4016:, Atatürk's secretary, quotes Atatürk on the subject of his successor, "Of course, the right to speak and elect belongs to nation and its representative Grand National Assembly. But I'll state my opinion about this issue. Firstly İsmet Paşa comes to mind; he has performed many great contributions to this country. However, for some reason he seems not to get (sic) public sympathy. So he should not be very attractive (sic). And Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak, he has great contributions in this country and also he fared well with everyone, he always has appreciated opinions of owners of authority; he is in a fight with nobody. In this regard, I think he is the most appropriate friend for the Head of State". Atatürk'ten Hatıralar
561:
549:
518:
505:
4793:
1355:
3656:, Erkan-ı Harbiye Mektebi Matbaası, İstanbul, 1927, p. 475, modern Turkish text: ... 6 Haziran 1329 sabahı Karadeniz, akşama doğru da Gülcemal, seman iskelesinden hareket ettiler. Ben de Gülcemal'de indim. Garbî Rumeli'nde beş asırlık Türk hâkimiyetine veda ettik. Güneş batarken Arnavutluk sahilleri tedricen gözümüzün önünden siliniyordu. Atalarımızın asırlarca müdded kanlarıyla suladığı ve eski yeni birçok şühedamızın gömüldüğü vatan parçasının terki kalplerimizde nâ kabul izale acılar, hasretler tevlîd ediyordu. Cehalet ve politika kurbanı olan Garbî Rumeli elyevm elîm hicrânlar içinde çırpınmakadır.
45:
1198:
572:
596:
968:
1701:
1181:. We've bid farewell to five centuries of Turkish rule of Western Rumelia. When the sun went down, the coast of Albania was gradually ceasing to be visible in front of our eyes. The cession of the part of our homeland, where our ancestors irrigated with their blood for centuries and many old and new martyrs were buried, brought unacceptable heartbreak and nostalgia to our hearts. Today, Western Rumelia that is the victim of ignorance and politics, was fluttering in pathetic sorrows.
1845:
1679:
1718:
1613:
1550:
1499:
1135:( 23–24 October 1912), Fevzi wrote that the distributions of the Ottoman forces over a wide area gave initiative to the enemy and that mobilization and concentration plan was poorly designed and flawed. He also noted that there were great deficiencies in artillery, wireless, and air units. But he wrote that he had put the idea of creating a six-corps army of one hundred thousand men operation on interior lines from the Monastir (present day:
5268:
4598:
4856:
530:
1347:
5218:
477:
1146:( 16–19 November 1912), his younger brother Muhtar Efendi was killed in action at the heights of Oblakovo, northwest of Bitola. After the defeat at the Battle of Bitola, he wrote that the Vardar Army's effective strength for its 78 infantry battalions was 39,398 men. The Vardar Army retreated to Albania. On 10 May, because Colonel
888:. to mother Hesna Hanım, daughter of Varnalı Hacı Bekir Efendi, who was the youngest son of Ömer Ağa, and father Ali Sırrı Efendi, who was the son of Çakmakoğlu Hüseyin Derviş Kaptan. Ali Sırrı Efendi had served for Tophane (Arsenal) as secretary. In 1879 Ali Sırrı Bey was appointed to Black Sea Artillery Regiment (
1042:, took to the hills with 200 soldiers and a number of civilians, and issued a manifesto which demanded the restoration of constitutional government. Şemsi Pasha, an ethnic Albanian, was ordered to crush the rebel and went to Monastir with two battalions. But he was shot and killed by then Second Lieutenant
1477:
On 9 November, in addition to his existing tasks, he was temporarily appointed Vice
Minister of the Chief of the General Staff, because the Chief of the General Staff İsmet Bey was continuously at the front as the commander of Western Front. On 24 January 1921, in addition to his other tasks, he
1283:
On 15 February 1918, he wrote to Erich von
Falkenhayn, serious problems with the inefficient lines of communication and the supply and recruiting zone proportionate with the strength and situation of the army. Moreover, he mentioned that here were combat skills proficiency problems caused by the
1083:). On 19 October, he went back to Istanbul to continue his task at the 4th department of the General Staff. On 11 February 1912, he was appointed to the member of the committee that was formed under the chairmanship of the Minister of the Interior Hacı Adil Bey with the decision about reform of
1056:), and at the same time, the commander of the 35th Brigade . On 15 January 1910, he was temporarily assigned to the headquarters of the Kosovo Provisional Corps, on 29 September, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and on 27 July, became the chief of staff of the same corps.
1832:
His name was mentioned as a possible successor of Atatürk and as a
Turkish war hero he was very respected amongst the Turkish political and civil society. But he denied his interest of becoming president mentioning Ismet Inönü as the official candidate.
958:
On 28 January 1898, he entered the
Imperial War Academy and on 16 March 1897, he was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant. On 25 December 1898, he graduated from Academy as a staff captain and was assigned to the 4th department of the General Staff.
5694:
1240:
On 6 December 1915, he served concurrently as the commander of the
Anafartalar Group. In April 1916, he was appointed to the 3rd military district of Eastern Front and on 7 September 1916, to the commander of
4490:
5654:
1150:(Sedes), who was the chief of staff of the Vardar Army, went to Istanbul, and Fevzi was deputized the chief of staff. On 19 June, the headquarters of the Vardar Army evacuated from the pier on the
1314:
ratified the decision about the establishing of army inspectorates that had been accepted by the Chief of
General Staff On 14 May 1919, he was appointed to the commander of the Inspector of the
5649:
3900:
Suny, Ronald Grigor; Göçek, Fatma Müge; Gocek, Fatma Muge; Naimark, Norman M.; Naimark, Robert and
Florence McDonnell Professor of East European Studies Norman M. (23 February 2011).
3279:
4946:
4844:
824:
as the Chief of
General Staff in August 1921 and continued serving after the Turkish Republic was declared in 1923. Adopting the surname 'Çakmak', he was a candidate to succeed
5096:
832:
after Atatürk's death in 1938, but stood down in favour of İnönü. He continued to serve as Chief of
General Staff until 1944, after which he became a Member of Parliament for
4586:
1276:
and the eastern half of the
Palestine Front on 28 October. But Falkenhayn gave an alternate set of orders on the same day, giving command of all units on the Sinai Front to
5028:
5619:
3672:
5674:
742:
and assigned to the 4th Department of the General Staff, Mustafa Fevzi participated in numerous battles during the prolonged downfall of the Ottoman Empire, such as the
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980:
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4956:
4226:
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4013:
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893:
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5256:
5106:
5091:
5081:
5008:
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4167:
5629:
5147:
1294:
After World War I, on 24 December 1918, Fevzi Pasha was appointed to the Chief of the General Staff of the Ottoman Empire. In April 1919, he met with
4579:
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1307:
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4363:
721:
633:
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1059:
On 15 January 1911, he was assigned to the 4th department of the General Staff. On 2 October 1911, when he was staying in İşkodra (present day:
5132:
5234:
5679:
5684:
5644:
4572:
3310:, p. 2, TBMM Arşivi; VIII. Dönem İstanbul millet vekili Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın hâl tercümesi, sicil no. 293, defter no. 486, zarf no. 32.
5599:
1781:
1218:
1306:) to establish army inspectorate for the defense of homeland. In late April, Fevzi Pasha submitted this report to the Minister of War
5594:
5280:
4606:
4525:
4398:
4367:
1277:
725:
705:
522:
5609:
5604:
5709:
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3367:
1030:
and elected the member of the secret board of directors of the Metroviça branch of the committee. On 3 July 1908, Senior Captain
899:
He studied at Sadık Hoca Mektebi in Rumeli Kavağı between 1882 and 1884. He continued to study at Tedrisiye-i Haybiye Mektebi in
161:
4260:
1689:: Chief of General Staff Mareşal Fevzi (Çakmak), President Gazi Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), Speaker of the Grand National Assembly
5634:
3669:
3530:
Identity and Identity Formation in the Ottoman Middle East and the Balkans: A Volume of the Essays in Honor of Norman Itzkowitz
1945:
1186:
451:
5217:
3998:
3944:
3911:
3704:
3307:
837:
713:
218:
3670:"Mülâzım-ı Evvel Mehmed Nazif Efendi'nin Conkbayırı'nda Şehit Düşüşü ve Buna İlişkin Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)'in Bir Mektubu"
1530:
4546:
4521:
4281:
1471:
1185:
On 2 August 1913, he was appointed to the commander of the Ankara Reserve Division, on 6 November, to the commander of the
697:
312:
274:
5704:
1245:, which consisted of the 5th, 11th and 37th Caucasian divisions. On 5 July 1917, he was appointed to the commander of the
4594:
3767:
1808:
In 1930, he complained that the Kurds would still demand their right for self-determination like it was described in the
1584:, on 5 August 1921, he resigned as the Minister of War and was appointed the Minister of the Chief of the General Staff.
