. 4282:Embassy of China in New Delhi 3891: 3391: 3254:China–United States relations 3239:China–Latin America relations 3100:NPC Foreign Affairs Committee 2696:HK & Macau Affairs Office 2439:Central Propaganda Department 2291:Local public security bureaus 1666:Offices Administration Agency 1175:Agriculture and Rural Affairs 4208:. 2005-04-08. Archived from 3943:Jiabao, Wen (28 June 2004). 3201:China and the United Nations 3105:CCP International Department 3085:Ministry of National Defense 3012:Diplomatic missions of China 2872:Taiwan independence movement 2593:Publishing industry in China 2126:United Front Work Department 1971:Regular Disciplined Services 1961:Law enforcement in Hong Kong 1767:Ministry of Veterans Affairs 1749:Ministry of National Defense 784:National Security Commission 624:Harmonious Socialist Society 515:Death sentence with reprieve 489:Administrative Procedure Law 7: 3873: 3514:, established in Belgrade, 3193:Community of Common Destiny 2983:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2853:Republic of China on Taiwan 2263:Ministry of Public Security 1584:Equipment Development Dept. 751:Central Military Commission 10: 5423: 4497:. 2016. pp. 133–134. 3659:said of the treaty in the 3617:National People's Congress 3435: 3398:Sino–Indian Agreement 1954 3378:1954 Sino-Indian Agreement 2848:Political status of Taiwan 2298:Ministry of State Security 1998:Public Prosecutions Office 1798:Military reform since 2015 1410:Deputy Secretaries-General 1180:Social Development Affairs 1061:National People's Congress 599:Primary stage of socialism 567:Admission Oath (Article 6) 134:Current provincial leaders 29: 5362: 5317: 5256: 5168: 5152: 5106: 5090: 5083: 5026: 4550:Stanford University Press 4495:Stanford University Press 4034:Columbia University Press 3672:Xi Jinping Administration 3229:China–Caribbean relations 2813:Mainland & Macau CEPA 2512:China Radio International 2459:China Film Administration 1646:Strategic Planning Office 1376:Cabinet-level departments 468:Intellectual property law 4649:Murphy, Dawn C. (2022). 4595:Murphy, Dawn C. (2022). 3979:Murphy, Dawn C. (2022). 3727: 3652:Commentary and criticism 3613:China-Pakistan relations 3582:Great Hall of the People 3496:Asian-African Conference 3272:Administrative divisions 3053:Belt and Road Initiative 2750:Hong Kong SAR Government 2721:One country, two systems 2709:Hong Kong Liaison Office 2495:China Central Television 2005:Secretariat for Security 1681:People's Liberation Army 1422:most Central Enterprises 1165:Overseas Chinese Affairs 604:Four Cardinal Principles 4785:Tzou, Byron N. (1990). 3244:China–Pacific relations 3123:Chinese nationality law 2015:Unitary Police Services 1672:National armed forces: 1088:Council of Chairpersons 944:Organization Department 676:National Party Congress 381:Socialist law tradition 258:Organization Department 4580:: CS1 maint: others ( 4525:: CS1 maint: others ( 4436:Huang, Yibing (2020). 4387:Huang, Yibing (2020). 4178:. The Indian Express. 4098:March 1953–August 1957 4028:Meng, Wenting (2024). 3781:Joint Communique, 1960 3645:China's United Nations 3568: 3428:as major principle of 3407:mutual non aggression, 3249:China–Russia relations 3219:China–Africa relations 3048:China Development Bank 3024:Foreign aid from China 2865:"Taiwan Province", PRC 2833:Cross-Strait relations 2826:Cross-Strait relations 2779:Mainland & HK CEPA 2220:People's organizations 2027:Public Security Police 1976:Hong Kong Police Force 1937:Judiciary of Hong Kong 1888:Supreme People's Court 1793:Military modernization 1571:Logistic Support Dept. 304:Previous constitutions 177:Communist Party leader 72:Leadership generations 5387:China–India relations 5382:Constitution of China 5350:Sirimavo Bandaranaike 4552:. 2016. p. 133. 