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256:" or "scissors stairs" configuration whereby two stairwells occupy the same floor footprint, but are intertwined while being separated by fireproof partitions along their entire run. However, this design deposits anybody descending the stack into alternating locations on each successive floor, and this can be very disorienting. Some building codes recommend using a color-coded stripe and signage to distinguish otherwise identical-looking stairwells from each other, and to make following a quick exit path easier.
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272:. The floors are served by the main public lifts and escalators, and by 1 set of a double-helix stairway and lift per 1,000 square metres (11,000 sq ft), going into the service areas. The main public escalators do not count as fire exits, as the doors may be locked during less busy periods. The building has one fire exit per 4,000 square metres (43,000 sq ft) of floor space.
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A further problem becoming very common in the US as of 2005 is that retail stores at night close one of their main entrance/exits through makeshift heavy metal barriers, signage, paper notes, or junk placed in front of the exits. Some actually lock their exits. A large array of signage and mechanical
444:
Firefighters have cited overzealous security guards who told people during a fire that they are not allowed to use emergency exits. The practice is actually quite common in the absence of fires, as well. Some skyscrapers have stairwells with standard emergency exit signs on each door, which then lock
371:
currently require the exit signs to be colored red, despite the usage of color red in signage usually implies hazards, prohibited actions or stop, while the color green implies safe place/actions or to proceed. Older building code in Canada required red exit signs, but no new installation is allowed.
248:
The traditional way to satisfy this requirement was to construct two separate stairwell stacks, each occupying its own footprint within each floorplan. Each stairwell is internally configured into an arrangement often called a "U-return" or "return" design. The two stairwells may be constructed next
409:
and related venues where large numbers of people may gather. A violent personal dispute, fire, terrorist attack, or other incident can cause a mass panic or stampede for the exits. If the exits are blocked, locked, hidden, or inadequate, large numbers of casualties and deaths can result. The 1942
414:
in Boston caused over 400 deaths from a flash fire in a blacked-out nightclub with only a single obvious exit through a revolving door. Building codes and life safety regulations were extensively reformed in the US in the following years, and influenced changes in many other countries as well.
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The number and type of exits on an aircraft is regulated through strict rules within the industry, and is based on whether the aircraft is single or twin-aisled; the maximum passenger load; and the maximum distance from a seat to an exit. The goal of these regulations is to make possible the
332:
The UK Health and Safety (Safety Signs and
Signals) Regulations 1996 define a fire safety sign as an illuminated sign or acoustic signal that provides information on escape routes and emergency exits. Well-designed emergency exit signs are necessary for emergency exits to be effective.
675:
Ventral exits must allow the same rate of egress as a Type I exit, tailcone exit are aft of the fuselage. Aircraft for less than 19 passenger must have one sufficient exit in each side of the fuselage, two per side for more, no more than 60 ft (18 m) apart from each other.
249:
to each other, separated by a fireproof partition, or optionally the two stairwells may be located at some distance from each other within the floorplan. The traditional arrangement has the advantage of being easily understood by building occupants and occasional visitors.
303:, the premises were over capacity the night fire broke out, the front exit was not designed well (right outside the door, the concrete approach split 90 degrees and a railing ran along the edge), and an emergency exit swung inward, not outward as code requires.
452:
Some systems do not allow the exit to be opened until the user signals the intention to exit (through a button or lever) for some amount of time, such as 20 seconds. It is also common for these exits to remain completely locked until somebody tests them.
802:
began legal moves to enforce minimum standards for building safety. This slowly led to the legal requirement that venues must have a minimum numbers of outward opening emergency exits as well as locks which could be opened from the inside.
817:
Similar disasters around the world also resulted in public fury and calls for changes to emergency regulations and enforcement. An investigation was launched by the
Argentine federal government after 194 people were killed during the 2004
483:
In aircraft terms, an "exit" is any one of the main doors (entry doors on the port side of the aircraft and service doors on the starboard side) and an "emergency exit" is defined as an exit that is only ever used in an emergency (such as
259:
In older buildings that predate modern fire codes, and which lack space for a second stairwell, having intertwining stairs so close to each other may not allow firefighters going up and evacuees going down to use separate stairways.
396:
An emergency door release call point (or a pull station in the United States) is used to disengage locking devices such as electromagnets, bolt locks, and electric locks while also ensuring positive security and failsafe operation.
245:. For any buildings bigger than a private house, modern codes invariably specify at least two sets of stairs, completely isolated from each other so that if one becomes impassable due to smoke or flames, the other remains usable.
