First Council of Nicaea

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formation of the Byzantine Patriarchate, and from the authority of the ancients" in favor of an alternative understanding of the canon. According to this interpretation, the canon shows the role the Bishop of Rome had when he, by his authority, confirmed the jurisdiction of the other patriarchs—an interpretation which is in line with the Catholic understanding of the Pope. Thus, the Bishop of Alexandria presided over Egypt, Libya and the Pentapolis, while the Bishop of Antioch "enjoyed a similar authority throughout the great diocese of Oriens," and all by the authority of the Bishop of Rome. To Loughlin, that was the only possible reason to invoke the custom of a Roman Bishop in a matter related to the two metropolitan bishops in Alexandria and Antioch.

3650: 9052: 3092:, with the presiding officer having a large degree of control, and participants speaking in turn based on hierarchy. Probably the first matter considered was the status of Eusebius of Caesarea and the other bishops excommunicated at Antioch, as this would determine whether they could participate in the rest of the council. According to Eusebius, his profession of faith was accepted and he was restored. An account by Eustathius of Antioch records a statement of faith by a Eusebius being rejected by the council, though this was likely Eusebius of Nicomedia. 3775:

Arius and two followers refused to agree, the bishops pronounced clerical judgement by excommunicating them from the Church. Respecting the clerical decision, and seeing the threat of continued unrest, Constantine also pronounced civil judgement, banishing them into exile. This was the beginning of the practice of using secular power to establish doctrinal orthodoxy within Christianity, an example followed by all later Christian emperors, which led to a circle of Christian violence, and of Christian resistance couched in terms of martyrdom.

2908:, who taught that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit were one person, rather than the view held throughout the east that they were distinct. Alexander called a local council of bishops from Egypt and Libya, which sided with Alexander's view. Arius refused to subscribe to the council's decision, and he and several followers were excommunicated and exiled from Alexandria by Alexander. Arius then traveled to churches around the Roman east and wrote to bishops to gain support of his view. Among Arius' supporters were 3970:

located within the Diocese of Italy, and Antioch and Alexandria were both located within the Diocese of Oriens, a relevant and "structural congruency" between Rome and Alexandria was readily apparent to the gathered bishops: both had been made to share a diocese of which neither was the chief metropolis. Rome's jurisdiction within Italy had been defined in terms of several of the city's adjacent provinces since Diocletian's reordering of the empire in 293, as the earliest Latin version of the canon indicates.

2398: 3771:, as well as lodging at Nicaea, be covered out of public funds. He also provided and furnished a "great hall ... in the palace" as a place for discussion so that his guests "should be treated with becoming dignity". In addressing the opening of the Council, he "exhorted the Bishops to unanimity and concord" and called on them to follow the Holy Scriptures with: "Let, then, all contentious disputation be discarded; and let us seek in the divinely-inspired word the solution of the questions at issue." 2472: 3444:

be a Sunday in a lunar month chosen according to Christian criteria—in effect, a Christian Nisan—not in the month of Nisan as defined by Jews. Those who argued for continued reliance on the Jewish calendar (called "protopaschites" by later historians) were urged to come around to the majority position. That they did not all immediately do so is revealed by the existence of sermons, canons, and tracts written against the protopaschite practice in the late 4th century.

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adopted the Roman and Alexandrian method over the objection of several eastern bishops. The bishops also agreed to a resolution on the Melitian schism and issued twenty canons. The council closed in the first weeks of July, with the bishops invited to attend Constantine's celebration of his twentieth anniversary on the throne on 25 July. Both the bishops and the emperor issued letters recounting the councils' decisions to be circulated throughout the empire.

14034: 11147: 2378: 14084: 2502: 14096: 14060: 14023: 11136: 9064: 2675: 2426: 3008:. Lists of signatories to the final decisions of the council contain 200–220 names. With presbyters and deacons attending each bishop, the total attendance may have been between 1200 and 1900. Most of the bishops were eastern, with about twenty from Egypt and Libya, another fifty Palestine and Syria, and more than one hundred from Asia Minor. One bishop each from Persia and Scythia were present. The few western attendees were Hosius, 2408: 3440:

equinox. They justified this break with tradition by arguing that it was in fact the contemporary Jewish calendar that had broken with tradition by ignoring the equinox and that in former times the 14th of Nisan had never preceded the equinox. Others felt that the customary practice of reliance on the Jewish calendar should continue, even if the Jewish computations were in error from a Christian point of view.

2388: 3685:). Arians and Meletians soon regained nearly all of the rights they had lost, and consequently Arianism continued to spread and be a subject of debate within the Church during the remainder of the 4th century. Almost immediately, Eusebius of Nicomedia, an Arian bishop and cousin to Constantine I, used his influence at court to sway Constantine's favor from the proto-orthodox Nicene bishops to the Arians. 14072: 3230: 81: 25: 3640:(the fifty days commencing on Easter). Standing was the normative posture for prayer at this time, as it still is among the Eastern Christians. Kneeling was considered most appropriate to penitential prayer, as distinct from the festive nature of Eastertide and its remembrance every Sunday. The canon was designed only to ensure uniformity of practice at the designated times. 3932:: "The Nicene fathers passed this canon not as introducing anything new, but merely as confirming an existing relation on the basis of church tradition; and that, with special reference to Alexandria, on account of the troubles existing there. Rome was named only for illustration; and Antioch and all the other eparchies or provinces were secured their admitted rights. The 3853:(AD 115–181), referring to Theos, the Logos, and Sophia (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, as the Holy Spirit was referred to by several Church fathers), though many scholars believe that the way the term was used indicates that it was known previously to his readers. Also, over a century before, the term " 3973:

That provincial arrangement of Roman and Milanese jurisdiction within Italy therefore was a relevant precedent, and provided an administrative solution to the problem facing the Council—namely, how to define Alexandrian and Antiochian jurisdiction within the Diocese of Oriens. In canon 6, the Council

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This geographic issue related to Canon 6 was highlighted by Protestant writer Timothy F. Kauffman, as a correction to the anachronism created by the assumption that each bishop was already presiding over a whole diocese at the time of the Council. According to Kauffman, since Milan and Rome were both

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Thereupon, the debate about Arius and church doctrine began. "The emperor gave patient attention to the speeches of both parties" and "deferred" to the decision of the bishops. The bishops first pronounced Arius' teachings to be anathema, formulating the creed as a statement of correct doctrine. When

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in 335, and Marcellus of Ancyra followed him in 336. Arius returned to Constantinople to be readmitted into the Church but died shortly before he could be received. Constantine died the next year, after finally receiving baptism from Arian Bishop Eusebius of Nicomedia, and "with his passing the first

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The controversy between those who argued for independent computations and those who argued for continued reliance on the Jewish calendar was formally resolved by the Council, which endorsed the independent procedure that had been in use for some time at Rome and Alexandria. Easter was henceforward to

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The Council formulated a creed, a declaration and summary of the Christian faith. Several creeds were already in existence; many creeds were acceptable to the members of the Council, including Arius. From earliest times, various creeds served as a means of identification for Christians, as a means of

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A statement of faith based on earlier creeds was drafted (possibly by a smaller committee), and each line was debated by the council. All but two bishops subscribed to the final form of the creed as adopted. In addition to the Arian question, the council also considered the calculation of Easter, and

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might be given to a Melitian, provided he was worthy and the popular election were ratified by Alexander. Melitius' episcopal rights and prerogatives were taken from him. These mild measures, however, were in vain; the Melitians joined the Arians and caused more dissension than ever, being among the

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view of Christ's nature on the council. Constantine did not commission any Bibles at the Council. Despite Constantine's sympathetic interest in the Church, he was not baptized until some 11 or 12 years after the council, putting off baptism as long as he did so as to be absolved from as much sin as

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for the use of the Bishop of Constantinople, but little else is known (in fact, it is not even certain whether his request was for fifty copies of the entire Old and New Testaments, only the New Testament, or merely the Gospels). Some scholars believe that this request provided motivation for canon

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Constantine's role regarding Nicaea was that of supreme civil leader and authority in the empire. As Emperor, the responsibility for maintaining civil order was his, and he sought that the Church be of one mind and at peace. When first informed of the unrest in Alexandria due to the Arian disputes,

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in Egypt but without exercising authority or the power to ordain new clergy; he was forbidden to go into the environs of the town or to enter another diocese for the purpose of ordaining its subjects. Melitius retained his episcopal title, but the ecclesiastics ordained by him were to receive again

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did exist but was known as the Diocese of Alexandria, so the Council could have assigned it to Alexandria. Antioch and Alexandria were both located within the civil Diocese of Oriens, Antioch being the chief metropolis, but neither administered the whole. Likewise, Rome and Milan were both located

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Nor did the Council decree that Easter must never coincide with Nisan 15 (the first Day of Unleavened Bread, now commonly called "Passover") in the Hebrew calendar. The Finnish Orthodox Church explains, "According to the definition of the Council of Nicaea in 325, Pascha is celebrated on the first

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and became the sole ruler of the Roman Empire. It was at this time that, likely from Eusebius of Nicomedia, he became aware of the controversy between Alexander and Arius. Constantine wrote a letter to the two, urging them to end their dispute and reconcile. This was not Constantine's first direct

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substance) is ascribed by Eusebius of Caesarea to Constantine who, on this particular point, may have chosen to exercise his authority. The significance of this clause, however, is ambiguous as to the extent in which Jesus Christ and God the Father are "of one substance", and the issues it raised

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Constantine opened the council with a formal entrance after the bishops arrived, with Eusebius describing him as "like some heavenly angel of God, his bright mantle shedding lustre like beams of light, shining with the fiery radiance of a purple robe, and decorated with the dazzling brilliance of

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Christians, these thinkers argued, should abandon the custom of relying on Jewish informants and instead do their own computations to determine which month should be styled Nisan, setting Easter within this independently computed, Christian Nisan, which would always locate the festival after the

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However, Protestant and Catholic interpretations have historically assumed that some or all of the bishops identified in the canon were presiding over their own dioceses at the time of the Council—the Bishop of Rome over the Diocese of Italy, as Schaff suggested, the Bishop of Antioch over the

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However, according to Fr. James F. Loughlin, there is an alternative Catholic interpretation. It involves five different arguments "drawn respectively from the grammatical structure of the sentence, from the logical sequence of ideas, from Catholic analogy, from comparison with the process of

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Thus, instead of a baptismal creed acceptable to both the Arians and their opponents, the Council promulgated one which was clearly opposed to Arianism and incompatible with the distinctive core of their beliefs. The text of this profession of faith is preserved in a letter of Eusebius to his

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as his representative. Hosius apparently then presided over a synod at Alexandria concerning the date of Easter, before calling a council of Eastern bishops in Antioch. This council endorsed Alexander's position and issuing a statement of faith that held that the Son was "begotten not from

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The expenses of the council, including the travel of the bishops, were paid by the imperial treasury. Contemporary reports of attendance range from 250 to 300, with the figure of 318 given by Athanasius of Antioch becoming traditionally accepted. 318 is also the number of members of

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was eternally generated from the Father, while Arius and his followers asserted that the Father alone was eternal, and that the Son was created or begotten by the Father, and thus had a defined point of origin and was subordinate to the Father. Arius accused Alexander of following

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These two rules—independence of the Jewish calendar and worldwide uniformity—were the only rules for Easter explicitly laid down by the Council. No details for the computation were specified; these were worked out in practice, a process that took centuries and

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It is most likely that Hosius presided over the council's debates and proceedings as Constantine's representative. Constantine did join in the debates of the council (in Greek), but did not see himself as a voting member as he was not a bishop. No detailed

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were placed substantially on equal footing." Thus, according to Schaff, the Bishop of Alexandria was to have jurisdiction over the provinces of Egypt, Libya and the Pentapolis, just as the Bishop of Rome had authority "with reference to his own diocese."

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non-existence, but from the Father, not as made, but as genuine product" and contained anathemas against Arius. Eusebius of Caesaria was also temporarily excommunicated because of his contention that the Father and the Son were of two different natures.

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Sunday after the full moon following the vernal equinox, but always after the Jewish Passover. The date of the vernal equinox was then defined as March 21." L'Huillier notes the success of this strategy - Orthodox Easter has never preceded Passover.

3481:, the ordinations performed by Melitius being therefore regarded as invalid. Clergy ordained by Melitius were ordered to yield precedence to those ordained by Alexander, and they were not to do anything without the consent of Bishop Alexander. 3889:. In Nicaea, questions regarding the Holy Spirit were left largely unaddressed until after the relationship between the Father and the Son was settled around the year 362. The doctrine in a more full-fledged form was not formulated until the 3661:

In the short-term, the Council did not completely solve the problems it was convened to discuss, and a period of conflict and upheaval continued for some time. Constantine was succeeded by two Arian emperors in the Eastern Empire: his son,

3428:. To determine which lunar month was to be designated as Nisan, Christians relied on the Jewish community. By the late 3rd century some Christians began to express dissatisfaction with what they took to be the disorderly state of the 3361:

The view that he was "mutable or subject to change" was rejected to maintain that the Son just like the Father was beyond any form of weakness or corruptibility, and most importantly that he could not fall away from absolute moral

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word translated as "of same substance" which was condemned at the Council of Antioch in 264–268) were the most vocal of anti-Arians and were able to advance the use of the term, thus the creed was accepted by the Council.

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of the church. Nicaea "was the first time that any attempt had been made to summon a general council of the whole church at which, at least in theory, the church in every part of the Roman Empire should be represented".

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was "found by the Nicene Council to have been counted among the number of the Sacred Scriptures". However, modern scholars such as Edmon Gallagher have doubted that this indicates any canon selection in the council.

3764:(Hispania) to form a local church council and "reconcile those who were divided". When that embassy failed, he turned to summoning a synod at Nicaea, inviting "the most eminent men of the churches in every country". 3592:

those who had left the military but later sought out to be restored to their military position were to be excommunicated; depending on the sincerity of their repentance, they could be readmitted to communion

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for originating the disturbance and allowing it to become public. Aware also of "the diversity of opinion" regarding the celebration of Easter and hoping to settle both issues, he sent the "honored" Bishop

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Jesus Christ is said to be "begotten, not made", asserting that he was not a mere creature, brought into being out of nothing, but the true Son of God, brought into being "from the substance of the Father".

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in 380. In the meantime, paganism remained legal and present in public affairs. Constantine's coinage and other official motifs, until the Council of Nicaea, had affiliated him with the pagan cult of

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The suppression of the Melitian schism, an early breakaway sect, was another important matter that came before the Council of Nicaea. Melitius, it was decided, should remain in his own city of

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He is said to be "of one substance with the Father", proclaiming that although Jesus Christ is "true God" and God the Father is also "true God", they are "of one substance". The Greek term

3143:'the inhabited one'), "ecumenical" means "worldwide" but generally is assumed to be limited to the known inhabited Earth, and at this time in history is nearly synonymous with the 3961:. According to Hefele, the Council had assigned to Alexandria, "the whole (civil) Diocese of Egypt." Yet those assumptions have since been proven false. At the time of the Council, the 3609:

clergy who refused to return to their home church were to be excommunicated, and the ordinations of those who were ordained by these wandering clergy were to be considered null and void

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and the Easter season. In the Council of Nicaea, one specific creed was used to define the Church's faith clearly, to include those who professed it, and to exclude those who did not.

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of the council exist as they do for later councils, so the exact sequence of the council's debates is uncertain. Church councils at the time were modeled after the proceedings of the

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left most of the diocese under Antioch's jurisdiction, and assigned a few provinces of the diocese to Alexandria, "since the like is customary for the Bishop of Rome also."

743: 245: 813: 3452:, some of which remain unresolved. In particular, the Council did not seem to decree that Easter must fall on Sunday. This was unnecessary as it resolved against the 13234: 12564: 11713: 9415: 8729: 1652: 728: 10830: 7826: 2991:) and would allow easier access for bishops from throughout the empire. The emperor had also planned a commemoration of the twentieth year of his reign in Nicaea. 1090: 2879:. Scholars propose dates between 318 and 322 for the beginning of the dispute. The precise origins of the controversy are unclear, but the principal actors were 733: 12777: 9445: 9036: 9031: 2703: 1051: 3318:

Some distinctive elements in the Nicene Creed, perhaps from the hand of Hosius of Cordova, were added, some specifically to counter the Arian point of view.

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The major impetus for the calling of the Council of Nicaea arose in a theological dispute among the Christian clergy of Alexandria concerning the nature of

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gold and precious stones." He then gave an opening speech in Latin (rather than the Greek spoken by most of the attendees). Fifth-century church historian

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Even though the Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.

854: 718: 698: 9101: 8830: 3456:, who celebrated on any day of the week, in favour of the Churches who postponed the celebration to the following Sunday. See the extract from the 3432:. They argued that contemporary Jews were identifying the wrong lunar month as the month of Nisan, choosing a month whose 14th day fell before the 1223: 713: 708: 2916:, and they advocated for his view and his restoration to the church in Alexandria. Alexander also circulated letters defending his own position. 14141: 10636: 5134:

There is no crime for those who have Christ; religious violence in the Roman Empire. Michael Gaddis. University of California Press 2005. p. 340.

1321: 589: 545: 11929: 11676: 5189:. Critical Edition and Revision of George Houston's Translation from the French. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter & Co. pp. 48–49. 2033: 1228: 13737: 12860: 11488: 11028: 10815: 9818: 9155: 8140: 7867: 7311: 6888: 3400:, while his supporters were considered as "enemies of Christianity". Nevertheless, the controversy continued in various parts of the empire. 1645: 1311: 2887:. Arius' teachings are known partially from a few of his writing which survive, but principally from his opponents, primarily Alexander and 12196: 9698: 7819: 7128:

Van Dam, Raymond (2021). "Imperial Fathers and Their Sons: Licinius, Constantine, and the Council of Nicaea". In Kim, Young Richard (ed.).

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in Asia Minor for a "great and hierarchic council", either at their own impetus or Constantine's command. Constantine moved the council to

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Eustathius of Antioch was deposed and exiled in 330. Athanasius, who had succeeded Alexander as Bishop of Alexandria, was deposed by the

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to hear the dispute (with the instruction "I do not wish you to leave schism or division of any kind anywhere.") and then calling the

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mercy was enjoined toward those who had lapsed without compulsion, even though it was recognized that they did not deserve it

3028:. Of the eastern bishops, the principal supporters of Arius were Eusebius of Nicomedia, Eusebius of Caesarea, Menophantus of 2689: 2261: 1618: 1336: 1061: 1056: 4959: 14116: 13830: 12218: 10905: 10641: 9159: 9094: 8052: 7948: 5313:

A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church: Gregory of Nyssa: Dogmatic treatises, etc. 1893

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Cameron, Averil (2007). "Constantine and the 'peace of the church'". In Casiday, Augustine; Norris, Frederick W. (eds.).

