531:. By December 1966, he and a technician created a prototype that allowed a player to move a line across the screen. After a demonstration to the company's director of research and development, some funding was allotted and the project was made official. Baer spent the next few months designing further prototypes, and in February 1967 assigned technician Bill Harrison to begin building the project. Harrison spent the next few months in between other projects building out successive modifications to the prototype. Baer, meanwhile, collaborated with engineer Bill Rusch on the design of the console, including developing the basis of many games for the system. By May, the first game was developed and by June, multiple games were completed for what was then a second prototype box. This included a game where players controlled dots chasing each other and a light gun shooter game with a plastic rifle. By August 1967, Baer and Harrison had completed a third prototype machine, but Baer felt that he was not proving successful at designing fun games for the system; to make up for this he added Bill Rusch, who had helped him come up with the initial games for the console, to the project. He soon proved his value to the team by coming up with a way to display three dots on the screen at once rather than the previous two, and proposing the development of a ping pong game.
692:. The technology behind the first generation quickly became obsolete as consumers had the ability to purchase new games for second generation consoles instead of having to purchase new systems when they wanted new content as with the dedicated consoles of the first generation. In comparison to the limited game library for each dedicated console, the Atari VCS launched with Combat, a cartridge containing 27 games. As people transitioned to the newer systems, some companies were left with surplus stock and were selling at a loss. The combination of market saturation and the start of the second generation caused many companies to leave the market completely. These events became known as the video game crash of 1977, as sales of second generation consoles were only modest for the next few years until the arrival of the
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started being able to display color as well as more complex shapes and text. Early consoles such as the
Odyssey and TV Tennis Electrotennis required players to keep track of scores manually but later, many introduced score counters on the display to assist players in score tracking. Audio capabilities were slow to improve over the generation, starting with the Odyssey, which had no audio, and later moving on to consoles which had buzzers that could produce a small range of beeps and buzzes.
547:
608:, agreed to work together to try and design a prototype of the game. By the end of November 1970, the pair had abandoned the project as untenable, as economically feasible computers were not powerful enough. Dabney soon thought of a way to manipulate the video signal on the screen without a computer controlling it, and from there Syzygy Engineering came up with the idea of removing the computer altogether and building specialized hardware to handle everything for the game instead.
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563:, who entered negotiations in July 1969 and signed an agreement in January 1971. Magnavox designed the exterior of the machine, and re-engineered some of the internals with consultation from Baer and Harrison; they removed the ability to display color, reduced the number of controller types, and changed the system of selecting games from a dial to separate
685:
causing the home console market to saturate. The demand for the chip was so high that
General Instruments could not supply enough to satisfy all the orders it was receiving causing problems for some smaller companies. Coleco received their order early on, allowing them to build up strong production capabilities and have success with their Telstar range.
461:
gameplay experience as graphical capabilities consisted of simple geometry such as dots, lines or blocks that would occupy only a single screen. First generation consoles were not capable of displaying more than two colours until later in the generation, and audio capabilities were limited with some consoles having no sound at all.
771:, and each subsequent release was an improvement over the previous, adding features such as additional game variations, on-screen displays, and player-controlled handicaps such as smaller paddle sizes and variable ball speed. Three Odyssey series consoles were also released in Europe with similar features from 1976 to 1978.
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Most of the games developed during this generation were hard-wired into the consoles and unlike later generations, most were not contained on removable media that the user could switch between. Consoles often came with accessories and cartridges that could alter the way the game played to enhance the
748:
paraphernalia such as cards, paper money and dice to enhance the games. It had features that became industry standard in subsequent generations such as detachable controllers, light gun accessories and interchangeable game media. While no game data was stored on the circuit cards as they would be in
872:
In the late 1970s, Nintendo released a series of five consoles for the
Japanese market. The first of the series and the first console created by Nintendo, the Color TV-Game 6, was released in 1977 and contained six ball-and-paddle games. The last, the Computer TV-Game, was a 1980 port of Nintendo's
554:
As
Sanders was a military contractor and not in the business of making and selling commercial electronics, the team approached several cable television industry companies to produce the console, but were unable to find a buyer. By January 1969 the team had produced the seventh prototype, nicknamed
793:
released Japan's first home console, the TV Tennis
Electrotennis. The technology was licensed from Magnavox and it contained a single ball and paddle style game that resembled Pong but without an onscreen score display. The game controls were contained within the base unit and it connected to a
684:
that allowed companies to simplify console production and lower costs. Due to this, many companies had entered the home console market by the late 1970s. A significant number released consoles that were essentially clones of Atari's Home Pong and many were poorly made and rushed to market,
671:
Graphical capabilities were limited throughout the generation, often supported with physical accessories and screen overlays, but saw some improvement towards the end of the generation. While the
Odyssey could only display 3 square dots in black and white, as the generation progressed, consoles
4194:
Nintendo entered the home market in Japan with the dramatic unveiling of Color TV-Game 6, which played six versions of light tennis. It was followed by a more powerful sequel, Color TV-Game 15. A million units of each were sold. The engineering team also came up with systems that played a more
853:
released a series of fourteen dedicated consoles up until 1978, when they suffered a significant loss due to the combination of dock workers' strike, preventing it from shipping the final product in time for the holidays, and the start of the second generation. The series featured a number of
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future consoles, they could be used to select one of the twelve games built onto the hardware. Magnavox licensed its video game patents to other companies for a fee and prosecuted companies who released consoles without a licensing agreement.
798:(UHF) antenna, as opposed to being directly connected, which was unique to the console at the time. Compared to popular consoles of the generation, it performed poorly with an approximate 20,000 units sold.
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Like Pong, Telstar could only play video tennis but it retailed at an inexpensive $ 50 that made it attractive to most families that were on a budget. Coleco managed to sell over a million units that year.
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that players could purchase games separately for the systems. The early dedicated handheld consoles were eventually eclipsed in popularity by programmable video games, which became popular in the
600:
version of the game would be very popular. The high price of computers capable of running the game, however, meant that any such arcade game would not be economically feasible. By 1970, however,
618:
at the end of 1971 and after its release they incorporated as Atari in the following year and began designing more games. Bushnell saw a demonstration of the
Odyssey console playing its
824:. Following Pong's success, Magnavox filed suit against Atari for infringement on its technology patents and ended up settling out of court with Atari becoming a licensee of Magnavox.
660:) circuits comprising each element of the game itself. Over the generation, technology steadily improved and later consoles of the generation moved the bulk of the circuitry to custom
1523:
Mattel
Football, while some of the latter models like the Mattel Speed Freak and the Mattel Competition Football handhelds are closer to the end of the first generation (1982)
756:: "in 1971, Nintendo had – even before the marketing of the first home console in the United States – an alliance with the American pioneer Magnavox to develop and produce
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1534:. Each game had basic controls, a simple LED interface and a buzzer for sound. The series was popular, sold well and, at times, was difficult to find due to high demand.
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in 1980 and its following discontinuation in 1983, but many manufacturers had left the market prior due to the market decline in the year of 1978 and the start of the
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different styles of ball games and external accessories to enhance gameplay such as the
Telstar Arcade, which had a unique triangular design that came with a
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494:, a well-established Japanese company that made a number of different products, entered the video game console market for the first time in 1977 with its
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527:. Baer did not pursue the idea, but it returned to him in August 1966 when he was the Chief Engineer and manager of the Equipment Design Division at
476:, which would go on to be one of the most well-known video game companies and play a vital role in the early generations of consoles. In September,
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Includes the Coleco
Telstar, Classic, Deluxe, Ranger, Alpha, Colormatic, Regent, Sportsman, Combat!, Colortron, Marksman, Galaxy, Gemini and Arcade
730:
There were hundreds of home video game consoles known to have existed in the first generation of video games. This section lists the most notable.
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and steering wheel attached to the casing. The series was marketed at a lower price than its competitors and sold well with over a million sales.
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3726:, p. 45 "the Odyssey was imported into the United Kingdom in 1973, and into 12 European countries in 1974 in very limited numbers."