729:
495:
the passengers didn't know the location of this emergency exit, one passenger couldn't escape in time and died. As a result, better visibility of the emergency exit inside the cabin was advised by the investigative committee.
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uses a scissors stairway configuration in its upper car park. This part of the building has eight storeys: LG, G, and 1 are part of the shopping centre; 2 has some offices and a storage area; CP1, CP2, CP3, and CP4 are a
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or other door opening device for a period of time to unlock the door. Many exits have a sign reading, "Emergency exit only, alarm will sound if opened", to warn of the fact that it is an emergency exit only.
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exit systems have also been devised, including signage that says contradictorily, "This is not an exit", "Do not use this exit", or warning users that a heavy penalty will be assessed for non-emergency use.
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Fire escape signs usually display the word "EXIT" or the equivalent word in the local language with large, well-lit, green letters, or the green pictorial "running-man" symbol developed and adopted in
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in a Boston nightclub in 1942. This led to regulations requiring that exits of large buildings open outward, and that enough emergency exits be provided to accommodate the building's capacity.
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However, mass casualty incidents still occur in the US and elsewhere in the world, due to inadequate enforcement of safety rules. For a list of some of the most notable incidents, see
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pointing to it. It is usually a door to an area outside of the building, but may also lead to an adjoining, fire-isolated structure with clear exits of its own.
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Some have alarms activated when they are opened, to alert staff of unauthorized use during non-emergencies. On many exits, the user may have to push against a
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allowed "Type-A+" exits with a dual-lane evacuation slide to increase maximum accommodation increased to 480 seats up from 440 with four pairs of doors on the
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upon closing. Users of these stairwells can get trapped if they do not know that the only door that opens from the inside is the one on the ground floor.
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In many countries, it is required that all new commercial buildings include well-marked emergency exits. Some older buildings must be retrofitted with
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Any aircraft where the emergency exit door sill height is above that which would make unaided escape possible is fitted with an automatic inflatable
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310:. In countries where emergency exits are not standard, or the standards are not enforced, fires will often result in a much greater loss of life.
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evacuation of an airliner's designed maximum occupancy of passengers and crew within 90 seconds even if half of the available exits are blocked.
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This was originally an entrance, as indicated by the carved name of the building, but the opening is now only used as a fire exit (London).
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826:, Argentina. The emergency exits had been chained shut by the owners, to prevent people from sneaking into the nightclub without paying.
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Be clearly marked (usually with signage that is normally illuminated, or is illuminated by a backup power source if central power fails)
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could have been prevented if people had known where fire escapes were and if emergency exits had not been blocked. For example, in the
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or building regulations often dictate the number of fire exits required for a building of a given size, including the number of
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798:, England, in 1883 in which more than 180 children died because a door had been bolted at the bottom of a stairwell, the
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is a special kind of emergency exit consisting of stairs and/or extendable ladders mounted on the outside of a building.
852:"The Ups and Downs of Understanding High-Rise Stairwells - The Massey System is Referenced in Fire Engineering Magazine"
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These moves were not globally copied for some time. For example, in the United States, 146 factory workers died in the
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Knowing where the emergency exits are in buildings can save lives. Some buildings, such as schools, have
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Some architects save space while still meeting the exit requirement, by housing two stairwells in a "
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In the early years, the emergency exit was a hatch in the ceiling of the aircraft. Because in the
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Public bus top emergency exit for when the sides are blocked, in
English, Spanish and Vietnamese
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KCRC Metro-Cammell (before refurbishment) EMU emergency exit in the middle of both heads
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Be regularly maintained and free of obstructions (they may not be used for storage)
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in a building or other structure is a special exit used during emergencies such as
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This exit is unlocked by pressing the bar, which will also activate an alarm.
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930:"The ISO 7010 safety standard and what it means for you - Factory Equipment"
893:"Fire Safety Signs: The Law and Their Meaning - City Fire Protection - Blog"
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in 1911 when they were stopped by locked exits, and 492 people died in the
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may be called upon to assist and open exits in the event of an emergency.
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An emergency exit's path usually ends in an outward-opening door with a
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Pathway out of a structure designed for use during emergency evacuations
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Sign for an emergency down stairs evacuation device for disabled people
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Be secured to prevent unauthorized entry during normal operations
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344:. Pictorial green "running-man" sign is mandatory in Japan,
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National
Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying
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Category:Fire disasters involving barricaded escape routes
514:, which allows occupants to slide to the ground safely.
