786:
1081:(formerly known as mitochondrion-rich cells or as chloride cells) are responsible for maintaining optimal osmotic, ionic, and acid-base levels within the fish. Ionocytes are typically found within adult gills. However, embryonic and larval fishes often lack or have underdeveloped gills. Instead, ionocytes are found along the skin, yolk sac, and fins of the larva. As growth progresses and the gill becomes more developed, ionocytes can be found on the gill arch and gill filament. In larval fishes, the number, size, and density of ionocytes can be quantified as a relative ionocyte area, which has been proposed as a proxy for osmotic, ionic, and/or acid-base capacity of the organism. Ionocytes are also known to be plastic. Ionocyte's apical openings can widen during periods of high activity, and new ionocytes can develop along the gill lamellae during periods of environmental stress. Due to the abundant presence of
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1217:(MPAs) were established off the coast of Hawaii. Now, through the process of larval drift, fish from the MPAs are establishing themselves in different locations, and the fishery is recovering. "We've clearly shown that fish larvae that were spawned inside marine reserves can drift with currents and replenish fished areas long distances away," said one of the authors, the
1436:
2040:
812:
In addition to net tows, plankton is collected while the research vessel is moving using a
Continuous Underway Fish Egg Sampler, or CUFES. Water is pumped aboard the vessel from 3 m depth at 640 liters/min. The water is sent through a concentrator where it passes through a net, and the plankton is
705:
can be detected more rapidly and sensitively by monitoring the ichthyoplankton associated with them, compared to monitoring the adults themselves. It is also usually easier and more cost effective to sample trends in egg and larva populations than to sample trends in adult fish populations.
654:, meaning they cannot swim effectively under their own power, but must drift with the ocean currents. Fish eggs cannot swim at all, and are unambiguously planktonic. Early stage larvae swim poorly, but later stage larvae swim better and cease to be planktonic as they grow into
1209:, because when a larva of this fish find a suitable reef it stays in the general area for the rest of its life. Thus, it is only as drifting larvae that the fish can migrate significant distances from where they are born. The tropical yellow tang is much sought after by the
882:
Plankton pumps: Another method of collecting ichthyoplankton is to use a
Continuous Underway Fish Egg Sampler (see illustration). Water from a depth of about three metres is pumped onto the vessel and filtered with a net. This method can be used while the vessel is
674:(for nourishment) and are very different in appearance from juvenile and adult specimens. The larval period in oviparous fish is relatively short (usually only several weeks), and larvae rapidly grow and change appearance and structure (a process termed
1970:
Varsamos, Stamatis; Diaz, Jean Pierre; Charmantier, Guy; Flik, Gert; Blasco, Claudine; Connes, Robert (15 June 2002). "Branchial chloride cells in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) adapted to fresh water, seawater, and doubly concentrated seawater".
1856:
Varsamos, Stamatis; Diaz, Jean; Charmantier, Guy; Blasco, Claudine; Connes, Robert; Flik, Gert (1 June 2002). "Location and morphology of chloride cells during the post-embryonic development of the european sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax".
718:
in the sea, and that they could trap them with fine-mesh nets. They started describing these microorganisms and testing different net configurations. Ichthyoplankton research started in 1864 when the
Norwegian government commissioned the
1150:
in a herring spawning area with 20,000 herring eggs in their stomachs, and concluded that they could prey on half of the total egg production. Fish also cannibalise their own eggs. For example, separate studies found northern anchovy
1201:
at a distant location. This finding demonstrates, for the first time, what scientists have long suspected but have never proven, that fish populations can be connected to distant populations through the process of larval drift.
1010:
The larval stage can be further subdivided into preflexion, flexion, and postflexion stages. In many species, the body shape and fin rays, as well as the ability to move and feed, develops most rapidly during the flexion
785:
665:
Fish can produce high numbers of eggs which are often released into the open water column. Fish eggs typically have a diameter of about 1 millimetre (0.039 in). The newly hatched young of oviparous fish are called
813:
diverted to a collector. While CUFES is running, a data logger is recording the date, time, and position for each sample as well as other environmental data from the ship's sensors (e.g. wind speed, direction, SST).
738:, living in the open water column like other plankton. Around the beginning of the twentieth century, research interest in ichthyoplankton became more general when it emerged that, if ichthyoplankton was sampled
1717:
Evans, David H.; Piermarini, Peter M.; Choe, Keith P. (January 2005). "The
Multifunctional Fish Gill: Dominant Site of Gas Exchange, Osmoregulation, Acid-Base Regulation, and Excretion of Nitrogenous Waste".
877:
After the tow the plankton is flushed with a hose to the cod end (bottom) of the net for collection. The sample is then placed in preservative fluid prior to being sorted and identified in a laboratory.
892:
Ichthyoplankton researchers generally use the terminology and development stages introduced in 1984 by
Kendall and others. This consists of three main developmental stages and two transitional stages.
689:. For instance, most late stage larvae in ichthyoplankton have usually been preyed on, so ichthyoplankton tends to be dominated by eggs and early stage larvae. This means that when fish, such as
1276:
851:
tows and Tucker trawls utilize multiple nets that are mechanically opened and closed at discrete depths in order to provide insights into the vertical distribution of the plankton
841:
from a moving vessel. The net is often lowered to about 200 metres and then allowed to rise to the surface as it is towed. In this way, a sample can be collected across the whole
1170:
The most effective predators are about ten times as long as the larvae they prey on. This is true regardless of whether the predator is a crustacean, a jellyfish, or a fish.
834:
Ring net tows involve a nylon mesh net fitted to a circular frame. These have largely been replaced by bongo nets, which provide duplicate samples with their dual-net design.
