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2235:, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation. It was implemented in April 1971 which enabled Egypt, Syria and Sudan to get large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unofficial charter of merger, but it was never implemented as relations broke down the following year. Sadat became increasingly wary of Libya's radical direction, and the September 1973 deadline for implementing the Federation passed by with no action taken. In October 1973 Egypt and Syria, without consulting Libya, launched a coordinated attack on Israel, initiating the
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to Egypt in exchange for a guarantee to not engage in further attacks on the country. Gaddafi was angered by the war's limited objectives and the ceasefire, and accused Sadat of cowardice, undermining the FAR, and betraying the Arab cause. Sadat responded by revealing he had intervened earlier that
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2248:. Thereafter Egyptian–Libyan relations were marked by frequent accusations against each country's leaders, and further discussions regarding the pursuit of unity were abandoned.
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2228:. In December 1969, Libya founded the Arab Revolutionary Front with Egypt and Sudan as a step towards political unification, and in 1970 Syria stated its intention to join.
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on 1 September 1971, the three countries disagreed on the specific terms of the merger. The federation lasted from 1 January 1972 to 19 November 1977.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Three simultaneous referendums on the
Federation of Arab Republics were held on 1 September 1971, in Egypt, Libya and Syria. In the
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing German
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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3045:. Area Handbook Series (fourth ed.). Washington D. C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
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This article is about the union of Egypt, Syria, and Libya. For the 1958-1961 union of Egypt and Syria, see
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year to prevent Libya from sinking a civilian passenger ship carrying Jewish tourists in the
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Unsuccessful attempt of establishing a state consisting of Egypt, Libya and Syria
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2890:"Syria, September 1, 1971 : Formation of the Federation of Arab Republics"
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2239:. Sadat agreed to open negotiations with Israel, seeking the return of the
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Vandewalle, Dirk (2008), "Libya's
Revolution in Perspective: 1969–2000",
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Nohlen, Dieter; Krennerich, Michael; Thibaut, Bernhard (22 July 1999).
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
143:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Egyptian coat of arms used until 1984, 7 years after the dissolution
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Syrian coat of arms used until 1980, 3 years after the dissolution
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Union between Egypt and Libya within the
Federation (1972–1973/74)
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Union between Egypt and Syria within the
Federation (1976–1977)
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2598:, Iraqi counter-proposal to the Federation of Arab Republics
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Egyptian flag used until 1984, 7 years after the dissolution
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FAR 1977, Sudan intends to join the Egypt-Syrian
Federation
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Syrian flag used until 1980, 3 years after the dissolution
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is invited to join the
Egyptian-Libyan-Syrian Federation
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intends to join the
Egyptian-Libyan-Sudanese Federation
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After Nasser's death in
September 1970, his successor,
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and Syria intend to form a Union within the Federation
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is said to join later but keeps outside the Federation
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Federation of Egypt, Libya and Syria (1971/72–1974/77)
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the proposal was approved by 99.96% of voters, in the
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Seeking Gaddafi: Libya, the West and the Arab Spring
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by the Arab nationalist governments in Egypt, Iraq,
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a machine-translated version of the Russian article.
114:
3064:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
2355:
Federation comprising Egypt, Sudan and Syria (1977)
2343:
Federation of Egypt, Libya and Sudan (1969/70–1971)
110:
a machine-translated version of the German article.
3708:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
2821:
151:{{Translated|de|Föderation Arabischer Republiken}}
2797:
2628:, a union of seven Arab states (1971–present day)
3964:
3020:Libya Since 1969: Qadhafi's Revolution Revisited
2978:Libya: Qadhafi's Revolution and the Modern State
3061:Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991
2894:Database and Search Engine for Direct Democracy
23:. For the 1974 union of Tunisia and Libya, see
2264:it was approved by 98.6% of voters, whilst in
255:{{Translated|ru|Федерация Арабских Республик}}
243:accompanying your translation by providing an
205:Click for important translation instructions.