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Traditional Signs to EXIT in Favour of the
Running Man
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Worldwide, there have been repeated mass casualties in
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train emergency exit in the middle of both heads/ends
878:"Statue of Liberty to get new staircase for safety"
73:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1655:Penetrant (mechanical, electrical, or structural)
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364:, and increasingly becoming common elsewhere.
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192:Direct people to safe areas (usually outside)
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917:"The Big Red Word vs. the Little Green Man"
401:Nightclubs, restaurants, and similar venues
1463:Hypoxic air technology for fire prevention
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1848:Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association
1126:Information on fire exit signs in Britain
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891:Protection, City Fire (22 January 2013).
375:
133:Learn how and when to remove this message
1181:Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion
1067:"A350-1000 maximum seating rises to 480"
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468:
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384:An emergency door release call point in
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279:to practice using emergency exits. Many
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1827:Listing and approval use and compliance
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1021:"Het vliegtuigongeval in de Waalhaven"
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841:
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340:around 1980 and introduced in 2003 by
1872:Society of Fire Protection Engineers
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1086:"Fire, panic, and a locked main exit"
1065:David Kaminski-Morrow (29 Nov 2019).
1029:(in Dutch). 25 July 1928 – via
919:, Julia Turner, March 2010, Slate.com
493:1928 KLM Fokker F.III Waalhaven crash
2023:
1866:National Fire Protection Association
1083:
995:"H-NABR verongelukt in de Waalhaven"
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849:
233:is a type of external emergency exit
71:adding citations to reliable sources
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1368:Condensed aerosol fire suppression
1048:"Section 25.807 - Emergency exits"
1013:
25:
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1743:Fire alarm notification appliance
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906:ISO 7010:2011 — Graphical symbols
850:Wood, Clayton (14 January 2021).
820:República Cromañón nightclub fire
760:exit opening out in rough terrain
189:Be in easily-accessible locations
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2011:
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808:Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
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1504:Vehicle fire suppression system
1192:Combustibility and flammability
1084:Reel, Monte (January 1, 2005).
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876:Long, Colleen (9 August 2010).
488:and permanently-armed exits).
58:needs additional citations for
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1854:Institution of Fire Engineers
1811:Fire Safety Evaluation System
1483:Personal protective equipment
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1925:GHS precautionary statements
1763:Manual fire alarm activation
790:Following the events of the
672:† 9 passenger aircraft only
620:0 or 10 in (25 cm)
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1796:Fire protection engineering
1728:Explosive gas leak detector
1545:Electromagnetic door holder
1378:External water spray system
1052:Code of Federal Regulations
856:Massey Emergency Management
464:
285:September 11, 2001, attacks
151:Universitetet metro station
10:
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1972:Harry C. Bigglestone Award
1363:Automatic fire suppression
1303:K-factor (fire protection)
977:"security and fire safety"
963:February 28, 2013, at the
934:www.connectingindustry.com
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745:emergency evacuation doors
741:take off, showing the two
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297:2006 Moscow hospital fire
1822:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
1738:Fire alarm control panel
1718:Carbon monoxide detector
1695:Standpipe (firefighting)
1458:Gaseous fire suppression
1223:Enthalpy of vaporization
858:. Massey Enterprises Inc
617:44 in (112 cm)
600:48 in (122 cm)
583:48 in (122 cm)
566:72 in (183 cm)
549:72 in (183 cm)
546:42 in (107 cm)
265:Westfield Stratford City
30:For the drama play, see
1665:Pressurisation ductwork
1630:Firewall (construction)
1478:Passive fire protection
1428:Fire suppression system
687:, and up to 460 on the
663:36 in (91 cm)
660:29 in (74 cm)
657:26 in (66 cm)
654:19 in (48 cm)
643:27 in (69 cm)
640:20 in (51 cm)
637:36 in (91 cm)
634:20 in (51 cm)
623:17 in (43 cm)
614:20 in (51 cm)
597:24 in (61 cm)
580:30 in (76 cm)
563:32 in (81 cm)
479:overwing emergency exit
2051:Architectural elements
1841:Industry organizations
1806:Fire-resistance rating
1685:Smoke exhaust ductwork
1660:Penetration (firestop)
1650:Packing (firestopping)
1358:Active fire protection
1318:Spontaneous combustion
792:Victoria Hall disaster
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679:In November 2019, the
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376:Emergency door release
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182:Emergency exits must:
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1993:Template:Firefighting
1967:Arthur B. Guise Medal
1920:GHS hazard statements
1423:Fire sprinkler system
1403:Fire-retardant fabric
1121:at Wikimedia Commons
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721:MTR Hyundai Rotem EMU
499:Passengers seated in
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430:Further information:
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1777:Professions, trades,
1690:Smokeproof enclosure
1550:Electromagnetic lock
1258:Flammability diagram
1169:Fundamental concepts
67:improve this article
1733:Fire alarm call box
1640:Heat and smoke vent
880:. Associated Press.