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The start of the second generation and the next major advancement in home console technology began in 1976 with the release of the
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the "Brown Box". After a Sanders patent attorney recommended approaching television manufacturers, they found interest first at
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Ralph Baer and Howard Morrison invented and patented an electronic toy that was later licensed to Milton Bradley and sold as
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It was with the Odyssey that Nintendo first became involved in the home video game market. According to Martin Picard in the
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In the same year, Coleco began to release handheld consoles after the end of the Telstar home console series. They released
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Vintage Game Consoles: An Inside Look at Apple, Atari, Commodore, Nintendo, and the Greatest Gaming Platforms of All Time
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purchased Magnavox and released a series of eight Odyssey consoles in North America from 1975 to 1977. All of them were
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In 1972 Magnavox released the world's first home video game console, the Magnavox Odyssey. It came packaged with
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for the Odyssey, since it was similar to what Nintendo was able to offer in the Japanese toy market in 1970s."
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American Sports: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas [4 volumes]: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas
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88:
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3076:[Japanese Video Game Industry Before the "Famicom": The Rise of the Modern Video Game Industry (2)].
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Fawcett, Ian; Howells, Jacqui; Hughes, Dan; Knight, Andy; Walker, Chris; Tilley, Jennifer (April 1, 2019).
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and started late into the first generation. It was not until the second generation and the release of the
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1996:
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and Harold Lee. By the end of 1975, Atari had become a major company in the home console market due to
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complex game, called "Blockbuster," as well as a racing game. Half a million units of these were sold.
4175:
Game Over: How Nintendo Zapped an American Industry, Captured Your Dollars, and Enslaved Your Children
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that modified the console's circuitry when plugged into the console. Magnavox named the console the
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Many consoles in the first generation were clones of or styled similarly to the arcade version of
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The Video Game Debate: Unravelling the Physical, Social, and Psychological Effects of Video Games
914:
780:
614:, the first commercial arcade video game, was released by the pair as Syzygy Engineering through
329:
231:
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1543:, which expanded on the popular American football style games by adding new features. Alongside
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Prophets of Pong: How Newspapers Covered Video Games Between 1972 to 1976 - University of Maine
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49:
36:
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883:, who would go on to become the creator of some of the most well-known video game franchises.
464:
In 1972, two major developments influenced the future of the home video game market. In June,
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1970:
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The Complete Guide to Game Audio: For Composers, Musicians, Sound Designers, Game Developers
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handheld game series, which were released from 1976 to 1982. The first to be released were
1191:
867:
795:
649:
632:, was the first major arcade video game success, and inspired a large number of arcade and
495:
446:
244:
3800:
Sex, Bombs, and Burgers: How War, Pornography, and Fast Food Have Shaped Modern Technology
879:. The third console in the series, the Color TV-Game Racing 112, was the first project of
8:
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Includes the Odyssey 100/200/300/400/500/2000/3000/4000 and Philips Odyssey 200/2001/2100
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They were followed by other titles based on sports and some licensed properties such as
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81:
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Home video games achieved widespread popularity with the release of a home version of
546:
484:. Inspired by the Odyssey's ping-pong game, Atari would soon go on to market the game
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1974:
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Invisible Engines: How Software Platforms Drive Innovation and Transform Industries
1817:
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880:
568:
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481:
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307:
271:
4257:, "Microcomputer controlled game", published 1980-06-10, assigned to
429:
available from 1972 to 1983. Notable consoles of the first generation include the
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6008:
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5539:
4404:
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4208:
3967:
3928:
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5605:
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1452:
Includes the Color TV-Game 6, 15, Racing 112, Blockbreaker and Computer TV-Game
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465:
430:
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Computer and Video Game Law: Cases, Statutes, Forms, Problems & Materials
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Moschovitis, Christos J. P.; Poole (Christos), Hilary and Moshovitis (2005).
2009:
2001:
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Vintage Games 2.0: An Insider Look at the Most Influential Games of All Time
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5529:
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3179:
3035:
3005:
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1503:
1237:
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835:, which went on to be a success in its own right with over a dozen models.
817:
623:
601:
289:
264:
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Evans, David S.; Hagiu, Andrei; Schmalensee, Richard (February 15, 2008).
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The Golden Age of Video Games: The Birth of a Multibillion Dollar Industry
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Voorhees, Gerald A.; Call, Joshua; Whitlock, Katie (November 2, 2012). "
2949:"The Foundation of Geemu: A Brief History of Early Japanese video games"
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In late 1975 Atari released a home version of their popular arcade game
807:
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6369:
6257:
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The Video Game Explosion: A History from PONG to PlayStation and Beyond
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The Video Game Explosion: A History from PONG to Playstation and Beyond
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204:
2923:"Magnavox Sues Firms Making Video Games, Charges Infringement".
1803:
4477:
ClassicGaming Expo 2000: Baer Describes the Birth of Videogames
3784:
clip from Tomorrow's World, original broadcast 20 December 1973
2758:
Classic home video games, 1972–1984: a complete reference guide
2265:
Classic Home Video Games, 1972–1984: A Complete Reference Guide
2219:
Power-Up: How Japanese Video Games Gave the World an Extra Life
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993:
850:
3123:
Kent, Steven (2001). "Could You Repeat That Two More Times?".
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were beginning to come down in price. He and his office mate,
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3186:
Hey! Listen!: A journey through the golden era of video games
2026:
The Internet: A Historical Encyclopedia. Chronology. Volume 3
1298:
1268:
1209:
1205:
1032:
1002:
596:. Bushnell had worked at an amusement park, and felt that an
2536:. Canadian Newspaper Services International. 1980. pp.
785:
On September 12, 1975, several months before the release of
4737:
4210:
The Game Console: A Photographic History from Atari to Xbox
3150:"The History Of Pong: Avoid Missing Game to Start Industry"
2022:
1813:
Virtual Ascendance: Video Games and the Remaking of Reality
1314:
1048:
722:
664:
such as Atari's custom Pong chips and General Instruments'
628:
571:
and announced the system's launch date for September 1972.
486:
4516:
3512:
1478:
All of the handheld systems from the first generation are
831:
and its success sparked hundreds of clones, including the
816:. It had been in development since 1974 under the lead of
636:
versions and clones, including Atari's Home Pong in 1975.
3772:"1973, when the Magnavox Odyssey was released in the UK."
3487:
3230:
The Video Games Textbook: History • Business • Technology
2606:
The Video Games Textbook: History • Business • Technology
1547:, it became the other popular sports game of the period.
1346:
1333:
1084:
1067:
556:
3880:
Xbox One and PS4 Launch Price – Compared to the classics
2180:
CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61
892:
Comparison of first-generation video game home consoles
6056:
4007:
High Score! The Illustrated History of Electronic Games
2493:
CoCo: The Colorful History of Tandy's Underdog Computer
1967:
High Score! The Illustrated History of Electronic Games
716:
4041:
3930:
Guns, Grenades, and Grunts: First-Person Shooter Games
3315:(2nd ed.). Union, NJ: Rolenta Press. p. 20.
2490:
Pitre, Boisy G.; Loguidice, Bill (December 10, 2013).
2067:"Computer Space and the Dawn of the Arcade Video Game"
1369:
JP¥9800–48,000 (equivalent to ¥15,560–65,350 in 2019)
626:, to produce an arcade table tennis game. The result,
622:
game in early 1972 and assigned their first employee,
592:
developed by a group of students and employees at the
3902:(in Japanese). Tokyo: Magazine Box. pp. 99–100.
3651:
Wolf, Mark J. P.; Perron, Bernard (October 8, 2013).
3594:
Kaplan, Deeny, ed. (Winter 1978). "The Video Games".
2876:
2346:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 12.
1820:: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. pp. 14–15.
3922:
3775:
2683:
Kowert, Rachel; Quandt, Thorsten (August 27, 2015).
1554:
4367:
The First Quarter: A 25-Year History of Video Games
4042:Edwards, Benj; 26 January 2017 (January 26, 2017).
