20:
207:
was also found. While there is no clear evidence for its consumption at Cueva del Medio, cut marks were found on a mylodont rib at Piedra Museo. At the Paso Otero 5 site in the Pampas of northeast
Argentina, Fishtail points are associated with burned bones of the elephant-sized giant ground sloths
166:, the people who produced Fishtail points were willing to transport rocks and stone tools hundreds of kilometers away from the original outcrop, in one case 482 kilometres (300 mi), which may have been the result of exchanges between different groups.
76:. In comparison to Clovis points, Fishtail points are often but not always fluted (having a long flake running along the length of the point removed, leaving a groove at the base). Fishtail points varied significantly in size and form, and many were likely
1174:
181:, suggesting that the hunting may have had a causal role in the extinctions. Fishtail points disappeared following the extinction of the megafauna, and were replaced by projectile point styles better suited for hunting smaller prey.
88:, though some are suggested to have served other purposes, like as knives or as cutting tools, and the same point may have been used for multiple functions. Following being damaged, the points were often later recycled into
265:. The bones appear to have been deliberately burned as a source of fuel. Due to the poor preservation of the bones there is no clear evidence of human modification, with the possible exception of a fracture on a
926:"Mobility and raw material procurement by Fishtail people in Uruguay: Evaluation of silcrete long distance transport between campsites and outcrops during the late Pleistocene (ca. 12,900–12,250 cal BP)"
45:(BP), while others favouring a long chronology spanning 13,500–10,200 years BP. It is the earliest widespread lithic style in South America, being contemporaneous in its earlier stages to the use of
41:
widespread in South
America at the end of the Late Pleistocene. Their chronological timing is disputed, with some authors favouring a short chronology spanning 12,800–12,200 years
49:
in North
America. Fishtail points may be derived from Clovis points, or possibly from Fishtail-like points found on the Gulf Coast of North America and in Central America.
52:
The name "Fishtail point" derives from their fish-like shape, with broad shoulders, indented stems and flared bases, while the name "Fell point" originally given by
1175:
Paso Otero 5: A summary of the interdisciplinary lines of evidence for reconstructing early human occupation and paleoenvironment in the
Pampean region, Argentina
188:
in Santa Cruz
Province in Southern Argentina and in Cueva del Medio in southern Chile, where Fishtail points were found in association with the extinct equine
169:
The people who produced
Fishtail points are suggested to have been highly-mobile hunter-gatherers. Fishtail points are suggested to have been utilized for
177:
mammals and the peak abundance of the points coincides with the proposed extinction interval for most large mammals in South
America as part of the
1044:"Paleoamerican Occupation, Stone Tools from the Cueva del Medio, and Considerations for the Late Pleistocene Archaeology in Southern South America"
184:
Direct association between
Fishtail points and extinct megafauna are rare, though such an association is preserved at several sites. These include
96:
or other lithic types, sometimes in combination on the same artefact. Other lithic tools utilized by
Fishtail producing peoples include
841:"Fishtail Points, Blades, and Preforms and the Paleoamerican Occupation of the YĂ River (Uruguay): New Evidence from La Palomita"
419:"Changes in projectile design and size of prey reveal the central role of Fishtail points in megafauna hunting in South America"
178:
1153:
702:
642:
583:"Fishtailed projectile points in the Americas: Remarks and hypotheses on the peopling of northern South America and beyond"
687:
Suarez, Rafael. 2009. Unifacial
Fishtail Points: Considerations about the archaeological record of Paleo South Americans.
1197:
68:
thinned, though some unifacial Fishtail points are known. The points were manufactured from blanks with a combination of
1181:, D. Vialou, Ed. (Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle. Departement de Prehistoire, U.M.R, Paris, 2011), pp. 271–284.