812:Cocoanut Grove fire
519:
420:Template:Club fires
412:Cocoanut Grove fire
367:Some states in the
1705:Fire alarm systems
1520:Annulus (firestop)
1448:Flashback arrestor
1413:Fire-safe polymers
1408:Fire retardant gel
1263:Flammability limit
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289:World Trade Center
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1946:Safety data sheet
1941:List of S-phrases
1936:List of R-phrases
1832:Sprinkler fitting
1723:Circuit integrity
1595:Fire extinguisher
1433:Firefighting foam
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1117:Media related to
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293:Stardust Disaster
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84: –
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78:Find sources:
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56:This article
54:
50:
45:
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40:
33:
19:
2028:
2016:
1915:Flame spread
1801:Fireproofing
1779:and services
1680:Smoke damper
1670:Safety glass
1605:Fire hydrant
1570:Fire curtain
1554:
1530:Booster pump
1489:Relief valve
1453:Fusible link
1243:Fire loading
1238:Fire control
1208:Deflagration
1111:
1093:. Retrieved
1089:
1079:
1071:Flightglobal
1070:
1060:
1051:
1024:
1015:
1003:. Retrieved
999:aviacrash.nl
998:
989:
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942:. Retrieved
938:the original
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860:. Retrieved
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824:Buenos Aires
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308:fire escapes
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254:double helix
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65:Please help
60:verification
57:
1635:Grease duct
1590:Fire escape
1580:Fire damper
1473:Intumescent
1418:Fire safety
1383:Fire bucket
1278:Flash point
1005:2 September
603:Floor level
586:Floor level
569:Floor level
552:Floor level
538:Exit limit
358:New Zealand
350:South Korea
277:fire drills
231:fire escape
215:fire escape
2045:Categories
1932:(NFPA 101)
1895:CE marking
1748:Fire drill
1351:Technology
1248:Fire point
1233:Fire class
1213:Detonation
1001:(in Dutch)
944:2012-08-28
862:2023-03-28
830:References
796:Sunderland
477:Boeing 737
407:nightclubs
243:stairwells
208:exit signs
177:evacuation
123:March 2017
93:newspapers
37:See also:
1888:Standards
1817:Fire test
1645:Occupancy
1610:Fire pump
1600:Fire hose
1585:Fire door
1565:Exit sign
1540:Crash bar
1313:Pyrolysis
1308:Pool fire
1273:Flashover
1228:Explosive
1176:Backdraft
685:A350-1000
535:Step-down
501:exit rows
458:crash bar
354:Australia
320:Exit sign
281:disasters
221:Buildings
204:crash bar
155:Stockholm
39:Exit sign
18:Fire exit
2017:Category
1981:See also
1910:EN 16034
1620:Firestop
1575:Fire cut
1298:Jet fire
1288:Gas leak
1204:(HAZMAT)
1187:Boilover
1095:July 11,
1026:Het Volk
961:Archived
743:overwing
689:A330-900
465:Aircraft
392:, France
386:Limonest
342:ISO 7010
295:and the
2029:Commons
1862:(NCEES)
1183:(BLEVE)
1031:Delpher
778:History
736:Ryanair
695:Gallery
532:Step-up
314:Signage
287:on the
107:scholar
2061:Safety
1960:Awards
1874:(SFPE)
1868:(NFPA)
1850:(FEMA)
1813:(FSES)
529:Height
362:Canada
237:Local
109:
102:
95:
88:
80:
1951:UL 94
1905:EN 54
1856:(IFE)
1485:(PPE)
526:Width
474:USAir
390:Rhône
338:Japan
206:with
173:fires
114:JSTOR
100:books
1900:EN 3
1880:(UL)
1097:2012
1007:2023
681:EASA
651:IV.†
631:III.
555:110
523:Type
360:and
86:news
822:in
794:in
646:35
626:40
611:II.
606:45
589:55
572:75
167:An
153:in
69:by
2047::
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838:^
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666:9
594:I.
577:C.
560:B.
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229:A
213:A
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130:(
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121:(
111:·
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34:.
20:)
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