805:
collect ichthyoplankton from the ocean using fine mesh nets. The vessels either tow the nets through the sea or pump sea water onboard and then pass it through the net.
701:, ichthyoplankton samples can reflect their spawning output and provide an index of relative population size for the fish. Increases or decreases in the number of adult
1654:
1022:
Starts with all the fin rays being present and scale growth underway, and completes when the juvenile becomes sexually mature or starts interacting with other adults.
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The PairoVET tow, used for collecting fish eggs, drops a net about 70 metres into the sea from a stationary research vessel and then drags it back to the vessel.
1292:
2079:
Purcell, J. E., and Grover, J. J. (1990) "Predation and food limitation as causes of mortality in larval herring at a spawning ground in
British Columbia".
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550:
953:
Salmon egg hatching. The larva has broken through and is discarding the egg envelope. In about 24hrs it will absorb the remaining yolk sac and become a
1194:
for short distances. Later they develop an ability to swim horizontally for much longer distances. These swimming developments affect their dispersal.
1138:. Because they are so abundant, marine invertebrates inflict high overall mortality rates. Adult fish also prey on fish eggs and larvae. For example,
1399:
1680:
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Mark Hixon. "This is a direct observation, not just a model, that successful marine reserves can sustain fisheries beyond their borders."
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that eat smaller plankton, while fish eggs carry their own food supply. Both eggs and larvae are themselves eaten by larger animals.
1761:
Varsamos, Stamatis; Nebel, Catherine; Charmantier, Guy (August 2005). "Ontogeny of osmoregulation in postembryonic fish: A review".
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2261:"Epigenesis of an epigeneticist: the development of some alternative concepts on the early ontogeny and evolution of fishes
4213:
1264:
1419:
714:
Interest in plankton originated in
Britain and Germany in the nineteenth century when researchers discovered there were
2534:
2146:"Vulnerability of fish eggs and larvae to predation: review of the influence of the relative size of prey and predator"
1803:"Ontogenetic changes in cutaneous and branchial ionocytes and morphology in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) larvae"
4243:
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stage because there are aspects, such as those to do with the egg envelope, that are not just embryonic aspects.
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2061:
Size-dependent vulnerability of marine fish larvae to predation: an individual-based numerical experiment"
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net tows are often made at or just below the surface using a nylon mesh net fitted to a rectangular frame
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17:
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83:
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of fish is regulated by larval fish survival. Survival is regulated by prey abundance, predation, and
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678:) to become juveniles. During this transition larvae must switch from their yolk sac to feeding on
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prey, a process which depends on typically inadequate zooplankton density, starving many larvae.
530:
499:
176:
1801:
Kwan, Garfield T.; Wexler, Jeanne B.; Wegner, Nicholas C.; Tresguerres, Martin (February 2019).
1197:
In 2010, a group of scientists reported that fish larvae can drift on ocean currents and reseed
1110:. Fish eggs and larvae are eaten by many marine organisms. For example, they may be fed upon by
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2017:
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Cowen RK, CB Paris and A Srinivasan (2006) "Scaling of connectivity in marine populations".
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Christie MR, Tissot BN, Albins MA, Beets3 JP, Jia Y, Ortiz DL, Thompson SE, Hixon MA (2010)
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trade. By the late 1990s, their stocks were collapsing, so in an attempt to save them nine
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tows a net from a moving vessel along the surface of the water, collecting larvae, such as
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198:
60:
Fish produce many eggs, typically about 1mm across, and usually release them into the open
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8:
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Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
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1996:
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2247:"Eggs and larvae of fishes and their role in systematic investigations in fisheries"
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1980:
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166:
125:
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93:
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encourage a spawning female and discharge sperm to externally fertilize her eggs
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1908:
Kwan, Garfield; Finnerty, Shane; Wegner, Nicholas; Tresguerres, Martin (2019).
1774:
1731:
1157:) were responsible for 28% of the mortality in their own egg population, while
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1992:
1935:
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715:
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402:
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101:
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3001:
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2041:"Predation on eggs and larvae of marine fishes and the recruitment problem"
2000:
1953:
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1502:
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120:
115:
61:
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Freshly hatched herring larva in a drop of water compared to a match head.
935:
eggs. The growing larvae can be seen through the transparent egg envelope.
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106:
2292:
The Big Fish Bang: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Larval Fish
Conference
685:
Ichthyoplankton can be a useful indicator of the state and health of an
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32:
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1984:
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eggs, drifting in the water. This established that fish eggs could be
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Larval
Connectivity in an Effective Network of Marine Protected Areas
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1283:
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with Na+/K+-ATPase immunostained in brown to identify its ionocytes
1061:
926:
698:
671:
266:
75:
2018:"The significance and prediction of predation in marine fisheries"
1910:"Quantification of Cutaneous Ionocytes in Small Aquatic Organisms"
1085:
in the basolateral membrane, ionocytes can often be located using
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4741:
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4731:
4276:
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3061:
2800:
2326:
Chap. 4. pp. 88–111. In: L.A. Fuiman and R.G. Werner (eds.)
2276:
Tropical estuarine fishes: ecology, exploitation and conservation
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Drifting Fish Larvae Allow Marine Reserves to Rebuild Fisheries
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can drift more than 100 miles and reseed in a distant location.
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around the Norwegian coast. Sars found fish eggs, particularly
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261:
223:
55:
2417:
Fishery science: the unique contributions of early life stages
2328:
Fishery Science: The unique contributions of early life stages
1606:
Allen, Dr. Larry G.; Horn, Dr. Michael H. (15 February 2006).