192:expand this article with text translated from
139:accompanying your translation by providing an
101:Click for important translation instructions.
88:expand this article with text translated from
4058:States and territories disestablished in 1977
3738:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
3185:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
3114:
2960:. Boston and Toronto: Little Brown & Co.
2096:
583:2,895,128 km (1,117,815 sq mi)
2946:
2747:
2731:
2715:
2212:and Syria with Egypt sending experts to aid
306:
2455:
2310:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2138:
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4063:States and territories established in 1972
3121:
3107:
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2771:
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2719:
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2422:fail to form a Union within the Federation
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440:
2330:Learn how and when to remove this message
446:The Federation of Arab Republics in 1972.
285:Learn how and when to remove this message
3818:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic
3748:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
3713:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
3078:
2791:
2775:
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3693:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
3678:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
3057:
2839:
2815:
3965:
3688:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
3081:Libya : from colony to revolution
2974:
2887:
2767:
3102:
3022:, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 9–53,
2981:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
2876:Nohlen, Krennerich & Thibaut 1999
2864:Nohlen, Krennerich & Thibaut 1999
2688:Nohlen, Krennerich & Thibaut 1999
1502:Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)
3128:
3035:
2926:Elections in Africa: a data handbook
2851:
2827:
2803:
2308:adding citations to reliable sources
2275:
1526:Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA)
174:
70:
29:
3728:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
2529:Libyan coat of arms used until 1977
2272:Other Federations of Arab Republics
2128:
307:
13:
3668:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)
3190:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
2134:Ittiḥād al-Jumhūrīyāt al-'Arabīyah
324:Ittiḥād al-Jumhūrīyāt al-'Arabīyah
14:
4124:
3733:Palestine Liberation Organization
3058:Pollack, Kenneth Michael (2004).
2957:Qaddafi and the Libyan Revolution
2900:from the original on 4 March 2024
2153:) was an unsuccessful attempt by
1712:Arab International Media Services
45:This article has multiple issues.
4093:1977 disestablishments in Africa
3947:
3946:
3673:Arabian Peninsula People's Union
3356:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
2618:, a proposed union of Libya and
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1647:Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Crossing
1559:Qualifying Industrial Zone (QIZ)
715:
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34:
4113:1977 disestablishments in Syria
4108:1977 disestablishments in Libya
4103:1977 disestablishments in Egypt
3316:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
3079:St. John, Ronald Bruce (2012).
2888:Müller, Beat (8 October 2018).
2881:
1551:Federation of Arab Trade Unions
53:or discuss these issues on the
4098:1977 disestablishments in Asia
3758:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
3520:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
2975:Harris, Lillian Craig (1986).
2648:, a confederation between the
2251:
1542:International Confederation of
550:• Federation established
253:You may also add the template
149:You may also add the template
1:
4073:1972 establishments in Africa
3083:. Oxford, England: Oneworld.
2666:
1265:Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)
4088:1972 establishments in Syria
4083:1972 establishments in Libya
4078:1972 establishments in Egypt
3973:Federation of Arab Republics
3703:Federation of Arab Republics
3663:Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
3653:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
3254:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
3202:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
2671:
2117:Federation of Arab Republics
1553:and Labor Societies (FATULS)
1219:Federation of Arab Republics
885:Middle East and North Africa
303:Federation of Arab Republics
7:
4068:1972 establishments in Asia
3828:Flag of the Arab Federation
3658:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)
3648:Arab Socialist Action Party
2589:
2486:Libyan flag used until 1977
2133:
1521:Union for the Mediterranean
1497:Economic and Social Council
1263:Cooperation Council for the
1199:Attempts at political union
831:Weapons of mass destruction
409:"Guardians of the Homeland"
323:
10:
4129:
3799:On the Way of Resurrection
3792:The Battle for One Destiny
3723:Lebanese National Movement
3164:Third International Theory
2916:
2604:, a confederation between
2180:
2175:referendum in each country
1707:Arabian Television Network
1515:Social Development (AFESD)
1513:Arab Fund for Economic and
1138:Third International Theory
217:Machine translation, like
113:Machine translation, like
18:
4013:Arab nationalism in Syria
4008:Arab nationalism in Sudan
4003:Arab nationalism in Libya
3998:Arab nationalism in Egypt
3942:
3851:
3808:
3776:
3753:Unified Political Command
3643:Arab Nationalist Movement
3588:
3540:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
3400:
3369:
3336:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
3207:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
3172:
3136:
2660:Unified Political Command
2173:. Although approved by a
1544:Arab Trade Unions (ICATU)
1224:Unified Political Command
731:
613:
587:
577:
572:
568:
558:
548:
538:
534:
524:
519:Federal National Assembly
514:
500:
490:
451:
439:
408:
384:"Oh For Ages! My Weapon!"