3782:
BBC Archive 1973: Christmas Gaming Magnavox Odyssey
2951:. International Journal of Computer Game Research.
2138:Loguidice, Bill; Barton, Matt (February 24, 2014).
2098:Goldberg, Marty; Vendel, Curt (November 25, 2012).
1965:DeMaria, Rusel; Wilson, Johnny L. (December 2003).
644:The first generation of consoles did not contain a
538:The "Brown Box" prototype is the forerunner of the
480:, an established electronics company, released the
5304:
4116:
3829:
3352:
3183:
2529:
2411:Eimbinder, Jerry; Eimbinder, Eric (October 1980).
2410:
2343:Music and Game: Perspectives on a Popular Alliance
2301:Williams, Duncan; Lee, Newton (February 9, 2018).
3927:and the Origins of First-Person Shooting Games".
3644:
3624:Kaplan, Deeny, ed. (Winter 1979). "Video Games".
3148:Barton, Matt; Loguidice, Bill (January 9, 2009).
1695:. Wayne State University Press. pp. 56, 58.
712:List of first generation home video game consoles
6829:
2918:
2916:
3147:
2137:
1056:US$ 100–230 (equivalent to $ 570–1300 in 2023)
754:International Journal of Computer Game Research
676:Market saturation and the end of the generation
542:, the first commercial home video game console.
4137:
3116:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2489:
2413:"Electronic Games: Space-age Leisure Activity"
2097:
1364:JP¥24,800 (equivalent to ¥46,500 in 2019)
320:History of East Asian role-playing video games
6537:
5443:
5290:
4883:
4869:
4831:
4502:
4472:The Dot Eaters: Bits From the Primordial Ooze
4004:
3178:
2913:
2598:
2596:
1964:
1597:History of computing hardware (1960s–present)
394:
355:History of massively multiplayer online games
4245:
4108:
3838:1972 Magnavox Odyssey in-store advertisement
3770:National Videogame Museum - Magnavox Odyssey
3552:Lipson, Ashley S.; Brain, Robert D. (2009).
3073:「ファミコン」登場前の日本ビデオ・ゲーム産業 ―現代ビデオ・ゲーム産業の形成過程(2)―
2682:
1727:
4144:Kent, Steven (2001). "Strange Bedfellows".
4119:Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games
4115:Ellis, David (2004). "Dedicated Consoles".
4072:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4044:"The Lost World of Early Nintendo Consoles"
3619:
3617:
3589:
3587:
3551:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2778:
2300:
325:History of Western role-playing video games
6551:
6544:
6530:
5450:
5436:
5297:
5283:
4876:
4862:
4845:
4838:
4824:
4509:
4495:
4005:DeMaria, Rusel; Wilson, Johnny L. (2003).
3899:Perfect Guide of Nostalgic Family Computer
3650:
3476:
3435:
3433:
3312:Phoenix: the fall & rise of videogames
3304:
3302:
2593:
2561:McAlpine, Kenneth B. (November 15, 2018).
2222:. Courier Dover Publications. p. 28.
2060:
2058:
1839:
1837:
1692:Before the Crash: Early Video Game History
1684:
1682:
774:
401:
387:
4330:
4168:
3998:
3895:
3803:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 132.
3734:
3732:
3716:
3714:
3404:] (in Japanese). 主婦の友社. p. 152.
3350:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
1958:
1809:
4162:
3614:
3584:
3450:] (in Japanese). 主婦の友社. p. 93.
3439:
3393:
2822:
2645:
2560:
2422:. Vol. 18, no. 4. p. 55.
2339:
2091:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1760:
1496:
1319:US$ 98.95 (equivalent to $ 560 in 2023)
838:
715:
680:In 1976, General Instruments produced a
545:
533:
455:second generation of video game consoles
4453:"A History of Home Video Game Consoles"
4446:How Video Games Invaded the Home TV Set
4089:Wish Book for the 1975 Christmas Season
3558:. Carolina Academic Press. p. 25.
3448:Complete Guide to Nintendo: Toy Edition
3430:
3299:
3226:
3104:from the original on September 22, 2019
2657:. Vol. 12, no. 3. p. 4.
2602:
2567:. Oxford University Press. p. 14.
2564:Bits and Pieces: A History of Chiptunes
2532:The Blue Book of Canadian Business 1980
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2064:
2055:
1893:
1834:
1766:
1679:
1628:from the original on September 12, 2018
1474:Handheld electronic game § History
861:
14:
6830:
4402:
4331:Armstrong, Douglas D. (May 29, 1978).
4148:. Three Rivers Press. pp. 94–95.
3763:
3739:Smith, Alexander (November 16, 2015).
3729:
3711:
3692:Vision; the European Business Magazine
3623:
3593:
3355:Nintendo: The Company and Its Founders
3329:from the original on December 31, 2013
3308:
3127:. Three Rivers Press. pp. 80–83.
3069:
3046:from the original on December 11, 2019
3016:from the original on December 13, 2019
2973:
2946:
2933:
2789:
2215:
2183:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 155.
2176:
1987:
1925:
1748:from the original on February 27, 2019
1728:Wall, David; Griffith, Arthur (1999).
1709:from the original on February 27, 2019
1667:from the original on February 27, 2019
1615:
340:History of tactical role-playing games
6525:
5457:
5431:
5278:
4857:
4819:
4490:
4423:from the original on February 9, 2023
4384:from the original on January 17, 2023
4227:from the original on February 9, 2023
4114:
3986:from the original on February 9, 2023
3947:from the original on February 9, 2023
3891:
3889:
3887:
3817:from the original on February 9, 2023
3796:
3792:
3790:
3751:from the original on February 2, 2016
3738:
3699:from the original on February 9, 2023
3671:from the original on February 9, 2023
3533:from the original on February 9, 2023
3464:from the original on February 9, 2023
3418:from the original on February 9, 2023
3287:from the original on February 3, 2017
3247:from the original on February 9, 2023
3208:from the original on February 9, 2023
3160:from the original on January 19, 2019
3065:
3063:
3061:
2901:from the original on February 9, 2023
2810:from the original on February 9, 2023
2755:
2703:from the original on February 9, 2023
2664:from the original on February 9, 2023
2627:from the original on February 9, 2023
2581:from the original on February 9, 2023
2510:from the original on February 9, 2023
2471:from the original on February 9, 2023
2446:
2444:
2429:from the original on February 9, 2023
2406:
2404:
2402:
2387:from the original on February 9, 2023
2366:
2321:from the original on February 9, 2023
2282:from the original on January 22, 2019
2261:
2236:from the original on February 9, 2023
2197:from the original on February 9, 2023
2158:from the original on February 9, 2023
1876:
1864:from the original on February 9, 2023
1322:US$ 50 (equivalent to $ 270 in 2023)
1053:US$ 99 (equivalent to $ 720 in 2023)
682:series of affordable integrated chips
594:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
519:while designing a television set for
192:Timeline of arcade video game history
6838:First-generation video game consoles
4363:
4206:
4143:
3965:
3723:
3402:Complete Guide to Home Game Consoles
3227:Wardyga, Brian J. (August 6, 2018).
3122:
2833:
2721:
2603:Wardyga, Brian J. (August 3, 2018).
2450:
2248:
2122:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1843:
1688:
1646:
1470:Comparison of handheld game consoles
345:History of single-player video games
18:First generation video game consoles
4096:from the original on April 28, 2019
3572:from the original on March 16, 2012
3440:Yamazaki, Isao (December 5, 2014).
3359:. ABDO Publishing Company. p.
3351:Firestone, Mary (January 1, 2011).
3275:. November 11, 1982. p. 1, sec. D.
2646:Salsberg, Arthur (September 1977).
2373:. Taylor & Francis. p. 3.
2340:Moormann, Peter (August 11, 2012).
2304:Emotion in Video Game Soundtracking
2177:Docter, Quentin (August 17, 2018).
2079:from the original on March 22, 2016
2065:Edwards, Benj (December 11, 2011).
1894:Donovan, Tristan (April 20, 2010).