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Pagan powers within the empire sought to maintain and at times re-establish paganism into the seat of the emperor (see

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Updated English Translations of the Council proceedings, Creed, Rulings (Canons), and Letters Connected to the Council

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confirmation of ancient customs giving jurisdiction over large regions to the bishops of Alexandria, Rome, and Antioch

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The Council of Nicaea, with Arius depicted as defeated by the council, lying under the feet of Emperor Constantine.

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Diocese of Oriens, as Loughlin suggested, and the Bishop of Alexandria over the Diocese of Egypt, as suggested by

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The view that "there was once when he was not" was rejected to maintain the coeternity of the Son with the Father.

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quote: "he razed to their foundations those of them which had been the chief objects of superstitious reverence".

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catechumens who lapsed were to have three years as hearers before being allowed to become catechumens again

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Drake, H. A. (2021). "The Elephant in the Room: Constantine at the Council". In Kim, Young Richard (ed.).

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Constantine assisted in assembling the Council by arranging that travel expenses to and from the bishops'

3723:, guaranteeing Christians legal protection and tolerance. However, Nicene Christianity did not become the 13840: 13621: 13483: 12370: 12016: 12001: 11987: 11894: 11884: 11374: 11013: 9763: 9631: 9500: 8889: 8259: 8032: 6259:

Edwards, Mark (2007). "The first Council of Nicaea". In Casiday, Augustine; Norris, Frederick W. (eds.).

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was written. The main source of the idea that the canon was created at the Council of Nicaea seems to be

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could receive communion if they were dying, but if they got well again, they were to finish their penance

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Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius, Compiled by Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople

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Hanson RPC, The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God: The Arian Controversy, 318-381. 1988, page 152

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at the council. The development of the biblical canon was nearly complete (with exceptions known as the

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in Bithynia, a venue that would allow him to attend personally (due to its proximity to his capital at

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worst enemies of Athanasius. The Melitians ultimately died out around the middle of the 5th century.

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NPNF2-01. Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine

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ordination of a bishop in the presence of at least three provincial bishops and confirmation by the

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The council was held in Nicea's imperial palace. The bishops most likely assembled in a rectangular

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The emperor carried out his earlier statement: everybody who refused to endorse the creed would be

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Jesus Christ is described as "Light from Light, true God from true God", proclaiming his divinity.

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Fontes Nicaenae Synodi: The Contemporary Sources for the Study of the Council of Nicaea (304–337)

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involvement in ecclesiastical controversy; he had previously attempted to resolve a schism over

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The Church of the Ancient Councils: The Disciplinary Work of the First Four Ecumenical Councils

3670:. Valens could not resolve the outstanding ecclesiastical issues and unsuccessfully confronted 3117: 2759: 2663: 2606: 2256: 2226: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1910: 1900: 1810: 1788: 1766: 1757: 1708: 1703: 1613: 778: 535: 7220:

Fernández, Samuel (2020). "Who convened the First Council of Nicaea: Constantine or Ossius?".

6457: 5547: 5311: 5262:"Philip Schaff: Fathers of the Second Century: 0107=101 – Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 4721: 14037: 13636: 13362: 13171: 13074: 13029: 12958: 12748: 12690: 12581: 12576: 12454: 12448: 12248: 11796: 11761: 11666: 11580: 11362: 10845: 10672: 10097: 9878: 9743: 9589: 9295: 9233: 9192: 9177: 8775: 8760: 8473: 8330: 8237: 8037: 8020: 7933: 7877: 7717: 7511: 7455: 7244: 6935: 5954: 5875: 5665: 5639: 5543: 3958: 3850: 3732: 3417: 3057: 3049: 3041: 3029: 2932: 2924: 2909: 2798: 2658: 2601: 2321: 1925: 1905: 1895: 1548: 1306: 573:

Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:

337: 143: 8825: 6396:

Gwyn, David M. (2021). "Reconstructing the Council of Nicaea". In Kim, Young Richard (ed.).

5236:""Why Did Jerome Translate Tobit and Judith?" Harvard Theological Review 108 (2015): 356–75" 4966:. Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America. February 1968. pp. 15–19. 2833: 13858: 13808: 13793: 13670: 13379: 13279: 13229: 13224: 13181: 13141: 13069: 12738: 12695: 12645: 12433: 12385: 12380: 12355: 12191: 12145: 12048: 12038: 11874: 11867: 11718: 11632: 11404: 11394: 11357: 10249: 10218: 10115: 9996: 9910: 9790: 9693: 9410: 9405: 9328: 9278: 9209: 9187: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8934: 8861: 8704: 8664: 8483: 8385: 8360: 8299: 8104: 8079: 8015: 7769: 7721: 7705: 7689: 7479: 7361: 7269: 7065: 5643: 3923: 3413: 2627: 2534: 1915: 1558: 1523: 1028: 908: 456: 362: 333: 7283: 6366: 5809: 5528:

Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine

2824:

may have presided over its deliberations. Its main accomplishments were settlement of the

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of eunuchs, prohibition of kneeling on Sundays and from Easter to Pentecost, validity of

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bishops, presbyters, and deacons were not to wander into neighboring cities to officiate

3194:

were discussed. Through it a precedent was set for subsequent general councils to adopt

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The names of the Fathers at Nicaea in Latin, in Greek, Coptic, Syriac, Arabic, Armenian

5977: 5896: 5830: 5766: 5695: 5691: 5669: 5180: 4700: 3849:. The term "Trinity" was already in use, with the earliest existing reference being by 3449: 3246: 3105: 3045: 3021: 3017: 2805: 2679: 2529: 2316: 2231: 2201: 2053: 2043: 1930: 1880: 1677: 1518: 1448: 1162: 1101: 966: 903: 877: 341: 251: 119: 11781: 8634: 6013: 5859: 5727: 3905:

While Constantine had sought a unified church after the Council, he did not force the

3388:. Arius, Theonas, and Secundus refused to adhere to the creed and were thus exiled to 14136: 13939: 13818: 13724: 13648: 13547: 13520: 13439: 13387: 13337: 13096: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13044: 13034: 12983: 12635: 12554: 12549: 12503: 12443: 12312: 12108: 11493: 11414: 11352: 11018: 10254: 9579: 9459: 9226: 9182: 9014: 8919: 8694: 8680: 8654: 8639: 8543: 8528: 8458: 8448: 8317: 8249: 8150: 8114: 8010: 7729: 7471: 7206: 7169: 7133: 7115: 7085: 7036: 7015: 6972: 6945: 6915: 6868: 6841: 6827: 6809: 6777: 6750: 6701: 6676: 6597: 6567: 6536: 6506: 6489: 6477: 6442: 6423: 6401: 6376: 6330: 6307: 6285: 6264: 6245: 6220: 6193: 6163: 6142: 6123: 6104: 6085: 6064: 6037: 5964: 5941: 5879: 5770: 5566: 5190: 5135: 5022: 4625: 3761: 3671: 3583:

elders who had been ordained without sufficient examination were not to be recognized

3513: 3424:

in the 2nd century, some Christians had set Easter to a Sunday in the lunar month of

3333: 3199: 2972: 2862: 2821: 2611: 2331: 2246: 2171: 1728: 1513: 1508: 1477: 1366: 956: 315: 209: 153: 12498: 5752: 5042: 13683: 13525: 13500: 13079: 13039: 12395: 12335: 11723: 11708: 11409: 11389: 11384: 11367: 11347: 10880: 10654: 10616: 10574: 10502: 10497: 10464: 10271: 10204: 10167: 10162: 10142: 10137: 10062: 9915: 9905: 9865: 9396: 9214: 9197: 8904: 8709: 8689: 8609: 8594: 8493: 8395: 8269: 8109: 8067: 8062: 8042: 8025: 7938: 7503: 7229: 7202: 7073: 6792:"An Examination of the Role of Ossius, Bishop of Córdoba, in the Arian Controversy" 6740: 6469: 6320: 5622: 5611: 5526: 4701:"The First Seven Ecumenical Councils – MOLL-Y – The Method of Loci Learning – York" 3962: 3894: 3631: 3025: 2723: 2642: 2221: 2216: 1994: 1979: 1553: 1528: 1356: 1131: 1008: 793: 530: 525: 357: 10120: 6437:

Jacobs, Ine (2021). "Hosting the Council in Nicaea". In Kim, Young Richard (ed.).

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A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature

6187: 6157: 6031: 5958: 5940:, The Fathers of the Church, vol. 68, Catholic University of America Press, 5935: 5931: 5184: 5066: 4621:

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature

4619: 3846: 3812: 3739:. At first, Constantine encouraged the construction of new temples and tolerated 3429: 3393: 3080:

gives the date of the opening as 20 May 325, though may have been later in June.

3013: 3005: 2920: 2493: 2341: 2336: 2191: 2136: 2111: 2048: 2038: 1578: 1533: 788: 663: 616: 104: 5210: 5151: 3351: 14076: 13888: 13788: 13584: 13473: 13419: 13352: 13332: 13091: 12932: 12772: 12758: 12733: 12728: 12519: 12493: 12423: 12238: 12140: 12135: 12118: 12058: 11952: 11899: 11728: 11648: 11497: 11033: 10962: 10810: 10745: 10531: 10521: 10507: 10492: 10172: 10067: 9951: 9930: 9464: 9343: 9318: 9290: 9221: 9025: 8850: 8644: 8619: 8583: 8523: 8516: 8511: 8501: 8355: 8340: 8279: 8155: 8145: 7901: 7737: 7159: 7147: 7077: 6831: 6557: 5820: 5706: 5577: 3833: 3795: 3724: 3720: 3663: 3540: 3484:

In the event of the death of a non-Melitian bishop or ecclesiastic, the vacant

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Patrum nicaenorum nomina Latine, Graece, Coptice, Syriace, Arabice, Armeniace

5915:, Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain, 3 November 2008, archived from 5848:

The Canons of the 318 Holy Fathers Assembled in the City of Nice, in Bithynia

5507: 5378: 5053: 4836: 4784:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 640–642. 4775: 3933: 3929: 3886: 3768: 3485: 3433: 3421: 3234: 2795: 2176: 1989: 1543: 1467: 1432: 773: 5474: 5400: 3297:

or who assert that the Son of God is of a different hypostasis or substance,

3245:

inclusion and recognition, especially at baptism. In Rome, for example, the

2919:

Parallel to the theological controversy between Alexander and Arius was the

14156: 13626: 13574: 13505: 13495: 13176: 13108: 12973: 12869: 12700: 12630: 12508: 12317: 12288: 12155: 11852: 11595: 11554: 10900: 10835: 10765: 10755: 10682: 10582: 10551: 10327: 10276: 10044: 9986: 9883: 9654: 9571: 9527: 9522: 9512: 9323: 9250: 9019: 8894: 8750: 8714: 8453: 8375: 8219: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7943: 7701: 6473: 6420:

The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God: The Arian Controversy 318-381

6052:

Select treatises of St. Athanasius in controversy with the Arians, Volume 3

3799: 3748: 3736: 3728: 3654: 3548: 3397: 3224: 3144: 3089: 2951:

In 324, the western Roman emperor Constantine defeated the eastern emperor

2901: 2837: 2236: 2096: 2072: 1944: 1296: 1151: 404: 352: 255: 11161: 7233: 6813: 6696:

Lyman, Rebecca (2021). "Arius and Arianism". In Kim, Young Richard (ed.).

5916: 5788: 3543:

to live together in a chaste and non-legalized partnership (the so called

3202:. This Council is generally considered the beginning of the period of the 2471: 13928: 13678: 13641: 13490: 13342: 13317: 13214: 12340: 12201: 12172: 12113: 12088: 12083: 11947: 11862: 11756: 11737: 11446: 11096: 10952: 10825: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10780: 10082: 10017: 9873: 9798: 9776: 9624: 9386: 9348: 8820: 8649: 8624: 8599: 8572: 8559: 8468: 8370: 8057: 7056:

Teres, Gustav (October 1984), "Time Computations and Dionysius Exiguus",

6299: 6082:

Nicaea and its Legacy: An Approach to Fourth-Century Trinitarian Theology

6077: 4769: 3802:, written texts whose authenticity or value is disputed) by the time the 3577: 3372: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3113: 3009: 2896: 2892: 2829: 2825: 2817: 2813: 2251: 2151: 2019: 1371: 1291: 1281: 1266: 1141: 1106: 470: 424: 399: 5366:. Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany: Herder. p. 373. 4904: 3403: 13776: 13515: 13312: 12968: 12900: 12720: 12470: 12418: 12223: 12053: 11698: 11527: 11471: 11466: 10790: 10785: 10609: 10536: 10152: 10072: 9703: 8604: 8189: 7000: 6666: 3906: 3874: 3533: 3526: 3368: 2286: 2181: 1472: 1351: 1331: 1185: 188: 7289: 6033:

Retrieving Nicaea: The Development and Meaning of Trinitarian Doctrine

13933: 13781: 13616: 13606: 13599: 13557: 13552: 13347: 13307: 12715: 12665: 12591: 12586: 12360: 12345: 12073: 12063: 11766: 11752: 11476: 10895: 10890: 10860: 10556: 10319: 10303: 10288: 10132: 10022: 9900: 9890: 9758: 9537: 7753: 4722:"Creed of Nicaea 325 – Greek and Latin Text with English translation" 3966:

within the civil Diocese of Italy, Milan being the chief metropolis.

3744: 3637: 3620: 3619:

precedence of bishops and presbyters before deacons in receiving the

3498: 3473: 3162: 2988: 2928: 2905: 2866: 2845: 2161: 1401: 1396: 1386: 1376: 1301: 1209: 1121: 1003: 372: 309: 6791: 5235: 3190:, the Council was the first occasion where the technical aspects of 14083: 13322: 13191: 12559: 12438: 12078: 11857: 11771: 11517: 11507: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11135: 11043: 10870: 9969: 9338: 9063: 8418: 8172: 8160: 6971:, Sources of Early Christian Thought, Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 6867:, Sources of Early Christian Thought, Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 6808:, vol. 1, Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 6725:

Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature

6653:

Loughlin, James F (1880), "The Sixth Nicene Canon and the Papacy",

5562: 5511: 4812: 4788: 3878: 3807: 3716: 3712: 3586:

elders who had lapsed but had not been found out were to be deposed

3409: 3148: 3064: 2957: 2952: 2913: 2779: 2674: 2301: 2186: 2067: 1261: 1191: 1179: 1168: 607: 184: 9079: 6054:, Translator and Editor John Henry Newman, Longmans, Green and co. 2787: 1687: 14059: 14022: 13631: 13611: 13468: 13357: 12596: 12526: 12186: 12150: 10840: 9678: 9552: 9495: 8675: 8289: 7911: 7782:* Ecumenical status disputed within the Eastern Orthodox Church. 5607: 4884: 4872: 3854: 3816:, a pseudo-historical account of early Church councils from 887. 3707:

Christianity had only recently been legalised in the empire, the

3627: 3597: 3389: 3237:

and the bishops of the First Council of Nicaea (325) holding the

3001: 2425: 2326: 2141: 1276: 1126: 584:

Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:

476:

Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:

192: 6118:

Brent, Allen (2022). "Melitian Schism". In Louth, Andrew (ed.).

4905:"Finnish church resolves to continue using Gregorian Paschalion" 3420:

of Jesus occurred at the time of those observances. As early as

2801:. The Council of Nicaea met from May until the end of July 325. 12838: 11612: 11532: 11399: 10993: 10298: 10283: 10227: 10194: 8841:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

8284: 8194: 8099: 5993: 5805: 3870: 3825: 3755:

he was "greatly troubled" and, "rebuked" both Arius and Bishop

3667: 2984: 2980: 2791: 2783: 2356: 1563: 1156: 5624:

Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, and Rufinus: Historical Writings

5056:(Editor) and McGiffert, Rev. Arthur Cushman, PhD (Translator) 4065: 3996: 3412:

and Feast of Unleavened Bread, as Christians believe that the

3354:, designed to repudiate explicitly the Arians' stated claims. 3229: 3155:

around 338, which states "he convoked an ecumenical council" (

3048:. The principal anti-Arians included Alexander of Alexandria, 2738: 80: 13564: 13024: 12963: 12920: 12160: 11091: 10259: 10223: 5976: 3858: 3613: 3561: 3425: 3385: 3285:

and rose again on the third day, and ascended to the heavens,

3281:

Who because of us men and because of our salvation came down,

3195: 3156: 2946: 2884: 2872: 2281: 2211: 1271: 1174: 6890:

St Nicholas the Wonderworker and Archbishop of Myra in Lycia

4918: 4026: 3845:

The Council of Nicaea dealt primarily with the issue of the

3693:

round in the battle after the Council of Nicaea was ended".

10264: 9983: 7012:

The Idea of Nicaea in the Early Church Councils, AD 431–451

5460:

Ecclesiae Occidentalis monumenta iuris antiquissima, vol. 1

3250: 3131: 2773: 2741: 2729: 1136: 5772:

Letter of Eusebius of Cæsarea to the people of his Diocese

4824: 4464: 4311: 4155: 8730:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

7277: 5326:

Marilena Amerise, 'Il battesimo di Costantino il Grande."

4539: 4503: 4404: 4379: 4377: 4362: 4323: 4287: 4203: 4131: 4102: 3301:– these the Catholic and apostolic Church anathematizes. 3147:. The earliest extant uses of the term for a council are 7490:(Basel/Lausanne: 1431–1449; Ferrara/Florence: 1438–1445) 7243:

A descriptive overview of the events of the Council, by

6192:(Third ed.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 4624:(Third ed.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 4275: 4167: 4011: 3396:. The works of Arius were ordered to be confiscated and 3024:, and Victor and Vicentius, two presbyters representing 6635:

Leclercq, Henri (1911), "The First Council of Nicaea",

5804: 5222: 5008:

2nd edition (Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, 2003) p. 60.