297:"Late Pleistocene South American megafaunal extinctions associated with rise of Fishtail points and human population"
1134:"The Archaeofaunas of Piedra Museo. Zooarchaeological and Taphonomic Study of the AEP-1 Site (Argentine Patagonia)"
528:"Life history or stylistic variation? A geometric morphometric method for evaluation of Fishtail point variability"
1132:
Marchionni, Laura; Vázquez, MartĂn; Miotti, Laura (2022), Miotti, Laura; Salemme, Monica; Hermo, DarĂo (eds.),
195:
some of which show cut marks indicative of butchery. Evidence of hunting of members of the living llama genus
162:(5%), while in the Tandilia Range of the Argentine Pampas, local quartzite was preferred (>75%). Like the
69:
124:
115:, some finds are also known from central, northern and northeastern Brazil, including in the states of
760:
840:
364:
365:"Exploring Technological Choices in Fishtail Points from Southern Contexts: A Comparative Overview"
1094:
1005:
964:
925:
799:
483:
210:
761:"The Paleoamerican Occupation of the Plains of Uruguay: Technology, Adaptations, and Mobility"
643:"Redating Fell's Cave, Chile and the Chronological Placement of the Fishtail Projectile Point"
880:"New records of fishtail projectile points from Brazil and its implications for its peopling"
93:
23:
Variety of Fishtail projectile points (both whole and fragments) found in Argentina and Chile
1106:
1013:
937:
879:
594:
539:
495:
430:
308:
112:
89:
8:
97:
1133:
1110:
1017:
965:"Fishtail points from the Pampas of South America: Their variability and life histories"
941:
800:"Fishtail points from the Pampas of South America: Their variability and life histories"
598:
543:
499:
434:
312:
738:
730:
670:
620:
563:
459:
418:
392:
337:
296:
1025:
1149:
1075:
901:
860:
780:
742:
722:
674:
662:
624:
612:
567:
555:
464:
446:
396:
384:
342:
324:
1118:
776:
1141:
1114:
1065:
1055:
1021:
984:
976:
945:
891:
852:
819:
811:
772:
714:
654:
602:
547:
503:
454:
438:
376:
332:
316:
170:
132:
73:
65:
38:
856:
527:
380:
949:
607:
582:
551:
507:
1145:
658:
442:
320:
222:
163:
42:
980:
815:
111:, extending as far north as Ecuador. While Brazilian finds are most common in
1191:
1079:
905:
864:
784:
726:
703:"Geographic Variation in Fluted Projectile Points: A Hemispheric Perspective"
666:
616:
559:
450:
388:
328:
242:
226:
85:
46:
468:
346:
261:
254:
201:
was also found at both sites. At both sites the extinct large ground sloth
197:
185:
131:. Finds in Patagonia extend to the farthest south of the region, including
103:
Fishtail points have the highest find frequency in the open regions of the
19:
896:
16:
Type of projectile point used in South America during the Late Pleistocene
116:
53:
35:
1070:
1060:
1043:
1093:
Bampi, Hugo; Barberi, Maira; Lima-Ribeiro, Matheus S. (December 2022).
989:
824:
734:
641:
Waters, Michael R.; Amorosi, Thomas; Stafford, Thomas W. (April 2015).
57:
236:
190:
174:
151:
61:
878:
Loponte, Daniel; Okumura, Mercedes; Carbonera, Mirian (2015-03-15).
718:
216:
139:
120:
248:
203:
77:
839:
Suárez, Rafael; Vegh, Jorge; Astiazarán, JoaquĂn (2018-01-02).
159:
147:
104:
363:
Hermo, DarĂo; Miotti, Laura; Terranova, Enrique (2022-01-02).
138:
In Uruguay, Fishtail points were most often manufactured from
1140:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 199–256,
417:
Prates, Luciano; Rivero, Diego; Perez, S. Ivan (2022-10-25).
143:
128:
108:
107:
and Patagonia, but are also found with some frequency in the
81:
1006:"Long distance tool stone transport in the Argentine Pampas"
155:
1095:"Megafauna kill sites in South America: A critical review"
1092:
64:, where the first points were found. They are typically
1131:
877:
640:
484:"The Anzick genome proves Clovis is first, after all"
838:
362:
963:Flegenheimer, Nora; Weitzel, Celeste (March 2017).
962:
798:Flegenheimer, Nora; Weitzel, Celeste (March 2017).
797:
526:Suárez, Rafael; Cardillo, Marcelo (October 2019).
924:Suárez, Rafael; Barceló, Flavia (February 2024).
701:Morrow, Juliet E.; Morrow, Toby A. (April 1999).
416:
1189:
84:, which were possibly used in combination with
525:
295:Prates, Luciano; Perez, S. Ivan (2021-04-12).
923:
1003:
700:
294:
930:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
532:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
1069:
1059:
988:
895:
823:
606:
458:
336:
142:(54%), with other source rocks including
1179:Peuplements et Préhistoire de l’Amérique
18:
1190:
969:Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
804:Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
758:
481:
179:Late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions
1037:
1035:
919:
917:
915:
754:
752:
1138:Archaeology of Piedra Museo Locality
1041:
636:
634:
580:
521:
519:
517:
412:
410:
408:
406:
358:
356:
290:
288:
286:
284:
282:
689:Current Research in the Pleistocene
13:
1032:
912:
749:
14:
1209:
631:
514:
403:
353:
279:
92:or cutting tools, or less often
1167:
1125:
1119:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107851
1086:
997:
956:
871:
832:
791:
777:10.1179/2055556314Z.00000000010
759:Suárez, Rafael (January 2015).