1459:
1075:(equivalent to £1,210 in 2023)
1062: (equivalent to $ 370 in 2023)
550:First cartridge of Magnavox Odyssey
335:History of real-time strategy games
27:Gaming generation from 1972 to 1983
24:
4439:
4333:"Football Calculator Scoring Well"
3884:
3797:Nowak, Peter (December 20, 2011).
3787:
3141:
3058:
2955:from the original on June 24, 2015
2858:from the original on March 2, 2019
2441:
2399:
2262:Weiss, Brett (December 20, 2011).
2216:Kohler, Chris (October 21, 2016).
2043:from the original on March 6, 2019
1946:from the original on March 2, 2019
1926:Dillon, Roberto (April 19, 2016).
1897:Replay: The History of Video Games
1850:. Rolenta Press. pp. 30, 45.
1689:Wolf, Mark J. P. (June 15, 2012).
1616:Fulton, Steve (November 6, 2007).
1328:(equivalent to $ 200–670 in 2023)
801:
648:and were based on custom codeless
490:in both arcade and home versions;
373:List of video games in development
350:History of multiplayer video games
212:History of personal computer games
25:
6874:
6848:Video game consoles by generation
4465:
4403:Nelson, Murry R. (May 23, 2013).
4345:from the original on May 22, 2016
3394:Yamazaki, Isao (April 23, 2014).
2367:Marks, Aaron (October 12, 2012).
2004:. November 1996. pp. 67–68.
1914:
1844:Baer, Ralph H. (April 26, 2005).
1791:from the original on May 11, 2019
1618:"The History of Atari: 1971–1977"
1384:Cartridge (Telstar Arcade, 1977)
733:
5662:
4054:from the original on May 3, 2019
3519:. Hodder Education. p. 79.
2947:Picard, Martin (June 24, 2015).
2454:Encyclopedia of Video Games: A-L
1994:"The Great Videogame Swindle?".
1647:Hile, Kevin (October 26, 2009).
1571:
1557:
1243:
1236:
1229:
959:
952:
945:
449:. The generation ended with the
252:History of virtual reality games
187:Golden age of arcade video games
35:
4396:
4357:
4324:
4299:
4269:
4239:
4207:Amos, Evan (November 6, 2018).
4200:
4146:Ultimate History of Video Games
4080:
4035:
3959:
3916:
3873:
3861:
3683:
3632:(1). Reese Communications: 42.
3602:(1). Reese Communications: 34.
3545:
3516:WJEC GCSE Design and Technology
3506:
3387:
3344:
3259:
3220:
3172:
3125:Ultimate History of Video Games
3028:
2998:
2967:
2870:
2749:
2728:Ultimate History of Video Games
2715:
2676:
2639:
2554:
2522:
2483:
2360:
2333:
2294:
2209:
2170:
2016:
1446:
1437:
1428:
705:
421:era refers to the video games,
5342:History of video game consoles
5306:Video game history by platform
3267:"Coleco's New Video Challenge"
2974:Morgan, Cindy (October 1976).
1900:. Yellow Ant. pp. 10–26.
1721:
1640:
1609:
1466:List of handheld game consoles
89:History of video game consoles
13:
1:
5325:History of arcade video games
4482:Video Games Turn 40 (1UP.com)
3966:Wolf, Mark J. P. (May 2015).
3933:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
3233:. CRC Press. pp. 60–61.
2982:. Vol. 146, no. 4.
2929:. April 17, 1974. p. 15.
2648:"TV Electronic Games Grow Up"
1731:Graphics Programming with JFC
1653:. Greenhaven Publishing LLC.
1602:
1490:with the introduction of the
886:
639:
182:History of arcade video games
148:9th generation (2020–present)
143:8th generation (2012–present)
4092:. Sears. 1975. p. 412.
3969:Video Games Around the World
3741:"1TL200: A Magnavox Odyssey"
3654:The Video Game Theory Reader
3070:Fujita, Naoki (March 1999).
2790:Barton, Matt (May 8, 2019).
1847:Videogames: in the beginning
1810:Griffiths, Devin C. (2013).
427:handheld video game consoles
64:Early history of video games
7:
4259:Marvin Glass and Associates
2101:Atari Inc.: Business Is Fun
1775:Manchester University Press
1550:
1511:One notable example is the
702:for the Atari VCS in 1980.
501:
10:
6879:
5660:
4409:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1416.
4370:. BWD Press. p. 166.
3972:. MIT Press. p. 322.
1463:
1382:Inbuilt chip (most models)
865:
842:
805:
794:television set through an
778:
737:
709:
506:
138:7th generation (2005–2017)
133:6th generation (1998–2013)
128:5th generation (1993–2005)
123:4th generation (1987–2004)
118:3rd generation (1983–2003)
106:2nd generation (1976–1992)
101:1st generation (1972–1983)
6800:
6694:
6623:
6588:
6557:
6521:
6477:
6393:
6357:
6319:
6213:
6206:
6131:
6047:
6022:
5972:
5937:
5909:
5871:
5862:
5800:
5770:
5740:
5697:
5671:
5598:
5575:
5510:
5487:
5478:
5470:List of video game genres
5465:
5427:
5367:
5312:
5274:
5222:
5159:
5096:
5033:
4970:
4907:
4891:
4885:Chronology of video games
4853:
4774:Second generation →
4770:
4688:
4672:
4663:
4605:
4529:
2834:Wolf, Mark J. P. (2008).
2796:. CRC Press. p. 18.
2496:. CRC Press. p. 11.
2451:Wolf, Mark J. P. (2012).
2307:. Springer. p. 144.
2104:. Syzygy Press. pp.
1405:
1391:
1373:
1310:
1251:
1225:
1201:
1169:
1151:
1132:
1114:
1106:JP¥19,500 (equivalent to
1044:
967:
941:
920:
896:
515:conceived the idea of an
5762:Digital collectible card
4364:Kent, Steven L. (2000).
3484:"Famous Names in Gaming"
3442:
3396:
3309:Herman, Leonard (1997).
3072:
2689:. Routledge. p. 5.
2029:. ABC-CLIO. p. 27.
1421:
808:Pong § Home version
584:at Stanford University.
111:Video game crash of 1983
5847:Roguelike deck-building
5755:Roguelike deck-building
5359:History of mobile games
4748:TV Tennis Electrotennis
4728:Magnavox Odyssey series
4537:Home video game console
4307:"Mattel Handheld Games"
2926:The Wall Street Journal
915:TV Tennis Electrotennis
781:TV Tennis Electrotennis
775:TV Tennis Electrotennis
650:state machine computers
330:History of online games
272:History of cloud gaming
232:History of mobile games
44:Part of a series on the
6843:History of video games
6552:Video games by country
4847:History of video games
4311:www.handheldmuseum.com
3036:"Philips Odyssey 2001"
3006:"Philips Odyssey 2100"
1540:Electronic Quarterback
1508:
765:North American Philips
727:
551:
543:
517:interactive television
415:history of video games
50:History of video games
6853:1970s in video gaming
6089:Tactical role-playing
5854:Tactical role-playing
5368:By console generation
5320:Early mainframe games
4701:Coleco Telstar series
4650:Eighth (2012–present)
4549:Handheld game console
4459:on December 26, 2007.
4338:The Milwaukee Journal
4247:US patent 4207087
4178:. GamePress. p.
4172:; Eddy, Andy (1999).
3626:Video (Buyer's Guide)
3596:Video (Buyer's Guide)
2756:Weiss, Brett (2007).
1767:Fleming, Dan (1996).
1500:
1392:Accessories (retail)
1183:Coleco Telstar series
1119:Printed circuit board
845:Coleco Telstar series
839:Coleco Telstar series
719:
549:
537:
443:Coleco Telstar series
69:Early mainframe games
6469:Vertically scrolling
4655:Ninth (2020–present)
3841:(promotional film).
3695:. 1977. p. 65.
3112:– via Kurenai.