1242:
1233:
of the 1st Company of the 2nd Battalion of the 64th Regiment, Lieutenant Mehmed Nazif Efendi was killed in action in the
617:
1963:
5242:
4602:
4107:
Ahmet Çakmak named 2000 SEAS Distinguished Professor of the department of operations research and financial engineering
3335:
1754:
775:
629:
3863:
Sadri Karakoyunlu, "Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi'nin Yankıları (Melhâme-i Kübrâ Büyük Kan Seli veya büyük Savaş Alanı)",
1315:
5659:
4394:
4023:
3751:
3585:
476:
5724:
4852:
1914:
1027:
939:
on 29 April 1893. He completed the military school as the seventh of the class on 28 January 1896 and joined the
709:
458:
103:
1003:
languages to read their newspapers for collecting information. On 20 April 1900, he was promoted to the rank of
5639:
5614:
5264:
1969:
1793:
940:
1268:
until 18 October and began to move his headquarters forward to Halilürrahman and arrived there on 23 October.
5699:
4463:
1409:
1257:
1068:
781:. After briefly serving as War Minister in 1920, Fevzi left to join the dissident Grand National Assembly in
625:
609:
565:
4722:
4727:
4433:
1261:
1246:
621:
20:
1461:
The Ottoman Military Court declared a death sentence for him, in absentia. This sentence was published in
4277:
3418:
Nusret Baycan, "Büyük Taarruz'da Komuta Kademelerinde Görev Alanlarla Üst Düzeydeki Karargâh Subayları",
1857:
1405:
1397:
988:
928:
841:
801:
771:
659:
643:
440:
4976:
1864:, Istanbul, on 12 April 1950. His family rejected an effort to exhume his body and effect a transfer to
1729:
1624:
1561:
1510:
1432:
851:
Fevzi Çakmak remains, alongside Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, as one of the only two field marshals of Turkey.
5177:
1119:
On 29 September 1912, he was appointed to the chief of the 1st department (chief of operations) of the
1084:
5409:
4261:"Bir telefon bile etmedi. Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak’ın Amerika’daki öz torunu Ahmet Çakmak VATAN’a konuştu"
4106:
808:. He succeeded Mustafa Kemal as Prime Minister in 1921, resigning in 1922 to engage in the successful
5367:
4811:
4737:
4667:
3886:
3868:
3795:
3423:
845:
5272:
5101:
1800:
Following this report, three of such Inspectorates–General were established in the Kurdish areas.
1206:
944:
751:
717:
613:
60:
5486:
5296:
4473:
4455:
4443:
4423:
4387:
3936:
1682:
1644:
825:
797:
241:
182:
126:
83:
5382:
4118:
Ahmet Çakmak, Professor Emeritus, the department of operations research and financial engineering
1284:
inability of his under-strength army to withdraw front-line units for training in the rear area.
5548:
5538:
3931:
The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds: An Analysis of Spatial Policies, Modernity and War
3881:
Zekeriya Türkmen, "Özdemir Bey’in Musul Harekatı ve İngilizlerin Karşı Tedbirleri (1921–1923)",
1648:
1424:
1401:
1049:
On 19 August 1909, he was demoted to major, because of the Law for the Purge of Military Ranks.
809:
4234:
1865:
44:
4662:
1354:
1295:
5404:
5345:
5335:
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4514:
1769:
1694:
1534:
1385:
1234:
821:
759:
663:
198:
186:
3928:
2989:
979:
On 11 April 1899, he became the staff officer of 18th Regular Division under the command of
885:
5584:
5579:
5086:
5068:
5053:
4930:
4094:
4086:
2985:
1537:(İnönü) and was able to stop the retreat of the Army of Grand National Assembly afterward.
1374:
1269:
935:) between 1890 and 1893. After graduating from the Kuleli military high school, he entered
896:, and the family moved there. Thus, Fevzi's name in the Army became "Kavaklı Fevzi Pasha".
786:
696:) and politician. He served as the Chief of General Staff from 1918 and 1919 and later the
5361:
5003:
4925:
4747:
4742:
3965:"Dersim Massacre, 1937-1938 | Sciences Po Mass Violence and Resistance - Research Network"
1197:
911:) between 1886 and 1887, at Soğukçeşme Askerî Rüşdiyesi between 1887 and 1890. He learned
8:
3929:
1389:
1226:
829:
5502:
5496:
5464:
5454:
5444:
5414:
5172:
5127:
4915:
4910:
4900:
4885:
4717:
3826:
Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri
3562:
Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri
3488:
Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri
3457:
Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri
1690:
1652:
1413:
1043:
817:
692:
599:
32:
4682:
4504:
4483:
4297:
2981:
1659:
1393:
1366:
1335:
1299:
1210:
1143:
1132:
1052:
On 29 December 1908 he was appointed as governor and commander of Taşlıca (present day
1012:
996:
984:
972:
881:
778:
755:
747:
729:
367:
355:
339:
305:
5543:
5073:
4652:
3654:
Garbî Rumeli'nin Suret-i Ziya-ı ve Balkan Harbinde Garp Cephesi Hakkında. Konferanslar
3528:
Nilüfer Hatemi, "Marshal Fevzi Cakmak’s Family and Education: A Formation Process" in
1984:
Garbî Rumeli'nin Suret-i Ziya-ı ve Balkan Harbinde Garp Cephesi Hakkında. Konferanslar
1820:, and demanded the exclusion of any member of Kurdish race from the administration in
5518:
5187:
4657:
4647:
4349:
4019:
3994:
3960:
3940:
3907:
3783:
3747:
3700:
3581:
3303:
3000:
1908:
1902:
1880:
1588:
1581:
1230:
1064:
1000:
948:
805:
647:
343:
150:
4077:, appendix: 25, İstanbul Milletvekili Seçilen Fevzi Paşa için tanzim edilen tutanak.
1331:
1107:
and on 3 July, to the deputy commander of the 21st Infantry Division at Yakova (now
1076:
301:
5207:
5197:
5182:
5121:
4771:
4763:
4732:
4707:
4627:
4556:
2500:
2485:
1884:
1872:
1785:
1773:
1362:
1217:. He arrived at the Gallipoli Front on 13 July and command his corps in battles of
1128:
1096:
1092:
1080:
1031:
992:
916:
743:
736:
671:
667:
210:
5528:
5459:
5449:
5434:
5398:
5058:
5048:
5018:
4920:
4905:
1939:
1861:
430:
5192:
4273:
3676:
3342:
1876:
1809:
1463:
1378:
1039:
936:
912:
767:
655:
5533:
5523:
5513:
5508:
5491:
5469:
5392:
5167:
4998:
4687:
4637:
1291:. But in August 1918 he fell ill and went to Istanbul to get medical treatment.
595:
5387:
5157:
4993:
4982:
4971:
4712:
4702:
4494:
4339:
4305:
4087:"Cakmak, Irby, Keaney, Miner, Obeyesekere, Peebles transfer to emeritus status"
1957:
1951:
1813:
1792:), which recommended the suppression of the Kurdish elite and establishment of
1420:
1100:
967:
877:
873:
739:
701:
510:
463:
403:
316:
278:
5474:
5350:
4782:
4752:
5573:
4632:
1896:
1700:
1667:
1483:
1004:
813:
687:
5152:
3903:
A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire
1326:
and on 31 December, he was appointed to the member of the Military Council (
1250:
5355:
5162:
4776:
4692:
4672:
4117:
1930:
1455:
1359:
1288:
1104:
1035:
796:
He was appointed as National Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister by
790:
576:
554:
1853:
1844:
1678:
419:
5424:
5372:
5340:
5311:
5202:
5142:
5063:
5038:
4895:
4890:
4757:
4697:
4677:
3964:
3516:, Sayı: 83, Nisan 1991, Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara, 1991, p. 56.