4817:
4746:
4156:
3423:
1907:
1855:
1299:
1190:
Fish larvae develop first an ability to swim up and down the
1135:
970:
Spawning to hatching. This stage is used instead of using an
667:
1609:
The Ecology of Marine Fishes: California and Adjacent Waters
4719:
4306:
3859:
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3479:
3234:
2512:
2116:
Santander, H.; Alheit, J.; MacCall, A.D.; Alamo, A. (1983)
1969:
1800:
1492:
1410:
642:, less than 200 metres deep, which is sometimes called the
46:
1698:"Early life history stages of fishes and their characters"
4758:
4326:
3611:
3301:
1147:
731:
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of fish. They are mostly found in the sunlit zone of the
2362:
Page 286–295. In: JH Steele, SA Thorpe and KK Turekian,
1760:
3819:
3270:
2415:
Pages 183–205. In: Lee A. Fuiman and Robert G. Werner,
742:, then the samples could indicate the relative size or
1045:
is complete when the larva develops the features of a
27:
Eggs and larvae of fish that drift in the water column
2344:
Early life history and recruitment in fish population
2290:
Browman, Howard I. and Skiftesvik, Anne Berit (2003)
1701:
American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
1298:
Within days, the vulnerable goldfish eggs hatch into
944:
Developmental stages according to Kendall et al. 1984
2460:
Recent advances in the study of fish eggs and larvae
2413:"Assemblages, Communities, and Species Interactions"
2250:
Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes
1612:. University of California Press. pp. 269–319.
1161:
were responsible for 10% and South African anchovy (
2477:
Guides and keys to larval and early juvenile fishes
2245:Ahlstrom, Elbert H. and Moser, H. Geoffrey (1976)
2122:) caused by cannibalism and predation by sardines (
1716:
2380:Identification of Eggs and Larvae of Marine Fishes
2149:Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
990:has started (squamation). A key event is when the
4962:
670:. They are usually poorly formed, carry a large
2394:Miller, Bruce S. and Kendall, Arthur W. (2009)
2223:
2221:
2219:
2163:
2161:
1696:Kendall Jr AW, Ahlstrom EH and Moser HG (1984)
1270:Salmon eggs in different stages of development.
2305:Finn, Roderick Nigel and Kapoor, B. G. (2008)
2096:Johannessen, A. (1980) "Predation on herring (
3835:
3286:
2528:
592:
2504:Salmon Eggs Hatching at the Seymour Hatchery
2216:
2158:
1033:From hatching to absorption of the yolk-sac
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1205:The fish they chose to investigate was the
3842:
3828:
3293:
3279:
2535:
2521:
1541:. New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall College.
918:. The black spots are the eyes developing.
599:
585:
4387:Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water
2059:Cowan Jr JH, Houde ED and Rose KA (1996)
2035:
2033:
1943:
1925:
1692:
1690:
1632:
1605:
2144:Paradis AR, Pepin P and Brown JA (1996)
1588:
1484:– an online database for ichthyoplankton
1243:eggs about one month after fertilization
1177:
1142:were observed satiating themselves with
1065:
1026:
963:
948:
807:
31:
2118:Egg mortality of the Peruvian anchovy (
2039:Bailey, K. M., and Houde, E. D. (1989)
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1536:
1146:eggs back in 1922. Another study found
887:
14:
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2322:Cowan, J.H., Jr. and R.F. Shaw (2002)
2112:
2110:
2030:
2012:
2010:
1687:
1560:
1558:
818:There are many types of plankton tows:
3823:
3274:
2516:
2479:Warner College of Natural Resources,
1965:
1963:
837:The bongo tow drags nets shaped like
3802:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1678:Southwest Fisheries Science Center,
1660:
845:where most ichthyoplankton is found.
4943:
4214:Electroreception and electrogenesis
2496:Presentation by Yoshinobu Konishi,
2397:Early life history of marine fishes
2279:John Wiley and Sons, Page 153–156.
2107:
2007:
1807:Journal of Comparative Physiology B
1555:
753:
24:
2494:Ichthyoplankton Survey Methodology
2431:Ichthyoplankton Information System
2341:Chambers RC and Trippel EA (1997)
1960:
1626:
1572:. 3 September 2007. Archived from
1570:Southwest Fisheries Science Center
1405:Early stage herring larvae imaged
25:
5002:
2487:
1789:
1055:
1002:side of the spinal cord develops
4942:
4931:
4930:
4913:
4912:
3938:
3801:
3790:
3789:
2639:
2400:University of California Press.
1676:Ichthyoplankton sampling methods
1434:
1418:
1398:
1386:
1381:eggs, with a newly hatched larva
1371:
1354:
1339:
1324:
1309:
1291:
1275:
1263:
1248:
1231:
925:
903:
784:
772:
760:
566:
565:
82:
3898:Environmental impact of fishing
2188:
2138:
2090:
2073:
2053:
1973:Journal of Experimental Zoology
1901:
1849:
2377:Kendall Jr., Arthur W. (2011)
2294:Institute of Marine Research.
2081:Marine Ecology Progress Series
2021:ICES Journal of Marine Science
1754:
1710:
1530:
1302:, and rapidly develop into fry
986:are present and the growth of
658:. Fish larvae are part of the
13:
1:
2571:High lipid content microalgae
2273:Blaber, Stephen J. M. (2000)
2239:
1041:From larva to juvenile. This
455:Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt
3983:intramembranous ossification
2542:
2184:10.1371/journal.pone.0015715
1462:Continuous Plankton Recorder
1173:
1037:
1029:
1016:
978:
966:
791:Retrieving a plankton sample
626:
620:
7:
3170:Fish diseases and parasites
2681:Photosynthetic picoplankton
2444:American Fisheries Society
1566:"What are Ichthyoplankton?"