1587:1970s in video games
1531:Battlestar Galactica
1192:Color TV-Game series
1110:36,600 in 2019)
868:Color TV-Game series
862:Color TV-Game series
796:ultra high frequency
496:Color TV-Game series
447:Color TV-Game series
6099:Turn-based strategy
6004:Submarine simulator
5810:Action role-playing
5717:Interactive fiction
5405:Seventh (2005–2017)
4645:Seventh (2005–2017)
4518:Video game consoles
4255:Morrison, Howard J.
4213:. No Starch Press.
2976:"Popular Mechanics"
2844:. pp. 50, 55.
2760:. Jefferson, N.C.:
2655:Popular Electronics
2420:Popular Electronics
1971:McGraw Hill/Osborne
893:
873:first arcade game,
758:optoelectronic guns
696:, the home port of
690:Fairchild Channel F
662:integrated circuits
574:In the late 1960s,
525:the Bronx, New York
423:video game consoles
6500:Video game modding
6442:Nonlinear gameplay
6104:Turn-based tactics
6072:Real-time strategy
5390:Fourth (1987–2003)
5380:Second (1976–1992)
4723:Gameroom Tele-Pong
4630:Fourth (1987–2004)
4620:Second (1976–1992)
4287:on October 4, 2012
3896:M.B. Mook (2016).
3745:They Create Worlds
3443:任天堂コンプリートガイド −玩具編−
3272:The New York Times
3182:(April 18, 2019).
2733:Three Rivers Press
1579:Video games portal
1509:
1480:dedicated consoles
1398:Controller styles
1141:(sold separately)
1037:September 12, 1975
891:
849:Starting in 1976,
789:in North America,
769:dedicated consoles
728:
616:Nutting Associates
552:
544:
529:Sanders Associates
435:Magnavox Odyssey 2
175:Arcade video games
153:Impact of COVID-19
6858:1970s video games
6825:
6824:
6821:
6820:
6517:
6516:
6513:
6512:
6505:Video game remake
6413:Emergent gameplay
6084:Real-time tactics
6043:
6042:
5982:Flight simulation
5712:Graphic adventure
5658:
5657:
5459:Video game genres
5423:
5422:
5400:Sixth (1998–2013)
5395:Fifth (1993–2005)
5385:Third (1983–2003)
5375:First (1972–1980)
5270:
5269:
4813:
4812:
4766:
4765:
4696:APF TV Fun series
4640:Sixth (1998–2013)
4635:Fifth (1993–2006)
4625:Third (1983–2003)
4615:First (1972–1980)
4573:Dedicated console
4461:by Michael Miller
4416:978-0-313-39753-0
4377:978-0-9704755-0-3
4189:978-0-9669617-0-6
4028:978-0-07-223172-4
2980:Popular Mechanics
2771:978-0-7864-3226-4
2115:978-0-9855974-0-5
1980:978-0-07-223172-4
1907:978-0-9565072-0-4
1784:978-0-7190-4717-6
1777:ND. p. 180.
1488:fourth generation
1419:
1418:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1165:
1164:
911:
634:dedicated console
411:
410:
205:Personal computer
16:(Redirected from
6870:
6546:
6539:
6532:
6523:
6522:
6495:Video game clone
6211:
6210:
6207:Related concepts
6014:Vehicular combat
5869:
5868:
5742:Digital tabletop
5722:Interactive film
5682:Grand Theft Auto
5673:Action-adventure
5666:
5623:Platform fighter
5502:Platform fighter
5485:
5484:
5452:
5445:
5438:
5429:
5428:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5276:
5275:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4855:
4854:
4840:
4833:
4826:
4817:
4816:
4680:Magnavox Odyssey
4670:
4669:
4522:first generation
4511:
4504:
4497:
4488:
4487:
4460:
4455:. Archived from
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4283:. Archived from
4277:"Simon Turns 30"
4273:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4123:. Random House.
4122:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4071:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3893:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3794:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3736:
3727:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3621:
3612:
3611:
3591:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3490:. Archived from
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3397:家庭用ゲーム機コンプリートガイド
3391:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3377:
3358:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3334:
3306:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3189:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3067:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2984:Hearst Magazines
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2944:
2931:
2930:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2831:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2787:
2776:
2775:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2652:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2535:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2448:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2428:
2417:
2408:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2259:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2135:
2120:
2119:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2062:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2020:
2014:
2013:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1969:(2nd ed.).
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1923:
1912:
1911:
1891:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1841:
1832:
1831:
1818:Lanham, Maryland
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1613:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1518:Mattel Auto Race
1460:Handheld systems
1453:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1327:
1302:
1287:
1272:
1263:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1210:Sears Tele-Games
1195:
1186:
1177:
1174:Home Pong series
1167:
1166:
1074:
1061:
1036:
1021:
1006:
997:
988:
979:
963:
956:
949:
909:
901:Magnavox Odyssey
894:
890:
881:Shigeru Miyamoto
876:Computer Othello
569:Magnavox Odyssey
540:Magnavox Odyssey
451:Computer TV-Game
419:first generation
403:
396:
389:
39:
32:
31:
21:
6878:
6877:
6873:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6867:
6828:
6827:
6826:
6817:
6796:
6690:
6619:
6584:
6553:
6550:
6509:
6473:
6464:Twitch gameplay
6389:
6353:
6315:
6202:
6154:Survival horror
6127:
6077:Time management
6039:
6018:
6009:Train simulator
5968:
5933:
5905:
5858:
5796:
5766:
5736:
5693:
5667:
5654:
5594:
5590:Survival horror
5571:
5506:
5474:
5461:
5456:
5419:
5363:
5308:
5303:
5266:
5218:
5155:
5092:
5029:
4966:
4903:
4887:
4882:
4849:
4844:
4814:
4809:
4776:
4762:
4753:Unisonic series
4684:
4665:
4659:
4601:
4525:
4515:
4468:
4451:
4442:
4440:Further reading
4437:
4436:
4426:
4424:
4417:
4401:
4397:
4387:
4385:
4378:
4362:
4358:
4348:
4346:
4329:
4325:
4315:
4313:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4290:
4288:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4253: &
4244:
4240:
4230:
4228:
4221:
4205:
4201:
4190:
4167:
4163:
4156:
4142:
4138:
4131:
4113:
4109:
4099:
4097:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4065:
4064:
4057:
4055:
4040:
4036:
4029:
4003:
3999:
3989:
3987:
3980:
3964:
3960:
3950:
3948:
3941:
3921:
3917:
3910:
3894:
3885:
3878:
3874:
3866:
3862:
3848:
3846:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3820:
3818:
3811:
3795:
3788:
3780:
3776:
3768:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3737:
3730:
3719:
3712:
3702:
3700:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3665:
3649:
3645:
3622:
3615:
3592:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3566:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3527:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3494:on May 11, 2013
3482:
3481:
3477:
3467:
3465:
3458:
3444:
3438:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3412:
3398:
3392:
3388:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3349:
3345:
3332:
3330:
3323:
3307:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3241:
3225:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3202:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3146:
3142:
3135:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3080:(in Japanese).
3074:
3068:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3019:
3017:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2945:
2934:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2895:
2887:. p. 119.
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2852:
2832:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2804:
2788:
2779:
2772:
2764:. p. 108.
2754:
2750:
2743:
2735:. p. 190.
2720:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2697:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2650:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2621:
2601:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2575:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2504:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2465:
2449:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2415:
2409:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2381:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2315:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2276:
2260:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2230:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2191:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2152:
2136:
2123:
2116:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2063:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2037:
2021:
2017:
2000:. No. 23.