1817:
1797:
1428:
1151:
1124:
1120:
927:
and was one of the prominent intelligentsia at the time. He continued to
651:
19:"Fevzi Pasha" redirects here. For other people known as Fevzi Pasha, see
4209:
1717:
1612:
1549:
1498:
1067:(29 September 1911 – 18 October 1912) broke out, he was assigned to the
5439:
5419:
5377:
5306:
5116:
4940:
4880:
4642:
4408:
4377:
4041:
1923:
1079:. On 6 October, he was appointed governor of İpek Sancağı (present day
267:
95:
5695:
Recipients of the Medal of Independence with Red-Green Ribbon (Turkey)
1760:
He quit politics by resigning from the parliament on 31 October 1924.
1060:
900:
5480:
5429:
1587:
The Army of Grand National Assembly defeated the Greek forces at the
1311:
1302:
secretly in Constantinople and prepared a report called "Trio Oath" (
1273:
919:
languages from his grandfather Hacı Bekir Efendi, who had studied in
3744:
Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920)
1446:
on 27 April 1920. On 3 May, he was elected the Minister of Defense (
1821:
1439:
1053:
869:
865:
833:
820:) in 1922 at the recommendation of Mustafa Kemal. He had succeeded
399:
395:
3280:
List of high-ranking commanders of the Turkish War of Independence
1685:'s 1933 speech at the 10th anniversary of the Republic of Turkey,
1417:
1382:
1214:
1108:
1088:
1072:
1020:
924:
4075:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
3852:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
3839:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
3641:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
3628:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
3501:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
3394:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
3300:
Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri, 1876–1950
1529:
Fevzi Çakmak took control of the Army after the Turkish loss in
5655:
Turkish military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
5321:
5267:
4864:
4597:
1592:
1443:
1346:
1265:
1136:
1111:), on 6 August, to the staff of the General Forces of Kosovo .
800:
in 1920, commanding numerous military successes throughout the
782:
766:
and the Chief of General Staff of the Ottoman Empire after the
535:
445:
61:
Prime Minister of the Government of the Grand National Assembly
4237:
Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
3731:
Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A comparative study
3718:
Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A comparative study
3697:
Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A comparative study
1205:
On 22 December 1913, he was appointed to the commander of the
5650:
Turkish military personnel of the Turkish War of Independence
920:
763:
3615:
Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913
3578:
Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913
1662:
has had up till now. So even today, an unspecified nickname
1189:
and on 24 November, he was promoted to the rank of colonel.
1763:
1280:
until the new command arrangements would become functional
4149:
Büyük Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın Askerî Dehâsı, Siyasî Hayatı
1750:
On 14 August 1923, he was elected a deputy from Istanbul.
1103:). 9 May, he was appointed to a secretariat formed in the
840:. He later resigned from the Democrats and co-founded the
4243:
Manuscripts Division. 2002. Princeton University Library.
1658:
They were and still are the only field marshals that the
1438:
After the resignation of Salih Pasha Cabinet, he went to
1256:
On 9 October 1917, he was assigned to the command of the
3459:, Genelkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 52.
3368:"Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak'ın Büyük Dedesi'nin Mezarı ve Evi"
1852:
He died on the morning of 10 April 1950 in his house in
1201:
Portrait of Marashall Fevzi Çakmak by Hüseyin Avni Lifij
1131:(8 October 1912 – 30 May 1913), after the defeat at the
1972:
with Red-Green Ribbon (21 November 1923) & Citation
1651:. On 31 August 1922, he was promoted to rank of Müşir (
1358:
Commanders of the Army of Ankara government: 1st line:
1827:
1026:
According to some researchers, he was in contact with
943:
as an infantryman where he saw combat during the 1897
4174:, Tercüman Aile ve Kültür Kitaplığı, İstanbul, 1986.
3899:
1887:. He spoke French and translated English and German.
1772:, he was a member of the Reform Council of the East (
758:, during which his younger brother was killed in the
1755:
Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey
1600:
On 12 July 1922, he resigned as the Prime Minister.
1442:
to participate in the national movement arriving at
5620:
Ottoman military personnel of the Italo-Turkish War
3596:
3594:
3455:T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları,
1986:, Erkan-ı Harbiye Mektebi Matbaası, İstanbul, 1927.
5675:Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie, 5th class
4159:Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak: büyük milletin, büyük askeri
3906:. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 301–302.
1213:. On 2 March 1915, he was promoted to the rank of
4061:, 26 ncı yıl Sayı: 9223, Thursday 13 April 1950.
5571:
4045:, 26 ncı yıl Sayı: 9221, Tuesday 11 April 1950.
3820:
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3788:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3770:. Archived from the original on 16 February 2007
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1768:In September 1925, after the suppression of the
1470:He became one of the founders of the "Official"
1310:. On 30 April 1919, the War Ministry and Sultan
1287:On 28 July 1918, he was promoted to the rank of
728:and the first Chief of the General Staff of the
686:(12 January 1876 – 10 April 1950) was a Turkish
16:Turkish field marshal and politician (1876–1950)
3664:
3662:
1139:) area. The Vardar Army retreated to Monastir.
5690:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
1489:
880:origin. Their ancestors came to Istanbul from
5625:Ottoman military personnel of the Balkan Wars
5250:
4838:
4580:
4039:"Mareşal Fevzi Çakmağı dün sabah kaybettik",
3803:
3539:
3465:
3430:
1322:). On 3 November, he assigned to the task in
1127:, formed within the Western Army. During the
864:Mustafa Fevzi was born on 12 January 1876 in
4207:Adnan Çakmak, "Fevzi Çakmak'ın Hatıraları",
3659:
3572:
3570:
1655:) with the recommendation of Mustafa Kemal.
3380:Millı̂ Kültür, p;7, Kültür Bakanlığı (1990)
3357:Millı̂ Kültür, p;7, Kültür Bakanlığı (1990)
1948:, 2nd class (Austria-Hungary, 3 April 1917)
1704:Fevzi Çakmak posing in front of an aircraft
5257:
5243:
4845:
4831:
4587:
4573:
4139:Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak: Askerî Hususî Hayatı
3991:Eternal Dawn: Turkey in the Age of Atatürk
3683:, LVIII/222 (Ağustos, 1994), pp. 451–459.
1954:with Swords, 2nd class (23 September 1917)
1871:He knew French, English, German, Russian,
1177:, left pier at Seman. I also got on board
770:and was appointed as the commander of the
43:
5630:Ottoman military personnel of World War I
3926:
3567:
1890:
1753:On 3 March 1924, he was appointed as the
750:. He was engaged as the Commander of the
706:Government of the Grand National Assembly
704:in 1920. He later joined the provisional
3993:. Oxford University Press. p. 383.
3988:
3534:International Journal of Turkish Studies
1843:
1764:Member of the Reform Council in the East
1699:
1677:
1353:
1345:
1334:Cabinet (3 February – 3 March 1920) and
1229:. On 8 August, his younger brother, the
1196:
966:
174:5 August 1921 – 12 January 1944
5720:Nation Party (Turkey, 1948) politicians
5715:Members of the 1st government of Turkey
5670:Ministers of national defence of Turkey
4213:, 10 April – 20 May 1975 (41 volumes).
4161:, Milliyetçi Yayınlar, İstanbul, 1968.
3512:Ayfer Özçelik, "Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak",
1960:with Swords, 1st class (7 January 1918)
1926:, 2nd class (Germany, 26 December 1915)
1708:
329:24 December 1918 – 14 May 1919
291:3 February 1920 – 2 April 1920
73:24 January 1921 – 12 July 1922
5590:20th-century prime ministers of Turkey
5572:
4274:Newspaper clippings about Fevzi Çakmak
4057:"Mareşal Çakmağı Dün Toprağa Verdik",
3959:
3388:
3386:
1856:. His funeral service was held at the
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2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1991:Büyük Harpte Şark Cephesi Hareketleri
1482:) and on 3 April, he was promoted to
859:
735:Graduating from the War College as a
720:from 1921 to 1922. He was the second
116:3 May 1920 – 24 January 1921
5680:Recipients of the Gold Imtiyaz Medal
4547:Chief of the General Staff of Turkey
4184:, Kastaş Yayınları, İstanbul, 2006.