383:
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194:the corresponding article
90:the corresponding article
3261:1952 Egyptian revolution
2748:Blundy & Lycett 1987
2732:Blundy & Lycett 1987
2716:Blundy & Lycett 1987
2460:
2456:Symbols of member states
2129:إتحاد الجمهوريات العربية
540:• Referendums held
308:إتحاد الجمهوريات العربية
3914:Palestinian nationalism
3833:Flag of the Arab Revolt
3326:1966 Syrian coup d'état
3306:1963 Syrian coup d'état
3286:1961 Syrian coup d'état
2930:Oxford University Press
2596:Union of Arab Republics
2546:
2268:96.4% voted in favour.
2148:Union of Arab Republics
1732:Arab Capital of Culture
1472:Industrialization (AOI)
1229:Union of Arab Republics
812:Western Sahara conflict
762:Part of a series on the
264:For more guidance, see
160:For more guidance, see
3341:1969 Libyan revolution
3219:1941 Iraqi coup d'état
3042:Libya: A Country Study
1637:Qatar–Bahrain Causeway
1165:Anti-Iranian sentiment
697:Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
683:Arab Republic of Egypt
642:Arab Republic of Egypt
560:• Disestablished
4048:Libya–Sudan relations
4043:Libya–Syria relations
4038:Former confederations
4028:Egypt–Syria relations
4023:Egypt–Libya relations
3899:Jordanian nationalism
3633:Arab Islamic Republic
3628:Arab Higher Committee
3505:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
3485:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
3296:North Yemen civil war
3229:Arab–Israeli conflict
2616:Arab Islamic Republic
2216:. Gaddafi propounded
2195:ideological influence
2191:seized power in Libya
2169:in order to create a
1824:Arab Champions League
1470:Arab Organization for
1454:Joint Defence Council
1253:Organizational unions
1214:Arab Islamic Republic
817:Arab–Israeli conflict
491:Common languages
378:Walla Zaman Ya Selahy
266:Knowledge:Translation
237:copyright attribution
162:Knowledge:Translation
133:copyright attribution
25:Arab Islamic Republic
3934:Tunisian nationalism
3904:Lebanese nationalism
3864:Egyptian nationalism
3859:Algerian nationalism
3763:United Arab Republic
3638:Arab Liberation Army
3618:Arab Ba'ath Movement
3475:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
2650:United Arab Republic
2632:United Arab Republic
2626:United Arab Emirates
2418:FAR 1973, Egypt and
2304:improve this section
1652:Saudi–Egypt Causeway
1531:Chambers of Commerce
1239:United Arab Republic
994:Human Rights Charter
711:Syrian Arab Republic
670:Syrian Arab Republic
656:Libyan Arab Republic
21:United Arab Republic
3924:Sahrawi nationalism
3281:1959 Mosul uprising
3214:Great Syrian Revolt
2818:, pp. 131–132.
2778:, pp. 151–152.