4902: 4587: 4575: 4563: 4428: 4352: 4350: 4001: 3999: 3511:

The Council promulgated twenty new church laws, called

3367:

congregation, in Athanasius' works, and elsewhere. The

3178:

Historically significant as the first effort to attain

12778:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

6769: 6263:. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6141:. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5747: 5586: 5179: 5167: 4662: 4527: 4374: 4239: 4215: 4191: 4179: 4121: 4119: 4117: 3653:

A fresco depicting the First Council of Nicaea at the

3458:

Letter of the Council of Nicaea to the Egyptian Church

557:

Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches

14048: 8761:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

6770:

McDonald, Lee Martin; Sanders, James A, eds. (2002),

4491: 4481: 4479: 4452: 4394: 4392: 4263: 4251: 4143: 4031: 4029: 3539:

prohibition of a man and a woman who have both taken

3404:

Separation of Easter computation from Jewish calendar

2778:) was a council of Christian bishops convened in the 2750: 2735: 2726: 195:

by heretics, lapsed Christians, sundry other matters.

6714: 6458:"The Search for Confessors at the Council of Nicaea" 5874: 5854: 5722: 5516:, Second Series, Christian Classics Ethereal Library 5398: 5376: 4848: 4515: 4440: 4416: 4347: 4335: 4086: 4041: 3986:– church councils before the First Council of Nicaea 3467: 3291:

But as for those who say, There was when He was not,

6103:. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press. 5593:

The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus

5568:

The Life of Constantine [Vita Constantini].

5462:. Oxonii, E Typographeo Clarendoniano. p. 120. 4551: 4299: 4114: 2732: 173:

250–318 (estimates) – only five from Western Church

7834: 6353:; Hilgenfeld, Henricus; Cuntz, Otto, eds. (1995), 5472: 4684: 4682: 4476: 4389: 3636:prohibition of kneeling on Sundays and during the 3283:and became incarnate and became man, and suffered, 2971:Constantine's letter was carried to Alexandria by 2931:, had acted in the stead of the imprisoned bishop 7098:, vol. 15, New York: Robert Appleton Company 6912:The Christianization of Europe in the Middle Ages 6641:, vol. 11, New York: Robert Appleton Company 6623:, vol. 10, New York: Robert Appleton Company 6617:Leclercq, Henri (1911), "Meletius of Lycopolis", 6122:(4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5664: 5638: 5041:, Sheed & Ward, rev ed 1949, vol I chapter 6. 4995:(New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004) p. 28. 4227: 4016: 4014: 3570:recognition of the honorary rights of the see of 3299:or created, or is subject to alteration or change 3067:hall based on Eusebius of Caearea's description. 187:, the nature of Christ, celebration of Passover, 14108: 8831:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 7130:The Cambridge Companion to the Council of Nicaea 6903: 6698:The Cambridge Companion to the Council of Nicaea 6439:The Cambridge Companion to the Council of Nicaea 6398:The Cambridge Companion to the Council of Nicaea 6242:The Cambridge Companion to the Council of Nicaea 6049: 5346: 5344: 4975: 4973: 4806: 3893:in 381 and a final form formulated primarily by 5579:Socrates and Sozomenus Ecclesiastical Histories 5186:Ecce homo!: An Eighteenth Century Life of Jesus 4679: 3295:and that He came into existence out of nothing, 6840:, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 6826: 6586: 6050:Athanasius, (Patriarch of Alexandria) (1920), 5895: 5765: 4924: 4860: 4830: 4053: 3341:would be seriously controverted in the future. 3265:And in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the Son of God, 13738:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 13437: 12854: 11177: 9095: 7820: 7305: 6349: 6216:The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787) 6120:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 5341: 5106: 5104: 5102: 4970: 3743:. Later in his reign, he gave orders for the 2697: 2506:Renaissance depiction of the Council of Trent 2448: 1646: 6991: 6907:Die Christianisierung Europas im Mittelalter 5561: 5335: 5152:The Council of Nicaea and the Biblical Canon 5019:Christianizing The Roman Empire A.D. 100–400 4903:Finnish Orthodox Church (30 November 2023). 4794: 4650: 4082: 4080: 3794:There is no record of any discussion of the 3492: 3408:The feast of Easter is linked to the Jewish 2891:. Arius criticized Alexander's teachings on 2856: 2836:, the construction of the first part of the 11191: 7005:. Vol. 3. New York: C Scribner's Sons. 6596:, Crestwood: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 5077: 5075: 3864: 3790:Development of the Christian Biblical canon 3287:and will come to judge the living and dead, 3261:We believe in one God, the Father almighty, 3256:The original Nicene Creed read as follows: 2994: 16:Council of Christian bishops in Nicaea, 325 12861: 12847: 11184: 11170: 11024:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 9102: 9088: 8846:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 8796:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 7827: 7813: 7312: 7298: 6934: 6796:Ba (Hons) Dissertation – Durham University 6555: 6535:, Harlow: Addison-Wesley Longman Limited, 6281:Catholicity and Heresy in the Early Church 6162:, Front Royal: Christendom College Press, 6063:, New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 5992: 5934:; Harkins, Paul W (trans) (1 April 2010), 5909: 5361: 5309: 5099: 4688: 4656: 3273:true God from true God, begotten not made, 3269:that is, from the substance of the Father, 3263:maker of all things visible and invisible; 3104:The First Council of Nicaea was the first 2947:Constantine and the calling of the council 2704: 2690: 2500: 2455: 2441: 1653: 1639: 7219: 7196: 7132:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6746:Voting About God in Early Church Councils 6739: 6700:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6634: 6616: 6556:Kieckhefer, Richard (1989), "Papacy", in 6455: 6441:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6400:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6319: 6244:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6029: 5811:Prefaces to the Books of Tobit and Judith 5790:Jerome: The Principal Works of St. Jerome 5379:"Historia Arianorum, Part IV, chapter 36" 5285: 5233: 4936: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4732: 4097: 4077: 218:Chronological list of ecumenical councils 57:Learn how and when to remove this message 7786: 7686:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical) 7158: 6652: 6566:, vol. 9, Charles Scribner's Sons, 6365: 6361:] (2nd ed.), Stuttgart: Teubner 6036:, Grand Rapids: Baker Publishing Group, 5420: 5350: 5072: 3984:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical) 3648: 3277:through Whom all things came into being, 3267:begotten from the Father, only-begotten, 3228: 2808:was the first of many efforts to attain 12602:Fostering of early experimental science 7319: 7127: 7109: 6861:Norris, Richard Alfred (trans) (1980), 6277: 6258: 6155: 6136: 5937:Discourses Against Judaizing Christians 5759:Synodal Letter to the Bishops of Africa 5697:The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret 5678:The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret 5652:The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret 4383: 4317: 4257: 4245: 4221: 4197: 4071: 4059: 3350:At the end of the creed came a list of 3313: 14142:Constantine the Great and Christianity 14109: 12706:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 9483: 7091: 7028: 6860: 6801: 6655:The American Catholic Quarterly Review 6436: 6414: 6375:, vol. 1, Peabody: Prince Press, 6304:Truth and Fiction in the Da Vinci Code 6298: 6182: 6098: 5986:A Book Against the Emperor Constantine 5930: 5556:The Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius 5457: 5421:Kauffman, Timothy F. (May–June 2016). 5209:A summary of the case can be found at 5155: 4854: 4756: 4614: 4545: 4509: 4497: 4470: 4434: 4422: 4410: 4368: 4356: 4329: 4293: 4269: 4209: 4173: 4149: 4137: 4047: 3869:in Latin) was used in the writings of 3703:Constantine the Great and Christianity 3696: 3239:Niceno–Constantinopolitan Creed of 381 2840:, mandating uniform observance of the 12842: 11165: 9083: 7808: 7293: 7168:, London: Darton, Logman & Todd, 7055: 7009: 6964: 6944:, New York: Harcourt Brace & Co, 6789: 6695: 6525: 6495: 6329:, Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 6261:The Cambridge History of Christianity 6239: 6212: 6139:The Cambridge History of Christianity 6117: 6084:. Ediburgh: Oxford University Press. 6076: 6058: 6008: 5960:The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis 5690: 5646:Constantinus Augustus to the Churches 5613:The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen 5542: 5458:Turner, Cuthberthus Hamilton (1899). 5110: 4991:Gerberding, R. and J. H. Moran Cruz, 4979: 4818: 4767: 4738: 4714: 4521: 4446: 4341: 4305: 4281: 4233: 4185: 4161: 4125: 4108: 3821:Constantine commissioned fifty Bibles 3279:things in heaven and things on earth, 3099: 7146: 7092:Vailhé, Siméon (1912), "Tremithus", 7058:Journal for the History of Astronomy 6749:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 6728:, vol. 6, Harper & Brothers 6665: 6395: 6022: 5953: 5708:Athanasius: Select Works and Letters 5576: 5310:Schaff, Philip; Wace, Henry (1893). 5297: 4878: 4842: 4750: 4593: 4581: 4569: 4557: 4533: 4485: 4458: 4398: 3532:establishment of a minimum term for 2387: 1609:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs 1219:Differences from the Catholic Church 1085:History of Eastern Orthodox theology 41:Please help consolidate the article. 18: 9109: 8700:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 7014:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 6887: 6776:, Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers, 5606: 5439:from the original on 12 August 2016 5211:The Council of Nicaea and the Bible 5122: 5093: 5081: 4890: 3928:According to Protestant theologian 3913: 3719:agreed to what became known as the 3249:was popular, especially for use in 2407: 931:Other possible ecumenical councils: 694:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania 13: 8255:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 7222:The Journal of Theological Studies 7190: 6462:Journal of Early Christian Studies 6219:, Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 5957:; Williams, Frank (trans) (1994), 5845: 5500: 4947: 3293:and, Before being born He was not, 2979:The bishops were then to assemble 2960:in North Africa, first appointing 2881:Archbishop Alexander of Alexandria 14: 14178: 7263: 6965:Rusch, William G (trans) (1980), 6675:, New York: Thames & Hudson, 5982:Contra Constantium Augustum Liber 3783: 3778: 3626:declaration of the invalidity of 3576:provision for agreement with the 3507:Promulgation (Catholic canon law) 3468:Resolution of the Melitian schism 3275:of one substance with the Father, 2895:; Alexander taught that Jesus as 801:American Orthodox Catholic Church 14094: 14082: 14070: 14058: 14033: 14032: 14021: 13149:State church of the Roman Empire 12868: 11146: 11145: 11134: 11102:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 10650:Criticism of the Catholic Church 9062: 9050: 8381:Fourth Council of Constantinople 8336:Second Council of Constantinople 7714:State church of the Roman Empire 6837:The Arians of the Fourth Century 6505:, San Francisco: HarperCollins, 5734:Defence of the Nicene Definition 5466: 5451: 5414: 5392: 4845:, Book 3, Chapter 1, Section 10. 3450:generated numerous controversies 2722: 2673: 2633:Basel–Ferrara–Florence (1431–42) 2470: 2424: 2406: 2397: 2396: 2386: 2377: 2376: 1815:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church 1686: 704:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg 244: 79: 23: 14127:First seven ecumenical councils 13132:First seven ecumenical councils 9269:First seven ecumenical councils 8351:Third Council of Constantinople 8275:First Council of Constantinople 7545:First seven ecumenical councils 7409:First seven ecumenical councils 7329:First seven ecumenical councils 7270:Canons of the Council of Nicaea 7197:Fernández, Samuel, ed. (2024). 7002:History of the Christian Church 5819: 5672:A Letter to the African Bishops 5495: 5423:"Nicæa and the Roman Precedent" 5370: 5355: 5329: 5320: 5316:. Christian literature Company. 5303: 5291: 5279: 5254: 5227: 5216: 5203: 5173: 5161: 5144: 5128: 5116: 5087: 5046: 5031: 5021:, Yale University Press, 1984, 5011: 4998: 4985: 4952: 4941: 4930: 4896: 4866: 4800: 4744: 4693: 4673: 4667: 4644: 4608: 4599: 4035: 4020: 4005: 3308:First Council of Constantinople 3271:God from God, light from light, 3218: 3204:first seven ecumenical councils 3173:First Council of Constantinople 3171:and the Latin bishops from the 3164:sýnodon oikoumenikḕn synekrótei 3158:σύνοδον οἰκουμενικὴν συνεκρότει 1024:Christianization of Kievan Rus' 885:First Seven Ecumenical Councils 134:First Council of Constantinople 13999:Relations with other religions 13405:Church of the East (Nestorian) 13400:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) 12565:Separation of church and state 12234:Formal and material principles 12219:Separation of church and state 9844:Separation of church and state 8590:Dissolution of the monasteries 7856:History of the Catholic Church 6864:The Christological Controversy 5520:Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers 5513:Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers 5183:(1995). Andrew Hunwick (ed.). 4960:"Heroes of the Fourth Century" 4091: 3900: 3536:(persons studying for baptism) 3519:Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers 3070: 2875:, his origin, and relation to 2828:issue of the divine nature of 158:Pope Alexander I of Alexandria 1: 12229:Hymnody of continental Europe 11380:Apostles in the New Testament 8464:Fourth Council of the Lateran 8439:Second Council of the Lateran 8048:Apostles in the New Testament 6802:Newman, Albert Henry (1899), 6563:Dictionary of the Middle Ages 5822:The Seven Ecumenical Councils 5401:"Apologia de Fuga, chapter 4" 3990: 3560:provision for two provincial 3503:Collections of ancient canons 3306:The creed was amended by the 2851: 1955:Non-Chalcedonian Christianity 1833:History of Oriental Orthodoxy 1793:French Coptic Orthodox Church 1454:Intercession of the Theotokos 1229:Opposition to papal supremacy 1048:Moscow–Constantinople schism 749:Switzerland and Liechtenstein 201:Documents and statements 8578:Catholic Counter-Reformation 8444:Third Council of the Lateran 8434:First Council of the Lateran 7890:Catholic ecumenical councils 4768:Mirbt, Carl Theodor (1911). 3920:Primacy of the Roman pontiff 3345: 3163: 3132: 2844:, and promulgation of early 2774: 2556:Constantinople III (680–681) 1019:Christianization of Bulgaria 7: 14117:4th-century church councils 13706:Views on poverty and wealth 11677:Eastern Orthodox opposition 7110:Vallaud, Dominique (1995), 6968:The Trinitarian Controversy 6456:Kelhoffer, James A (2011), 6422:. Ediburgh: T&T Clark. 6306:, Oxford University Press, 6159:The Building of Christendom 6099:Barnes, Timothy D. (1981). 6012:; Walford, Edward (trans), 6010:Photios I of Constantinople 5223:Preface to Tobit and Judith 5168:McDonald & Sanders 2002 5037:"A History of the Church", 3977: 3213: 2923:in the Alexandrian church. 2566:Constantinople IV (869–870) 1574:Photios I of Constantinople 1091:20th century (Neo-Palamism) 1014:Christianization of Georgia 10: 14183: 13951:World Evangelical Alliance 13913:Traditionalist Catholicism 11694:Art patronage of Julius II 11141:Catholic Church portal 7924:History of the Roman Curia 7274:Wisconsin Lutheran College 7078:10.1177/002182868401500302 7032:The Councils of the Church 6805:A Manual of Church History 6213:Davis, Leo Donald (1983), 6030:Anatolios, Khaled (2011), 5754:Ad Afros Epistola Synodica 5588:Socrates of Constantinople 5479:The First Council of Nicæa 5399:Athanasius of Alexandria. 5377:Athanasius of Alexandria. 4771:"Nicaea, Council of" 4663:Ad Afros Epistola Synodica 3917: 3859: 3840: 3787: 3711:having ended in 311 under 3700: 3644: 3596:those who were fulfilling 3496: 3222: 3157: 3121: 3078:Socrates of Constantinople 3034:Patrophilus of Scythopolis 3004:'s household given in the 2860: 2763: 2312:Apostolic Church-Ordinance 1950:Oriental Orthodox Theology 1695:Oriental Orthodox churches 1224:Opposition to the Filioque 767:Noncanonical jurisdictions 14016: 13966: 13946:World Council of Churches 13921: 13839: 13723: 13714: 13669: 13454: 13438: 13433:Latter Day Saint movement 13418: 13378: 13278: 13259: 13205: 13162: 13107: 13013: 12992: 12951: 12919: 12876: 12786: 12621: 12540: 12469: 12404: 12326: 12257: 12197:Calvinist–Arminian debate 12171: 11938: 11821: 11657: 11548: 11430: 11328: 11217: 11199: 11129: 11067:Aid to the Church in Need 11057: 10914: 10727: 10688:Vatican Television Center 10663: 10573: 10463: 10333:Eastern Catholic Churches 10314: 10203: 10096: 10043: 9968: 9939: 9864: 9789: 9724: 9669: 9588: 9458: 9372: 9304: 9249: 9168: 9145: 9117: 9045: 8945: 8811: 8738: 8673: 8660:European wars of religion 8557: 8492: 8394: 8316: 8207: 8130: 7990: 7979: 7971:Eastern Catholic Churches 7846: 7780: 7762:Conference of Addis Ababa 7677: 7630: 7575: 7530: 7396: 7327: 7095:The Catholic Encyclopedia 7029:Tanner, Norman P (2001), 6904:Lutz von Padberg (1998), 6638:The Catholic Encyclopedia 6620:The Catholic Encyclopedia 6372:The Story of Christianity 6184:Danker, Frederick William 5364:Conciliengeschichte, v. 1 5362:von Hefele, Karl (1855). 5234:Gallagher, Edmon (2015). 4616:Danker, Frederick William 3891:Council of Constantinople 3493:Promulgation of canon law 3379: 3182:in the church through an 3167:) and a letter in 382 to 2962:Miltiades, Bishop of Rome 2857:Alexandrian controversies 2812:in the church through an 1985:Anaphora of Saint Gregory 1461:The four fasting periods: 1342:Eastern Orthodox marriage 950:Other important councils: 806:American World Patriarchs 724:Great Britain and Ireland 216: 199: 180: 163: 149: 139: 127: 98: 90: 78: 73: 14122:320s in the Roman Empire 13974:Anti-Christian sentiment 13154:Christian biblical canon 12686:Christian existentialism 11009:Communion and Liberation 10473:Eastern Catholic liturgy 9638:Mystici Corporis Christi 9566:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 8791:Mary of the Divine Heart 8414:Clash against the empire 8366:Second Council of Nicaea 8260:Old St. Peter's Basilica 7579:Oriental Orthodox Church 6502:Early Christian Doctrine 6156:Carroll, Warren (1987), 6101:Constantine and Eusebius 5882:On the Keeping of Easter 5856:Athanasius of Alexandria 5749:Athanasius of Alexandria 5724:Athanasius of Alexandria 5473:First Council of Nicæa. 5336:Schaff & Schaff 1910 5158:, pp. 15–16, 23, 93 5052:Eusebius Pamphilius and 4795:Schaff & Schaff 1910 4087:On the Keeping of Easter 4074:, pp. 234–235, 678. 3747:and the tearing down of 3709:Diocletianic Persecution 3040:, Theonas of Marmarike, 3026:Bishop Sylvestor of Rome 2995:Attendance and logistics 2973:Bishop Hosius of Corduba 2937:Diocletianic Persecution 2889:Athanasius of Alexandria 2832:and his relationship to 2167:Athanasius of Alexandria 1504:Athanasius of Alexandria 754:United States of America 546:Czech Lands and Slovakia 368:Four Marks of the Church 170:318 (traditional number) 115:Oriental Orthodox Church 36:too many section headers 14028:Christianity portal 13187:Investiture Controversy 11193:History of Christianity 9824:Philosophy of canon law 9754:Mariology of the saints 9334:Investiture Controversy 9057:Vatican City portal 8409:Investiture Controversy 8265:First Council of Nicaea 7754:Synod of Constantinople 7535:Eastern Orthodox Church 7256:Encyclopædia Britannica 7112:Dictionnaire Historique 7035:, New York: Crossroad, 7010:Smith, Mark S. (2018). 6061:The Coptic Encyclopedia 6059:Atiya, Aziz S. (1991), 5888:The Life of Constantine 5006:The Rise of Christendom 4781:Encyclopædia Britannica 3674:over the Nicene Creed. 3545:virgines subintroductae 3398:consigned to the flames 3392:, in addition to being 3289:And in the Holy Spirit. 3235:the Emperor Constantine 3208:history of Christianity 3010:Caecilianus of Carthage 2718:First Council of Nicaea 2551:Constantinople II (553) 2431:Christianity portal 2197:Dioscorus of Alexandria 2152:Nine Saints of Ethiopia 2147:Gregory the Illuminator 2083:Orthodox Tewahedo Bible 1857:Saint Thomas Christians 1337:Eastern Orthodox bowing 238:Eastern Orthodox Church 212:, and a synodal epistle 110:Eastern Orthodox Church 74:First Council of Nicaea 14167:Nature of Jesus Christ 13979:Christian universalism 13370:Western Rite Orthodoxy 13215:Protestant Reformation 12754:Fourth Great Awakening 12641:Second Great Awakening 11880:Fall of Constantinople 11672:Development of primacy 11077:Catholic Charities USA 10711:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 10699:Vatican Polyglot Press 9749:Mariology of the popes 9387:Protestant Reformation 9069:Catholicism portal 8880:Second Vatican Council 8766:Our Lady of La Salette 8573:Protestant Reformation 8560:Protestant Reformation 8479:Second Council of Lyon 7868:Ecclesiastical history 7286:, from the above site. 7278:Asia Lutheran Seminary 6532:Early Christian Creeds 6474:10.1353/earl.2011.0053 6278:Edwards, Mark (2009). 5510:; Wace, Henry (eds.), 3865: 3741:traditional sacrifices 3658: 3304: 3241: 2680:Catholicism portal 2525:Constantinople I (381) 2257:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel 2010:Liturgy of Saint Cyril 2005:Liturgy of Saint Basil 2000:Liturgy of Saint James 1614:Eastern Orthodox cross 779:Spiritual Christianity 13637:Anointing of the Sick 12749:Reformed epistemology 12691:Third Great Awakening 12661:Seventh-day Adventist 12582:First Great Awakening 12455:Book of Common Prayer 12249:Protestant work ethic 11792:Independent Catholics 11743:Monastery dissolution 10831:Good Shepherd Sisters 10673:Holy See Press Office 9911:Doctors of the Church 9744:Immaculate Conception 9699:Anointing of the Sick 9234:History of the papacy 8776:First Vatican Council 8474:First Council of Lyon 8238:Constantine the Great 7934:Christian monasticism 7245:John Anthony McGuckin 7114:(in French), Fayard, 6941:When Jesus became God 6936:Rubenstein, Richard E 6790:McLay, Denis (2015), 6558:Strayer, Joseph Reese 6186:(2000), "οἰκουμένη", 5955:Epiphanius of Salamis 5876:Constantine the Great 5825:, NPNF2, vol. 14 5666:Eustathius of Antioch 5640:Constantine the Great 5544:Anatolius of Laodicea 5170:, Apendex D2, Note 19 5065:17 April 2018 at the 4893:, Book 7, Chapter 18. 4821:, Book 7, Chapter 33. 4807:Lutz von Padberg 1998 4618:(2000), "οἰκουμένη", 4164:, pp. 46, 57–60. 4111:, pp. 43–44, 46. 