3746:, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
1936:War Medal (Germany, 21 October 1916)
1712:
1607:
1544:
1540:
1493:
1330:). He became the Minister of War of
1162:and arrived at Istanbul on 22 June.
5685:Recipients of the Gold Liakat Medal
5645:Chiefs of the Turkish General Staff
4194:, Ötüken Neşriyat, İstanbul, 2008.
4172:Kahraman Asker Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak
4141:, Yeni Asır Matbaası, İzmir, 1946.
3383:
1828:Candidate to be Atatürk's successor
1075:under the command of Birinci Ferik
1071:that was formed for the defense of
231:3 May 1920 – 5 August 1921
13:
5600:Kuleli Military High School alumni
4810:indicates Acting Chief during the
4551:29 October 1923 – 12 January 1944
4241:"Fevzi Çakmak Diaries, 1911–1950."
4151:, Sinan Matbaası, İstanbul, 1962.
4126:
3885:, Sayı 49, Cilt: XVII, Mart 2001,
3536:, 13:1&2, (Fall 2007): p. 203.
1993:, Gen.Kur. Basımevi, Ankara, 1936.
1603:
1338:Cabinet (8 March – 2 April 1920).
962:
14:
5736:
4220:
3883:Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi
3865:Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi
3420:Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi
1803:
1673:
1454:) as a parliamentary deputy from
1034:stationed at Resne (present day:
5595:Military personnel from Istanbul
5266:
5216:
4854:
4791:
4596:
4530:5 August 1921 – 29 October 1923
3927:Jongerden, Joost (28 May 2007).
3867:, Sayı 31, Cilt: XI, Mart 1995,
3422:, Sayı 26, Cilt: IX, Mart 1993,
1716:
1611:
1548:
1497:
1474:established on 18 October 1920.
1169:On the morning of June 6, 1329,
594:
570:
559:
547:
528:
516:
503:
475:
5610:Ottoman Military College alumni
5605:Ottoman Military Academy alumni
4499:24 December 1918 – 14 May 1919
4468:9 October 1917 – 7 August 1918
4310:3 February 1920 – 3 March 1920
4192:Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak: 1876–1950
4111:
4100:
4080:
4067:
4051:
4033:
4007:
3982:
3953:
3920:
3893:
3875:
3857:
3844:
3831:
3760:
3736:
3723:
3646:
3633:
3620:
3607:
3522:
3506:
3493:
3302:, Genelkurmay Basım Evi, 1997,
1836:He retired on 12 January 1944.
1320:Birinci Ordu Kıt'aatı Müfettişi
1028:Committee of Union and Progress
459:Committee of Union and Progress
104:Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
5710:People of the Dersim rebellion
5665:Government ministers of Turkey
5562:denote acting prime ministers.
4403:24 January 1921 – 9 July 1922
3969:dersim-massacre-1937-1938.html
3412:
3399:
3374:
3360:
3351:
3329:
3316:
3292:
2499:(1884 – 16 November 1912
1997:
1778:Turkish: Şark İslahat Encümeni
1452:Heyet-i Vekile Riyaseti Vekili
1192:
1114:
971:Railway station of Metroviça (
772:First Army Troops Inspectorate
1:
5635:Turks from the Ottoman Empire
4861:Ministers of National Defense
4438:5 July 1917 – 9 October 1917
4018:, Yapıkredi Yayınları, 2004,
3768:"Fotoğraflarla Büyük Taarruz"
3345:, Chief of the General Staff
3285:
1782:Report for Reform in the East
1647:planned and commandeered the
1223:İkinci Kerevizdere Muharebesi
4364:Minister of National Defense
4344:8 March 1920 – 2 April 1920
1905:, 5th class (22 August 1900)
1316:1st Army Troops Inspectorate
854:
714:Minister of National Defense
630:1st Army Troops Inspectorate
219:Minister of National Defense
21:Fevzi Pasha (disambiguation)
7:
4372:3 May 1920 – 5 August 1921
4278:20th Century Press Archives
4254:, Sayı: 800, 5 April 2010.
4227:General Staff official site
4201:
3273:
2484:(1882 – 8 August 1915
1966:(Württemberg, 19 June 1918)
1899:in Silver (23 January 1900)
1860:and he was laid to rest in
1490:Battle of Kütahya-Eskişehir
1450:) and Vice Prime Minister (
1209:. His corps engaged in the
1142:On 16 November, during the
1123:under the command of Ferik
1019:) and on 17 December 1907,
1007:, on 20 April 1902, Major (
929:Kuleli Military High School
802:Turkish War of Independence
660:Turkish War of Independence
455:(Turkish Republic, 1946–48)
10:
5741:
4522:Chief of the General Staff
4491:Chief of the General Staff
1942:in Gold (11 November 1916)
1911:, 4th class (17 July 1906)
1467:newspaper on 30 May 1920.
1350:A portrait of Fevzi Çakmak
983:at Metroviça (present day
903:between 1884 and 1886, at
722:Chief of the General Staff
634:Chief of the General Staff
313:5th Chief of General Staff
18:
5557:
5320:
5279:
5273:Prime ministers of Turkey
5225:
5214:
4871:
4812:2016 Turkish coup attempt
4800:
4789:
4613:
4553:
4544:
4539:
4519:
4511:
4501:
4488:
4480:
4470:
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4440:
4430:
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4405:
4392:
4384:
4374:
4361:
4356:
4346:
4336:
4325:
4312:
4302:
4294:
4289:
4091:Princeton Weekly Bulletin
3796:Afyon Kocatepe University
3341:27 September 2010 at the
3125:
3123:
3121:
3083:
3079:
3073:
2995:
2910:
2908:
2876:
2849:
2835:
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2096:
2087:
1920:Silver (18 November 1915)
1812:provided by US president
1262:Sinai and Palestine Front
677:
639:
605:
590:
582:
542:
498:
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483:
471:
436:
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132:
120:
109:
101:
89:
77:
66:
58:
54:
42:
30:
5705:Burials at Eyüp Cemetery
5660:Field marshals of Turkey
5281:Government of the Grand
4131:
3652:Fevzi Çakmak (Mareşal),
1982:Fevzi Çakmak (Mareşal),
1976:
1839:
1398:Kemalettin Sami (Gökçen)
937:Ottoman Military College
909:Selânik Askerî Rüşdiyesi
905:Salonica Military School
718:Prime Minister of Turkey
5097:Ahmet İhsan Birincioğlu
4474:Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)
4456:Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)
4444:Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)
4424:Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)
4388:Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)
4338:Minister of War of the
4304:Minister of War of the
4248:"Mareşal'in gözyaşları"
3989:Gingeras, Ryan (2019).
1796:that where governed by
1480:Heyet-i Vekile Riyaseti
1478:became Prime Minister (
5725:Anti-Kurdish sentiment
4534:Office disestablished
2998:Noriko Nagafuji Çakmak
1989:Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak,
1891:Medals and decorations
1866:Turkish State Cemetery
1849:
1789:
1780:) which delivered the
1777:
1705:
1697:
1670:) means Fevzi Çakmak.