2258:Egyptian referendum
1657:Bridge of the Horns
1459:United Arab Command
1234:United Arab Kingdom
4033:Former Arab states
3929:Syrian nationalism
3909:Libyan nationalism
3869:Greater Mauritania
3785:The Arab Awakening
3768:United Arab States
3743:Rejectionist Front
3550:Gamal Abdel Nasser
3361:Yemeni unification
3351:Lebanese Civil War
3331:17 July Revolution
3301:Ramadan Revolution
3276:14 July Revolution
3037:Metz, Helen Chapin
2997:Kawczynski, Daniel
2734:, pp. 62–63;
2646:United Arab States
2634:, a union between
2202:Gamal Abdel Nasser
2199:Egyptian President
2189:military officers
2171:unified Arab state
1642:King Fahd Causeway
1536:Arab Customs Union
1507:Arab Monetary Fund
1271:Arab Maghreb Union
1244:United Arab States
245:interlanguage link
141:interlanguage link
3960:
3959:
3889:Iraqi nationalism
3580:Constantin Zureiq
3430:Abdul Rahman Arif
3410:Butrus al-Bustani
3090:978-1-85168-919-4
3071:978-0-8032-0686-1
3029:978-0-230-33750-3
3010:978-1-84954-148-0
2967:978-0-316-10042-7
2939:978-0-19-829645-4
2854:, pp. 52–53.
2584:Location of Syria
2572:Location of Libya
2560:Location of Egypt
2340:
2339:
2332:
2262:Libyan referendum
2246:Mediterranean Sea
2113:
2112:
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2077:
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1847:
1664:
1663:
1480:
1479:
1410:
1409:
1288:Foreign relations
1278:
1277:
1048:
1047:
1006:Ahmed Aboul Gheit
1000:Secretary General
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3823:Eagle of Saladin
3530:Amin al-Husseini
3495:Faisal I of Iraq
3465:Sultan al-Atrash
3460:Mansur al-Atrash
3435:Abdul Salam Arif
3244:War of Attrition
3130:Arab nationalism
3123:
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2785:
2779:
2765:
2759:
2745:
2739:
2729:
2723:
2713:
2707:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2654:Kingdom of Yemen
2581:
2569:
2557:
2538:
2526:
2514:
2495:
2483:
2471:
2447:
2431:
2415:
2397:
2381:
2365:
2335:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2315:
2284:
2276:
2187:Arab nationalist
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2105:
2098:
2091:
1863:
1862:
1836:Arabian Gulf Cup
1829:Cup Winners' Cup
1793:
1747:Jerusalem (2008)
1702:Arab Media Group
1679:
1678:
1575:
1574:
1464:Peninsula Shield
1425:
1424:
1293:
1292:
1109:Arab nationalism
1063:
1062:
1009:
989:Founding Charter
983:
982:
879:
878:
807:Somali Civil War
800:Syrian Civil War
789:
788:
785:Political Issues
778:
759:
758:
719:
718:
705:
704:
691:
690:
679:
678:
666:
665:
652:
651:
638:
637:
631:
630:
615:
614:
564:19 November 1977
544:1 September 1971
480:
469:
458:
444:
434:
433:
410:
385:
360:
346:
328:
327:
326:
318:
310:
309:
299:
298:
290:
283:
256:
250:
223:Google Translate
204:
201:(September 2012)
200:
183:
182:
175:
152:
146:
119:Google Translate
100:
96:
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4117:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3938:
3874:Greater Morocco
3847:
3843:Pan-Arab colors
3838:Hawk of Quraish
3804:
3772:
3623:Arab Federation
3584:
3570:Abdullah Rimawi
3545:Mostéfa Merarda
3500:Muammar Gaddafi
3480:Ahmed Ben Bella
3455:Jamal al-Atassi
3445:Bashar al-Assad
3396:
3365:
3346:Black September
3224:Anglo-Iraqi War
3168:
3132:
3127:
3097:
3091:
3072:
3030:
3011:
2989:
2968:
2940:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2886:
2882:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2850:
2846:
2838:
2834:
2826:
2822:
2814:
2810:
2802:
2798:
2788:Kawczynski 2011
2786:
2782:
2772:Kawczynski 2011
2766:
2762:
2752:Kawczynski 2011
2746:
2742:
2736:Kawczynski 2011
2730:
2726:
2720:Kawczynski 2011
2714:
2710:
2700:Vandewalle 2008
2698:
2694:
2686:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2602:Arab Federation
2592:
2585:
2582:
2573:
2570:
2561:
2558:
2549:
2542:
2539:
2530:
2527:
2518:
2515:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2487:
2484:
2475:
2472:
2463:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2439:
2432:
2423:
2416:
2405:
2398:
2389:
2382:
2373:
2366:
2336:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2301:
2285:
2274:
2254:
2241:Sinai Peninsula
2183:
2155:Muammar Gaddafi
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2109:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2006:
1966:
1914:
1860:
1850:
1849:
1832:
1826:
1801:
1786:
1769:Arabic language
1752:Damascus (2009)
1676:
1666:
1665:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1517:
1514:
1492:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1471:
1422:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1326:
1290:
1280:
1279:
1267:
1264:
1209:Arab Federation
1190:
1174:
1158:
1142:
1134:
1118:
1060:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1010:
1003:
1002:
980:
970:
969:
964:
934:
876:
866:
865:
860:
786:
753:
716:
702:
688:
663:
649:
635:
609:
580:
561:
551:
541:
476:
465:
447:
435:
421:
419:
412:
406:
400:
399:
398:
387:
381:
368:
367:
366:
361:
353:
352:
347:
329:
321:
320:
319:
312:
304:
291:
280:
279:
278:
273:
272:
271:
254:
248:
207:
184:
180:
169:
168:
167:
150:
144:
103:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4126:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4018:Arab republics
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3988:1970s in Syria
3985:
3983:1970s in Libya
3980:
3978:1970s in Egypt
3975:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3852:Related topics
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3814:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3718:Islamic Legion
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3608:Al-Mourabitoun
3605:
3600:
3594:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3575:Hamdeen Sabahi
3572:
3567:
3565:Fuad al-Rikabi
3562:
3557:
3555:Adnan Pachachi
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3525:Saddam Hussein
3522:
3517:
3515:Sati' al-Husri
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3450:Hafez al-Assad
3447:
3442:
3440:Zaki al-Arsuzi
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3321:Aden Emergency
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3266:Iraqi Intifada
3263:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3249:Yom Kippur War
3246:
3241:
3236:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3144:Arab socialism
3140:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3103:
3096:
3095:
3089:
3076:
3070:
3055:
3039:, ed. (1989).
3033:
3028:
3015:
3009:
2993:
2987:
2972:
2966:
2952:Lycett, Andrew
2944:
2938:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2880:
2878:, p. 528.
2868:
2866:, p. 340.
2856:
2844:
2842:, p. 132.
2832:
2820:
2808:
2796:
2794:, p. 182.
2790:, p. 66;
2780:
2774:, p. 65;
2770:, p. 87;
2760:
2758:, p. 186.
2754:, p. 65;
2750:, p. 75;
2740:
2724:
2718:, p. 60;
2708:
2706:, p. 137.
2692:
2690:, p. 336.
