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141:, for example, has a 5.5° approach slope; only aircraft that can maintain such an approach slope are allowed to use the airport. In the United Kingdom, any approach of 4.5° or greater is defined as steep and requires special approval. Steeper approaches require a longer landing distance, which reduces runway throughout at busy airports, and requires longer taxi distances. Airports such as Heathrow and London Luton are trialling slightly steeper approaches (3.2°) to reduce noise, by keeping the aircraft higher for longer and reducing engine power required during descent.
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233:, The FAF and FAP are two different concepts, representing potentially two different altitude-distance points from the MAPt for different approaches to the same runway. However, the FAF and FAP share the same definition as being the point at which the final approach segment is commenced. For example, the FAF for the VOR+DME approach to Runway 10 at
226:) or known distance to a beacon (typically located at the aerodrome), which would identify the point for final approach to be commenced by the flying crew. The final approach point (FAP) is an equivalent point for a precision approach, where intermediate approach segment intercepts the glideslope of an instrument landing system.
263:
For example, in the United States, the final approach fix is marked on a NACO IAP by a lightning bolt symbol and on a
Jeppesen terminal chart by the end of the glide slope path symbol. It is the point in space where the final approach segment begins on an instrument approach. The final approach point
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symbol. In the United States, where the approach navigation aid is on the field and there is no symbol depicted, the final approach point is "where the aircraft is established inbound on the final approach course from the procedure turn and where the final approach descent may be commenced".
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operating procures describe the final approach segment as being the segment beginning at the final approach fix/point (FAF/FAP) and ending at the missed approach point (MAPt). The FAF/FAP is generally either a co-located navigational aid beacon (for example a
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Pragmatically, in an aviation world becoming less reliant on traditional navigational aid beacons, the FAF and FAP have come to be known as the same thing - accordingly,
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105:(VFR), often a "straight-in" final approach is used, where all the other legs are dispensed within. Straight-in approaches are discouraged at
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133:. A commonly used approach slope is 3° from the horizontal. However, some airports have a steeper approach slope because of
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United States TERPS (Terminal
Instrument Procedures) specifies maximum glidepath angles/vertical descent angles for each
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tend to mark the FAF/FAP with same symbol, typically with a cross symbol such as
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93:(VMC), aircraft turns from base leg to final within one-half to two miles of the
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US Standard for
Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS), Table 2.6.1, page 2-47.
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for landing. In aviation radio terminology, it is often shortened to "final".
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is sometimes used to mean approach slope, although in precise usage the
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is the path that an aircraft follows on its final approach to
334:, page 213 and 241. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997.
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This article is about the aviation term. For other uses, see
406:"Steep Approach Approval Compliance Statement and Checklist"
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is a point on a non-precision approach and is marked by a
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482:"Heathrow trials steeper landing angle 'to reduce noise'"
101:, as well as approaches into a controlled airfield under
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Final approach fix (FAF) and final approach point (FAP)
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202:. Showing the FAF for this non-precision approach.
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27:Final stage in an aircraft's approach to landing
332:Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition
170:, illustrating the approach slope to the runway
214:. Showing the FAP for this precision approach.
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446:"Slightly Steeper Approach Study Report 2021"
237:is at 3600 feet and 9.5nm from the Alicante
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590:"Skybrary - Instrument Approach Procedure"
576:"Skybrary - Instrument Approach Procedure"
376:"London City Airport - Airport Operations"
74:, when the aircraft is lined up with the
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182:is the vertical guidance element of the
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212:Alicante–Elche Miguel Hernández Airport
200:Alicante–Elche Miguel Hernández Airport
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137:, buildings, or other considerations.
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462:from the original on 28 February 2023
422:from the original on 28 February 2023
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352:"Operations at Non-Towered Airports"
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820:Types of final approach (aviation)
129:. It is ideally a gentle downward
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618:"Pilot/Controller Glossary. "F""
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305:. 14 March 2012. Archived from
34:Final approach (disambiguation)
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210:ILS Approach to Runway 10 at
198:VOR Approach to Runway 10 at
18:Final approach (aeronautics)
7:
548:"What is a fix in aviation"
378:. Lcacc.org. Archived from
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10:
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653:Aircraft on final approach
604:"Spanish AIP - AIP España"
511:"ICAO Doc 8168 PANS-OPS".
279:Index of aviation articles
146:aircraft approach category
31:
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184:instrument landing system
402:Civil Aviation Authority
168:Christmas Island Airport
66:) is the last leg in an
299:"Aviation Glossary - F"
87:airport landing pattern
528:Cite journal requires
357:. AOPA. Archived from
224:non-directional beacon
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109:in the United States.
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166:on final approach at
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99:instrument approaches
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655:at Wikimedia Commons
488:. 17 September 2015.
442:London Luton Airport
413:publicapps.caa.co.uk
107:non-towered airports
745:Takeoff and landing
364:on 13 January 2006.
139:London City Airport
103:visual flight rules
453:london-luton.co.uk
309:on 18 October 2015
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64:final approach leg
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43:Final approach at
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161:Alliance Airlines
58:(also called the
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697:Main phases
180:glide slope
176:glide slope
52:aeronautics
809:Categories
769:Step climb
285:References
135:topography
80:descending
794:Go-around
386:21 August
313:21 August
174:The term
164:Fokker 70
60:final leg
764:Rotation
628:25 April
486:BBC News
466:13 April
457:Archived
426:27 March
417:Archived
273:See also
68:aircraft
759:Holding
729:Landing
724:Descent
709:Takeoff
704:Taxiing
243:ILS/DME
239:VOR/DME
95:airport
72:landing
779:Loiter
719:Cruise
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229:Under
159:of an
127:runway
97:. For
76:runway
54:, the
751:types
714:Climb
460:(PDF)
449:(PDF)
420:(PDF)
409:(PDF)
362:(PDF)
355:(PDF)
131:slope
125:on a
630:2013
534:help
515:(6).
468:2023
428:2023
388:2012
336:ISBN
315:2012
231:ICAO
219:ICAO
123:land
78:and
62:and
622:FAA
256:or
117:An
50:In
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