3959:Karl Josef von Hefele 3851:Theophilus of Antioch 3832:, he claims that the 3733:Edict of Thessalonica 3652: 3258: 3232: 3058:Macarius of Jerusalem 3050:Eustathius of Antioch 3042:Secundus of Ptolemais 2933:Peter I of Alexandria 2910:Eusebius of Nicomedia 2262:Geevarghese Gregorios 1973:Anaphora & Rites: 1968:Liturgy and practices 1624:Statistics by country 1549:Maximus the Confessor 977:Constantinople (1872) 206:Original Nicene Creed 144:Emperor Constantine I 13958:Nondenominationalism 13831:Role in civilization 13298:Independent Catholic 13240:Relations with Islam 13220:Catholic Reformation 12572:Edicts of toleration 12381:Three Forms of Unity 12146:Bohemian Reformation 11719:Catholic Reformation 11576:Roman state religion 11395:Council of Jerusalem 10704:L'Osservatore Romano 10642:Role in civilisation 10368:Croatian and Serbian 10116:Episcopal conference 10078:St. Peter's Basilica 9436:Sexual abuse scandal 9392:Catholic Reformation 8953:Sexual abuse scandal 8862:Mit brennender Sorge 8705:Age of Enlightenment 8484:Bernard of Clairvaux 8361:Byzantine Iconoclasm 8300:Council of Chalcedon 8080:Council of Jerusalem 7949:Role in civilization 7929:Religious institutes 7861:By country or region 7770:Pan-Orthodox Council 6997:Schaff, David Schley 5793:, NPNF2, vol. 6 5711:, NPNF2, vol. 4 5674:quoted by Theodoret" 5648:quoted by Theodoret" 5627:, NPNF2, vol. 3 5582:, NPNF2, vol. 2 5531:, NPNF2, vol. 1 5300:, Book 2, Chapter 41 5125:, Book 1, Chapter 20 5096:, Book 1, Chapter 17 5084:, Book 1, Chapter 16 4881:, Book 3, Chapter 1. 4726:earlychurchtexts.com 4473:, pp. 215, 380. 3525:prohibition of self- 3314:Distinctive elements 3186:representing all of 2914:Eusebius of Caesarea 2664:Vatican II (1962–65) 2297:Patriarch of Antioch 1864:Ecumenical Councils: 1827:History and theology 1752:Independent churches 1559:Theodore the Studite 1524:Gregory of Nazianzus 1382:Russian bell ringing 1307:Liturgical entrances 1117:Essence vs. Energies 1112:Contemplative prayer 865:Evangelical Orthodox 687:Episcopal assemblies 410:Ecumenical Patriarch 363:Apostolic succession 94:May to August AD 325 14004:Unlimited atonement 13989:Cultural Christians 13428:Jehovah's Witnesses 13050:Sermon on the Mount 12979:Christian tradition 12906:Lists of Christians 12744:Liberation theology 12651:Jehovah's Witnesses 12484:Radical Reformation 12212:Resistance theories 12099:Christian mysticism 12094:Early Scholasticism 11806:Ecclesial community 11704:Counter-Reformation 11569:Constantinian shift 11039:Neocatechumenal Way 11004:Charismatic Renewal 10718:Annuario Pontificio 10316:Particular churches 9992:Ecumenical councils 9764:Perpetual virginity 9599:Communitas perfecta 9543:Sermon on the Mount 8781:Papal infallibility 8771:Our Lady of Lourdes 8720:Shimabara Rebellion 8564:Counter-Reformation 7667:Synod of Beth Lapat 7321:Ecumenical councils 7252:"Council of Nicaea" 7234:10.1093/jts/flaa036 7152:The Orthodox Church 7070:1984JHA....15..177T 6667:Loyn, Henry Royston 6326:Life in the Trinity 5884:quoted by Eusebius" 5563:Eusebius Pamphilius 5552:quoted by Eusebius" 5113:, Book 1, Chapter 6 4653:, Book 3, Chapter 6 4596:, pp. 108–109. 4584:, pp. 104–108. 4572:, pp. 102–104. 4548:, pp. 160–161. 4512:, pp. 157–158. 4413:, pp. 156–157. 4371:, pp. 155–156. 4332:, pp. 152–153. 4320:, pp. 557–558. 4296:, pp. 146–151. 4284:, pp. 113–114. 4212:, pp. 134–135. 4140:, pp. 130–132. 3804:Muratorian fragment 3697:Role of Constantine 3690:First Synod of Tyre 3683:Julian the Apostate 3564:to be held annually 3556:metropolitan bishop 3153:Life of Constantine 3054:Marcellus of Ancyra 2775:Sýnodos tês Nikaías 2764:Σύνοδος τῆς Νικαίας 2659:Vatican I (1869–70) 2651:19th–20th centuries 2638:Lateran V (1512–17) 2628:Constance (1414–18) 2620:15th–16th centuries 2574:12th–14th centuries 2489:Ecumenical councils 2370:Links and resources 2292:Catholicos of India 2132:Cyril of Alexandria 1783:Autonomous churches 1771:Malabar Independent 1569:Cyril and Methodius 1539:Cyril of Alexandria 1426:Liturgical calendar 1242:Liturgy and worship 878:Ecumenical councils 281:History of theology 13849:Crusading movement 13117:Ante-Nicene period 12818:Oriental Orthodoxy 12461:King James Version 12273:Ninety-five Theses 12069:Apostolic Brethren 11843:Church of the East 11838:Oriental Orthodoxy 11684:Crusading movement 11204:Early Christianity 10876:Premonstratensians 9259:Ante-Nicene period 9137:Lists of Catholics 8826:Our Lady of Fátima 8615:Ignatius of Loyola 8539:Catherine of Siena 8507:Pope Boniface VIII 8326:Benedict of Nursia 8295:Council of Ephesus 8132:Ante-Nicene period 8085:Split with Judaism 7919:Crusading movement 7746:Synod of Jerusalem 7659:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 7634:Church of the East 7378:Constantinople III 7241:The Road to Nicaea 6914:], P. Reclam, 6828:Newman, John Henry 5978:Hilary of Poitiers 5898:Chronicon Paschale 5861:The Synodal Letter 5767:Eusebius Pamphilus 5692:Theodoret of Cyrus 5430:The Trinity Review 5338:, pp. 275–276 5181:Paul T. d' Holbach 4831:Chronicon Paschale 4676:, pp. 292–294 4536:, pp. 99–100. 4176:, pp. 1, 6–7. 4008:, pp. 112–114 3830:Prologue to Judith 3659: 3479:laying on of hands 3242: 3106:ecumenical council 3100:Ecumenical Council 3046:Theognis of Nicaea 3022:Domnus of Pannonia 3018:Marcus of Calabria 2883:and the presbyter 2806:ecumenical council 2592:Lateran III (1179) 2317:Coptic monasticism 2232:Michael the Syrian 2207:Abraham of Farshut 2202:Severus of Antioch 1679:Oriental Orthodoxy 1519:Cyril of Jerusalem 1449:Feast of Orthodoxy 744:Spain and Portugal 252:Christ Pantocrator 120:Church of the East 14046: 14045: 14012: 14011: 13940:Charta Oecumenica 13450: 13449: 13440:Iglesia ni Cristo 13255: 13254: 13235:French Revolution 13225:Thirty Years' War 13097:Apostolic fathers 13065:Great Commandment 12836: 12835: 12813:Eastern Orthodoxy 12681:Finnish Awakening 12636:Holiness movement 12577:Congregationalism 12536: 12535: 12396:Metrical psalters 11833:Eastern Orthodoxy 11777:Neo-Scholasticism 11484:Canon development 11385:Jewish Christians 11159: 11158: 10569: 10568: 9962: 9785: 9784: 9477: 9454: 9453: 9446:COVID-19 pandemic 9416:French Revolution 9406:Thirty Years' War 9314:Islamic conquests 9227:Apostolic fathers 9162: 9077: 9076: 9037:COVID-19 pandemic 9015:Pope Benedict XVI 8920:Pope John Paul II 8695:Pope Benedict XIV 8681:French Revolution 8665:Thirty Years' War 8655:Robert Bellarmine 8640:John of the Cross 8544:Pope Alexander VI 8529:Council of Vienne 8459:Francis of Assisi 8449:Pope Innocent III 8318:Early Middle Ages 8312: 8311: 8308: 8307: 8250:Arian controversy 8203: 8202: 8151:Apostolic Fathers 7802: 7801: 7730:Quinisext Council 7631:Recognized by the 7576:Recognized by the 7553:Constantinople IV 7531:Recognized by the 7416:Constantinople IV 7398:Recognized by the 7370:Constantinople II 7212:978-3-657-79640-3 7175:978-0-232-51692-0 7121:978-2-2135-9322-7 7042:978-0-8245-1904-9 6978:978-0-8006-1410-2 6951:978-0-15-100368-6 6921:978-3-15-017015-1 6874:978-0-8006-1411-9 6847:978-0-268-02012-5 6783:978-1-56563-517-3 6756:978-0-300-11596-3 6741:MacMullen, Ramsay 6682:978-0-500-27645-7 6603:978-0-88141-007-5 6588:L'Huillier, Peter 6573:978-0-684-18278-0 6542:978-0-582-49219-6 6512:978-0-06-064334-8 6382:978-1-56563-522-7 6367:González, Justo L 6336:978-0-8308-3873-8 6321:Fairbairn, Donald 6313:978-1-280-84545-1 6226:978-0-8146-5616-7 6199:978-0-226-03933-6 6169:978-0-931888-24-3 6043:978-0-8010-3132-8 6023:Secondary sources 6002:The Book of Times 5963:, Leiden: Brill, 5947:978-0-8132-1168-8 5903:Paschal Chronicle 5242:. p. 369-370 5196:978-3-11-081141-4 5140:978-0-520-24104-6 4631:978-0-226-03933-6 4461:, pp. 96–97. 4437:, pp. 82–86. 4188:, pp. 47–50. 3762:Hosius of Cordova 3142: 3130: 2863:Arian controversy 2822:Hosius of Corduba 2816:representing all 2772: 2714: 2713: 2597:Lateran IV (1215) 2587:Lateran II (1139) 2543:6th–9th centuries 2512:4th–5th centuries 2465: 2464: 2332:Coonan Cross Oath 2247:Giyorgis of Segla 2172:Ephrem the Syrian 1729:Orthodox Tewahedo 1663: 1662: 1514:Basil of Caesarea 1509:Ephrem the Syrian 1392:Sign of the cross 1367:Paschal troparion 1147:Mystical theology 957:Quinisext Council 658:Semi-Autonomous: 303:View of salvation 223: 222: 154:Hosius of Corduba 67: 66: 59: 14174: 14099: 14098: 14097: 14087: 14086: 14075: 14074: 14073: 14063: 14062: 14054: 14036: 14035: 14026: 14025: 13869:Environmentalism 13819:Church buildings 13721: 13720: 13536:Eastern Orthodox 13531:Eastern Catholic 13443: 13442: 13410:Eastern Catholic 13388:Eastern Orthodox 13276: 13275: 13197:Age of Discovery 13182:East–West Schism 13080:Great Commission 13011: 13010: 12863: 12856: 12849: 12840: 12839: 12255: 12254: 11642:Non-Chalcedonian 11623:Constantinople I 11415:General epistles 11410:Pauline epistles 11390:Paul the Apostle 11368:Great Commission 11186: 11179: 11172: 11163: 11162: 11149: 11148: 11139: 11138: 10881:Redemptoristines 10729:Religious orders 10655:Anti-Catholicism 10605:Church buildings 10465:Catholic liturgy 10205:Consecrated life 10063:Apostolic Palace 10030:Synod of Bishops 9966: 9965: 9942: 9548:Ten Commandments 9481: 9480: 9463: 9364:Age of Discovery 9198:Great Commission 9166: 9165: 9150: 9104: 9097: 9090: 9081: 9080: 9067: 9066: 9055: 9054: 9053: 9032:Patriarch Kirill 8905:Pope John Paul I 8710:Anti-clericalism 8690:Pope Innocent XI 8610:Society of Jesus 8595:Council of Trent 8549:Age of Discovery 8494:Late Middle Ages 8396:High Middle Ages 8386:East–West Schism 8270:Pope Sylvester I 8216: 8215: 8205: 8204: 8115:General epistles 8110:Pauline epistles 8043:John the Baptist 8026:Great Commission 7988: 7987: 7939:Catholic culture 7829: 7822: 7815: 7806: 7805: 7793: 7790: 7773: 7765: 7757: 7749: 7741: 7733: 7725: 7709: 7697: 7670: 7662: 7654: 7651:Constantinople I 7646: 7623: 7615: 7607: 7599: 7596:Constantinople I 7591: 7568: 7564:Constantinople V 7558: 7547: 7537: 7523: 7515: 7507: 7499: 7491: 7483: 7475: 7467: 7459: 7451: 7443: 7435: 7427: 7419: 7411: 7389: 7381: 7373: 7365: 7357: 7349: 7346:Constantinople I 7341: 7314: 7307: 7300: 7291: 7290: 7259: 7258:, 2 January 2024 7237: 7216: 7203:Brill Publishers 7185: 7184: 7182: 7155: 7143: 7124: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7088: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7025: 7006: 6988: 6987: 6985: 6961: 6960: 6958: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6798: 6786: 6773:The Canon Debate 6766: 6765: 6763: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6716:M'Clintock, John 6711: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6662: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6492: 6452: 6433: 6416:Hanson, R. P. C. 6411: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6362: 6351:Gelzer, Heinrich 6346: 6345: 6343: 6316: 6295: 6274: 6255: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6152: 6133: 6114: 6095: 6073: 6055: 6046: 6018: 6005: 5989: 5973: 5950: 5932:Chrysostom, John 5927: 5926: 5924: 5919:on 30 April 2016 5906: 5890: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5851: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5832:The Nicene Creed 5826: 5814: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5762: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5700: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5616: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5583: 5571: 5558: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5517: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5470: 5464: 5463: 5455: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5438: 5427: 5418: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5374: 5368: 5367: 5359: 5353: 5348: 5339: 5333: 5327: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5288:, pp. 46–47 5283: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5231: 5225: 5220: 5214: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5177: 5171: 5165: 5159: 5148: 5142: 5132: 5126: 5120: 5114: 5108: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5079: 5070: 5050: 5044: 5035: 5029: 5015: 5009: 5002: 4996: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4968: 4967: 4956: 4950: 4945: 4939: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4900: 4894: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4846: 4840: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4773: 4765: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4697: 4691: 4686: 4677: 4671: 4665: 4660: 4654: 4651:Vita Constantini 4648: 4642: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4612: 4606: 4603: 4597: 4591: 4585: 4579: 4573: 4567: 4561: 4555: 4549: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4474: 4468: 4462: 4456: 4450: 4444: 4438: 4432: 4426: 4420: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4387: 4381: 4372: 4366: 4360: 4354: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4279: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4255: 4249: 4243: 4237: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4129: 4123: 4112: 4106: 4100: 4095: 4089: 4084: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4038:, pp. 44–94 4033: 4024: 4018: 4009: 4003: 3963:Diocese of Egypt 3924:East–West Schism 3914:Disputed matters 3895:Gregory of Nyssa 3868: 3862: 3861: 3657:'s Sistine Salon 3632:Paulian heretics 3623:(Holy Communion) 3616:among the clergy 3547:, who practiced 3541:vows of chastity 3521:are as follows: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3137: 3135: 3125: 3123: 2966:Council of Arles 2777: 2767: 2765: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2744: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2706: 2699: 2692: 2678: 2677: 2612:Vienne (1311–12) 2582:Lateran I (1123) 2504: 2474: 2467: 2466: 2457: 2450: 2443: 2429: 2428: 2410: 2409: 2400: 2399: 2390: 2389: 2380: 2379: 2352:Tewahedo fasting 2307:Ethiopian titles 2222:Gregory of Narek 2217:Simon the Tanner 2107:St. Thomas Cross 1995:West Syriac Rite 1980:Alexandrian Rite 1876:Constantinople I 1847:Tewahedo history 1690: 1680: 1665: 1664: 1655: 1648: 1641: 1554:John of Damascus 1529:Gregory of Nyssa 1357:Paschal greeting 1322:Memorial service 1132:Hypostatic union 1009:Byzantine Empire 794:Old Calendarists 415:Episcopal polity 358:Christian Church 248: 225: 224: 140:Convoked by 99:Accepted by 83: 71: 70: 62: 55: 51: 48: 42: 27: 26: 19: 14182: 14181: 14177: 14176: 14175: 14173: 14172: 14171: 14107: 14106: 14105: 14095: 14093: 14081: 14071: 14069: 14057: 14049: 14047: 14042: 14020: 14008: 13962: 13917: 13835: 13716: 13710: 13665: 13590:One true church 13446: 13414: 13374: 13263: 13251: 13201: 13158: 13103: 13030:in Christianity 13016: 13002: 12996: 12988: 12947: 12923: 12915: 12872: 12867: 12837: 12832: 12782: 12769:Christian right 12671:Oxford Movement 12646:Restorationists 12617: 12532: 12465: 12400: 12351:Presbyterianism 12322: 12302:Book of Concord 12253: 12177: 12175: 12167: 11934: 11824: 11817: 11653: 11552: 11544: 11503:Clement of Rome 11433: 11426: 11330: 11324: 11213: 11195: 11190: 11160: 11155: 11133: 11125: 11104: 11087:Relief Services 11053: 10999:Catholic Action 10989:Military orders 10926:Confraternities 10918:of the faithful 10917: 10910: 10732: 10723: 10659: 10565: 10459: 10318: 10310: 10243:Prior, Prioress 10199: 10092: 10088:Vatican Museums 10039: 9972: 9958: 9954: 9950: 9946: 9941: 9935: 9860: 9814:Social teaching 9781: 9720: 9665: 9620:One true church 9584: 9561:Sixtine Vulgate 9557:Official Bible 9471: 9467: 9462: 9450: 9368: 9300: 9245: 9215:Petrine primacy 9158: 9154: 9149: 9141: 9113: 9111:Catholic Church 9108: 9078: 9073: 9061: 9051: 9049: 9041: 8963:World Youth Day 8941: 8930:World Youth Day 8874:Pacem in terris 8868:Pope John XXIII 8807: 8734: 8725:Edict of Nantes 8683: 8679: 8669: 8635:Teresa of Ávila 8630:Tridentine Mass 8566: 8562: 8553: 8534:Knights Templar 8488: 8390: 8346:Gregorian chant 8304: 8230: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8211: 8199: 8126: 7995: 7983: 7975: 7842: 7840:Catholic Church 7833: 7803: 7798: 7797: 7796: 7791: 7787: 7776: 7768: 7760: 7752: 7744: 7736: 7728: 7712: 7700: 7684: 7673: 7665: 7657: 7649: 7641: 7632: 7626: 7618: 7610: 7602: 7594: 7586: 7577: 7571: 7561: 7550: 7543: 7533: 7532: 7526: 7518: 7510: 7502: 7494: 7486: 7478: 7470: 7462: 7454: 7446: 7438: 7430: 7422: 7414: 7407: 7400:Catholic Church 7399: 7392: 7384: 7376: 7368: 7360: 7352: 7344: 7336: 7323: 7318: 7272:, sponsored by 7266: 7250: 7213: 7193: 7191:Further reading 7188: 7180: 7178: 7176: 7160:Williams, Rowan 7154:, Penguin Adult 7140: 7122: 7101: 7099: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7022: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6926: 6924: 6922: 6895: 6893: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6832:Williams, Rowan 6818: 6816: 6784: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6731: 6729: 6708: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6672:The Middle Ages 6644: 6642: 6626: 6624: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6449: 6430: 6408: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6314: 6292: 6271: 6252: 6231: 6229: 6227: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6149: 6130: 6111: 6092: 6071: 6044: 6025: 5971: 5948: 5922: 5920: 5866: 5864: 5837: 5835: 5829: 5796: 5794: 5787: 5777: 5775: 5739: 5737: 5714: 5712: 5705: 5682: 5680: 5656: 5654: 5630: 5628: 5621: 5598: 5596: 5534: 5532: 5525: 5506: 5503: 5501:Primary sources 5498: 5493: 5483: 5481: 5471: 5467: 5456: 5452: 5442: 5440: 5436: 5425: 5419: 5415: 5405: 5403: 5397: 5393: 5383: 5381: 5375: 5371: 5360: 5356: 5349: 5342: 5334: 5330: 5325: 5321: 5308: 5304: 5296: 5292: 5284: 5280: 5270: 5268: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5245: 5243: 5232: 5228: 5221: 5217: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5178: 5174: 5166: 5162: 5149: 5145: 5133: 5129: 5121: 5117: 5109: 5100: 5092: 5088: 5080: 5073: 5067:Wayback Machine 5051: 5047: 5036: 5032: 5016: 5012: 5003: 4999: 4993:Medieval Worlds 4990: 4986: 4978: 4971: 4958: 4957: 4953: 4946: 4942: 4935: 4931: 4925:L'Huillier 1996 4923: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4901: 4897: 4889: 4885: 4877: 4873: 4865: 4861: 4853: 4849: 4841: 4837: 4829: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4805: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4766: 4757: 4749: 4745: 4737: 4733: 4720: 4719: 4715: 4705: 4703: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4689:Kieckhefer 1989 4687: 4680: 4672: 4668: 4661: 4657: 4649: 4645: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4613: 4609: 4604: 4600: 4592: 4588: 4580: 4576: 4568: 4564: 4556: 4552: 4544: 4540: 4532: 4528: 4520: 4516: 4508: 4504: 4496: 4492: 4484: 4477: 4469: 4465: 4457: 4453: 4445: 4441: 4433: 4429: 4421: 4417: 4409: 4405: 4397: 4390: 4382: 4375: 4367: 4363: 4355: 4348: 4340: 4336: 4328: 4324: 4316: 4312: 4304: 4300: 4292: 4288: 4280: 4276: 4268: 4264: 4256: 4252: 4244: 4240: 4232: 4228: 4220: 4216: 4208: 4204: 4196: 4192: 4184: 4180: 4172: 4168: 4160: 4156: 4152:, pp. 5–6. 4148: 4144: 4136: 4132: 4124: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4096: 4092: 4085: 4078: 4070: 4066: 4058: 4054: 4046: 4042: 4034: 4027: 4019: 4012: 4004: 3997: 3993: 3980: 3926: 3916: 3903: 3847:deity of Christ 3843: 3813:Synodicon Vetus 3792: 3786: 3781: 3705: 3699: 3647: 3612:prohibition of 3580:, an early sect 3509: 3497:Main articles: 3495: 3470: 3460:, cited above. 