2676:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2657:
2643:
2629:
2623:
2613:
2599:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2442:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2288:
2286:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2253:
2250:
2218:Pan-Arab ideas
2182:
2179:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1822:
1820:
1818:Pan Arab Games
1812:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1742:Algiers (2007)
1736:
1735:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1686:
1685:
1677:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1599:Berlin–Baghdad
1593:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1573:
1571:Transportation
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1549:
1547:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1317:European Union
1314:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1125:Arab socialism
1121:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1086:Fattah el-Sisi
1083:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1011:
998:
996:
991:
981:
976:
975:
972:
971:
966:
965:
963:
962:
957:
952:
946:
943:
942:
936:
935:
933:
932:
925:
923:Eastern Arabia
920:
915:
908:
900:
897:
896:
890:
889:
888:
887:
877:
872:
871:
868:
867:
862:
861:
859:
858:
853:
848:
843:
837:
834:
833:
827:
826:
825:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
803:
802:
787:
784:
783:
780:
779:
771:
770:
764:
763:
755:
754:
752:
751:
746:
741:
735:
733:
729:
728:
725:
724:
721:
720:
713:
707:
706:
699:
693:
692:
685:
676:
673:
672:
667:
659:
658:
653:
645:
644:
639:
627:
626:
621:
611:
610:
608:
607:
602:
597:
595:Egyptian pound
591:
589:
585:
584:
581:
578:
575:
574:
570:
569:
566:
565:
562:
559:
556:
555:
554:1 January 1972
552:
549:
546:
545:
542:
539:
536:
535:
532:
531:
526:
525:Historical era
522:
521:
516:
512:
511:
502:
498:
497:
492:
488:
487:
453:
449:
448:
445:
437:
436:
413:
403:Humat ad-Diyar
388:
370:
369:
362:
355:
354:
348:
341:
340:
339:
336:
335:
331:
330:
305:
302:
293:
292:
275:
274:
270:
269:
262:
251:
229:
226:
215:
208:
189:
188:
187:
185:
178:
171:
170:
166:
165:
158:
147:
125:
122:
111:
104:
85:
84:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4125:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3953:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3884:Greater Yemen
3882:
3880:
3879:Greater Syria
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3590:Organizations
3587:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3510:George Habash
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3490:Izzat Darwaza
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3425:Yasser Arafat
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3402:Personalities
3399:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3377:Arab identity
3375:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3291:Arab Cold War
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3255:
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3247:
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3208:
3205:
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3200:
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3183:
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3175:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3092:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2988:0-8133-0075-4
2984:
2980:
2979:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2948:Blundy, David
2945:
2941:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2899:
2896:(in German).
2895:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2872:
2865:
2860:
2853:
2848:
2841:
2836:
2830:, p. 53.
2829:
2824:
2817:
2812:
2806:, p. 52.
2805:
2800:
2793:
2792:St. John 2012
2789:
2784:
2777:
2776:St. John 2012
2773:
2769:
2764:
2757:
2756:St. John 2012
2753:
2749:
2744:
2738:, p. 18.
2737:
2733:
2728:
2722:, p. 18.
2721:
2717:
2712:
2705:
2704:St. John 2012
2702:, p. 9;
2701:
2696:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2677:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2641:
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2617:
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2600:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2580:
2575:
2568:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2537:
2532:
2525:
2520:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2504:Coats of arms
2494:
2489:
2482:
2477:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2414:
2409:
2408:
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2396:
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2342:
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2323:
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2299:
2298:
2294:
2289:This section
2287:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2135:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2073:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1976:Arab diaspora
1972:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
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1877:
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1874:
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1870:
1869:
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1842:
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1516:
1510:
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1505:
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1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:Joint defence
1443:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:United States
1390:
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1383:
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1378:
1375:
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1337:
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1333:
1330:
1329:
1323:
1322:Latin America
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1307:African Union
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
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1284:
1283:
1272:
1269:
1266:
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1196:
1195:
1187:
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1179:
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1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1081:King Abdullah
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1007:
1001:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
986:
985:
984:
979:
974:
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961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
945:
944:
941:
938:
937:
931:
930:
929:Bab-el-Mandeb
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
913:
909:
907:
906:
902:
901:
899:
898:
895:
892:
891:
886:
883:
882:
881:
880:
875:
870:
869:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
836:
835:
832:
829:
828:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
801:
798:
797:
796:
793:
792:
791:
790:
782:
781:
777:
773:
772:
769:
766:
765:
761:
760:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
736:
734:
732:Today part of
730:
714:
712:
709:
708:
700:
698:
695:
694:
686:
684:
681:
680:
677:
671:
668:
661:
660:
657:
654:
647:
646:
643:
640:
633:
632:
629:
628:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
612:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
590:
586:
582:
576:
571:
567:
563:
557:
553:
547:
543:
537:
533:
530:
529:Arab Cold War
527:
523:
520:
517:
513:
510:
509:confederation
506:
503:
499:
496:
493:
489:
484:
479:
473:
468:
462:
457:
454:
450:
443:
438:
417:
405:
404:
396:
392:
379:
375:
371:
365:
359:
351:
345:
337:
332:
325:
316:
300:
297:
289:
286:
267:
263:
260:
252:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
227:
224:
220:
216:
213:
210:
209:
203:
197:
195:
190:You can help
186:
177:
176:
163:
159:
156:
148:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
112:
109:
106:
105:
99:
93:
91:
86:You can help
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
26:
22:
3919:Pan-Islamism
3797:
3790:
3783:
3702:
3683:Ba'ath Party
3560:Ameen Rihani
3420:Jassem Alwan
3415:Michel Aflaq
3271:Algerian War
3197:Iraqi Revolt
3080:
3060:
3041:
3019:
3003:. Biteback.