1997:Next Generation
1993:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1940:
1924:
1915:
1908:
1892:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1858:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1785:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1742:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1703:
1687:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1661:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1545:Mattel Football
1476:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1383:
1325:
1306:
1297:
1291:
1282:
1276:
1267:
1258:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1134:
1072:
1059:
1040:
1031:
1025:
1016:
1010:
1001:
992:
983:
974:
908:
889:
870:
864:
847:
841:
810:
804:
802:Atari Home Pong
783:
777:
742:
736:
714:
708:
678:
642:
559:and finally at
509:
504:
439:Atari Home Pong
433:(excluding the
407:
378:
377:
368:
360:
359:
310:
300:
299:
285:
284:Other platforms
277:
276:
267:
257:
256:
247:
245:Virtual reality
237:
236:
227:
217:
216:
207:
197:
196:
177:
167:
166:
157:2023-24 layoffs
84:
74:
73:
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6876:
6866:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6823:
6822:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6815:
6810:
6804:
6802:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6794:
6792:United Kingdom
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6707:Czech Republic
6704:
6698:
6696:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6627:
6625:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6561:
6559:
6555:
6554:
6549:
6548:
6541:
6534:
6526:
6519:
6518:
6515:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6481:
6479:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6459:Side-scrolling
6456:
6455:
6454:
6449:
6439:
6434:
6427:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6397:
6395:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6367:
6361:
6359:
6355:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6323:
6321:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6313:
6312:
6311:
6306:
6304:Climate change
6301:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6275:
6274:
6262:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6223:
6217:
6215:
6208:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6174:
6173:
6163:
6158:
6157:
6156:
6146:
6141:
6135:
6133:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6123:
6121:Grand strategy
6113:
6112:
6111:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6080:
6079:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6053:
6051:
6045:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6032:
6026:
6024:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5978:
5976:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5959:
5949:
5943:
5941:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5915:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5877:
5875:
5866:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5839:
5837:Monster-taming
5834:
5829:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5815:Looter shooter
5806:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5789:
5782:
5776:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5764:
5759:
5758:
5757:
5746:
5744:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5703:
5701:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5677:
5675:
5669:
5668:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5641:
5640:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5611:Hack and slash
5602:
5600:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5587:
5581:
5579:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5497:Endless runner
5493:
5491:
5482:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5455:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5432:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5410:Eighth (2012–)
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5322:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5309:
5302:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5279:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5228:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5165:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5102:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5039:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4976:
4974:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4913:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4881:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4858:
4851:
4850:
4843:
4842:
4835:
4828:
4820:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4698:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4611:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4587:
4585:Hybrid console
4582:
4581:
4580:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4526:
4514:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4467:
4466:External links
4464:
4463:
4462:
4449:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4415:
4395:
4376:
4356:
4323:
4298:
4268:
4251:Baer, Ralph H.
4238:
4219:
4199:
4188:
4161:
4154:
4136:
4129:
4107:
4079:
4034:
4027:
4009:(2 ed.).
3997:
3978:
3958:
3939:
3915:
3908:
3883:
3872:
3860:
3828:
3809:
3786:
3774:
3762:
3728:
3710:
3682:
3663:
3643:
3613:
3583:
3564:
3544:
3525:
3505:
3475:
3456:
3429:
3410:
3386:
3382:color tv-game.
3369:
3343:
3321:
3298:
3258:
3239:
3219:
3200:
3194:. p. 45.
3171:
3140:
3133:
3115:
3090:10.14989/45271
3057:
3027:
2997:
2986:. p. 80.
2966:
2932:
2912:
2893:
2869:
2850:
2821:
2802:
2777:
2770:
2748:
2741:
2714:
2695:
2675:
2638:
2619:
2592:
2573:
2553:
2546:
2521:
2502:
2482:
2463:
2440:
2398:
2379:
2359:
2352:
2332:
2313:
2293:
2274:
2247:
2228:
2208:
2189:
2169:
2150:
2121:
2114:
2090:
2054:
2035:
2015:
1986:
1979:
1973:. p. 18.
1957:
1938:
1913:
1906:
1875:
1856:
1833:
1826:
1802:
1783:
1759:
1740:
1720:
1701:
1678:
1659:
1639:
1607:
1606:
1604:
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1255:
1253:
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1234:
1227:
1223:
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1217:
1212:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1159:
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1149:
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1136:
1130:
1129:
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1116:
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1111:
1104:
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1100:
1094:
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1081:
1080:
1078:
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1070:
1064:
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1057:
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1039:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1008:
999:
990:
981:
980:September 1972
971:
969:
965:
964:
957:
950:
943:
939:
938:
933:
927:
922:
918:
917:
912:
906:Odyssey series
903:
898:
888:
885:
866:Main article:
863:
860:
843:Main article:
840:
837:
833:Coleco Telstar
806:Main article:
803:
800:
779:Main article:
776:
773:
740:Odyssey series
738:Main article:
735:
734:Odyssey series
732:
710:Main article:
707:
704:
699:Space Invaders
677:
674:
654:discrete logic
652:consisting of
646:microprocessor
641:
638:
611:Computer Space
590:mainframe game
576:Nolan Bushnell
508:
505:
503:
500:
466:Nolan Bushnell
431:Odyssey series
409:
408:
406:
405:
398:
391:
383:
380:
379:
376:
375:
369:
366:
365:
362:
361:
358:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
315:List of genres
311:
306:
305:
302:
301:
298:
297:
292:
286:
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
268:
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145:
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98:
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60:
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56:
53:
52:
46:
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40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6875:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
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6833:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
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6803:
6799:
6793:
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6708:
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6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6628:
6626:
6622:
6616:
6615:United States
6613:
6611:
6608:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6596:Latin America
6594:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6562:
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6506:
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6476:
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6414:
6411:
6407:
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6402:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6392:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6372:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6356:
6350:
6349:Single-player
6347:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6318:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
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6260:
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6224:
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6219:
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6212:
6209:
6205:
6199:
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6179:
6176:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6130:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6114:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6094:Tower defense
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6075:
6074:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6046:
6036:
6035:Immersive sim
6033:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5975:
5971:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5936:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5924:City-building
5922:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5912:
5908:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5861:
5855:
5852:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5827:Dungeon crawl
5825:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5799:
5793:
5792:Tile-matching
5790:
5788:
5787:
5783:
5781:
5780:Hidden object
5778:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5763:
5760:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5750:Deck-building
5748:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5739:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5683:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5665:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5639:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5597:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5585:Battle royale
5583:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5453:
5448:
5446:
5441:
5439:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5426:
5416:
5415:Ninth (2020–)
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5366:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5347:Crash of 1983
5345:
5344:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5300:
5295:
5293:
5288:
5286:
5281:
5280:
5277:
5273:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
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5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
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5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
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5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4892:Early history
4890:
4886:
4879:
4874:
4872:
4867:
4865:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4841:
4836:
4834:
4829:
4827:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4769:
4759:
4758:Video Pinball
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4743:TV Scoreboard
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4733:PC-50x Family
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4718:Color TV-Game
4716:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4662:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4590:Retro console
4588:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4512:
4507:
4505:
4500:
4498:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4448:by Ralph Baer
4447:
4444:
4443:
4427:September 23,
4422:
4418:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4399:
4388:September 23,
4383:
4379:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4360:
4344:
4341:. p. 1.
4340:
4339:
4334:
4327:
4312:
4308:
4302:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4231:September 23,
4226:
4222:
4220:9781593277727
4216:
4212:
4211:
4203:
4196:
4191:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4157:
4155:0-7615-3643-4
4151:
4147:
4140:
4132:
4130:0-375-72038-3
4126:
4121:
4120:
4111:
4100:September 16,
4095:
4091:
4090:
4083:
4075:
4069:
4058:September 14,
4053:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4030:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4001:
3990:September 23,
3985:
3981:
3979:9780262527163
3975:
3971:
3970:
3962:
3951:September 23,
3946:
3942:
3940:9781441191441
3936:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3919:
3911:
3909:9784906735891
3905:
3901:
3900:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3881:
3876:
3869:
3864:
3856:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3832:
3821:September 23,
3816:
3812:
3810:9780762776108
3806:
3802:
3801:
3793:
3791:
3783:
3778:
3771:
3766:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3735:
3733:
3725:
3722:
3717:
3715:
3703:September 23,
3698:
3694:
3693:
3686:
3670:
3666:
3664:9781135205195
3660:
3657:. Routledge.