1449:
1092:
184:Photosynthetic picoplankton
10:
5007:
4362:Fin and flipper locomotion
4332:Sequential hermaphroditism
4219:Jamming avoidance response
3936:
3160:Dimethylsulfoniopropionate
2661:Heterotrophic picoplankton
2441:Early life history section
2264:Guelph Ichthyology Reviews
2100:) eggs and young larvae".
2044:Advances in Marine Biology
1775:10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.01.013
1732:10.1152/physrev.00050.2003
1425:A 2.7mm long larva of the
1224:
1096:
1059:
870:which live at the surface.
795:
709:
153:Heterotrophic picoplankton
37:Diagram of a fish egg: A.
4926:
4850:
4783:
4690:
4652:
4643:
4582:
4513:
4400:
4352:
4262:
4187:
3947:
3857:
3785:
3660:
3507:
3472:
3381:
3343:
3317:
3308:
3215:Marine primary production
3112:
3060:
2997:
2988:
2931:
2886:
2791:
2782:
2704:
2648:
2637:
2550:
2481:Colorado State University
2453:Colorado State University
2433:Alaska Fisheries Center,
1871:10.1007/s00429-002-0231-3
1819:10.1007/s00360-018-1187-9
1684:. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
1640:Norsk biografisk leksikon
1539:Introductory Oceanography
1040:
1032:
1021:
969:
947:
942:
897:
510:Marine primary production
3849:
3300:
3135:Algal nutrient solutions
2877:Thalassiosira pseudonana
2749:Flavobacterium columnare
2736:Enteric redmouth disease
2259:Balon, Eugene K. (1990)
1524:
982:From hatching until all
624:, "fish"; and πλαγκτός,
4976:Biological oceanography
4878:Glossary of ichthyology
4440:Diel vertical migration
3155:Diel vertical migration
2671:Microphyte (microalgae)
2656:Eukaryotic picoplankton
2601:Paradox of the plankton
2419:, John Wiley and Sons.
2330:, John Wiley and Sons.
2208:10.1126/science.1122039
1927:10.21769/BioProtoc.3227
1537:Thurman, H. V. (1997).
1518:Video plankton recorder
1513:Stable ocean hypothesis
531:Paradox of the plankton
500:Diel vertical migration
4244:Surface wave detection
4209:Hydrodynamic reception
3883:Diseases and parasites
3017:Gelatinous zooplankton
2450:Larval Fish Laboratory
2308:Fish larval physiology
1859:Anatomy and Embryology
1703:, Special publication
1215:marine protected areas
1187:
1164:Engraulis encrasicolus
1075:
1030:Yolk-sac larval stage
958:
814:
650:. Ichthyoplankton are
378:Gelatinous zooplankton
64:
4382:Undulatory locomotion
4199:Ampullae of Lorenzini
3210:Marine microorganisms
2980:Velvet (fish disease)
2715:Aeromonas salmonicida
2581:Marine microorganisms
2135:(2-3): 443–453. Rome.
1720:Physiological Reviews
1488:Marine larval ecology
1181:
1099:Marine larval ecology
1070:Three-day-old larval
1069:
1038:Transformation stage
952:
811:
630:, "drifter") are the
35:
4610:Genetically modified
3695:Egg drop competition
2962:Pfiesteria piscicida
2762:Marine bacteriophage
2666:Marine microplankton
2466:4 March 2016 at the
2129:FAO Fisheries Report
1112:marine invertebrates
1087:immunohistochemistry
1027:Transitional stages
1006:(becomes flexible).
994:associated with the
888:Developmental stages
435:Cyanobacterial bloom
199:Marine microplankton
4415:Aquatic respiration
4302:Life history theory
3205:Ocean acidification
3140:Artificial seawater
2907:Coscinodiscophyceae
2773:Streptococcus iniae
2756:Pelagibacter ubique
2311:Science Publishers.
2233:, 26 December 2010.
1576:on 18 February 2018
519:Ocean fertilization
440:Harmful algal bloom
358:Freshwater plankton
70:Part of a series on
51:perivitelline space
4254:Weberian apparatus
3690:Egg-and-spoon race
3517:List of egg dishes
3330:Fish and amphibian
3311:List of egg topics
2366:, Academic Press.
1188:
1182:The larvae of the
1159:Peruvian anchoveta
1076:
959:
815:
460:Great Calcite Belt
65:
49:D. oil globule E.
39:vitelline membrane
4981:Fish reproduction
4958:
4957:
4868:Fish common names
4779:
4778:
4410:Aquatic predation
4234:Capacity for pain
3963:Age determination
3817:
3816:
3750:Ovo vegetarianism
3268:
3267:
3108:
3107:
3095:Siphonostomatoida
3090:Poecilostomatoida
3042:Crustacean larvae
2946:Choanoflagellates
2927:
2926:
2917:Bacillariophyceae
2912:Fragilariophyceae
2831:Emiliania huxleyi
2676:Nanophytoplankton
2596:Milky seas effect
2425:978-0-632-05661-3
2411:Miller TJ (2002)
2406:978-0-520-24972-1
2389:978-4-486-03758-3
2372:978-0-08-096480-5
2353:978-0-412-64190-9
2336:978-0-632-05661-3
2300:978-82-7461-059-0
2285:978-0-632-05655-2
2202:(5760): 522–527.
2120:Engraulis ringens
2064:ICES J. Mar. Sci.