1435:
1425:Mehmet Sabri (Erçetin)
1402:Cafer Tayyar (Eğilmez)
1351:
1278:Kress von Kressenstein
1272:gave Fevzi control of
1202:
1183:
1154:aboard the steamships
976:
162:Chief of General Staff
5640:Turkish Army generals
5615:Ottoman Army generals
5297:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
5178:Sabahattin Çakmakoğlu
4723:İsmail Hakkı Karadayı
4607:Turkish General Staff
4298:Hulusi Salih (Kezrak)
3679:, Türk Tarih Kurumu,
3532:, Baki Tezcan (ed.),
1970:Medal of Independence
1847:
1816:following the end of
1794:Inspectorates-General
1770:Sheikh Said rebellion
1703:
1691:Kâzım Köprülü (Özalp)
1681:
1433:Ömer Halis (Bıyıktay)
1410:Şükrü Naili (Gökberk)
1390:Ali Sait (Akbaytogan)
1357:
1349:
1235:Battle of Chunuk Bair
1200:
1187:2nd Infantry Division
1167:
970:
933:Kuleli Askerî İdadisi
890:Karadeniz Topçu Alayı
826:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
804:, notably during the
760:Battle of Chunuk Bair
710:Deputy Prime Minister
664:Sheikh Said rebellion
583:Years of service
242:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
183:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
127:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
84:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
5700:Deputies of Istanbul
5539:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
4931:Cemil Cahit Toydemir
4095:Princeton University
3695:Edward J. Erickson,
3675:1 March 2012 at the
3576:Edward J. Erickson,
2986:Princeton University
2679:MUSTAFA FEVZİ ÇAKMAK
1946:Military Merit Cross
1709:Musul offensive plan
1649:Battle of Dumlupınar
1591:on the outskirts of
1448:Milli Müdafaa Vekili
1412:; 3rd line: Mirliva
1394:Ali Hikmet (Ayerdem)
1270:Erich von Falkenhayn
1211:defense of Gallipoli
1173:, in late afternoon
1011:), on 19 July 1906,
810:Battle of Dumlupınar
787:Member of Parliament
756:defence of Gallipoli
684:Mustafa Fevzi Çakmak
256:Position established
139:Position established
5102:Ümit Haluk Bayülken
5029:Mustafa Hazım Dağlı
4977:Mehmet Fuat Köprülü
4957:Ahmet Hulusi Köymen
4947:Hüseyin Hüsnü Çakır
3963:(19 January 2016).
3699:, Routledge, 2007,
3604:, I. Cilt., p. 191.
3409:, II. Cilt, p. 910.
3326:, II. Cilt, p. 907.
2090:Limnili Hacı Derviş
1958:Order of the Osmanî
1952:Order of the Osmanî
1848:Fevzi Çakmak's tomb
1790:Şark İslahat Raporu
1406:İzzettin (Çalışlar)
1342:War of Independence
1296:Şevket Turgut Pasha
1264:and he remained in
876:) His family is of
830:President of Turkey
812:. He was appointed
724:of the provisional
618:2nd Caucasian Corps
5410:Suat Hayri Ürgüplü
5383:Şemsettin Günaltay
5322:Republic of Turkey
4728:Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu
4330:Title last held by
4317:Title next held by
4290:Political offices
3961:Kieser, Hans-Lukas
3935:. BRILL. pp.
3742:Zekeriya Türkmen,
2990:Ahmet Şefik Çakmak
2982:Professor emeritus
1964:Order of the Crown
1850:
1728:. You can help by
1706:
1698:
1660:Republic of Turkey
1623:. You can help by
1560:. You can help by
1509:. You can help by
1436:
1363:Ali Fuat (Cebesoy)
1352:
1243:II Caucasian Corps
1203:
1144:Battle of Monastir
1133:Battle of Kumanovo
1125:Halepli Zeki Pasha
1013:Lieutenant Colonel
977:
886:Balıkesir Province
860:Family and schools
798:Mustafa Kemal Paşa
779:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
748:Battle of Monastir
730:Republic of Turkey
422:, Istanbul, Turkey
340:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
306:Salih Hulusi Pasha
5567:
5566:
5519:Necmettin Erbakan
5362:Ahmet Fikri Tüzer
5283:National Assembly
5232:
5231:
5004:Fahrettin Özdilek
4952:Refik Şevket İnce
4926:Ali Rıza Artunkal
4820:
4819:
4648:Nurettin Baransel
4563:
4562:
4554:Succeeded by
4526:Ankara Government
4502:Succeeded by
4471:Succeeded by
4462:Commander of the
4441:Succeeded by
4432:Commander of the
4416:Military offices
4406:Succeeded by
4399:Ankara Government
4375:Succeeded by
4368:Ankara Government
4347:Succeeded by
4267:, 16 April 2010.
4210:Hürriyet Gazetesi
4000:978-0-19-879121-8
3946:978-90-474-2011-8
3913:978-0-19-539374-3
3705:978-0-415-77099-6
3580:, Praeger, 2003,
3308:978-975-409-098-7
3271:
3270:
2112:Hoca Bekir Efendi
1933:(17 January 1916)
1909:Order of Osmanieh
1903:Order of Medjidie
1746:
1745:
1693:, Prime Minister
1643:Fevzi Çakmak and
1641:
1640:
1589:Battle of Sakarya
1582:Battle of Sakarya
1578:
1577:
1541:Battle of Sakarya
1527:
1526:
1379:Fahrettin (Altay)
1148:Ibrahim Halil Bey
1065:Italo-Turkish War
949:Second Lieutenant
945:Greco-Turkish War
806:Battle of Sakarya
726:Ankara Government
716:and later as the
681:
680:
648:Italo-Turkish War
644:Albanian Uprising
523:Ankara Government
344:Damat Ferid Pasha
5732:
5497:Süleyman Demirel
5487:Yıldırım Akbulut
5465:Süleyman Demirel
5455:Süleyman Demirel
5445:Süleyman Demirel
5415:Süleyman Demirel
5329:
5328:
5290:
5289:
5271:
5270:
5259:
5252:
5245:
5236:
5235:
5227:*Acting Minister
5220:
5198:Nurettin Canikli
5173:Hikmet Sami Türk
5014:Muzaffer Alankuş
4989:Hasan Şemi Ergin
4916:Ahmet Naci Tınaz
4901:Abdülhalik Renda
4859:
4858:
4857:
4847:
4840:
4833:
4824:
4823:
4795:
4794:
4601:
4600:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4566:
4565:
4512:Preceded by
4481:Preceded by
4453:Preceded by
4421:Preceded by
4385:Preceded by
4295:Preceded by
4287:
4286:
4270:
4257:
4246:Mesut Çevikalp,
4231:
4216:
4197:
4187:
4177:
4164:
4154:
4144:
4137:Süleyman Külçe,
4120:
4115:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4084:
4078:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4037:
4031:
4029:
4014:Hasan Rıza Soyak
4011:
4005:
4004:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3934:
3924:
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3897:
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3879:
3873:
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3855:
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3793:
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3775:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3740:
3734:
3727:
3721:
3714:
3708:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3666:
3657:
3650:
3644:
3637:
3631:
3624:
3618:
3611:
3605:
3600:Nilüfer Hatemi,
3598:
3589:
3574:
3565:
3558:
3537:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3510:
3504:
3497:
3491:
3484:
3463:
3462:
3453:
3428:
3427:
3416:
3410:
3405:Nilüfer Hatemi,
3403:
3397:
3390:
3381:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3333:
3327:
3322:Nilüfer Hatemi,
3320:
3314:
3313:
3296:
2505:
2490:
2002:
2001:
1917:(2 October 1915)
1741:
1738:
1720:
1713:
1636:
1633:
1615:
1608:
1573:
1570:
1552:
1545:
1531:Kütahya-Altıntaş
1522:
1519:
1501:
1494:
1421:Alaaddin (Koval)
1129:First Balkan War
1081:District of Peja
1032:Ahmed Niyazi Bey
941:Ottoman military
884:, in modern-day
744:First Balkan War
672:Dersim Rebellion
668:Ararat rebellion
598:
575:
574:
573:
564:
563:
562:
553:
551:
550:
534:
532:
531:
521:
520:
519:
509:
507:
506:
494:Military service
479:
467:
456:
449:
446:Turkish Republic
416:
392:
390:
378:Personal details
364:
352:
336:
327:
298:
289:
264:
252:
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229:
207:
195:
172:
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135:
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92:
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71:
47:
28:
27:
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5734:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5563:
5553:
5549:Binali Yıldırım
5544:Ahmet Davutoğlu
5368:Şükrü Saracoğlu
5326:
5325:
5324:
5316:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5282:
5275:
5265:
5263:
5233:
5228:
5221:
5212:
5087:Hasan Esat Işık
5078:Cihat Bilgehan*
5074:Sadettin Bilgiç
5069:Hasan Esat Işık
5054:Hasan Esat Işık
5034:Ahmet Topaloğlu
4867:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4821:
4816:
4796:
4792:
4787:
4738:Yaşar Büyükanıt
4668:Ragıp Gümüşpala
4653:Hakkı Tunaboylu
4609:
4595:
4593:
4559:
4550:
4529:
4517:
4507:
4505:Cevat (Çobanlı)
4498:
4486:
4484:Cevat (Çobanlı)
4476:
4467:
4458:
4448:
4447:(never assumed)
4446:
4437:
4428:
4426:
4411:
4402:
4390:
4380:
4371:
4352:
4343:
4331:
4318:
4309:
4300:
4268:
4255:
4235:"Fevzi Çakmak."