3430:Jewish calendar 3406: 3382: 3348: 3316: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3247:Apostles' Creed 3233:Icon depicting 3227: 3221: 3216: 3102: 3073: 3036:, Narcissus of 3014:Nicasius of Die 3006:Book of Genesis 2997: 2949: 2921:Melitian schism 2869: 2861:Main articles: 2859: 2854: 2752: 2725: 2721: 2710: 2672: 2643:Trent (1545–63) 2561:Nicaea II (787) 2535:Chalcedon (451) 2507: 2494:Catholic Church 2491: 2461: 2423: 2418: 2417: 2416: 2371: 2363: 2362: 2361: 2342:Fast of Nineveh 2337:Ethiopian chant 2276: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2192:Mesrop Mashtots 2126: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2112:Ethiopian cross 2087: 2058: 2024: 1969: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1935: 1861: 1828: 1820: 1819: 1784: 1776: 1775: 1753: 1745: 1678: 1659: 1630: 1629: 1628: 1593: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1579:Gregory Palamas 1534:John Chrysostom 1498: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1458: 1438:12 Great Feasts 1428: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1312:Liturgical fans 1254:Divine Services 1244: 1234: 1233: 1215: 1080: 1070: 1069: 1068: 993: 983: 982: 981: 947: 928: 880: 870: 869: 861: 810: 789:Catacomb Church 768: 760: 759: 758: 729:Italy and Malta 688: 680: 679: 678: 656: 647:Bessarabia (RP) 611: 600: 599: 598: 596: 594: 571: 555: 551:North Macedonia 474: 463: 462: 461: 389: 379: 378: 377: 346: 343: 328: 320: 258: 202: 176: 130: 105:Catholic Church 86: 63: 52: 46: 43: 40: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14180: 14170: 14169: 14164: 14162:Date of Easter 14159: 14154: 14149: 14147:Roman Bithynia 14144: 14139: 14134: 14132:Trinitarianism 14129: 14124: 14119: 14104: 14103: 14091: 14079: 14067: 14044: 14043: 14041: 14040: 14030: 14017: 14014: 14013: 14010: 14009: 14007: 14006: 14001: 13996: 13991: 13986: 13981: 13976: 13970: 13968: 13964: 13963: 13961: 13960: 13955: 13954: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13931: 13925: 13923: 13919: 13918: 13916: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13886: 13881: 13879:Fundamentalism 13876: 13874:Existentialism 13871: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13845: 13843: 13837: 13836: 13834: 13833: 13828: 13827: 13826: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13785: 13784: 13774: 13773: 13772: 13767: 13765:God the Father 13762: 13757: 13752: 13742: 13741: 13740: 13729: 13727: 13718: 13712: 13711: 13709: 13708: 13703: 13698: 13697: 13696: 13686: 13681: 13675: 13673: 13667: 13666: 13664: 13663: 13662: 13661: 13651: 13646: 13645: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13604: 13603: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13585:Body of Christ 13582: 13572: 13567: 13562: 13561: 13560: 13550: 13545: 13544: 13543: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13518: 13513: 13508: 13503: 13498: 13493: 13488: 13487: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13471: 13460: 13458: 13452: 13451: 13448: 13447: 13445: 13444: 13435: 13430: 13424: 13422: 13420:Restorationist 13416: 13415: 13413: 13412: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13396: 13395: 13384: 13382: 13376: 13375: 13373: 13372: 13367: 13366: 13365: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13320: 13315: 13310: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13284: 13282: 13273: 13257: 13256: 13253: 13252: 13250: 13249: 13248: 13247: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13211: 13209: 13203: 13202: 13200: 13199: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13168: 13166: 13160: 13159: 13157: 13156: 13151: 13146: 13145: 13144: 13139: 13129: 13124: 13122:Late antiquity 13119: 13113: 13111: 13105: 13104: 13102: 13101: 13100: 13099: 13092:Church fathers 13089: 13084: 13083: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13021: 13019: 13008: 12990: 12989: 12987: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12955: 12953: 12949: 12948: 12946: 12945: 12940: 12935: 12929: 12927: 12917: 12916: 12914: 12913: 12908: 12903: 12898: 12893: 12888: 12883: 12877: 12874: 12873: 12866: 12865: 12858: 12851: 12843: 12834: 12833: 12831: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12804: 12803: 12798: 12787: 12784: 12783: 12781: 12780: 12775: 12766: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12734:Pentecostalism 12731: 12729:Jesus movement 12726: 12718: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12648: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12627: 12625: 12619: 12618: 12616: 12615: 12606: 12605: 12604: 12594: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12568: 12567: 12557: 12552: 12546: 12544: 12538: 12537: 12534: 12533: 12531: 12530: 12523: 12520:Martyrs Mirror 12516: 12511: 12506: 12504:Martyrs' Synod 12501: 12496: 12494:Swiss Brethren 12491: 12486: 12481: 12475: 12473: 12467: 12466: 12464: 12463: 12458: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12410: 12408: 12402: 12401: 12399: 12398: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12368: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12343: 12338: 12332: 12330: 12324: 12323: 12321: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12305: 12298: 12293: 12292: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12263: 12261: 12252: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12239:Law and Gospel 12236: 12231: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12215: 12214: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12183: 12181: 12169: 12168: 12166: 12165: 12164: 12163: 12153: 12148: 12143: 12138: 12133: 12128: 12127: 12126: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12030: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11994: 11993: 11992: 11991: 11990: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11944: 11942: 11936: 11935: 11933: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11920:Ottoman Empire 11917: 11912: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11872: 11871: 11870: 11865: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11840: 11835: 11829: 11827: 11819: 11818: 11816: 11815: 11810: 11809: 11808: 11794: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11750: 11745: 11740: 11735: 11734: 11733: 11732: 11731: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11680: 11679: 11674: 11663: 11661: 11655: 11654: 11652: 11651: 11649:Biblical canon 11646: 11645: 11644: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11615: 11610: 11605: 11604: 11603: 11598: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11572: 11571: 11560: 11558: 11550:Late antiquity 11546: 11545: 11543: 11542: 11537: 11536: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11498:Church Fathers 11491: 11486: 11481: 11480: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11454: 11449: 11438: 11436: 11428: 11427: 11425: 11424: 11423: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11407: 11402: 11392: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11371: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11340: 11334: 11332: 11326: 11325: 11323: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11221: 11219: 11215: 11214: 11212: 11211: 11206: 11200: 11197: 11196: 11189: 11188: 11181: 11174: 11166: 11157: 11156: 11154: 11153: 11143: 11130: 11127: 11126: 11124: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11108: 11105: 11099: 11094: 11089: 11084: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11063: 11061: 11055: 11054: 11052: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11034:Legion of Mary 11031: 11026: 11021: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10996: 10991: 10986: 10985: 10984: 10983: 10982: 10972: 10971: 10970: 10963:Lay Carmelites 10960: 10950: 10949: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10922: 10920: 10912: 10911: 10909: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10811:Conceptionists 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10746:Assumptionists 10742: 10740: 10725: 10724: 10722: 10721: 10714: 10707: 10700: 10697: 10696: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10675: 10669: 10667: 10661: 10660: 10658: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10613: 10612: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10591: 10590: 10579: 10577: 10571: 10570: 10567: 10566: 10564: 10563: 10562: 10561: 10560: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10514: 10513: 10512: 10511: 10510: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10469: 10467: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10457: 10456: 10455: 10450: 10448:Syro-Malankara 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10398:Italo-Albanian 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10330: 10324: 10322: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10308: 10307: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10286: 10281: 10280: 10279: 10269: 10268: 10267: 10262: 10252: 10247: 10246: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10216: 10209: 10207: 10201: 10200: 10198: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10181: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10125: 10124: 10123: 10118: 10107: 10105: 10094: 10093: 10091: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10068:Lateran Treaty 10065: 10060: 10055: 10049: 10047: 10041: 10040: 10038: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10026: 10025: 10015: 10014: 10013: 10008: 9994: 9989: 9980: 9978: 9963: 9937: 9936: 9934: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9887: 9886: 9881: 9870: 9868: 9862: 9861: 9859: 9858: 9857: 9856: 9851: 9841: 9840: 9839: 9829: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9804:Moral theology 9801: 9795: 9793: 9787: 9786: 9783: 9782: 9780: 9779: 9774: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9730: 9728: 9722: 9721: 9719: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9707: 9706: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9675: 9673: 9667: 9666: 9664: 9663: 9658: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9634: 9629: 9628: 9627: 9622: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9594: 9592: 9586: 9585: 9583: 9582: 9577: 9576: 9575: 9568: 9563: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9504: 9503: 9498: 9487: 9485: 9478: 9456: 9455: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9402: 9401: 9400: 9399: 9389: 9378: 9376: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9319:Pope Gregory I 9316: 9310: 9308: 9302: 9301: 9299: 9298: 9293: 9291:Biblical canon 9288: 9286:Late antiquity 9283: 9282: 9281: 9276: 9266: 9261: 9255: 9253: 9247: 9246: 9244: 9243: 9242: 9241: 9231: 9230: 9229: 9222:Church fathers 9219: 9218: 9217: 9212: 9202: 9201: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9174: 9172: 9163: 9156:Ecclesiastical 9143: 9142: 9140: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9118: 9115: 9114: 9107: 9106: 9099: 9092: 9084: 9075: 9074: 9072: 9071: 9059: 9046: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9011: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8960: 8955: 8949: 8947: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8939: 8938: 8937: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8870: 8865: 8858: 8853: 8851:Lateran Treaty 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8817: 8815: 8809: 8808: 8806: 8805: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8742: 8740: 8736: 8735: 8733: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8686: 8684: 8676:Baroque period 8674: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8645:Peter Canisius 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8620:Francis Xavier 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8584:Exsurge Domine 8580: 8575: 8569: 8567: 8558: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8524:Pope Clement V 8521: 8520: 8519: 8517:Avignon Papacy 8512:Western Schism 8509: 8504: 8502:Thomas Aquinas 8498: 8496: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8400: 8398: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8356:Saint Boniface 8353: 8348: 8343: 8341:Pope Gregory I 8338: 8333: 8328: 8322: 8320: 8314: 8313: 8310: 8309: 8306: 8305: 8303: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8280:Biblical canon 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8246: 8245: 8234: 8232: 8213: 8209:Late antiquity 8201: 8200: 8198: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8176: 8175: 8170: 8169: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8156:Pope Clement I 8146:Church Fathers 8143: 8137: 8135: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8124: 8123: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8071: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8029: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8002: 8000: 7985: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7952: 7951: 7946: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7915: 7914: 7909: 7907:Biblical canon 7902:Catholic Bible 7899: 7898: 7897: 7887: 7886: 7885: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7864: 7863: 7852: 7850: 7844: 7843: 7832: 7831: 7824: 7817: 7809: 7800: 7799: 7795: 7794: 7784: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7766: 7758: 7750: 7742: 7738:Synod of Jassy 7734: 7726: 7710: 7698: 7681: 7679: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7671: 7663: 7655: 7647: 7638: 7636: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7616: 7608: 7600: 7592: 7583: 7581: 7573: 7572: 7570: 7569: 7559: 7548: 7540: 7538: 7528: 7527: 7525: 7524: 7516: 7508: 7500: 7492: 7488:Basel-Florence 7484: 7476: 7468: 7460: 7452: 7444: 7436: 7428: 7420: 7412: 7404: 7402: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7382: 7374: 7366: 7358: 7350: 7342: 7333: 7331: 7325: 7324: 7317: 7316: 7309: 7302: 7294: 7288: 7287: 7281: 7265: 7264:External links 7262: 7261: 7260: 7248: 7238: 7217: 7211: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7186: 7174: 7156: 7144: 7138: 7125: 7120: 7107: 7089: 7053: 7041: 7026: 7020: 7007: 6993:Schaff, Philip 6989: 6977: 6962: 6950: 6932: 6920: 6901: 6885: 6873: 6858: 6846: 6824: 6799: 6787: 6782: 6767: 6755: 6737: 6712: 6706: 6693: 6681: 6663: 6650: 6632: 6614: 6602: 6584: 6572: 6553: 6541: 6523: 6511: 6493: 6468:(4): 589–599, 6453: 6447: 6434: 6428: 6412: 6406: 6393: 6381: 6363: 6347: 6335: 6317: 6312: 6296: 6291:978-0754662914 6290: 6275: 6269: 6256: 6250: 6237: 6225: 6210: 6198: 6180: 6168: 6153: 6147: 6134: 6128: 6115: 6109: 6096: 6090: 6074: 6069: 6056: 6047: 6042: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6020: 6019: 6006: 5998:Temporum Liber 5990: 5974: 5969: 5951: 5946: 5928: 5912:Pentecostarion 5907: 5893: 5892: 5891: 5872: 5852: 5843: 5817: 5816: 5815: 5785: 5784: 5783: 5763: 5745: 5703: 5702: 5701: 5688: 5662: 5619: 5618: 5617: 5604: 5574: 5573: 5572: 5559: 5550:Paschal Canons 5508:Schaff, Philip 5505:Note: NPNF2 = 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5465: 5450: 5413: 5391: 5369: 5354: 5340: 5328: 5319: 5302: 5290: 5286:Fairbairn 2009 5278: 5253: 5226: 5215: 5202: 5195: 5172: 5160: 5143: 5127: 5115: 5098: 5086: 5071: 5054:Schaff, Philip 5045: 5030: 5017:R. MacMullen, 5010: 4997: 4984: 4969: 4951: 4940: 4937:Leclercq 1911a 4929: 4917: 4895: 4883: 4871: 4869:, p. 594. 4859: 4847: 4835: 4823: 4811: 4799: 4797:, Section 120. 4787: 4776:Chisholm, Hugh 4755: 4743: 4731: 4713: 4692: 4678: 4666: 4655: 4643: 4630: 4607: 4598: 4586: 4574: 4562: 4560:, p. 101. 4550: 4538: 4526: 4524:, p. 125. 4514: 4502: 4500:, p. 154. 4490: 4475: 4463: 4451: 4449:, p. 124. 4439: 4427: 4415: 4403: 4388: 4386:, p. 558. 4373: 4361: 4346: 4344:, p. 120. 4334: 4322: 4310: 4298: 4286: 4274: 4272:, p. 137. 4262: 4250: 4248:, p. 542. 4238: 4226: 4224:, p. 557. 4214: 4202: 4200:, p. 554. 4190: 4178: 4166: 4154: 4142: 4130: 4113: 4101: 4098:Leclercq 1911b 4090: 4076: 4064: 4052: 4050:, p. 152. 4040: 4025: 4010: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3979: 3976: 3915: 3912: 3902: 3899: 3842: 3839: 3834:Book of Judith 3796:biblical canon 3788:Main article: 3785: 3784:Biblical canon 3782: 3780: 3779:Misconceptions 3777: 3769:episcopal sees 3725:state religion 3721:Edict of Milan 3698: 3695: 3664:Constantius II 3646: 3643: 3642: 3641: 3634: 3624: 3617: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3574: 3568: 3565: 3558: 3552: 3537: 3530: 3494: 3491: 3469: 3466: 3454:Quartodecimani 3434:spring equinox 3405: 3402: 3394:excommunicated 3381: 3378: 3364: 3363: 3359: 3347: 3344: 3343: 3342: 3334:consubstantial 3326: 3323: 3315: 3312: 3259: 3223:Main article: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3169:Pope Damasus I 3101: 3098: 3072: 3069: 2996: 2993: 2948: 2945: 2943:or Alexander. 2877:God the Father 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2842:date of Easter 2834:God the Father 2826:Christological 2712: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2701: 2694: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2669: 2668: 2667: 2666: 2661: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2609: 2607:Lyon II (1274) 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2545: 2544: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2520:Nicaea I (325) 2514: 2513: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2497: 2496: 2485: 2484: 2476: 2475: 2463: 2462: 2460: 2459: 2452: 2445: 2437: 2434: 2433: 2420: 2419: 2415: 2414: 2404: 2394: 2384: 2373: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2347:Coptic fasting 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2278: 2277: 2275:Related topics 2274: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2242:Tekle Haymanot 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2102:Armenian Cross 2099: 2093: 2092: 2091: 2086: 2085: 2080: 2078:Armenian Bible 2075: 2070: 2064: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2028: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2015:Malankara Rite 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1963: 1962: 1958: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1934: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1852:Syriac history 1849: 1844: 1842:Coptic history 1838: 1837: 1836: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1808: 1802:Constantinople 1795: 1785: 1782: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1764: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1744: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1736: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1692: 1691: 1683: 1682: 1674: 1673: 1661: 1660: 1658: 1657: 1650: 1643: 1635: 1632: 1631: 1627: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1487: 1486: 1480: 1478:Apostles' Fast 1475: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1456: 1451: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1435: 1429: 1424: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1412:Use of incense 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1362:Paschal Homily 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1327:Memory Eternal 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1249:Divine Liturgy 1245: 1240: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1214: 1213: 1206: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1081: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1067: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1046: 1041: 1039:Ottoman Empire 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 999:Church Fathers 995: 994: 989: 988: 985: 984: 980: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 953: 952: 951: 946: 945: 940: 934: 933: 932: 927: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 890: 889: 888: 881: 876: 875: 872: 871: 868: 867: 860: 859: 858: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 819: 818: 817: 809: 808: 803: 798: 797: 796: 791: 784:True Orthodoxy 781: 776: 770: 769: 766: 765: 762: 761: 757: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 690: 689: 686: 685: 682: 681: 677: 676: 671: 666: 660: 655: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 613: 612: 606: 605: 602: 601: 593: 592: 586: 582: 581: 575: 570: 569: 563: 554: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 481:Constantinople 477: 475: 469: 468: 465: 464: 460: 459: 454: 453: 452: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 391: 390: 385: 384: 381: 380: 376: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 349: 348: 347: 332: 329: 326: 325: 322: 321: 319: 318: 313: 306: 299: 297:Holy Mysteries 294: 292:Church history 289: 284: 274: 268: 265: 264: 260: 259: 249: 241: 240: 234: 233: 221: 220: 214: 213: 203: 200: 197: 196: 182: 178: 177: 175: 174: 171: 167: 165: 161: 160: 151: 147: 146: 141: 137: 136: 131: 128: 125: 124: 123: 122: 117: 112: 107: 100: 96: 95: 92: 88: 87: 84: 76: 75: 65: 64: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14179: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14118: 14115: 14114: 14112: 14102: 14092: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14078: 14068: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14055: 14052: 14039: 14031: 14029: 14024: 14019: 14018: 14015: 14005: 14002: 14000: 13997: 13995: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13985: 13982: 13980: 13977: 13975: 13972: 13971: 13969: 13965: 13959: 13956: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13941: 13937: 13936: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13927: 13926: 13924: 13920: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13875: 13872: 13870: 13867: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13846: 13844: 13842: 13838: 13832: 13829: 13825: 13822: 13821: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13814:Popular piety 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13783: 13780: 13779: 13778: 13775: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13748: 13747: 13746: 13743: 13739: 13736: 13735: 13734: 13731: 13730: 13728: 13726: 13722: 13719: 13713: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13695: 13692: 13691: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13677: 13676: 13674: 13672: 13668: 13660: 13657: 13656: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13609: 13608: 13605: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13595:People of God 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13577: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13559: 13556: 13555: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13523: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13497: 13494: 13492: 13489: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13466: 13465: 13462: 13461: 13459: 13457: 13453: 13441: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13425: 13423: 13421: 13417: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13394: 13391: 13390: 13389: 13386: 13385: 13383: 13381: 13377: 13371: 13368: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13305: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13285: 13283: 13281: 13277: 13274: 13271: 13267: 13262: 13261:Denominations 13258: 13246: 13243: 13242: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13230:Enlightenment 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13212: 13210: 13208: 13204: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13169: 13167: 13165: 13161: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13134: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13114: 13112: 13110: 13106: 13098: 13095: 13094: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13027: 13026: 13023: 13022: 13020: 13018: 13012: 13009: 13006: 13000: 12995: 12991: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12956: 12954: 12950: 12944: 12943:New Testament 12941: 12939: 12938:Old Testament 12936: 12934: 12931: 12930: 12928: 12926: 12922: 12918: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12902: 12899: 12897: 12894: 12892: 12889: 12887: 12884: 12882: 12879: 12878: 12875: 12871: 12864: 12859: 12857: 12852: 12850: 12845: 12844: 12841: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12823:Protestantism 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12793: 12792: 