1985:10.1002/jez.10099
1548:978-0-13-262072-7
1467:Crustacean larvae
1240:Coregonus maraena
1053:
1052:
1012:
687:aquatic ecosystem
609:
608:
465:Milky seas effect
172:Nanophytoplankton
16:(Redirected from
4998:
4946:
4945:
4934:
4933:
4916:
4915:
4650:
4649:
3942:
3873:Ethnoichthyology
3844:
3837:
3830:
3821:
3820:
3805:
3804:
3793:
3792:
3547:Custard desserts
3295:
3288:
3281:
3272:
3271:
3022:Hunting copepods
2995:
2994:
2820:Chaetocerotaceae
2789:
2788:
2706:Bacterioplankton
2643:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2358:Houde ED (2010)
2234:
2225:
2214:
2192:
2186:
2165:
2156:
2142:
2136:
2114:
2105:
2094:
2088:
2077:
2071:
2057:
2051:
2037:
2028:
2014:
2005:
2004:
1967:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1929:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1798:
1787:
1786:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1714:
1708:
1694:
1685:
1673:
1658:
1655:Google Translate
1652:
1650:
1648:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1603:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1534:
1508:Spawning trigger
1438:
1422:
1402:
1390:
1379:Atlantic herring
1375:
1358:
1343:
1328:
1313:
1295:
1279:
1267:
1252:
1235:
1219:marine biologist
1154:Engraulis mordax
1009:
929:
907:
895:
894:
803:Research vessels
788:
776:
764:
754:Sampling methods
721:marine biologist
629:
623:
601:
594:
587:
574:
569:
568:
230:coccolithophores
167:Microzooplankton
126:Bacterioplankton
86:
67:
66:
21:
5006:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4971:Aquatic ecology
4961:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4922:
4846:
4775:
4686:
4639:
4578:
4509:
4402:
4396:
4348:
4292:Ichthyoplankton
4258:
4190:
4183:
4179:Digital Library
4174:Teleost leptins
4113:Shark cartilage
4037:pharyngeal slit
4032:pharyngeal arch
3968:Anguilliformity
3953:
3951:
3943:
3934:
3853:
3848:
3818:
3813:
3781:
3656:
3503:
3468:
3404:Ichthyoplankton
3377:
3339:
3313:
3304:
3299:
3269:
3264:
3195:Marine mucilage
3150:Biological pump
3104:
3056:
3027:Ichthyoplankton
2984:
2951:Dinoflagellates
2923:
2882:
2853:Nannochloropsis
2837:Eustigmatophyte
2825:Coccolithophore
2778:
2700:
2644:
2635:
2566:CLAW hypothesis
2546:
2541:
2490:
2468:Wayback Machine
2383:東海大学出版会, 2011.
2256:(3-4): 379–398.
2242:
2237:
2226:
2217:
2193:
2189:
2166:
2159:
2155::(6) 1226–1235.
2143:
2139:
2124:Sardinops sagax
2115:
2108:
2098:Clupea harengus
2095:
2091:
2078:
2074:
2058:
2054:
2038:
2031:
2015:
2008:
1968:
1961:
1906:
1902:
1854:
1850:
1799:
1790:
1759:
1755:
1715:
1711:
1695:
1688:
1674:
1661:
1646:
1644:
1633:Geir Hestmark.
1631:
1627:
1620:
1604:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1452:
1445:
1439:
1430:
1423:
1414:
1403:
1394:
1391:
1382:
1376:
1365:
1362:Common sturgeon
1359:
1350:
1344:
1335:
1329:
1320:
1314:
1303:
1296:
1287:
1280:
1271:
1268:
1259:
1253:
1244:
1236:
1227:
1176:
1101:
1095:
1064:
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940:
939:
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930:
921:
920:
919:
908:
890:
800:
792:
789:
780:
777:
768:
765:
756:
726:to investigate
712:
612:Ichthyoplankton
605:
564:
557:
556:
555:
514:
490:CLAW hypothesis
479:
471:
470:
469:
419:
409:
408:
407:
388:Ichthyoplankton
372:
364:
363:
362:
353:
337:Marine plankton
332:
317:
309:
308:
307:
298:
289:
273:
253:
241:
235:dinoflagellates
226:
213:
205:
204:
203:
157:
147:
137:
136:
135:
111:
96:
59:
58:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5004:
4994:
4993:
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4978:
4973:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4940:
4927:
4924:
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4905:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4854:
4852:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4696:
4694:
4692:Wild fisheries
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4658:
4656:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4615:Hallucinogenic
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4520:
4518:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4490:Schooling fish
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4450:Filter feeders
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4425:Bottom feeders
4422:
4417:
4412:
4406:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4356:
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4345:
4344:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4268:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4071:Leydig's organ
4068:
4067:
4066:
4064:pharyngeal jaw
4061:
4051:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4017:branchial arch
4009:
4008:
4007:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3970:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3945:
3944:
3937:
3935:
3933:
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3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3885:
3880:
3875:
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3864:
3862:
3855:
3854:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3824:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3799:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3760:Vegreville egg
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
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3682:
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3672:
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3614:
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3579:
3574:
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3564:
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3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3487:
3482:
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3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
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3411:
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3401:
3396:
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3385:
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3378:
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3375:
3370:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3275:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3220:Pseudoplankton
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3116:
3114:
3113:Related topics
3110:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3062:Copepod orders
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2970:
2965:
2958:
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2943:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2868:
2866:Prasinophyceae
2863:
2856:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2742:Flavobacterium
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2710:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
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2645:
2638:
2636:
2634:
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2628:
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2613:
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2603:
2598:
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2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2501:
2498:SEAFDEC-MFRDMD
2489:
2488:External links
2486:
2485:
2484:
2474:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2428:
2409:
2392:
2375:
2364:Marine Biology
2356:
2339:
2320:
2303:
2288:
2271:
2257:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2215:
2187:
2157:
2137:
2106:
2089:
2072:
2052:
2029:
2016:Bax NJ (1998)
2006:
1959:
1900:
1865:(3): 203–213.
1848:
1788:
1769:(4): 401–429.