3656:
3655:
3647:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3618:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3588:
3571:
3567:
3565:9781594604881
3561:
3557:
3556:
3548:
3537:September 23,
3532:
3528:
3526:9781510450981
3522:
3518:
3517:
3509:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3468:September 23,
3463:
3459:
3457:9784072947579
3453:
3449:
3445:
3436:
3434:
3422:September 23,
3417:
3413:
3411:9784072929711
3407:
3403:
3399:
3390:
3383:
3372:
3370:9781617840951
3366:
3362:
3357:
3356:
3347:
3340:
3328:
3324:
3322:0-9643848-2-5
3318:
3314:
3313:
3305:
3303:
3291:September 18,
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3246:
3242:
3240:9781351172349
3236:
3232:
3231:
3223:
3207:
3203:
3201:9781472261342
3197:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3181:
3180:McNeil, Steve
3175:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3136:
3134:0-7615-3643-4
3130:
3126:
3119:
3108:September 22,
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2970:
2959:September 16,
2954:
2950:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2928:
2927:
2919:
2917:
2905:September 23,
2900:
2896:
2894:9780262262644
2890:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2873:
2857:
2853:
2851:9780313338687
2847:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2814:September 23,
2809:
2805:
2803:9781000000924
2799:
2795:
2794:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2773:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2744:
2742:0-7615-3643-4
2738:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2707:September 23,
2702:
2698:
2696:9781317567172
2692:
2688:
2687:
2679:
2668:September 24,
2660:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2626:
2622:
2620:9780815390916
2616:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2599:
2597:
2585:September 23,
2580:
2576:
2574:9780190496098
2570:
2566:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2547:0-9690116-7-9
2543:
2539:
2534:
2533:
2525:
2514:September 23,
2509:
2505:
2503:9781466592483
2499:
2495:
2494:
2486:
2475:September 23,
2470:
2466:
2464:9780313379369
2460:
2456:
2455:
2447:
2445:
2433:September 24,
2425:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2391:September 23,
2386:
2382:
2380:9781136059254
2376:
2372:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2353:9783531189130
2349:
2345:
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2314:9783319722726
2310:
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2277:
2275:9780786487554
2271:
2268:. McFarland.
2267:
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2252:
2240:September 23,
2235:
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2229:9780486801490
2225:
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2201:September 23,
2196:
2192:
2190:9781119513056
2186:
2182:
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2173:
2162:September 23,
2157:
2153:
2151:9781135006501
2147:
2144:. CRC Press.
2143:
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2036:9781851096596
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2019:
2011:
2007:
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2002:Imagine Media
1999:
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1932:. CRC Press.
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921:Manufacturer
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910:(11 consoles)
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602:minicomputers
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58:Early history
55:
54:
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43:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
6580:South Africa
6490:Toys-to-life
6430:
6423:
6375:
6320:Player modes
6284:Personalized
6269:
6258:
6226:
6132:Other genres
6062:Auto battler
6030:Falling-sand
5992:Lunar Lander
5802:Role-playing
5785:
5727:Visual novel
5689:Metroidvania
5681:
5635:
5567:Third-person
5540:Shoot 'em up
5525:First-person
5374:
4805:Manufacturer
4614:
4561:Microconsole
4521:
4457:the original
4425:. Retrieved
4405:
4398:
4386:. Retrieved
4366:
4359:
4347:. Retrieved
4336:
4326:
4314:. Retrieved
4310:
4301:
4289:. Retrieved
4285:the original
4280:
4271:
4241:
4229:. Retrieved
4209:
4202:
4193:
4173:
4170:Sheff, David
4164:
4145:
4139:
4118:
4110:
4098:. Retrieved
4088:
4082:
4056:. Retrieved
4047:
4037:
4006:
4000:
3988:. Retrieved
3968:
3961:
3949:. Retrieved
3929:
3924:
3918:
3898:
3875:
3863:
3853:– via
3847:. Retrieved
3837:
3831:
3819:. Retrieved
3799:
3777:
3765:
3753:. Retrieved
3744:
3701:. Retrieved
3691:
3685:
3673:. Retrieved
3653:
3646:
3629:
3625:
3599:
3595:
3574:. Retrieved
3554:
3547:
3535:. Retrieved
3515:
3508:
3496:. Retrieved
3492:the original
3478:
3466:. Retrieved
3447:
3420:. Retrieved
3401:
3389:
3381:
3374:. Retrieved
3354:
3346:
3338:
3333:February 16,
3331:. Retrieved
3311:
3289:. Retrieved
3270:
3261:
3249:. Retrieved
3229:
3222:
3210:. Retrieved
3185:
3174:
3164:February 26,
3162:. Retrieved
3153:
3143:
3124:
3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3081:
3077:
3050:November 26,
3048:. Retrieved
3039:
3030:
3020:November 26,
3018:. Retrieved
3009:
3000:
2979:
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2924:
2903:. Retrieved
2879:
2872:
2860:. Retrieved
2836:
2812:. Retrieved
2792:
2757:
2751:
2726:
2723:Kent, Steven
2717:
2705:. Retrieved
2685:
2678:
2666:. Retrieved
2654:
2641:
2629:. Retrieved
2605:
2583:. Retrieved
2563:
2556:
2531:
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2492:
2485:
2473:. Retrieved
2457:. ABC-CLIO.
2453:
2431:. Retrieved
2419:
2389:. Retrieved
2369:
2362:
2342:
2335:
2323:. Retrieved
2303:
2296:
2286:September 1,
2284:. Retrieved
2264:
2238:. Retrieved
2218:
2211:
2199:. Retrieved
2179:
2172:
2160:. Retrieved
2140:
2100:
2093:
2081:. Retrieved
2070:
2045:. Retrieved
2025:
2018:
1995:
1989:
1966:
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1928:
1896:
1866:. Retrieved
1846:
1812:
1805:
1795:February 26,
1793:. Retrieved
1769:
1762:
1752:February 26,
1750:. Retrieved
1730:
1723:
1713:February 26,
1711:. Retrieved
1691:
1671:February 26,
1669:. Retrieved
1649:
1642:
1632:February 26,
1630:. Retrieved
1621:
1611:
1565:1970s portal
1544:
1538:
1536:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1502:
1477:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1196:(5 consoles)
1124:Inbuilt chip
874:
871:
848:
828:
826:
821:
818:Allan Alcorn
813:
811:
786:
784:
762:
753:
751:
743:
729:
721:
706:Home systems
697:
687:
679:
670:
643:
627:
624:Allan Alcorn
620:Table Tennis
619:
609:
585:
579:
573:
553:
510:
485:
463:
459:
418:
412:
290:Browser game
265:Cloud gaming
225:Mobile games
100:
29:
6813:New Zealand
6777:Switzerland
6747:Netherlands
6671:Philippines
6661:South Korea
6406:Hypercasual
6327:Multiplayer
6243:Educational
6193:Programming
6188:Photography
6161:Incremental
5957:Kart racing
5901:Virtual pet
5732:Walking sim
5707:Escape room
5606:Beat 'em up
5545:Bullet hell
5352:Console war
5313:By platform
5262:Near future
4607:Generations
4013:. pp.
4011:McGraw-Hill
3675:October 25,
3576:November 8,
3251:October 30,
3212:October 25,
3040:Vox Odyssey
3010:Vox Odyssey
2631:October 30,
1650:Video Games
1484:Microvision
1187:(14 models)
1133:Accessories
598:arcade game
94:Console war
6863:1970s toys
6832:Categories
6631:Bangladesh
6447:Open world
6358:Production
6279:Nonviolent
5962:Sim racing
5929:Government
5864:Simulation
5555:Twin-stick
5489:Platformer
5330:Golden age
4666:generation
4316:August 12,
3925:BattleZone
1603:References
1464:See also:
1415:3 million
1412:1 million
1326:US$ 36–179
1178:(9 models)
929:Magnavox,
887:Comparison
746:board game
694:killer app
640:Technology
606:Ted Dabney
588:is a 1962
565:game cards
513:Ralph Baer
470:Ted Dabney
6808:Australia
6742:Lithuania
6646:Indonesia
6233:Christian
6221:Advergame
6109:Artillery
5842:Roguelike
5820:Soulslike
5699:Adventure
5535:Light gun
4899:1947–1972
4689:Dedicated
3755:April 25,
3724:Wolf 2007
3638:0147-8907
3608:0147-8907
3281:0362-4331
3154:Gamasutra
3098:0013-0273
3084:(3): 69.