12789: 12788: 12785: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12770: 12767: 12764: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12724: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12696:Azusa Revival 12694: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12676:Laestadianism 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12628: 12626: 12624: 12620: 12614: 12613:Old Lutherans 12610: 12607: 12603: 12600: 12599: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12566: 12563: 12562: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12547: 12545: 12543: 12539: 12529: 12528: 12524: 12522: 12521: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12476: 12474: 12472: 12468: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12456: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12415: 12412: 12411: 12409: 12407: 12403: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12333: 12331: 12329: 12325: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12303: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12279:Diet of Worms 12277: 12275: 12274: 12270: 12269: 12268: 12265: 12264: 12262: 12260: 12256: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12213: 12210: 12209: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12184: 12182: 12180: 12179:Protestantism 12174: 12170: 12162: 12159: 12158: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12125: 12122: 12121: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11999: 11998: 11995: 11989: 11986: 11985: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11965: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11945: 11943: 11941: 11937: 11931: 11930:North America 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11860: 11859: 11856: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11830: 11828: 11826: 11820: 11814: 11811: 11807: 11804: 11803: 11802: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11739: 11736: 11730: 11727: 11726: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11706: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11669: 11668: 11665: 11664: 11662: 11660: 11656: 11650: 11647: 11643: 11639: 11636: 11635: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11593: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11570: 11567: 11566: 11565: 11562: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11551: 11547: 11541: 11540:Early African 11538: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11523:Justin Martyr 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11500: 11499: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11444: 11443: 11440: 11439: 11437: 11435: 11429: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11401: 11398: 11397: 11396: 11393: 11391: 11388: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11345: 11344: 11343:Life of Jesus 11341: 11339: 11336: 11335: 11333: 11331:Apostolic Age 11327: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11222: 11220: 11216: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11201: 11198: 11194: 11187: 11182: 11180: 11175: 11173: 11168: 11167: 11164: 11152: 11144: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11131: 11128: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11106: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11082:Home Missions 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11064: 11062: 11060: 11056: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11015: 11012: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11000: 10997: 10995: 10992: 10990: 10987: 10981: 10978: 10977: 10976: 10975:Saint Francis 10973: 10969: 10966: 10965: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10958:Saint Dominic 10956: 10955: 10954: 10951: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10928: 10927: 10924: 10923: 10921: 10919: 10913: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10771:Bethlehemites 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10743: 10741: 10739: 10735: 10730: 10726: 10720: 10719: 10715: 10713: 10712: 10708: 10706: 10705: 10701: 10698: 10694: 10693:Vatican Radio 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10680: 10679: 10678:Vatican Media 10676: 10674: 10671: 10670: 10668: 10666: 10662: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10611: 10608: 10607: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10589: 10586: 10585: 10584: 10581: 10580: 10578: 10576: 10572: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10539: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10519: 10518: 10515: 10509: 10506: 10505: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10475: 10474: 10471: 10470: 10468: 10466: 10462: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10335: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10325: 10323: 10321: 10317: 10313: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10291: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10278: 10275: 10274: 10273: 10270: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10257: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10225: 10222: 10221: 10220: 10217: 10214: 10211: 10210: 10208: 10206: 10202: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10130: 10129: 10126: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10113: 10112: 10109: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10099: 10095: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10042: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10024: 10021: 10020: 10019: 10016: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10003: 10002: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9982: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9975:List of popes 9971: 9967: 9964: 9961: 9957: 9953: 9949: 9945: 9938: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9876: 9875: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9867: 9863: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9846: 9845: 9842: 9838: 9835: 9834: 9833: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9792: 9788: 9778: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9759:Mother of God 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9731: 9729: 9727: 9723: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9705: 9702: 9701: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9676: 9674: 9672: 9668: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9656: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9644:People of God 9642: 9640: 9639: 9635: 9633: 9632:Infallibility 9630: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9617: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9600: 9596: 9595: 9593: 9591: 9587: 9581: 9578: 9574: 9573: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9508:Body and soul 9506: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9493: 9492: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9482: 9479: 9476: 9475: 9470: 9466: 9461: 9457: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9411:Enlightenment 9409: 9407: 9404: 9398: 9395: 9394: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9384: 9383: 9382:Protestantism 9380: 9379: 9377: 9375: 9371: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9359:Scholasticism 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9344:Schism (1378) 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9329:Schism (1054) 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9311: 9309: 9307: 9303: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9271: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9252: 9248: 9240: 9237: 9236: 9235: 9232: 9228: 9225: 9224: 9223: 9220: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9207: 9206: 9203: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9180: 9179: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9167: 9164: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9148: 9144: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9119: 9116: 9112: 9105: 9100: 9098: 9093: 9091: 9086: 9085: 9082: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9058: 9048: 9047: 9044: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9027: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8965: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8944: 8936: 8933: 8932: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8910:Mother Teresa 8908: 8906: 8903: 8900: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8875: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8863: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8836:Pope Pius XII 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8818: 8816: 8814: 8810: 8804: 8803: 8802:Rerum novarum 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8786:Pope Leo XIII 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8756:United States 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8746:Pope Pius VII 8744: 8743: 8741: 8737: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8585: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8561: 8556: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8518: 8515: 8514: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8499: 8497: 8495: 8491: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8429:Scholasticism 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8404:Pope Urban II 8402: 8401: 8399: 8397: 8393: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8323: 8321: 8319: 8315: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8244: 8241: 8240: 8239: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8229: 8221: 8217: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8180:Justin Martyr 8178: 8174: 8171: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8153: 8152: 8149: 8148: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8129: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8092: 8091: 8090:New Testament 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8053:Commissioning 8051: 8050: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8008: 8007: 8004: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7997:Apostolic Age 7993: 7989: 7986: 7982: 7978: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7904: 7903: 7900: 7896: 7893: 7892: 7891: 7888: 7884: 7883:Papal primacy 7881: 7880: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7857: 7854: 7853: 7851: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7837: 7830: 7825: 7823: 7818: 7816: 7811: 7810: 7807: 7789: 7785: 7779: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7759: 7755: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7703: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7687: 7683: 7682: 7680: 7676: 7668: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7629: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7580: 7574: 7566: 7565: 7560: 7556: 7554: 7549: 7546: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7529: 7521: 7517: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7485: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7410: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7395: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7315: 7310: 7308: 7303: 7301: 7296: 7295: 7292: 7285: 7282: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7268: 7267: 7257: 7253: 7249: 7246: 7242: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7218: 7214: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7195: 7194: 7177: 7171: 7167: 7166: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7148:Ware, Timothy 7145: 7141: 7139:9781108427746 7135: 7131: 7126: 7123: 7117: 7113: 7108: 7097: 7096: 7090: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7054: 7044: 7038: 7034: 7033: 7027: 7023: 7021:9780198835271 7017: 7013: 7008: 7004: 7003: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6980: 6974: 6970: 6969: 6963: 6953: 6947: 6943: 6942: 6937: 6933: 6923: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6908: 6902: 6892: 6891: 6886: 6876: 6870: 6866: 6865: 6859: 6849: 6843: 6839: 6838: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6806: 6800: 6797: 6793: 6788: 6785: 6779: 6775: 6774: 6768: 6758: 6752: 6748: 6747: 6742: 6738: 6727: 6726: 6721: 6720:Strong, James 6717: 6713: 6709: 6707:9781108427746 6703: 6699: 6694: 6684: 6678: 6674: 6673: 6668: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6651: 6640: 6639: 6633: 6622: 6621: 6615: 6605: 6599: 6595: 6594: 6589: 6585: 6575: 6569: 6565: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6544: 6538: 6534: 6533: 6528: 6524: 6514: 6508: 6504: 6503: 6498: 6494: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6454: 6450: 6448:9781108427746 6444: 6440: 6435: 6431: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6407:9781108427746 6403: 6399: 6394: 6384: 6378: 6374: 6373: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6338: 6332: 6328: 6327: 6322: 6318: 6315: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6287: 6283: 6282: 6276: 6272: 6270:9781108427746 6266: 6262: 6257: 6253: 6251:9781108427746 6247: 6243: 6238: 6228: 6222: 6218: 6217: 6211: 6201: 6195: 6191: 6190: 6185: 6181: 6171: 6165: 6161: 6160: 6154: 6150: 6148:9781108427746 6144: 6140: 6135: 6131: 6129:9780191744396 6125: 6121: 6116: 6112: 6106: 6102: 6097: 6093: 6091:9781139054133 6087: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6072: 6070:0-02-897025-X 6066: 6062: 6057: 6053: 6048: 6045: 6039: 6035: 6034: 6028: 6027: 6017: 6016: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5972: 5970:90-04-09898-4 5966: 5962: 5961: 5956: 5952: 5949: 5943: 5939: 5938: 5933: 5929: 5918: 5914: 5913: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5885: 5883: 5877: 5873: 5863: 5862: 5857: 5853: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5812: 5807: 5803: 5802: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5755: 5750: 5746: 5735: 5731: 5730: 5725: 5721: 5720: 5710: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5698: 5693: 5689: 5679: 5675: 5673: 5667: 5663: 5653: 5649: 5647: 5641: 5637: 5636: 5626: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5614: 5609: 5605: 5595: 5594: 5589: 5585: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5569: 5564: 5560: 5557: 5553: 5551: 5545: 5541: 5540: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5523: 5522: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5509: 5480: 5476: 5469: 5461: 5454: 5435: 5431: 5424: 5417: 5402: 5395: 5380: 5373: 5365: 5358: 5352: 5351:Loughlin 1880 5347: 5345: 5337: 5332: 5323: 5315: 5314: 5306: 5299: 5294: 5287: 5282: 5267: 5263: 5257: 5241: 5237: 5230: 5224: 5219: 5212: 5206: 5198: 5192: 5188: 5187: 5182: 5176: 5169: 5164: 5157: 5153: 5150:John Meade, " 5147: 5141: 5137: 5131: 5124: 5119: 5112: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5095: 5090: 5083: 5078: 5076: 5068: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5055: 5049: 5043: 5040: 5039:Philip Hughes 5034: 5028: 5027:0-300-03642-6 5024: 5020: 5014: 5007: 5004:Peter Brown, 5001: 4994: 4988: 4981: 4976: 4974: 4965: 4964:Word Magazine 4961: 4955: 4949: 4944: 4938: 4933: 4927:, p. 25. 4926: 4921: 4906: 4899: 4892: 4887: 4880: 4875: 4868: 4863: 4857:, p. 47. 4856: 4851: 4844: 4839: 4832: 4827: 4820: 4815: 4808: 4803: 4796: 4791: 4783: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4753:, p. 240 4752: 4747: 4740: 4735: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4702: 4696: 4690: 4685: 4683: 4675: 4670: 4664: 4659: 4652: 4647: 4633: 4627: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4611: 4602: 4595: 4590: 4583: 4578: 4571: 4566: 4559: 4554: 4547: 4542: 4535: 4530: 4523: 4518: 4511: 4506: 4499: 4494: 4488:, p. 98. 4487: 4482: 4480: 4472: 4467: 4460: 4455: 4448: 4443: 4436: 4431: 4425:, p. 78. 4424: 4419: 4412: 4407: 4401:, p. 93. 4400: 4395: 4393: 4385: 4380: 4378: 4370: 4365: 4359:, p. 77. 4358: 4353: 4351: 4343: 4338: 4331: 4326: 4319: 4314: 4308:, p. 16. 4307: 4302: 4295: 4290: 4283: 4278: 4271: 4266: 4260:, p. 25. 4259: 4254: 4247: 4242: 4235: 4230: 4223: 4218: 4211: 4206: 4199: 4194: 4187: 4182: 4175: 4170: 4163: 4158: 4151: 4146: 4139: 4134: 4128:, p. 46. 4127: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4110: 4105: 4099: 4094: 4088: 4083: 4081: 4073: 4068: 4061: 4056: 4049: 4044: 4037: 4032: 4030: 4022: 4017: 4015: 4007: 4002: 4000: 3995: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3930:Philip Schaff 3925: 3921: 3911: 3908: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3887:Justin Martyr 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3867: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3838: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3815: 3814: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3791: 3776: 3772: 3770: 3765: 3763: 3758: 3752: 3750: 3749:Roman temples 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3704: 3694: 3691: 3686: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3656: 3651: 3639: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3575: 3573: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3528: 3524: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3487: 3482: 3480: 3475: 3465: 3461: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3422:Pope Sixtus I 3419: 3415: 3411: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3377: 3374: 3370: 3360: 3357: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3339: 3336:(i.e. of the 3335: 3331: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3311: 3309: 3302: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3176: 3174: 3170: 3165: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3119: 3118:Ancient Greek 3115: 3112:Derived from 3110: 3107: 3097: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3079: 3068: 3066: 3061: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2992: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2974: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2954: 2944: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2917: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2902:the teachings 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2868: 2864: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2800: 2799:Constantine I 2797: 2796:Roman Emperor 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2776: 2770: 2761: 2760:Ancient Greek 2757: 2756: 2746: 2719: 2707: 2702: 2700: 2695: 2693: 2688: 2687: 2685: 2684: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2670: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2602:Lyon I (1245) 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2572: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2530:Ephesus (431) 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2516: 2515: 2511: 2510: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2495: 2490: 2487: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2468: 2458: 2453: 2451: 2446: 2444: 2439: 2438: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2421: 2413: 2405: 2403: 2395: 2393: 2385: 2383: 2375: 2374: 2367: 2366: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2322:Coptic saints 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2272: 2271: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2177:Ezana of Axum 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2157:Tiridates III 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2125:Major figures 2122: 2121: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1990:Armenian Rite 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1972: 1971: 1965: 1964: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1863: 1862: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1780: 1779: 1772: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1749: 1748: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1699: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1684: 1681: 1676: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1656: 1651: 1649: 1644: 1642: 1637: 1636: 1634: 1633: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1589: 1588: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1544:John Climacus 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1497:Major figures 1494: 1493: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1468:Nativity Fast 1466: 1465: 1460: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1442:Other feasts: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1433:Paschal cycle 1431: 1430: 1427: 1422: 1421: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1238: 1237: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1205: 1204: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1187: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1164: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1092: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1074: 1073: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1044:North America 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 996: 992: 987: 986: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 954: 949: 948: 944: 941: 939: 936: 935: 930: 929: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 891: 886: 883: 882: 879: 874: 873: 866: 863: 862: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 822: 821: 820: 815: 812: 811: 807: 804: 802: 799: 795: 792: 790: 787: 786: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 774:Old Believers 772: 771: 764: 763: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 734:Latin America 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 691: 684: 683: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 