3000:
2977:
2956:
2928:. New York:
2925:
2902:. Retrieved
2893:
2883:
2871:
2859:
2847:
2840:Pollack 2004
2835:
2823:
2816:Pollack 2004
2811:
2799:
2783:
2763:
2743:
2727:
2711:
2695:
2326:
2317:
2302:Please help
2290:
2255:
2230:
2222:North Africa
2184:
2120:
2116:
2114:
2071:
2011:
1986:
1974:
1973:
1919:
1866:
1858:Demographics
1806:
1787:
1730:
1682:
1622:
1589:
1444:
1331:
1297:Multilateral
1296:
1252:
1218:
1197:
1186:Anti-Zionism
1181:Antisemitism
1170:Anti-Shi'ism
1094:
1067:Arab leaders
1066:
1019:Institutions
1017:
939:
927:
910:
903:
893:
830:
624:Succeeded by
623:
618:
605:Syrian pound
600:Libyan dinar
579:• Total
401:
373:
364:Coat of arms
296:
281:
241:edit summary
232:
199:
191:
137:edit summary
128:
97:(April 2010)
95:
87:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
4053:Pan-Arabism
3993:Arab League
3613:Arab Ba'ath
3535:Salah Jadid
3392:Arabization
3239:Six-Day War
3234:Suez Crisis
3180:Arab Revolt
3159:Pan-Arabism
2768:Harris 1986
2252:Referendums
2237:October war
2233:Anwar Sadat
2226:Middle East
2002:Marsh Arabs
1936:Arabization
1921:Ethnicities
1757:Doha (2010)
1632:Dubai Smile
1436:Arab Revolt
1431:Expenditure
1154:Sunni Islam
1076:King Salman
918:Nile Valley
822:Pan-Arabism
795:Arab Winter
619:Preceded by
515:Legislature
3967:Categories
3777:Literature
3470:Tariq Aziz
3387:Arab world
3382:Arab Union
3311:Dhofar War
2667:References
2434:FAR 1976,
2400:FAR 1972,
2384:FAR 1971,
2368:FAR 1970,
2206:recognized
2026:(majority)
1987:Lifestyles
1885:Christians
1881:(majority)
1789:Mu'allaqat
1784:Literature
1722:Al Jazeera
1717:Al Arabiya
1397:Uzbekistan
1040:Parliament
978:Governance
768:Arab world
501:Government
407:(English:
382:(English:
196:in Russian
50:improve it
3810:Symbolism
3154:Nasserism
3149:Ba'athism
2904:30 August
2852:Metz 1989
2828:Metz 1989
2804:Metz 1989
2672:Citations
2656:(1958–61)
2642:(1958–61)
2320:July 2016
2291:does not
2185:In 1969,
2157:to merge
1905:Mandaeans
1614:Palestine
1402:Venezuela
1332:Bilateral
1130:Ba'athism
1114:Nasserism
874:Geography
334:1972–1977
259:talk page
155:talk page
92:in German
56:talk page
3952:Category
3894:Islamism
3603:Al-Fatat
3370:Concepts
3137:Ideology
3051:88600480
2999:(2011).