482:Fiedel, Stuart J. (July 2017).
246:, the rhinoceros-like ungulate
1173:G. MartĂnez, M. A. GutiĂ©rrez,
694:
681:
574:
475:
1:
1026:10.1016/S1040-6182(02)00202-1
857:10.1080/20555563.2017.1415651
381:10.1080/20555563.2021.2000090
272:
1042:Nami, Hugo G. (2019-08-12).
950:10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104338
608:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.004
552:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.101997
508:10.1016/j.quaint.2017.06.022
7:
1146:10.1007/978-3-030-92503-1_8
10:
1214:
1198:Upper Paleolithic cultures
1099:Quaternary Science Reviews
659:10.7183/0002-7316.80.2.376
443:10.1038/s41598-022-21287-0
321:10.1038/s41467-021-22506-4
252:, the camel-like ungulate
220:the smaller ground sloths
60:(Fell's Cave) in southern
981:10.1016/j.jaa.2016.12.001
884:Journal of Lithic Studies
816:10.1016/j.jaa.2016.12.001
1010:Quaternary International
1004:Flegenheimer, N (2003).
587:Quaternary International
488:Quaternary International
581:Nami, Hugo G. (2021).
259:and the extinct llama
211:Megatherium americanum
24:
897:10.2218/jls.v3i1.1312
301:Nature Communications
22:
1111:2022QSRv..29807851B
1061:10.3390/quat2030028
1018:2003QuInt.109...49F
942:2024JArSR..53j4338S
599:2021QuInt.578...47N
544:2019JArSR..27j1997S
500:2017QuInt.444....4F
435:2022NatSR..1216964P
313:2021NatCo..12.2175P
1012:. 109–110: 49–64.
707:American Antiquity
647:American Antiquity
423:Scientific Reports
191:Hippidion saldiasi
70:percussive flaking
25:
1155:978-3-030-92502-4
234:, the glyptodont
1205:
1182:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1039:
1030:
1029:
1001:
995:
994:
992:
960:
954:
953:
921:
910:
909:
899:
875:
869:
868:
836:
830:
829:
827:
795:
789:
788:
756:
747:
746:
698:
692:
685:
679:
678:
638:
629:
628:
610:
578:
572:
571:
523:
512:
511:
479:
473:
472:
462:
414:
401:
400:
360:
351:
350:
340:
292:
171:big-game hunting
133:Tierra del Fuego
74:pressure flaking
39:projectile point
30:, also known as
1213:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1130:
1126:
1091:
1087:
1040:
1033:
1002:
998:
961:
957:
922:
913:
876:
872:
837:
833:
796:
792:
757:
750:
719:10.2307/2694275
699:
695:
686:
682:
639:
632:
579:
575:
524:
515:
480:
476:
415:
404:
361:
354:
293:
280:
275:
113:Southern Brazil
34:are a style of
28:Fishtail points
17:
12:
11:
5:
1211:
1201:
1200:
1184:
1183:
1166:
1154:
1124:
1085:
1031:
996:
955:
911:
870:
831:
790:
748:
713:(2): 215–230.
693:
680:
653:(2): 376–386.
630:
573:
513:
474:
402:
352:
277:
276:
274:
271:
223:Scelidotherium
164:Clovis culture
86:spear throwers
43:Before Present
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1210:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1157:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1036:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
959:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
920:
918:
916:
907:
903:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
874:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
835:
826:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
794:
786:
782:
778:
774:
771:(1): 88–104.
770:
766:
762:
755:
753:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
697:
690:
684:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
637:
635:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
577:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
522:
520:
518:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
478:
470:
466:
461:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
413:
411:
409:
407:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
359:
357:
348:
344:
339:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
291:
289:
287:
285:
283:
278:
270:
268:
264:
263:
258:
256:
251:
250:
245:
244:
243:Equus neogeus
240:, the equine
239:
238:
233:
229:
228:
227:Glossotherium
224:
219:
218:
213:
212:
206:
205:
200:
199:
194:
192:
187:
182:
180:
176:
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:derives from
55:
50:
48:
47:Clovis points
44:
40:
37:
33:
29:
21:
1178:
1169:
1159:, retrieved
1137:
1127:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1071:11336/120270
1051:
1047:
1009:
999:
972:
968:
958:
933:
929:
887:
883:
873:
851:(1): 87–89.