661: 659: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 642:Americas (RP) 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 614: 610:jurisdictions 609: 604: 603: 597: 591: 590:Ukraine (UOC) 588: 587: 585: 580: 579:Ukraine (OCU) 577: 576: 574: 568: 565: 564: 562: 560: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 478: 473:jurisdictions 472: 471:Autocephalous 467: 466: 458: 455: 451: 448: 447: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 392: 388: 383: 382: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 350: 345: 339: 335: 331: 330: 324: 323: 317: 316:View of icons 314: 312: 311: 307: 305: 304: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 282: 278: 275: 273: 270: 269: 267: 266: 262: 261: 257: 253: 247: 243: 242: 239: 236: 235: 231: 227: 226: 219: 215: 211: 207: 204: 198: 194: 190: 186: 183: 179: 172: 169: 168: 166: 162: 159: 155: 152: 148: 145: 142: 138: 135: 132: 126: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 106: 103: 102: 101: 97: 93: 89: 82: 77: 72: 69: 61: 58: 50: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 21: 20: 14065:Christianity 13938: 13733:Architecture 13627:Confirmation 13575:Ecclesiology 13506:Original sin 13496:Nicene Creed 13293:Old Catholic 13177:Papal States 13136: 13109:Great Church 13075:Resurrection 13017:Christianity 12974:New Covenant 12925:(Scriptures) 12870:Christianity 12739:Charismatics 12722: 12701:Gospel music 12631:Camp meeting 12623:1789–present 12555:Missionaries 12525: 12518: 12509:Menno Simons 12453: 12449:Church music 12300: 12271: 12156:Conciliarism 12141:Papal Schism 11983:Scandinavian 11875:Great Schism 11853:Nestorianism 11825:Christianity 11757:priest holes 11638:Chalcedonian 11601:Christianity 11590: 11555:Great Church 11363:Resurrection 11121:Universities 10953:Third orders 10916:Associations 10906:Visitandines 10901:Trinitarians 10851:Mercedarians 10836:Hieronymites 10781:Camaldoleses 10766:Benedictines 10756:Augustinians 10716: 10709: 10702: 10683:Vatican News 10637:Distinctions 10443:Syro-Malabar 10328:Latin Church 10250:Grand master 10148:Metropolitan 10045:Vatican City 9940:Organisation 9819:Philosophers 9684:Confirmation 9661:In canon law 9655:Subsistit in 9653: 9649:Three states 9636: 9597: 9590:Ecclesiology 9572:Nova Vulgata 9570: 9528:Original sin 9523:Nicene Creed 9513:Divine grace 9472: 9354:Universities 9324:Papal States 9273: 9251:Great Church 9193:Resurrection 9170:Early Church 9024: 9020:Pope Francis 8946:21st century 8895:Pope Paul VI 8872: 8860: 8813:20th century 8800: 8751:Pope Pius IX 8739:19th century 8715:Pope Pius VI 8582: 8454:Latin Empire 8424:Universities 8376:Pope Leo III 8264: 8243:Christianity 8228:state church 8220:Great Church 8021:Resurrection 7984:(30–325/476) 7981:Early Church 7966:Latin Church 7961:Papal States 7956:Vatican City 7788: 7702:Great Church 7642: 7587: 7567:(1341–1351)* 7562: 7552: 7337: 7255: 7225: 7221: 7198: 7179:, retrieved 7164: 7151: 7129: 7111: 7100:, retrieved 7094: 7061: 7057: 7046:, retrieved 7031: 7011: 7001: 6982:, retrieved 6967: 6955:, retrieved 6940: 6925:, retrieved 6911: 6906: 6894:, retrieved 6889: 6878:, retrieved 6863: 6851:, retrieved 6836: 6817:, retrieved 6804: 6795: 6772: 6760:, retrieved 6745: 6730:, retrieved 6724: 6697: 6686:, retrieved 6671: 6658: 6654: 6643:, retrieved 6637: 6625:, retrieved 6619: 6607:, retrieved 6592: 6577:, retrieved 6562: 6546:, retrieved 6531: 6527:Kelly, J N D 6516:, retrieved 6501: 6497:Kelly, J N D 6465: 6461: 6438: 6419: 6397: 6386:, retrieved 6371: 6358: 6354: 6340:, retrieved 6325: 6303: 6300:Ehrman, Bart 6280: 6260: 6241: 6230:, retrieved 6215: 6203:, retrieved 6188: 6173:, retrieved 6158: 6138: 6119: 6100: 6081: 6078:Ayres, Lewis 6060: 6051: 6032: 6014: 6001: 5997: 5985: 5981: 5959: 5936: 5921:, retrieved 5917:the original 5911: 5902: 5897: 5887: 5881: 5865:, retrieved 5860: 5847: 5836:, retrieved 5831: 5821: 5810: 5795:, retrieved 5789: 5776:, retrieved 5771: 5758: 5753: 5738:, retrieved 5733: 5728: 5713:, retrieved 5707: 5696: 5681:, retrieved 5677: 5671: 5655:, retrieved 5651: 5645: 5629:, retrieved 5623: 5612: 5597:, retrieved 5592: 5578: 5567: 5555: 5549: 5533:, retrieved 5527: 5512: 5504: 5496:Bibliography 5482:. Retrieved 5478: 5468: 5459: 5453: 5441:. Retrieved 5432:(334, 335). 5429: 5416: 5404:. Retrieved 5394: 5382:. Retrieved 5372: 5363: 5357: 5331: 5322: 5312: 5305: 5293: 5281: 5269:. Retrieved 5265: 5256: 5244:. Retrieved 5240:academia.edu 5239: 5229: 5218: 5205: 5185: 5175: 5163: 5146: 5130: 5118: 5089: 5058: 5048: 5033: 5018: 5013: 5005: 5000: 4992: 4987: 4982:, p. 77 4963: 4954: 4943: 4932: 4920: 4908:. Retrieved 4898: 4886: 4874: 4862: 4850: 4838: 4826: 4814: 4809:, p. 26 4802: 4790: 4779: 4746: 4734: 4725: 4716: 4704:. Retrieved 4695: 4669: 4658: 4646: 4635:, retrieved 4620: 4610: 4601: 4589: 4577: 4565: 4553: 4541: 4529: 4517: 4505: 4493: 4466: 4454: 4442: 4430: 4418: 4406: 4384:Edwards 2007 4364: 4337: 4325: 4318:Edwards 2007 4313: 4301: 4289: 4277: 4265: 4258:Van Dam 2021 4253: 4246:Cameron 2007 4241: 4229: 4222:Edwards 2007 4217: 4205: 4198:Edwards 2007 4193: 4181: 4169: 4157: 4145: 4133: 4104: 4093: 4072:Vallaud 1995 4067: 4062:, p. 11 4060:Carroll 1987 4055: 4043: 4023:, p. 39 3972: 3968: 3955: 3951: 3927: 3904: 3844: 3829: 3818: 3811: 3800:Antilegomena 3793: 3773: 3766: 3753: 3737:Sol Invictus 3729:Roman Empire 3706: 3687: 3676: 3660: 3578:Novatianists 3549:syneisaktism 3544: 3512: 3510: 3483: 3471: 3462: 3457: 3453: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3418:resurrection 3407: 3383: 3365: 3349: 3337: 3329: 3317: 3305: 3260: 3255: 3243: 3225:Nicene Creed 3219:Nicene Creed 3177: 3152: 3145:Roman Empire 3111: 3103: 3094: 3090:Roman Senate 3085: 3082: 3074: 3062: 2998: 2978: 2970: 2950: 2927:, bishop of 2918: 2870: 2838:Nicene Creed 2803: 2717: 2715: 2519: 2237:Bar Hebraeus 2097:Coptic cross 2073:Coptic Bible 1945:Miaphysitism 1921:Capharthutha 1870: 1619:Saint titles 1599:Architecture 1592:Other topics 1297:Jesus Prayer 1208: 1201: 1184: 1167: 1161: 1152:Nicene Creed 1127:Holy Trinity 1102:Apophaticism 1052:15th–16th c. 1029:Great Schism 893: 669:Estonia (MP) 657: 652:Moldova (MP) 627:Estonia (EP) 595: 583: 572: 558: 556: 405:Patriarchate 387:Organization 353:Christianity 340: / 338:Resurrection 336: / 310:View of Mary 308: 301: 256:Hagia Sophia 129:Next council 68: 53: 47:January 2024 44: 33: 13994:Persecution 13929:Christendom 13922:Cooperation 13859:Charismatic 13770:Holy Spirit 13679:Natural law 13642:Holy orders 13491:Christology 13484:Holy Spirit 13353:Pentecostal 13333:Evangelical 13328:Charismatic 13172:Monasticism 13164:Middle Ages 13127:Constantine 13070:Crucifixion 12952:Foundations 12828:Catholicism 12765:Protestants 12759:Evangelical 12434:39 Articles 12429:Elizabethan 12406:Anglicanism 12386:Westminster 12296:Melanchthon 12259:Lutheranism 12224:Nicodemites 12202:Arminianism 12173:Reformation 12114:Bonaventure 12089:Inquisition 12084:Waldensians 12034:Investiture 12012:Kievan Rus' 11968:Anglo-Saxon 11948:Pelagianism 11940:Middle Ages 11863:Iconodulism 11738:Thomas More 11659:Catholicism 11581:Monasticism 11564:Constantine 11489:Persecution 11447:Adoptionism 11432:Ante-Nicene 11375:Holy Spirit 11358:Crucifixion 11329:Origins and 11230:2nd and 3rd 11111:Health care 11097:Pax Christi 11049:Schoenstatt 11014:Sant'Egidio 10846:Legionaries 10826:Franciscans 10801:Cistercians 10796:Carthusians 10751:Annonciades 10610:Altarpieces 10503:West Syriac 10498:East Syriac 10478:Alexandrian 10102:Holy orders 10083:Swiss Guard 10023:Dicasteries 10018:Roman Curia 9916:Evangelists 9874:Holy Family 9809:Personalism 9799:Natural law 9777:Josephology 9711:Holy orders 9349:Inquisition 9306:Middle Ages 9296:Monasticism 9264:Constantine 9188:Crucifixion 9026:Laudato si' 8821:Pope Pius X 8650:Philip Neri 8625:Pope Pius V 8600:Thomas More 8469:Inquisition 8371:Charlemagne 8331:Monasticism 8141:Persecution 8033:Holy Spirit 8016:Crucifixion 7895:First seven 7620:Ephesus III 7522:(1962–1965) 7514:(1869–1870) 7506:(1545–1563) 7498:(1512–1517) 7482:(1414–1418) 7474:(1311–1312) 7440:Lateran III 7228:: 196–211. 7181:24 February 7102:24 February 7048:24 February 6984:24 February 6957:24 February 6927:24 February 6896:22 February 6880:24 February 6853:24 February 6819:24 February 6762:24 February 6732:24 February 6688:24 February 6645:19 February 6627:19 February 6609:24 February 6579:24 February 6548:24 February 6518:24 February 6388:24 February 6342:24 February 6284:. Ashgate. 6232:24 February 6205:24 February 6175:24 February 5923:22 February 5867:24 February 5838:24 February 5797:24 February 5778:24 February 5740:24 February 5729:De Decretis 5715:24 February 5683:24 February 5657:24 February 5631:24 February 5599:24 February 5535:24 February 5518:, see also 5246:26 November 5156:Ehrman 2004 4741:, Chapter 9 4637:24 February 4546:Hanson 1988 4510:Hanson 1988 4498:Hanson 1988 4471:Barnes 1981 4435:Jacobs 2021 4423:Jacobs 2021 4411:Hanson 1988 4369:Hanson 1988 4357:Jacobs 2021 4330:Hanson 1988 4294:Hanson 1988 4270:Hanson 1988 4210:Hanson 1988 4174:Hanson 1988 4150:Hanson 1988 4138:Hanson 1988 4048:Hanson 1988 3901:Constantine 3534:catechumens 3414:crucifixion 3373:Koine Greek 3369:Homoousians 3362:perfection. 3192:Christology 3188:Christendom 3071:Proceedings 2935:during the 2897:God the Son 2893:Christology 2830:God the Son 2818:Christendom 2412:WikiProject 2252:Mar Thoma I 2020:Holy Qurobo 1891:Ephesus III 1372:Prayer rope 1292:Iconostasis 1282:Euchologion 1267:Apolytikion 1142:Metousiosis 1107:Chrismation 739:Scandinavia 445:Monasticism 400:Autocephaly 334:Crucifixion 14111:Categories 13908:Prosperity 13884:Liberation 13824:Cathedrals 13809:Pilgrimage 13794:Literature 13671:Philosophy 13607:Sacraments 13580:Four marks 13541:Protestant 13516:Born again 13313:Anabaptist 13303:Protestant 13245:Influences 13207:Modern era 12911:By country 12550:Revivalism 12471:Anabaptism 12419:Henry VIII 12244:Literature 11868:Iconoclasm 11848:Chrysostom 11801:Vatican II 11767:Jansenists 11753:Mass rocks 11689:Lateran IV 11608:Athanasius 11528:Tertullian 11472:Marcionism 11467:Gnosticism 11420:Revelation 11338:Background 10866:Oratorians 10821:Dominicans 10791:Carmelites 10786:Camillians 10734:institutes 10547:Tridentine 10483:Antiochian 10403:Macedonian 10348:Belarusian 10238:Provincial 10153:Archbishop 10073:Roman Rota 10035:Properties 9960:By country 9956:Precedence 9921:Confessors 9901:Archangels 9891:Patriarchs 9791:Philosophy 9769:Veneration 9734:Assumption 9704:Last rites 9671:Sacraments 9615:Four marks 9426:Vatican II 9374:Modern era 9210:Succession 8899:coronation 8605:Pope Leo X 8190:Tertullian 8120:Revelation 8095:Background 7612:Ephesus II 7520:Vatican II 7448:Lateran IV 7432:Lateran II 7064:(3): 177, 6429:0567094855 6110:0674165306 4980:Davis 1983 4855:Chrysostom 4739:Kelly 1978 4522:Drake 2021 4447:Drake 2021 4342:Drake 2021 4306:Ayres 2004 4282:Drake 2021 4234:Brent 2022 4186:Lyman 2021 4162:Lyman 2021 4126:Lyman 2021 4109:Lyman 2021 3991:References 3938:Alexandria 3934:bishoprics 3918:See also: 3910:possible. 3907:homoousian 3875:Tertullian 3863:in Greek; 3824:lists. In 3731:until the 3701:See also: 3529:for clergy 3527:castration 3371:(from the 3330:homoousios 2852:Background 2287:Catholicos 2182:Frumentius 2027:Calendars: 1926:Shirakavan 1886:Ephesus II 1473:Great Lent 1352:Paraklesis 1332:Omophorion 1287:Holy Water 1186:Philokalia 845:Montenegro 674:ROCOR (MP) 664:Crete (EP) 637:China (MP) 632:Japan (MP) 608:Autonomous 486:Alexandria 327:Background 250:Mosaic of 189:ordination 164:Attendance 13984:Criticism 13934:Ecumenism 13898:Mysticism 13864:Democracy 13854:Anarchism 13841:Movements 13804:Mythology 13782:Catechism 13777:Education 13694:Evolution 13617:Eucharist 13600:Canon law 13558:Theotokos 13553:Mariology 13511:Salvation 13501:Tradition 13348:Methodist 13308:Adventist 13142:Chalcedon 12716:Ecumenism 12666:Adventism 12656:Mormonism 12592:Millerism 12587:Methodism 12542:1640–1789 12444:Civil War 12391:Orthodoxy 12346:Huguenots 12328:Calvinism 12313:Eucharist 12308:Orthodoxy 12192:Eucharist 12124:Five Ways 12074:Dulcinian 12027:Pomerania 11953:Gregory I 11797:Vatican I 11787:Modernism 11772:Molinists 11762:Guadalupe 11633:Chalcedon 11628:Ephesus I 11618:Augustine 11494:Apostolic 11477:Montanism 11442:Diversity 11218:Centuries 11107:See also: 11059:Charities 10968:Discalced 10896:Trappists 10891:Theatines 10861:Olivetans 10806:Clarisses 10776:Blue nuns 10761:Basilians 10738:societies 10646:See also: 10532:Mozarabic 10522:Ambrosian 10508:Malankara 10493:Byzantine 10453:Ukrainian 10428:Ruthenian 10393:Hungarian 10378:Ethiopian 10353:Bulgarian 10320:sui iuris 10304:Postulant 10213:Religious 10168:Auxiliary 10163:Coadjutor 10133:Patriarch 10001:Cardinals 9948:Canon law 9944:Hierarchy 9926:Disciples 9849:Relations 9837:Evolution 9828:See also: 9773:See also: 9726:Mariology 9716:Matrimony 9689:Eucharist 9610:Ecumenism 9538:Salvation 9474:Catechism 9469:Tradition 9431:Communism 9279:Chalcedon 8915:Communism 8885:Ecumenism 8231:(380–451) 8223:(180–451) 8212:(313–476) 8134:(100–325) 7555:(879–880) 7512:Vatican I 7496:Lateran V 7480:Constance 7424:Lateran I 7418:(869–870) 7386:Nicaea II 7380:(680–681) 7362:Chalcedon 7086:117094612 6661:: 220–239 6490:159876770 6482:1086-3184 5475:"Canon 6" 5111:Theodoret 4819:Anatolius 4751:Loyn 1991 4594:Gwyn 2021 4582:Gwyn 2021 4570:Gwyn 2021 4558:Gwyn 2021 4534:Gwyn 2021 4486:Gwyn 2021 4459:Gwyn 2021 4399:Gwyn 2021 3757:Alexander 3745:pillaging 3672:St. Basil 3638:Pentecost 3621:Eucharist 3572:Jerusalem 3499:Canon law 3474:Lycopolis 3352:anathemas 3346:Anathemas 3180:consensus 3133:oikouménē 3127:romanized 3122:οἰκουμένη 2989:Nicomedia 2929:Lycopolis 2906:Sabellius 2867:Melitians 2846:canon law 2810:consensus 2794:) by the 2780:Bithynian 2769:romanized 2402:Templates 2227:Nerses IV 2162:Mar Awgin 2137:Mor Addai 2054:Gregorian 2044:Ethiopian 1938:Theology: 1916:Manzikert 1881:Ephesus I 1806:Jerusalem 1734:Ethiopian 1483:Dormition 1407:Vestments 1402:Troparion 1397:Sticheron 1387:Semantron 1377:Prosphora 1302:Kontakion 1210:Theotokos 1163:Oikonomia 1122:Hesychasm 1004:Pentarchy 972:Jerusalem 816:churches: 496:Jerusalem 420:Canon law 373:Orthodoxy 342:Ascension 272:Structure 150:President 34:may have 14137:Arianism 14089:Religion 14038:Category 13903:Pacifism 13717:features 13701:Politics 13654:Ablution 13622:Marriage 13526:Catholic 13456:Theology 13363:Reformed 13343:Lutheran 13338:Holiness 13318:Anglican 13288:Catholic 13192:Crusades 13137:Nicaea I 13087:Apostles 13060:Miracles 13055:Parables 13045:Ministry 13035:Nativity 12999:timeline 12896:Prophets 12891:Glossary 12808:Theology 12796:Missions 12791:Timeline 12763:Mainline 12711:Pacifism 12560:Baptists 12479:Theology 12439:Puritans 12414:Timeline 12356:Scotland 12284:Theology 12131:Wycliffe 12079:Crusades 12054:Bogomils 12007:Bulgaria 11963:Germanic 11915:Ethiopia 11813:Timeline 11591:Nicaea I 11586:Councils 11518:Irenaeus 11513:Ignatius 11508:Polycarp 11462:Donatism 11457:Docetism 11452:Arianism 11353:Ministry 11151:Category 11044:Opus Dei 11029:Scouting 11019:Focolare 10886:Servites 10871:Piarists 10816:Crosiers 10552:Anglican 10488:Armenian 10418:Romanian 10408:Maronite 10383:Georgian 10373:Eritrean 10358:Chaldean 10343:Armenian 10338:Albanian 10219:Superior 10178:Emeritus 10158:Diocesan 10011:Advisers 9970:Holy See 9896:Prophets 9854:Politics 9625:Catholic 9605:Councils 9460:Theology 9339:Crusades 9274:Nicaea I 9205:Apostles 9183:Ministry 9152:Timeline 9132:Glossary 8925:HIV/AIDS 8419:Crusades 8173:Irenaeus 8166:Ignatius 8161:Polycarp 8011:Ministry 7999:(30–100) 7873:Timeline 7678:See also 7643:Nicaea I 7588:Nicaea I 7338:Nicaea I 7162:(1987), 7150:(1991), 6999:(1910). 6938:(1999), 6834:(2001), 6743:(2006), 6722:(1890), 6669:(1991), 6590:(1996), 6529:(1981), 6499:(1978), 6418:(1988). 6369:(1984), 6323:(2009), 6302:(2004), 6080:(2004). 5434:Archived 5298:Socrates 5271:27 April 5266:ccel.org 5063:Archived 4879:Panarion 4843:Panarion 3978:See also 3883:Ignatius 3879:Polycarp 3866:trinitas 3819:In 331, 3808:Voltaire 3717:Licinius 3713:Galerius 3679:Arbogast 3410:Passover 3310:in 381. 3214:Outcomes 3184:assembly 3149:Eusebius 3065:basilica 3038:Neronias 2958:Donatism 2953:Licinius 2941:Achillas 2925:Melitius 2814:assembly 2782:city of 2481:a series 2479:Part of 2382:Category 2302:Maphrian 2187:Shenoute 2068:Peshitta 2034:Armenian 1906:Dvin III 1871:Nicaea I 1798:Armenian 1739:Eritrean 1714:Armenian 1670:a series 1668:Part of 1564:Kassiani 1262:Akathist 1192:Phronema 1180:Palamism 1169:Akribeia 1078:Theology 825:Abkhazia 814:National 516:Bulgaria 457:Bratstvo 395:Autonomy 344:of Jesus 277:Theology 263:Overview 230:a series 228:Part of 185:Arianism 14077:History 14051:Portals 13967:Related 13760:Trinity 13725:Culture 13689:Science 13659:Hygiene 13649:Mission 13632:Penance 13612:Baptism 13548:Worship 13521:Liturgy 13469:Trinity 13380:Eastern 13358:Quakers 13323:Baptist 13280:Western 13270:members 13040:Baptism 12994:History 12984:Worship 12886:Outline 12801:Martyrs 12597:Pietism 12527:Ausbund 12499:Müntzer 12424:Cranmer 12371:Baptism 12336:Zwingli 12187:Erasmus 12136:Avignon 12119:Aquinas 12109:Francis 12104:Dominic 12064:Cathars 12059:Bosnian 12049:Bernard 12044:Abelard 12017:Moravia 12002:Bohemia 11988:Iceland 11910:Serbian 11890:Georgia 11885:Armenia 11823:Eastern 11724:Jesuits 11400:Gospels 11348:Baptism 11116:Schools 11072:Caritas 10980:Secular 10946:Workers 10841:Jesuits 10627:Museums 10622:Library 10600:Writers 10595:Artists 10575:Culture 10542:Paul VI 10423:Russian 10413:Melkite 10255:Brother 10233:General 10173:Titular 10143:Primate 10121:Eparchy 10111:Diocese 10058:Outline 9997:College 9987:Francis 9931:Virgins 9906:Martyrs 9832:Science 9739:History 9694:Penance 9679:Baptism 9580:Worship 9553:Vulgate 9501:Kingdom 9496:Trinity 9484:General 9239:Primacy 9147:History 9127:Outline 8890:Judaism 8290:Vulgate 8100:Gospels 8075:Stephen 7992:Origins 7912:Vulgate 7848:General 7838:of the 7836:History 7604:Ephesus 7464:Lyon II 7354:Ephesus 7066:Bibcode 6560:(ed.), 5608:Sozomen 5484:22 June 5443:22 June 5406:22 June 5384:22 June 5123:Sozomen 5094:Sozomen 5082:Sozomen 4910:9 March 4891:Sozomen 4778:(ed.). 4706:10 July 3946:Antioch 3855:Trinity 3841:Trinity 3727:of the 3655:Vatican 3645:Effects 3628:baptism 3598:penance 3593:earlier 3390:Illyria 3206:in the 3141: 3129:: 3030:Ephesus 3002:Abraham 2771:: 2492:of the 2327:Debtera 2142:Abgar V 1931:Hromkla 1911:Dvin IV 1901:Dvin II 1762:British 1724:Cilicia 1277:Ectenia 1203:Theosis 991:History 924:Seventh 830:Belarus 719:Germany 699:Austria 622:Finland 567:America 559:de jure 541:Albania 521:Georgia 511:Romania 491:Antioch 450:Degrees 440:Deacons 435:Priests 430:Bishops 287:Liturgy 279: ( 193:baptism 14152:Nicaea 14101:Turkey 13684:Ethics 13565:Saints 13474:Father 13393:Church 13005:spread 12969:Gospel 12959:Church 12901:People 12489:Grebel 12341:Calvin 12267:Luther 12161:Synods 12039:Anselm 12022:Poland 11978:Gothic 11973:Franks 11958:Celtic 11925:Russia 11905:Syriac 11895:Greece 11782:Teresa 11729:Xavier 11667:Papacy 11613:Jerome 11533:Origen 11434:period 11209:Spread 10994:Fimcap 10936:Marian 10856:Minims 10588:Marian 10438:Syriac 10433:Slovak 10363:Coptic 10299:Oblate 10294:Master 10289:Novice 10284:Hermit 10272:Sister 10228:Abbess 10195:Deacon 10190:Priest 10185:Parish 10128:Bishop 10098:Polity 9884:Joseph 9866:Saints 9533:Saints 9421:Nazism 8856:Nazism 8678:to the 8285:Jerome 8195:Origen 7878:Papacy 7772:(2016) 7764:(1965) 7756:(1872) 7748:(1672) 7740:(1642) 7472:Vienne 7466:(1274) 7458:(1245) 7456:Lyon I 7450:(1215) 7442:(1179) 7434:(1139) 7426:(1123) 7209: 7172: 7136: 7118: 7084: 7039: 7018: 6975: 6948: 6918: 6871: 6844: 6814:853516 6812: 6780: 6753: 6704: 6679: 6600: 6570: 6539: 6509: 6488: 6480: 6445: 6426: 6404: 6379: 6333: 6310: 6288: 6267: 6248: 6223: 6196: 6166: 6145: 6126: 6107: 6088: 6067: 6040: 5994:Jerome 5967: 5944: 5806:Jerome 5193: 5154:" and 5138: 5025: 4948:Canons 4628: 3944:, and 3885:, and 3871:Origen 3826:Jerome 3668:Valens 3666:, and 3562:synods 3514:canons 3505:, and 3386:exiled 3380:Exiled 3200:canons 3196:creeds 3044:, and 2985:Nicaea 2981:Ancyra 2792:Turkey 2784:Nicaea 2483:on the 2357:Timkat 2090:Cross: 2061:Bible: 2049:Julian 2039:Coptic 1896:Dvin I 1811:Syriac 1789:Coptic 1767:Syriac 1758:Coptic 1719:Indian 1709:Syriac 1704:Coptic 1347:Praxis 1157:Nepsis 1034:Russia 967:Moscow 938:Eighth 909:Fourth 899:Second 855:UOC–KP 850:Turkey 840:Latvia 714:France 709:Canada 536:Poland 531:Greece 526:Cyprus 506:Serbia 501:Russia 425:Clergy 232:on the 210:canons 181:Topics 13893:Right 13799:Music 13750:Jesus 13715:Other 13570:Angel 13025:Jesus 13015:Early 12964:Creed 12933:Canon 12921:Bible 12881:Index 12723:solae 12721:Five 12514:Smyth 12366:TULIP 12289:Bible 11997:Slavs 11900:Egypt 11858:Icons 11709:Trent 11699:Leo X 11596:Creed 11092:CIDSE 10941:Youth 10665:Media 10632:Music 10557:Zaire 10537:Roman 10527:Braga 10517:Latin 10388:Greek 10260:Friar 10224:Abbot 10138:Major 10053:Index 9952:Laity 9518:Dogma 9465:Bible 9441:Islam 9397:Trent 9178:Jesus 9160:Legal 9122:Index 8958:Islam 8226:Roman 8185:Canon 8058:Peter 8006:Jesus 7732:(692) 7704:(180– 7692:/155– 7669:(484) 7661:(410) 7653:(381) 7645:(325) 7622:(475) 7614:(449) 7606:(431) 7598:(381) 7590:(325) 7504:Trent 7388:(787) 7372:(553) 7364:(451) 7356:(431) 7348:(381) 7340:(325) 7165:Arius 7082:S2CID 6910:[ 6486:S2CID 6357:[ 6004:] 6000:[ 5988:] 5984:[ 5905:] 5901:[ 5761:] 5757:[ 5736:] 5732:[ 5437:(PDF) 5426:(PDF) 4774:. 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