1753:
1709:
1686:
1659:
1643:(in Norwegian)
1625:
1618:
1587:
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1547:
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1305:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1262:
1260:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1237:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1175:
1172:
1094:
1091:
1057:
1056:Skin ionocytes
1054:
1051:
1050:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1018:Juvenile stage
1014:
1013:
1007:
980:
976:
975:
968:
965:
961:
960:
946:
941:
931:
924:
923:
922:
909:
902:
901:
900:
899:
898:
889:
886:
885:
884:
879:
878:
874:
873:
872:
871:
852:
846:
835:
832:
829:
820:
819:
794:
793:
790:
783:
781:
778:
771:
769:
766:
759:
755:
752:
740:quantitatively
716:microorganisms
711:
708:
607:
606:
604:
603:
596:
589:
581:
578:
577:
576:
575:
559:
558:
554:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
527:
526:
515:
513:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
481:
480:
478:Related topics
477:
476:
473:
472:
468:
467:
462:
457:
452:
450:Eutrophication
447:
442:
437:
432:
430:Critical depth
427:
421:
420:
415:
414:
411:
410:
406:
405:
400:
398:Pseudoplankton
395:
390:
385:
380:
374:
373:
370:
369:
366:
365:
361:
360:
354:
352:
351:
350:
349:
344:
333:
331:
330:
325:
319:
318:
315:
314:
311:
310:
306:
305:
299:
297:
296:
290:
288:
287:
286:
285:
274:
272:
271:
270:
269:
264:
259:
257:foraminiferans
254:
242:
240:
239:
238:
237:
232:
227:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:
202:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
180:
179:
169:
164:
158:
156:
155:
149:
148:
143:
142:
139:
138:
134:
133:
128:
123:
118:
112:
110:
109:
104:
98:
97:
92:
91:
88:
87:
79:
78:
72:
71:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5003:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4951:
4950:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4919:
4918:more lists...
4911:
4909:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4873:Fish families
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4858:Aquarium life
4856:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4841:
4840:fleshy-finned
4838:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4808:Cartilaginous
4806:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4512:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4445:Electric fish
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4076:Mauthner cell
4074:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3995:Chromatophore
3993:
3991:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3845:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3831:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3810:
3809:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3745:Organizations
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3720:Humpty Dumpty
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3439:Ovoviviparity
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3345:Fossil record
3342:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3291:
3289:
3284:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3230:Tychoplankton
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3200:Microbial mat
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:Monstrilloida
3083:
3081:
3080:Harpacticoida
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:Marine larvae
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2888:Diatom orders
2885:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2807:Bacteriastrum
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2784:Phytoplankton
2781:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:Cyanobacteria
2719:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Picoeukaryote
2689:
2687:
2686:Picobiliphyte
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2473:, 70S2: 2006.
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2360:"Fish Larvae"
2357:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2324:"Recruitment"
2321:
2318:
2317:9781578083886
2314:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2232:
2231:ScienceDaily
2229:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2141:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2113:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1966:
1964:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1726:(1): 97–177.
1725:
1721:
1713:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1656:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1629:
1621:
1619:9780520932470
1615:
1611:
1610:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1550:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1443:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1427:ocean sunfish
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1273:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1185:
1180:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:marine snails
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1072:white seabass
1068:
1063:
1048:
1047:juvenile fish
1044:
1043:metamorphosis
1036:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
979:Larval stage
977:
973:
962:
956:
951:
945:
934:
928:
917:
913:
906:
896:
893:
881:
880:
876:
875:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
850:
847:
844:
840:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
823:
822:
821:
817:
816:
810:
806:
804:
799:
787:
782:
775:
770:
763:
758:
757:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
722:
717:
707:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
676:metamorphosis
673:
669:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
622:
617:
614:(from Greek:
613:
602:
597:
595:
590:
588:
583:
582:
580:
579:
573:
563:
562:
561:
560:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
525:
522:
521:
520:
517:
516:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
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493:
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486:
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482:
475:
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466:
463:
461:
458:
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453:
451:
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446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
422:
418:
413:
412:
404:
403:Tychoplankton
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
368:
367:
359:
356:
355:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
338:
335:
334:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
313:
312:
304:
301:
300:
295:
292:
291:
284:
283:cyanobacteria
281:
280:
279:
276:
275:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
252:
249:
248:
247:
244:
243:
236:
233:
231:
228:
225:
222:
221:
220:
217:
216:
209:
208:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
189:Picoeukaryote
187:
185:
182:
178:
175:
174:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
159:
154:
151:
150:
146:
141:
140:
132:
131:Virioplankton
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
113:
108:
105:
103:
102:Phytoplankton
100:
99:
95:
90:
89:
85:
81:
80:
77:
74:
73:
69:
68:
63:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
34:
30:
19:
4947:
4935:
4835:spiny-finned
4784:Major groups
4505:Intelligence
4485:Scale eaters
4430:Cleaner fish
4312:Mouthbrooder
4291:
4264:Reproduction
4239:Schreckstoff
4224:Lateral line
4140:Swim bladder
4130:Spiral valve
4059:hyomandibula
4042:pseudobranch
3925:Hypoxia in -
3806:
3794:
3587:Onsen tamago
3403:
3225:Stromatolite
3120:Aeroplankton
3047:Salmon louse
3026:
3002:Chaetognatha
2974:Symbiodinium
2972:
2960:
2875:
2871:Raphidophyte
2858:
2851:
2847:Stramenopile
2829:
2812:
2805:
2771:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2713:
2696:Picoplankton
2621:Spring bloom
2591:Mycoplankton
2586:Meroplankton
2576:Holoplankton
2506:
2497:
2480:
2470:
2459:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2416:
2396:
2379:
2363:
2343:
2327:
2307:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2249:
2230:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2175:
2171:
2152:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2024:
2020:
1979:(1): 12–26.