4229:
4223:
4214:
4204:
4195:
4185:
4175:
4162:
4152:
4142:
4134:
4129:
4127:Further reading
4124:
4123:
4116:
4112:
4105:
4101:
4093:, 22 May 2000,
4085:
4081:
4073:Hayrullah Gök,
4072:
4068:
4062:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4038:
4034:
4027:
4012:
4008:
4001:
3987:
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3947:
3925:
3921:
3914:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3862:
3858:
3850:Hayrullah Gök,
3849:
3845:
3837:Hayrullah Gök,
3836:
3832:
3823:
3804:
3798:
3781:
3780:
3773:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3741:
3737:
3728:
3724:
3715:
3711:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3677:Wayback Machine
3667:
3660:
3651:
3647:
3639:Hayrullah Gök,
3638:
3634:
3626:Hayrullah Gök,
3625:
3621:
3612:
3608:
3599:
3592:
3575:
3568:
3559:
3540:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3507:
3499:Hayrullah Gök,
3498:
3494:
3485:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3431:
3425:
3417:
3413:
3404:
3400:
3392:Hayrullah Gök,
3391:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3343:Wayback Machine
3334:
3330:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3298:Hayrullah Gök,
3297:
3293:
3288:
3276:
3166:
3159:
3004:
2999:
2992:
2988:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2831:M. Şefik Çakmak
2688:
2681:
2522:
2515:
2501:
2498:
2486:
2483:
2327:
2310:
2298:
2291:
2113:
2094:(1782?–1897/98)
2093:
2091:
2084:
2000:
1979:
1893:
1842:
1830:
1810:Fourteen Points
1806:
1766:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1726:needs expansion
1711:
1676:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1621:needs expansion
1606:
1604:Great Offensive
1574:
1568:
1565:
1558:needs expansion
1543:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1507:needs expansion
1492:
1472:Communist Party
1464:Takvim-i Vakayi
1375:Kâzım Karabekir
1367:Cevat (Çobanlı)
1344:
1195:
1117:
1073:Western Rumelia
1044:Bigalı Atıf Bey
965:
963:Western Rumelia
862:
857:
846:Osman Bölükbaşı
768:First World War
754:throughout the
708:and became the
698:Minister of War
670:
666:
662:
658:
656:First World War
654:
650:
646:
571:
569:
568:
566:Army of the GNA
560:
558:
557:
548:
546:
529:
527:
526:
517:
515:
514:
504:
502:
488:
461:
457:
454:
450:
443:
437:Political party
418:
414:
394:
393:12 January 1876
388:
386:
362:
350:
342:
334:
328:
323:
304:
296:
290:
285:
275:Minister of War
262:
250:
244:
236:
230:
225:
205:
193:
185:
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168:
153:
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133:
121:
115:
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90:
78:
72:
67:
50:
38:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5738:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
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5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
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5597:
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5565:
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5555:
5554:
5552:
5551:
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5536:
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5516:
5511:
5506:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5395:
5390:
5388:Adnan Menderes
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5332:
5330:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5293:
5291:
5277:
5276:
5262:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5239:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5158:Oltan Sungurlu
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5119:
5114:
5112:Ercan Vuralhan
5109:
5107:Zeki Yavuztürk
5104:
5099:
5094:
5092:Neşet Akmandor
5089:
5084:
5082:Turhan Kapanlı
5079:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5009:Hüseyin Ataman
5006:
5001:
4996:
4994:Ethem Menderes
4991:
4986:
4983:Adnan Menderes
4980:
4974:
4972:Ethem Menderes
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4872:
4869:
4868:
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4805:
4801:
4798:
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4790:
4788:
4786:
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4774:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4713:Necip Torumtay
4710:
4705:
4703:Nurettin Ersin
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4663:Rüştü Erdelhun
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4592:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4552:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4518:
4513:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4500:
4495:Ottoman Empire
4487:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4469:
4459:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4442:
4439:
4429:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4404:
4395:Prime Minister
4391:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4373:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4345:
4340:Ottoman Empire
4335:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4316:
4311:
4306:Ottoman Empire
4301:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4271:
4258:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4222:
4221:External links
4219:
4218:
4217:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4188:
4178:
4165:
4157:Ziya Tütüncü,
4155:
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4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
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4121:
4110:
4099:
4079:
4066:
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3645:
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3606:
3590:
3566:
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3492:
3464:
3429:
3411:
3398:
3382:
3373:
3359:
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3328:
3315:
3290:
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3287:
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2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:Hüseyin Kaptan
2088:
2086:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1915:Harp Madalyası
1912:
1906:
1900:
1892:
1889:
1841:
1838:
1829:
1826:
1814:Woodrow Wilson
1805:
1804:Views on Kurds
1802:
1765:
1762:
1744:
1743:
1723:
1721:
1710:
1707:
1675:
1674:Republican era
1672:
1639:
1638:
1618:
1616:
1605:
1602:
1576:
1575:
1555:
1553:
1542:
1539:
1525:
1524:
1504:
1502:
1491:
1488:
1371:Fevzi (Çakmak)
1343:
1340:
1332:Ali Rıza Pasha
1324:Heyet-i Nasîha
1194:
1191:
1116:
1113:
1077:Ali Rıza Pasha
964:
961:
953:Mülâzım-ı Sani
874:Ottoman Empire
861:
858:
856:
853:
838:Democrat Party
762:. He became a
702:Ottoman Empire
679:
678:
675:
674:
641:
637:
636:
607:
603:
602:
592:
588:
587:
584:
580:
579:
544:
543:Branch/service
540:
539:
511:Ottoman Empire
500:
496:
495:
491:
490:
489:Müşir, Mareşal
487:Kavaklı Fevzi,
485:
481:
480:
473:
469:
468:
464:Ottoman Empire
452:Democrat Party
438:
434:
433:
428:
424:
423:
417:(aged 74)
411:
407:
406:
404:Ottoman Empire
384:
380:
379:
375:
374:
371:
370:
365:
359:
358:
353:
347:
346:
337:
335:Prime Minister
331:
330:
320:
319:
317:Ottoman Empire
309:
308:
302:Ali Rıza Pasha
299:
297:Prime Minister
293:
292:
282:
281:
279:Ottoman Empire
271:
270:
265:
259:
258:
253:
247:
246:
239:
237:Prime Minister
233:
232:
222:
221:
214:
213:
208:
202:
201:
196:
190:
189:
180:
176:
175:
165:
164:
157:
156:
148:
142:
141:
136:
130:
129:
124:
122:Prime Minister
118:
117:
107:
106:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
81:
75:
74:
64:
63:
56:
55:
52:
51:
49:Çakmak in 1946
48:
40:
39:
36:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5737:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5561:
5556:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5529:Bülent Ecevit
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5460:Bülent Ecevit
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5450:Bülent Ecevit
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5435:Bülent Ecevit
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5399:Fahri Özdilek
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5323:
5319:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5284:
5278:
5274:
5269:
5260:
5255:
5253:
5248:
5246:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5224:
5219:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5148:Mehmet Gölhan
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5059:İlhami Sancar
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5049:İlhami Sancar
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5019:İlhami Sancar
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4962:Seyfi Kurtbek
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4921:Saffet Arıkan
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4906:Zekai Apaydın
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4848:
4843:
4841:
4836:
4834:
4829:
4828:
4825:
4813:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4683:Memduh Tağmaç
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4633:Salih Omurtak
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4599:
4590:
4585:
4583:
4578:
4576:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4558:
4549:
4548:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4528:
4527:
4523:
4516:
4515:İsmet (İnönü)
4510:
4506:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4485:
4479:
4475:
4466:
4465:
4457:
4451:
4445:
4436:
4435:
4425:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4389:
4383:
4379:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4342:
4341:
4334:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4315:
4308:
4307:
4299:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4266:
4262:
4259:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4205:
4193:
4190:Rahmi Akbaş,
4189:
4183:
4180:Veli Yılmaz,
4179:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4119:
4114:
4108:
4103:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4076:
4070:
4060:
4054:
4044:
4043:
4036:
4030:
4025:
4024:975-08-0882-7
4021:
4015:
4010:
4002:
3996:
3992:
3985:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3948:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3932:
3923:
3915:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3896:
3887:
3884:
3878:
3869:
3866:
3860:
3853:
3847:
3840:
3834:
3827:
3824:Genelkurmay,
3821:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3797:
3791:
3785:
3769:
3763:
3753:
3752:975-16-1372-8
3749:
3745:
3739:
3732:
3726:
3719:
3713:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3665:
3663:
3655:
3649:
3642:
3636:
3629:
3623:
3616:
3610:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3587:
3586:0-275-97888-5
3583:
3579:
3573:
3571:
3563:
3560:Genelkurmay,
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3515:
3509:
3502:
3496:
3489:
3486:Genelkurmay,
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3424:
3421:
3415:
3408:
3402:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3377:
3369:
3363:
3354:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3332:
3325:
3319:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3291:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3268:
3198:
3196:
3130:
3127:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3002:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2953:
2951:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2852:Burhan Toprak
2807:
2804:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2750:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2680:
2646:
2643:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2609:
2593:
2591:
2548:
2546:
2506:
2504:
2491:
2489:
2462:
2459:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2397:
2385:
2383:
2371:
2369:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2311:(1855/6-1914)
2286:
2283:
2275:
2273:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2253:
2251:
2243:
2241:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2211:
2203:
2201:
2193:
2191:
2181:
2173:
2171:
2155:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2075:
2073:
2003:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1940:İmtiyaz Medal
1938:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1897:Imtiyaz Medal
1895:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1862:Eyüp Cemetery
1859:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1834:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1740:
1731:
1727:
1724:This section
1722:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1702:
1696:
1695:İsmet (İnönü)
1692:
1688:
1687:left to right
1684:
1683:Mustafa Kemal
1680:
1671:
1669:
1668:Field Marshal
1665:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1645:Mustafa Kemal
1635:
1626:
1622:
1619:This section
1617:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1572:
1563:
1559:
1556:This section
1554:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1521:
1512:
1508:
1505:This section
1503:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1487:
1485:
1484:Birinci Ferik
1481:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1430:
1429:Sabit (Noyan)
1426:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1414:Asım (Gündüz)
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:Kazım (İnanç)
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1348:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1165:Fevzi wrote:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1038:), an ethnic
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
991:. He studied
990:
986:
982:
974:
969:
960:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
897:
895:
894:Rumeli Kavağı
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
852:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
814:Field Marshal
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:
689:
688:field marshal
685:
676:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
642:
638:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
608:
604:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
578:
567:
556:
545:
541:
537:
524:
512:
501:
497:
492:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
460:
453:
447:
442:
439:
435:
432:
431:Eyüp Cemetery
429:
427:Resting place
425:
421:
413:10 April 1950
412:
408:
405:
401:
397:
385:
381:
376:
372:
369:
366:
360:
357:
354:
348:
345:
341:
338:
332:
326:
321:
318:
314:
310:
307:
303:
300:
294:
288:
283:
280:
276:
272:
269:
266:
260:
257:
254:
248:
243:
240:
234:
228:
223:
220:
215:
212:
209:
203:
200:
197:
191:
188:
184:
181:
177:
171:
166:
163:
158:
152:
149:
143:
140:
137:
131:
128:
125:
119:
113:
108:
105:
100:
97:
94:
88:
85:
82:
76:
70:
65:
62:
57:
53:
46:
41:
34:
29:
26:
22:
5559:
5534:Abdullah Gül
5524:Mesut Yılmaz
5514:Mesut Yılmaz
5509:Tansu Çiller
5501:
5492:Mesut Yılmaz
5479:
5470:Bülent Ulusu
5397:
5393:Cemal Gürsel
5360:
5356:Refik Saydam
5302:Fevzi Çakmak
5301:
5188:İsmet Yılmaz
5168:İsmet Sezgin
5163:Turhan Tayan
5133:Mehmet Yazar
5044:Mehmet İzmen
5024:Hasan Dinçer
4999:Cemal Gürsel
4967:Kenan Yılmaz
4936:Münir Birsel
4876:Fevzi Çakmak
4875:
4807:
4777:Musa Avsever
4762:
4748:Işık Koşaner
4743:İlker Başbuğ
4693:Semih Sancar
4688:Faruk Gürler
4673:Cevdet Sunay
4658:Feyzi Mengüç
4638:Nafiz Gürman
4623:Fevzi Çakmak
4622:
4545:
4540:
4533:
4520:
4489:
4464:Seventh Army
4461:
4431:
4409:Rauf (Orbay)
4393:
4378:Refet (Bele)
4362:
4357:
4337:
4332:
4326:
4319:
4313:
4303:
4269:(in Turkish)
4264:
4256:(in Turkish)
4251:
4230:(in Turkish)
4215:(in Turkish)
4208:
4196:(in Turkish)
4191:
4186:(in Turkish)
4182:Fevzi Çakmak
4181:
4176:(in Turkish)
4171:
4163:(in Turkish)
4158:
4153:(in Turkish)
4148:
4147:Sinan Omur,
4143:(in Turkish)
4138:
4113:
4102:
4090:
4082:
4074:
4069:
4063:(in Turkish)
4058:
4053:
4047:(in Turkish)
4040:
4035:
4028:(in Turkish)
4017:
4009:
3990:
3984:
3972:. Retrieved
3968:
3955:
3930:
3922:
3902:
3895:
3889:(in Turkish)
3882:
3877:
3871:(in Turkish)
3864:
3859:
3851:
3846:
3838:
3833:
3825:
3799:(in Turkish)
3772:. Retrieved
3762:
3756:(in Turkish)
3743:
3738:
3730:
3725:
3717:
3712:
3696:
3691:
3685:(in Turkish)
3680:
3653:
3648:
3640:
3635:
3627:
3622:
3614:
3609:
3601:
3577:
3561:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3518:(in Turkish)
3514:Millî Kültür
3513:
3508:
3500:
3495:
3487:
3461:(in Turkish)
3456:
3426:(in Turkish)
3419:
3414:
3406:
3401:
3393:
3376:
3362:
3353:
3347:(in Turkish)
3336:Fevzi Çakmak
3331:
3323:
3318:
3312:(in Turkish)
3299:
3294:
2838:Nigar Çakmak
2687:Fatma Fitnat
2678:
2502:
2487:
2482:Mehmed Nazif
1990:
1983:
1931:Liakat Medal
1870:
1851:
1835:
1831:
1807:
1767:
1759:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1737:October 2010
1734:
1730:adding to it
1725:
1686:
1663:
1657:
1642:
1632:October 2010
1629:
1625:adding to it
1620:
1599:
1597:
1586:
1579:
1569:October 2010
1566:
1562:adding to it
1557:
1528:
1518:October 2010
1515:
1511:adding to it
1506:
1479:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1381:; 2nd line：
1370:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1304:Üçler Misâkı
1303:
1293:
1286:
1282:
1258:Seventh Army
1255:
1239:
1222:
1204:
1184:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1141:
1118:
1069:Western Army
1058:
1051:
1048:
1025:
1016:
1008:
978:
957:
952:
932:
908:
898:
889:
863:
850:
842:Nation Party
795:
776:Grand Vizier
734:
691:
683:
682:
640:Battles/wars
610:2nd Division
577:Turkish Army
555:Ottoman Army
441:Nation Party
415:(1950-04-10)
368:Djevad Pasha
363:Succeeded by
356:Djevad Pasha
324:
286:
263:Succeeded by
255:
226:
206:Succeeded by
169:
151:Mümtaz Ökmen
146:Succeeded by
138:
111:
91:Succeeded by
68:
37:Fevzi Çakmak
25:
5585:1950 deaths
5580:1876 births
5503:Erdal İnönü
5475:Turgut Özal
5425:Ferit Melen
5405:İsmet İnönü
5373:Recep Peker
5351:Celâl Bayar
5346:İsmet İnönü
5341:Fethi Okyar
5336:İsmet İnönü
5327:(1923–2018)
5312:Fethi Okyar
5288:(1920–1923)
5208:Yaşar Güler
5203:Hulusi Akar
5183:Vecdi Gönül
5143:Nevzat Ayaz
5138:Barlas Doğu
5128:Hüsnü Doğan
5122:Güneş Taner
5064:Ferit Melen
5039:Ferit Melen
4911:Kâzım Özalp
4896:Recep Peker
4891:Fethi Okyar
4886:Kâzım Özalp
4783:Metin Gürak
4772:Yaşar Güler
4764:Ümit Dündar
4758:Hulusi Akar
4753:Necdet Özel
4733:Hilmi Özkök
4718:Doğan Güreş
4708:Necdet Üruğ
4698:Kenan Evren
4678:Cemal Tural
4628:Kâzım Orbay
4618:İsmet İnönü
4557:Kâzım Orbay
4434:Second Army
4350:Damat Ferid
3668:Kemal Arı,
3158:Erika Leila
2854:(1906–1967)
2847:(1911–1939)
2840:(1909–1982)
2833:(1892–1966)
2689:(1891–1969)
2682:("Mareşal")
2523:(1894–1986)
2516:(1892–1909)
2328:(1866–1901)
2321:Ayşe Şahver
2299:(1870–1945)
2292:(1858–1927)
2290:Hasan Vasfi
2114:(1815–1898)
1998:Family tree
1868:in Ankara.