4363:The Financial Express 3846:Boundary Treaty, 1961 3775:Joint Statement, 1958 3765:Boundary Treaty, 1960 3746:Boundary Treaty, 1963 3738:China and Afghanistan 3678:wrote a piece in the 3563: 3530:and what China calls 3416:peaceful co-existence 2921:Taiwan Affairs Office 2772:Independence movement 2757:Politics of Hong Kong 1993:Court of Final Appeal 1954:Prosecutions Division 1949:Department of Justice 1942:Court of Final Appeal 1698:People's Armed Police 1391:National Audit Office 1022:Provincial committee 253:Collective leadership 248:Democratic centralism 129:Current state leaders 84:Hu–Wen Administration 5020:Non-Aligned Movement 4700:LL Mehrotra (2000). 3949:tr.china-embassy.org 3709:adding missing items 3547:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 3512:Non-Aligned Movement 3224:China–Arab relations 3156:Visa policy of China 3075:New Development Bank 3038:Ministry of Commerce 2801:Macau SAR Government 2714:Macau Liaison Office 2507:China National Radio 2190:Historical parties: 2010:Macau Security Force 1558:Political Work Dept. 1196:State representative 1140:Constitution and Law 925:Central Guard Bureau 594:Deng Xiaoping Theory 371:Chinese legal system 186:State representative 148:Orders of precedence 111:20th Party Politburo 90:Xi–Li Administration 4212:on November 2, 2012 3426:non-interventionism 3002:Diplomatic missions 2974:Secretary-General: 2892:Chinese unification 2736:Hong Kong Basic Law 2606:Internet censorship 2564:Censorship in China 2321:Ministry of Justice 1847:Corruption in China 1219:Presidential Office 858:Secretary-General: 741:Central Secretariat 642:Four Comprehensives 446:Labour Contract Law 376:Civil law tradition 213:Conference Chairman 102:4th Leadership Core 77:Succession of power 5304:Gamal Abdel Nasser 5178:Bandung Conference 5138:News Agencies Pool 4730:The Indian Express 4707:2023-04-08 at the 4245:The New York Times 4176:"How to intervene" 4154:2023-04-20 at the 3911:The New York Times 3851:China and Pakistan 3770:China and Cambodia 3707:; 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576: 574: 570: 568: 565: 564: 563: 562: 559: 555: 547: 544: 543: 540: 537: 536: 533: 528: 527: 516: 513: 511: 508: 507: 506: 503: 502: 501: 498: 497: 491: 490: 486: 485: 484: 481: 480: 474: 471: 470: 469: 466: 462: 461: 457: 456: 455: 452: 448: 447: 443: 441: 440: 436: 435: 434: 431: 429: 428: 424: 421: 420: 416: 413: 412: 408: 407: 401: 398: 396: 395: 391: 390: 389: 386: 382: 379: 377: 374: 373: 372: 369: 368: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 336: 332: 331: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 309: 307: 306: 305: 302: 301: 300: 297: 296: 290: 287: 285: 282: 281: 277: 276: 269: 268:Civil service 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 243:Unified power 241: 240: 236: 235: 232: 229: 227: 223: 220: 218: 214: 211: 209: 205: 202: 200: 196: 193: 191: 187: 184: 182: 178: 175: 170: 166: 162: 161: 160: 156: 153: 152: 149: 146: 144: 141: 140: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 121: 118: 116: 112: 109: 107: 103: 100: 99: 98:(since 2017) 97: 94: 91: 88: 85: 82: 81: 78: 75: 73: 70: 69: 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Ibidem. 4001:1249712936 3959:2021-03-01 3924:2024-07-05 3892:References 3705:incomplete 3676:Ram Madhav 3637:Since the 3601:Hu Yaobang 3589:Xi Jinping 3559:Wen Jiabao 3534:and India 3528:Aksai Chin 3516:Yugoslavia 3488:(known as 3462:Zhou Enlai 3454:Zhou Enlai 3392:Principles 3382:Panchsheel 3372:) are the 2964:Xi Jinping 2962:Director: 2925:Director: 2908:Xi Jinping 2700:Director: 2645:Director: 2630:Director: 2421:Director: 2408:Shen Yiqin 2382:Propaganda 2308:Chen Yixin 1837:Liu Jinguo 1835:Director: 1809:Xi Jinping 1616:Liu Faqing 1614:Director: 1601:Director: 1588:Director: 1575:Director: 1562:Director: 1551:Liu Zhenli 1533:Director: 1501:Liu Zhenli 1483:He Weidong 1459:Xi Jinping 1352:Shen Yiqin 1213:Xi Jinping 903:Director: 875:Xi Jinping 873:Director: 830:Xi Jinping 828:Director: 791:Xi Jinping 789:Chairman: 777:He Weidong 761:Xi Jinping 708:Xi Jinping 473:Patent law 439:Labour Law 433:Labour law 419:Civil Code 226:Xi Jinping 190:Xi Jinping 181:Xi Jinping 165:First lady 159:Xi Jinping 115:Xi Jinping 106:Xi Jinping 65:Leadership 5278:Indonesia 5129:NAM Youth 5084:Structure 5064:Sri Lanka 4679:cite book 4625:cite book 4576:cite book 4568:939553543 4521:cite book 4513:939553543 4466:cite book 4417:cite book 4334:0971-751X 4326:The Hindu 4253:0362-4331 4206:Xinhuanet 4009:cite book 3919:0362-4331 3518:in 1961. 