1976:
1972:
1920:(9): e3227.
1917:
1914:Bio-Protocol
1913:
1903:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1813:(1): 81–95.
1810:
1806:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1679:
1645:. Retrieved
1638:
1635:"G. O. Sars"
1628:
1608:
1578:. Retrieved
1574:the original
1569:
1538:
1532:
1503:Spawning bed
1429:, Mola mola,
1406:
1347:Bluefin tuna
1238:
1204:
1196:
1192:water column
1189:
1169:
1163:
1153:
1102:
1077:
964:Main stages
943:
914:(eggs) of a
891:
801:
798:Plankton net
767:PairoVET tow
746:of spawning
713:
684:
664:
640:water column
611:
610:
445:Spring bloom
393:Meroplankton
387:
383:Holoplankton
323:Aeroplankton
251:radiolarians
194:Picoplankton
121:Mycoplankton
116:Mixoplankton
94:Trophic mode
62:water column
29:
4991:Planktology
4986:Ichthyology
4949:WikiProject
4908:Prehistoric
4892:Threatened
4583:Other types
4480:Sardine run
4455:Forage fish
4435:Corallivory
4287:Development
4272:Bubble nest
4145:physoclisti
4135:Suckermouth
4108:Root effect
3930:Ichthyology
3705:Fabergé egg
3190:Manta trawl
3175:Heterotroph
3125:Algaculture
2990:Zooplankton
2933:Flagellates
2814:Chaetoceros
2767:SAR11 clade
2626:Thin layers
2611:Planktology
2606:Planktivore
2561:Algal bloom
2070:(1): 23–37.
2027:: 997–1030.
1317:Pacific cod
1207:yellow tang
1199:fish stocks
1184:yellow tang
1120:arrow worms
1104:Recruitment
1083:Na/K-ATPase
988:fish scales
868:flying fish
856:manta trawl
843:photic zone
839:bongo drums
748:fish stocks
703:fish stocks
680:zooplankton
660:zooplankton
648:photic zone
546:Thin layers
541:Planktology
536:Planktivore
485:Algaculture
425:Algal bloom
371:Other types
342:prokaryotes
328:Geoplankton
212:By taxonomy
107:Zooplankton
18:Fish larvae
4965:Categories
4564:Groundfish
4559:Freshwater
4554:Euryhaline
4539:Coral reef
4475:Salmon run
4465:Paedophagy
4367:Amphibious
4354:Locomotion
4162:pharyngeal
4150:physostome
4103:Photophore
4049:Glossohyal
4022:gill raker
4005:dorsal fin
3955:physiology
3715:HowToBasic
3710:Free range
3685:Easter egg
3680:Decorating
3662:In culture
3552:Deep fried
3473:Components
3353:Cephalopod
3185:Macroalgae
3145:Autotrophs
3075:Cyclopoida
3012:Ctenophora
2941:Brevetoxin
2731:Cyanotoxin
2726:Cyanobiont
2347:Springer.
2240:References
2104:1980/H:33.
1498:Salmon run
1482:LarvalBase
1114:, such as
1097:See also:
1060:See also:
967:Egg stage
796:See also:
724:G. O. Sars
652:planktonic
644:epipelagic
316:By habitat
246:Protozoans
177:calcareous
162:Microalgae
4813:chimaeras
4700:Predatory
4677:Salmonids
4635:Whitefish
4625:Poisonous
4600:Diversity
4534:Coldwater
4470:Predatory
4460:Migratory
4420:Bait ball
4403:behaviour
4322:Pregnancy
4317:Polyandry
4091:papillare
4086:Operculum
4081:Meristics
4027:gill slit
3990:Cleithrum
3920:Fish kill
3910:Fear of -
3903:- as food
3893:Fisheries
3878:Evolution
3868:Diversity
3670:Balancing
3632:Scrambled
3444:Ovulation
3434:Oviparity
3414:Oogenesis
3373:Pathology
3335:Monotreme
3130:Algal mat
3070:Calanoida
3052:Sea louse
3032:Jellyfish
3007:Ciguatera
2968:Saxitoxin
2956:Flagellum
2905:Classes:
2896:Centrales
2796:Auxospore
2471:Sci. Mar.
2102:ICES C.M.
1993:0022-104X
1936:2331-8325
1879:0340-2061
1827:0174-1578
1740:0031-9333
1174:Dispersal
1128:amphipods
1124:jellyfish
1108:hydrology
1079:Ionocytes
992:notochord
972:embryonic
916:clownfish
883:underway.
864:mahi-mahi
779:Bongo tow
744:abundance
728:fisheries
691:anchovies
656:juveniles
4937:Category
4888:Smallest
4801:lampreys
4764:flatfish
4754:Demersal
4710:mackerel
4705:billfish
4645:Commerce
4574:Tropical
4549:Demersal
4544:Deep-sea
4500:Venomous
4392:RoboTuna
4342:triggers
4337:Spawning
4297:Juvenile
4282:Egg case
3915:FishBase
3796:Category
3597:Powdered
3582:Omelette
3577:Meringue
3527:Benedict
3494:membrane
3394:Egg cell
3367:dinosaur
2901:Pennales
2860:Navicula
2842:Frustule
2616:Red tide
2553:plankton
2544:Plankton
2464:Archived
2172:PLoS ONE
2087:: 55–61.
2001:12115915
1954:33655013
1895:22660781
1887:12107490
1843:53025702
1835:30357584
1783:16140237
1748:15618479
1707:: 11–22.