2992:0032-4558
2885:MIT Press
2762:McFarland
2611:CRC Press
2083:April 13,
2010:1078-9693
1770:Powerplay
1734:. Wiley.
1622:Gamasutra
1492:Game Gear
1303:1977–1980
1288:1976–1978
1273:Late 1975
1264:Late 1975
1139:Light gun
1135:(retail)
1022:1975–1977
936:Epoch Co.
856:light gun
822:Home Pong
787:Home Pong
666:AY-3-8500
586:Spacewar!
581:Spacewar!
511:In 1951,
295:Emulation
6681:Thailand
6666:Malaysia
6604:Colombia
6589:Americas
6485:Minigame
6437:Masocore
6383:Fan game
6253:Licensed
6178:Non-game
6049:Strategy
5919:Business
5618:Fighting
5577:Survival
5562:Tactical
5335:Timeline
4790:Services
4780:Emulator
4711:Marksman
4421:Archived
4382:Archived
4349:July 17,
4343:Archived
4291:April 4,
4225:Archived
4094:Archived
4068:cite web
4052:Archived
4048:PCMag UK
3984:Archived
3945:Archived
3849:June 11,
3843:Magnavox
3815:Archived
3749:Archived
3697:Archived
3669:Archived
3570:Archived
3531:Archived
3498:June 13,
3462:Archived
3416:Archived
3376:March 1,
3327:Archived
3285:Archived
3245:Archived
3206:Archived
3192:Headline
3158:Archived
3102:Archived
3044:Archived
3014:Archived
2953:Archived
2899:Archived
2862:March 1,
2856:Archived
2842:ABC-CLIO
2808:Archived
2725:(2001).
2701:Archived
2659:Archived
2625:Archived
2579:Archived
2508:Archived
2469:Archived
2424:Archived
2385:Archived
2319:Archived
2280:Archived
2234:Archived
2195:Archived
2156:Archived
2077:Archived
2047:March 3,
2041:Archived
1950:March 1,
1944:Archived
1862:Archived
1789:Archived
1746:Archived
1707:Archived
1665:Archived
1626:Archived
1551:See also
1507:in 1978.
1409:150,000
1220:Nintendo
1158:Unknown
1155:350,000
925:Magnavox
763:In 1974
726:(above).
668:series.
561:Magnavox
502:Overview
492:Nintendo
478:Magnavox
472:founded
445:and the
82:Consoles
6801:Oceania
6787:Ukraine
6732:Ireland
6722:Germany
6712:Finland
6702:Belgium
6575:Nigeria
6452:Sandbox
6294:Serious
6227:Bishōjo
6144:Fitness
6116:Wargame
5974:Vehicle
5947:Fishing
5886:Farming
5786:Sokoban
5650:Stealth
5636:Pac-Man
5512:Shooter
4795:History
4281:1up.com
3870:page 53
3855:YouTube
1161:20,000
931:Philips
507:History
482:Odyssey
437:), the
413:In the
6782:Turkey
6772:Sweden
6762:Russia
6757:Poland
6752:Norway
6727:Greece
6717:France
6695:Europe
6686:Turkey
6676:Russia
6610:Canada
6600:Brazil
6558:Africa
6401:Casual
6394:Design
6376:Doujin
6289:Sci-fi
6265:Sexual
6238:Comedy
6214:Themes
6198:Typing
6171:Rhythm
6149:Horror
5987:Combat
5952:Racing
5939:Sports
5896:Social
5881:Dating
5832:MMORPG
5772:Puzzle
5480:Action
4706:Arcade
4413:
4374:
4264:
4249:,
4217:
4186:
4152:
4127:
4025:
3976:
3937:
3906:
3845:. 1972
3807:
3661:
3636:
3606:
3562:
3523:
3454:
3408:
3367:
3319:
3279:
3237:
3198:
3131:
3096:
2990:
2891:
2848:
2800:
2768:
2739:
2693:
2617:
2571:
2544:
2500:
2461:
2377:
2350:
2311:
2272:
2226:
2187:
2148:
2112:
2033:
2008:
1977:
1936:
1904:
1854:
1824:
1781:
1738:
1699:
1657:
1513:Mattel
1472:, and
1406:Sales
1226:Image
1215:Coleco
1152:Sales
1115:Media
1060:US$ 66
942:Image
851:Coleco
441:, the
425:, and
417:, the
308:Genres
6767:Spain
6737:Italy
6656:Japan
6641:India
6636:China
6570:Kenya
6565:Ghana
6478:Other
6431:Kaizo
6424:Gacha
6370:Indie
6332:Co-op
6271:Eroge
6259:Otome
6248:Girls
6183:Party
6166:Music
6023:Other
5997:Space
5684:clone
5645:Snake
5638:clone
5599:Other
5520:Arena
5224:2020s
5161:2010s
5098:2000s
5035:1990s
4972:1980s
4909:1970s
4664:First
4530:Types
3446:[
3400:[
2662:(PDF)
2651:(PDF)
2427:(PDF)
2416:(PDF)
2106:20–31
1504:Simon
1422:Notes
1401:None
1395:None
1375:Media
1206:Atari
1170:Name
1147:None
1144:None
897:Name
791:Epoch
521:Loral
474:Atari
367:Lists
6651:Iran
6624:Asia
6378:soft
6309:News
6139:Cozy
6067:MOBA
5873:Life
5630:Maze
5550:Rail
5530:Hero
5257:2025
5252:2024
5247:2023
5242:2022
5237:2021
5232:2020
5214:2019
5209:2018
5204:2017
5199:2016
5194:2015
5189:2014
5184:2013
5179:2012
5174:2011
5169:2010
5151:2009
5146:2008
5141:2007
5136:2006
5131:2005
5126:2004
5121:2003
5116:2002
5111:2001
5106:2000
5088:1999
5083:1998
5078:1997
5073:1996
5068:1995
5063:1994
5058:1993
5053:1992
5048:1991
5043:1990
5025:1989
5020:1988
5015:1987
5010:1986
5005:1985
5000:1984
4995:1983
4990:1982
4985:1981
4980:1980
4962:1979
4957:1978
4952:1977
4947:1976
4942:1975
4937:1974
4932:1973
4927:1972
4922:1971
4917:1970
4800:List
4785:Game
4738:Pong
4673:Home
4595:list
4578:list
4566:list
4554:list
4542:list
4429:2020
4411:ISBN
4390:2020
4372:ISBN
4351:2016
4318:2023
4293:2011
4233:2020
4215:ISBN
4184:ISBN
4150:ISBN
4125:ISBN
4102:2019
4074:link
4060:2019
4023:ISBN
3992:2020
3974:ISBN
3953:2020
3935:ISBN
3904:ISBN
3851:2022
3823:2020
3805:ISBN
3757:2016
3705:2020
3677:2020
3659:ISBN
3634:ISSN
3604:ISSN
3578:2019
3560:ISBN
3539:2020
3521:ISBN
3500:2010
3470:2020
3452:ISBN
3424:2020
3406:ISBN
3378:2019
3365:ISBN
3335:2012
3317:ISBN
3293:2019
3277:ISSN
3253:2019
3235:ISBN
3214:2020
3196:ISBN
3166:2019
3129:ISBN
3110:2019
3094:ISSN
3078:經濟論叢
3052:2019
3022:2019
2988:ISSN
2961:2019
2907:2020
2889:ISBN
2864:2019
2846:ISBN
2816:2020
2798:ISBN
2766:ISBN
2737:ISBN
2709:2020
2691:ISBN
2670:2019
2633:2019
2615:ISBN
2587:2020
2569:ISBN
2542:ISBN
2516:2020
2498:ISBN
2477:2020
2459:ISBN
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