3504:Indonesia 3479:pancasila 3470:Sri Lanka 3160:Hong Kong 3146:Hong Kong 3132:Hong Kong 2843:One China 2668:Hong Kong 2446:Li Shulei 2431:Li Shulei 2404:Li Shulei 1921:Ying Yong 1898:Zhang Jun 1894:President 1603:Wang Peng 1577:Zhang Lin 1493:Members: 1304:He Lifeng 1239:Han Zheng 1205:President 1189:Presidium 1098:Zhao Leji 1073:Elections 1031:Secretary 979:Secretary 950:Li Ganjie 891:He Lifeng 804:Zhao Leji 654:Democracy 579:Communism 414:(to 2020) 263:Elections 208:Zhao Leji 32:Pañcasīla 5257:Founders 5069:Tanzania 4937:Archived 4908:Archived 4879:Archived 4850:Archived 4821:Archived 4734:Archived 4705:Archived 4367:Archived 4338:Archived 4257:Archived 4180:Archived 4152:Archived 4128:Archived 3953:Archived 3874:See also 3630:and the 3360:和平共处五项原则 3028:to China 3016:in China 2988:Minister 2970:Li Qiang 2927:Song Tao 2906:Leader: 2687:Leader: 2394:Leader: 2327:Minister 2304:Minister 2269:Minister 2079:Chairman 1807:Leader: 1759:Dong Jun 1755:Minister 1741:Li Qiang 1737:Chairman 1564:Miao Hua 1508:Miao Hua 1449:Chairman 1277:Li Qiang 1094:Chairman 1007:Leader: 883:Li Qiang 840:Li Qiang 800:Li Qiang 757:Chairman 558:ideology 199:Li Qiang 124:Li Qiang 5274:Sukarno 5170:Summits 5028:Members 3620:Li Peng 3500:Bandung 3475:Sukarno 3466:Colombo 3436:History 3400:, are: 3356:Chinese 2992:Wang Yi 2976:Wang Yi 2331:He Rong 1715:Militia 1271: ( 1269:Premier 1223:Chief: 916:Chief: 539:History 5318:People 5091:Bureau 5037:Cyprus 4982:  4795:  4669:  4659:  4615:  4605:  4566:  4556:  4511:  4501:  4456:  4446:  4407:  4397:  4332:  4251:  4040:  3999:  3989:  3917:  3561:said, 3366:: 3364:pinyin 3358:: 2632:Cai Qi 2444:Head: 2423:Cai Qi 2396:Cai Qi 2130:Head: 1225:Cai Qi 1122:Liu Qi 948:Head: 918:Cai Qi 905:Cai Qi 852:Cai Qi 815:Cai Qi 808:Cai Qi 556:& 5308:Egypt 5298:Ghana 5288:India 5058:Malta 5053:India 5048:Ghana 5043:Egypt 3728:China 3523:Delhi 3164:Macau 3150:Macau 3136:Macau 3070:BRICS 2673:Macau 2351:] 2164:CPWDP 2154:CNDCA 2039:] 2022:] 1547:Chief 1009:Li Xi 983:Li Xi 5248:19th 5243:18th 5238:16th 5233:10th 4980:ISBN 4793:ISBN 4685:link 4667:OCLC 4657:ISBN 4631:link 4613:OCLC 4603:ISBN 4582:link 4564:OCLC 4554:ISBN 4527:link 4509:OCLC 4499:ISBN 4472:link 4454:OCLC 4444:ISBN 4423:link 4405:OCLC 4395:ISBN 4330:ISSN 4290:2020 4249:ISSN 4188:2020 4038:ISBN 4015:link 3997:OCLC 3987:ISBN 3915:ISSN 3350:The 2200:CDSP 2179:TDSL 2169:CZGP 2159:CAPD 2144:RCCK 1287:list 1273:list 1209:list 1082:14th 1065:14th 973:20th 963:20th 745:20th 732:20th 721:20th 701:list 690:20th 680:20th 388:Laws 322:1978 317:1975 312:1954 5228:9th 5223:8th 5218:7th 5213:6th 5208:5th 5203:4th 5198:3rd 5193:2nd 5188:1st 3711:. 3498:in 2205:YCP 2195:KMT 2149:CDL 1455:): 1275:): 1211:): 289:Law 5378:: 4935:. 4931:. 4906:. 4902:. 4877:. 4873:. 4844:. 4819:. 4815:. 4749:^ 4732:. 4728:. 4693:^ 4681:}} 4677:{{ 4665:. 4639:^ 4627:}} 4623:{{ 4611:. 4578:}} 4574:{{ 4562:. 4535:^ 4523:}} 4519:{{ 4507:. 4480:^ 4468:}} 4464:{{ 4452:. 4419:}} 4415:{{ 4403:. 4361:. 4336:. 4328:. 4324:. 4312:^ 4280:. 4255:. 4247:. 4243:. 4204:. 4158:. 4126:. 4067:. 4052:^ 4036:. 4011:}} 4007:{{ 3995:. 3971:^ 3962:. 3947:. 3933:^ 3913:. 3909:. 3634:. 3502:, 3468:, 3432:. 3388:. 3362:; 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Index

Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence
Pañcasīla
Politics of China

Leadership
Leadership generations
Succession of power
Hu–Wen Administration
Xi–Li Administration
Xi Administration
4th Leadership Core
Xi Jinping
20th Party Politburo
Xi Jinping
14th State Council
Li Qiang
Current state leaders
Current provincial leaders
National leaders
Orders of precedence
Paramount leader
Xi Jinping
First lady
Peng Liyuan
Communist Party leader
Xi Jinping
State representative
Xi Jinping
Head of government
Li Qiang

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