1818:World War I
1798:Martial Law
1580:Before the
1336:Salih Pasha
1328:Askerî Şûra
1308:Şakir Pasha
1300:Cevat Pasha
1247:Second Army
1193:World War I
1121:Vardar Army
1115:Balkan Wars
1063:), because
981:Şemsi Pasha
822:İsmet İnönü
774:in 1919 by
652:Balkan Wars
538:(1920–1944)
525:(1920–1923)
513:(1896–1920)
484:Nickname(s)
351:Preceded by
251:Preceded by
211:Kâzım Orbay
199:İsmet İnönü
194:Preceded by
187:İsmet İnönü
134:Preceded by
79:Preceded by
5574:Categories
5440:Sadi Irmak
5420:Nihat Erim
5378:Hasan Saka
5307:Rauf Orbay
5193:Fikri Işık
5153:Vefa Tanır
5117:Safa Giray
4941:Hasan Saka
4881:Refet Bele
4643:Nuri Yamut
4541:New office
4427:(as proxy)
4059:Cumhuriyet
4042:Cumhuriyet
3974:31 January
3774:23 October
3754:, p. 105.
3729:Erickson,
3716:Erickson,
3613:Erickson,
3602:Günlükleri
3407:Günlükleri
3324:Günlükleri
3286:References
3003:チャクマク・長藤紀子
2845:A. Muazzez
2297:Hacı Rasim
1924:Iron Cross
1431:, Miralay
1427:, Miralay
1423:, Mirliva
1408:, Mirliva
1404:, Mirliva
1400:, Mirliva
1396:, Mirliva
1392:, Mirliva
1388:, Mirliva
1251:Diyarbekir
1087:and three
989:Third Army
844:headed by
499:Allegiance
448:, 1948–50)
389:1876-01-12
268:Refet Bele
96:Rauf Orbay
5481:Ali Bozer
5430:Naim Talu
4358:New title
4168:Ali Gümüş
4026:, p. 717.
3733:, p. 143.
3720:, p. 120.
3707:, p. 115.
3617:, p. 194.
3588:, p. 183.
3165:Lisa Ayla
2333:Emine Eda
2309:Ali Sırrı
1854:Teşvikiye
1535:İsmet Bey
1312:Mehmed VI
1274:Beersheba
1231:commander
1227:Sari Bair
1219:Achi Baba
1171:Karadeniz
1156:Karadeniz
997:Bulgarian
987:) of the
985:Mitrovica
973:Mitrovica
855:Biography
836:from the
614:5th Corps
586:1896–1944
472:Signature
420:Teşvikiye
325:In office
287:In office
227:In office
179:President
170:In office
112:In office
69:In office
4804:* Acting
4333:Himself
4320:Himself
4202:Articles
3854:, p. 44.
3841:, p. 45.
3828:, p. 55.
3784:cite web
3681:Belleten
3673:Archived
3643:, p. 15.
3630:, p. 14.
3564:, p. 54.
3490:, p. 53.
3339:Archived
3274:See also
2326:Ali Nuri
2085:(?–1915)
1881:Albanian
1822:Erzincan
1440:Anatolia
1377:, Ferik
1373:, Ferik
1369:, Müşir
1365:, Ferik
1179:Gülcemal
1175:Gülcemal
1160:Gülcemal
1097:Monastir
1093:Salonica
1054:Pljevlja
1040:Albanian
1017:Kaymakam
1005:Kolağası
1001:Albanian
870:Istanbul
866:Cihangir
834:Istanbul
746:and the
626:7th Army
622:2nd Army
606:Commands
400:Istanbul
396:Cihangir
5560:Italics
4808:Italics
4605:of the
4524:of the
4493:of the
4397:of the
4366:of the
4280:of the
4276:in the
4252:Aksiyon
3503:, p. 9.
3396:, p. 3.
3167:(1978–)
3160:(1972–)
3005:(1949–)
2993:(1934–)
2521:Nebahat
2503:†
2488:†
1885:Bosnian
1873:Persian
1858:Beyazıt
1786:Turkish
1774:Turkish
1664:Mareşal
1653:Mareşal
1418:Miralay
1383:Mirliva
1260:at the
1215:Mirliva
1207:V Corps
1109:Gjakova
1105:Sadaret
1089:vilayet
1085:Albania
1061:Shkodër
1021:Miralay
1009:Binbaşı
993:Serbian
925:Baghdad
917:Persian
901:Sarıyer
878:Turkish
828:as the
818:Mareşal
752:V Corps
740:Captain
700:of the
693:Mareşal
600:Mareşal
315:of the
277:of the
245:Himself
33:Mareşal
4865:Turkey
4603:Chiefs
4327:Vacant
4314:Vacant
4022:
3997:
3943:
3910:
3750:
3703:
3584:
3306:
2497:Muhtar
2304:Tevfik
2119:Fitnat
2083:Kamile
1883:, and
1877:Arabic
1593:Ankara
1533:under
1444:Ankara
1266:Aleppo
1225:) and
1137:Bitola
1101:Kosova
913:Arabic
882:Çakmak
783:Ankara
552:
536:Turkey
533:
508:
154:(1946)
4265:Vatan
4132:Books
2702:Münir
2316:Hesna
2099:Üzile
1977:Works
1929:Gold
1840:Death
1456:Kozan
1360:Ferik
1289:Ferik
1152:Seman
1036:Resen
921:Egypt
892:) at
791:Kozan
785:as a
764:Pasha
737:Staff
4020:ISBN
3995:ISBN
3976:2021
3941:ISBN
3908:ISBN
3790:link
3776:2010
3748:ISBN
3701:ISBN
3582:ISBN
3304:ISBN
2514:Sami
1824:.
1158:and
923:and
915:and
789:for
591:Rank
410:Died
383:Born
217:1st
160:2nd
102:1st
59:2nd
4863:of
4282:ZBW
2984:of
1732:.
1627:.
1564:.
1513:.
1249:at
955:).
5576::
4263:,
4250:,
4170:,
4089:,
3967:.
3939:.
3937:53
3805:^
3794:,
3786:}}
3782:{{
3661:^
3593:^
3569:^
3541:^
3467:^
3432:^
3385:^
3001:Ja
1879:,
1875:,
1788::
1776::
1757:.
1595:.
1486:.
1458:.
1416:,
1298:,
1253:.
1237:.
1099:,
1095:,
1046:.
1023:.
999:,
995:,
947:.
872:,
848:.
793:.
732:.
712:,
632:,
628:,
624:,
620:,
616:,
612:,
402:,
398:,
5258:e
5251:t
5244:v
5124:*
4985:*
4979:*
4943:*
4846:e
4839:t
4832:v
4779:*
4588:e
4581:t
4574:v
4097:.
4003:.
3978:.
3949:.
3916:.
3792:)
3778:.
3370:.
2507:)
2492:)
1784:(
1739:)
1735:(
1666:(
1634:)
1630:(
1571:)
1567:(
1520:)
1516:(
1318:(
1221:(
1091:(
1015:(
975:)
951:(
931:(
907:(
868:(
816:(
690:(
466:)
462:(
444:(
391:)
387:(
23:.
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