848:
845:PaleoAmerica
844:
834:
807:
803:
793:
768:
765:PaleoAmerica
764:
710:
706:
696:
688:
683:
650:
646:
590:
586:
576:
535:
531:
491:
487:
477:
429:(1): 16964.
426:
422:
375:(1): 79–94.
372:
369:PaleoAmerica
368:
304:
300:
267:Hemiauchenia
266:
262:Hemiauchenia
260:
255:Macrauchenia
253:
247:
241:
235:
231:
221:
215:
209:
202:
196:
189:
186:Piedra Museo
183:
168:
137:
102:
51:
31:
27:
26:
990:11336/66912
975:: 142–156.
825:11336/66912
810:: 142–156.
307:(1): 2175.
117:Mato Grosso
54:Junius Bird
36:Paleoindian
32:Fell points
1161:2024-05-10
1105:: 107851.
1048:Quaternary
936:: 104338.
538:: 101997.
273:References
175:megafaunal
66:bifacially
58:Cueva Fell
1080:2571-550X
1054:(3): 28.
906:2055-0472
865:2055-5563
785:2055-5563
743:131210143
727:0002-7316
691:26:12–15.
675:163247912
667:0002-7316
625:225430302
617:1040-6182
593:: 47–72.
568:202898399
560:2352-409X
451:2045-2322
397:246217494
389:2055-5563
329:2041-1723
237:Glyptodon
158:(7%) and
152:quartzite
62:Patagonia
1192:Category
469:36284118
347:33846353
217:Lestodon
140:silcrete
125:Amazonas
94:scrapers
1107:Bibcode
1014:Bibcode
938:Bibcode
735:2694275
595:Bibcode
540:Bibcode
496:Bibcode
494:: 4–9.
460:9596454
431:Bibcode
338:8041891
309:Bibcode
269:tibia.
249:Toxodon
232:Mylodon
204:Mylodon
1152:
1078:
904:
863:
783:
741:
733:
725:
673:
665:
623:
615:
566:
558:
467:
457:
449:
395:
387:
345:
335:
327:
160:quartz
148:jasper
146:(10%)
105:Pampas
98:blades
90:burins
82:spears
78:hafted
1177:, in
890:(1).
739:S2CID
731:JSTOR
671:S2CID
621:S2CID
564:S2CID
393:S2CID
154:(7%)
150:(9%)
144:chert
129:Bahia
121:Goiás
109:Andes
1150:ISBN
1076:ISSN
902:ISSN
861:ISSN
781:ISSN
723:ISSN
663:ISSN
613:ISSN
556:ISSN
465:PMID
447:ISSN
385:ISSN
343:PMID
325:ISSN
230:and
214:and
198:Lama
156:opal
127:and
72:and
1142:doi
1115:doi
1103:298
1066:hdl
1056:doi
1022:doi
985:hdl
977:doi
946:doi
892:doi
853:doi
820:hdl
812:doi
773:doi
715:doi
655:doi
603:doi
591:578
548:doi
504:doi
492:444
455:PMC
439:doi
377:doi
333:PMC
317:doi
173:of
80:to
1194::
1148:,
1136:,
1113:.
1101:.
1097:.
1074:.
1064:.
1050:.
1046:.
1034:^
1020:.
1008:.
983:.
973:45
971:.
967:.
944:.
934:53
932:.
928:.
914:^
900:.
886:.
882:.
859:.
847:.
843:.
818:.
808:45
806:.
802:.
779:.
767:.
763:.
751:^
737:.
729:.
721:.
711:64
709:.
705:.
669:.
661:.
651:80
649:.
645:.
633:^
619:.
611:.
601:.
589:.
585:.
562:.
554:.
546:.
536:27
534:.
530:.
516:^
502:.
490:.
486:.
463:.
453:.
445:.
437:.
427:12
425:.
421:.
405:^
391:.
383:.
371:.
367:.
355:^
341:.
331:.
323:.
315:.
305:12
303:.
299:.
281:^
225:,
135:.
123:,
119:,
100:.
1144::
1121:.
1117::
1109::
1082:.
1068::
1058::
1052:2
1028:.
1024::
1016::
993:.
987::
979::
952:.
948::
940::
908:.
894::
888:3
867:.
855::
849:4
828:.
822::
814::
787:.
775::
769:1
745:.
717::
677:.
657::
627:.
605::
597::
570:.
550::
542::
510:.
506::
498::
471:.
441::
433::
399:.
379::
373:8
349:.
319::
311::
257:,
193:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