1472:Egg case
1450:See also
1284:goldfish
1211:aquarium
1116:copepods
1093:Survival
1062:Ionocyte
996:tail fin
984:fin rays
955:juvenile
699:spawning
695:sardines
672:yolk sac
627:planktos
572:Category
347:protists
278:Bacteria
267:ciliates
76:Plankton
4883:Largest
4796:hagfish
4791:Jawless
4769:pollock
4742:sardine
4737:herring
4732:anchovy
4682:Tilapia
4672:Octopus
4667:Catfish
4654:Farming
4569:Pelagic
4529:Coastal
4516:habitat
4372:Walking
4277:Clasper
4229:Otolith
4191:systems
4189:Sensory
4123:ganoine
4098:Papilla
3949:Anatomy
3888:Fishing
3808:Commons
3777:Tossing
3772:Tapping
3767:Rolling
3755:Pysanka
3740:Organic
3735:Oomancy
3647:Soufflé
3637:Shirred
3602:Pickled
3592:Poached
3557:Deviled
3542:Coddled
3537:Century
3509:As food
3499:Chalaza
3459:Trophic
3429:Oviduct
3419:Ootheca
3389:Allergy
3382:Biology
3363:Reptile
3255:MOCNESS
3165:f-ratio
3100:More...
2801:Axodine
2649:By size
2631:More...
2507:Youtube
2270:: 1–48.
2196:Science
2050:: 1–83.
1945:7854070
1647:30 July
1580:22 July
1457:CalCOFI
1442:Boxfish
1413:remains
1407:in situ
1332:Walleye
1256:Ragfish
1225:Gallery
1167:) 70%.
1144:herring
1140:haddock
1004:flexion
1000:ventral
998:on the
860:grunion
849:MOCNESS
826:Neuston
736:pelagic
710:History
621:ikhthus
505:f-ratio
303:Viruses
294:Archaea
262:amoebae
224:diatoms
145:By size
43:chorion
4901:sharks
4818:sharks
4747:sprats
4727:Forage
4715:salmon
4595:Coarse
4377:Flying
4249:Vision
4204:Barbel
4118:Scales
3978:dermal
3858:About
3730:Oology
3700:Egging
3675:Carton
3642:Smoked
3627:Scotch
3622:Salted
3607:Quiche
3562:Eggnog
3532:Boiled
3464:Zygote
3409:Oogamy
3399:Embryo
3250:AusCPR
3240:C-MORE
2551:About
2509:video.
2423:
2404:
2387:
2370:
2351:
2334:
2315:
2298:
2283:
1999:
1991:
1952:
1942:
1934:
1893:
1885:
1877:
1841:
1833:
1825:
1781:
1746:
1738:
1616:
1545:
1477:Embryo
1300:larvae
1011:stage.
933:Salmon
866:, and
697:, are
668:larvae
636:larvae
570:
551:NAAMES
417:Blooms
56:embryo
4863:Blind
4851:Lists
4630:Rough
4495:Sleep
4401:Other
4167:shark
4157:Teeth
3617:Salad
3567:Fried
3522:Balut
3490:Shell
3485:White
3454:Tooth
3449:Spawn
3424:Ovary
3318:Types
2178:(12)
1891:S2CID
1839:S2CID
1525:Notes
1444:larva
1409:with
1364:larva
1349:larva
1334:larva
1319:larva
1282:Male
1136:krill
1134:and
912:spawn
616:ἰχθύς
219:Algae
4896:rays
4830:Bony
4823:rays
4720:tuna
4662:Carp
4620:Oily
4605:Game
4590:Bait
4524:Cave
4307:Milt
4012:Gill
4000:Fins
3973:Bone
3860:fish
3851:Fish
3725:Hunt
3572:Iron
3492:and
3480:Yolk
3358:Fish
3325:Bird
3302:Eggs
3260:SCAR
3235:Zoid
3180:HNLC
2435:NOAA
2421:ISBN
2402:ISBN
2385:ISBN
2368:ISBN
2349:ISBN
2332:ISBN
2313:ISBN
2296:ISBN
2281:ISBN
1997:PMID
1989:ISSN
1950:PMID
1932:ISSN
1883:PMID
1875:ISSN
1831:PMID
1823:ISSN
1779:PMID
1744:PMID
1736:ISSN
1681:NOAA
1649:2011
1614:ISBN
1582:2011
1543:ISBN
1493:Milt
1411:yolk
910:The
854:The
693:and
634:and
632:eggs
524:iron
47:yolk
4759:cod
4514:By
4327:Roe
4054:Jaw
3952:and
3652:Tea
3612:Roe
3245:CPR
2212:PDF
2204:doi
2200:311
2180:doi
2133:291
1981:doi
1977:293
1940:PMC
1922:doi
1867:doi
1863:205
1815:doi
1811:189
1771:doi
1767:141
1728:doi
1258:egg
1148:cod
732:cod
646:or
495:CPR
54:F.
45:C.
41:B.
4967::
2338:.+
2266:,
2254:40
2252:,
2218:^
2210:.
2198:,
2174:,
2160:^
2153:53
2151:,
2131:,
2109:^
2085:59
2083:,
2068:53
2066:,
2048:25
2046:,
2032:^
2025:55
2023:,
2009:^
1995:.
1987:.
1975:.
1962:^
1948:.
1938:.
1930:.
1916:.
1912:.
1889:.
1881:.
1873:.
1861:.
1837:.
1829:.
1821:.
1809:.
1805:.
1791:^
1777:.
1765:.
1742:.
1734:.
1724:85
1722:.
1689:^
1662:^
1637:.
1590:^
1568:.
1557:^
1130:,
1126:,
1122:,
1118:,
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1983::
1956:.
1924::
1918:9
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1869::
1845:.
1817::
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1750:.
1730::
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