2954:(1987).
2898:Archived
2652:and the
2590:See also
2224:and the
2037:Armenian
2013:Language
1910:Hinduism
1868:Religion
1841:Arab Cup
1697:Nile-SAT
1692:Arab-SAT
1590:Railways
1581:Aviation
1420:Military
1382:Pakistan
1149:Islamism
1096:Ideology
960:ad-Dahna
588:Currency
507:under a
505:Republic
478:Damascus
235:provide
131:provide
3598:Al-Awda
3173:History
2917:Sources
2620:Tunisia
2312:removed
2297:sources
2181:History
2142:
2062:Persian
2052:Kurdish
1997:Bedouin
1957:Somalis
1952:Nubians
1942:Berbers
1900:Shabaks
1895:Yazidis
1879:Muslims
1774:Cuisine
1674:Culture
1623:Bridges
1490:Economy
1367:Eritrea
1352:Eritrea
1035:Summits
1030:Council
955:Arabian
940:Deserts
912:Mashriq
905:Maghreb
894:Regions
467:Tripoli
452:Capital
376: "
374:Anthem:
257:to the
239:in the
198:.
153:to the
135:in the
94:.
3087:
3068:
3049:
3026:
3007:
2985:
2964:
2936:
2622:(1974)
2612:(1958)
2610:Jordan
2193:. The
2125:Arabic
2067:Somali
2057:Nubian
2047:Hebrew
2042:Berber
2024:Arabic
1387:Turkey
1377:Israel
1357:France
1342:Brazil
950:Sahara
495:Arabic
315:Arabic
311:
3698:Fatah
2640:Syria
2636:Egypt
2461:Flags
2436:Egypt
2420:Libya
2386:Sudan
2370:Syria
2266:Syria
2210:Sudan
2167:Syria
2163:Egypt
2159:Libya
1962:other
1947:Kurds
1932:Arabs
1808:Sport
1797:Dress
1683:Media
1604:Hejaz
1362:India
1347:China
1312:ASEAN
1058:Unity
856:Syria
851:Libya
841:Egypt
749:Syria
744:Libya
739:Egypt
483:Syria
472:Libya
461:Egypt
456:Cairo
416:Syria
395:Libya
391:Egypt
219:DeepL
115:DeepL
3085:ISBN
3066:ISBN
3047:LCCN
3024:ISBN
3005:ISBN
2983:ISBN
2962:ISBN
2934:ISBN
2906:2024
2638:and
2608:and
2606:Iraq
2547:Maps
2402:Iraq
2295:any
2293:cite
2165:and
2139:lit.
2115:The
2032:Afar
1890:Jews
1609:ONCF
1372:Iran
846:Iraq
573:Area
414:(by
393:and
389:(by
350:Flag
233:must
231:You
212:View
129:must
127:You
108:View
2306:by
2197:of
2121:FAR
1779:Art
221:or
117:or
3969::
2950:;
2932:.
2892:.
2680:^
2161:,
2137:,
2131:,
2127::
2123:;
1008:)
418:)
59:.
3122:e
3115:t
3108:v
3093:.
3074:.
3053:.
3013:.
2991:.
2970:.
2942:.
2908:.
2333:)
2327:(
2322:)
2318:(
2314:.
2300:.
2151:'
2145:'
2119:(
2104:e
2097:t
2090:v
1938:)
1934:(
1831:)
1827:(
1792:)
1004:(
485:)
481:(
474:)
470:(
463:)
459:(
411:)
397:)
386:)
380:"
317:)
313:(
288:)
282:(
268:.
261:.
164:.
157:.
66:)
62:(
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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