58:
286:
446:
The necessity and motives behind the FSF's establishment have been subjects of debate. Critics argue that its creation was driven by Bhutto's desire to suppress opposition and instill fear among political adversaries. The FSF was implicated in several violent incidents, including the killing of Nazir
458:
administration. After its disestablishment in 1977, cases were opened against FSF officials Mian Abbas, Arshad Iqbal, Ghulam
Mustafa, and Rana Iftikhar and were later sentenced to death for extrajudicial killings.
310:
303:
428:
and, in some instances, using violence to suppress opposition. The FSF also engaged in intelligence collection aimed at countering opposition parties and identifying potential threats.
955:
454:
The FSF's legitimacy as a coup-prevention unit came under scrutiny, and its operations increasingly attracted public criticism. The FSF was officially disbanded in July 1977 by
424:
At its peak, the FSF comprised over 15,000 personnel. Its primary responsibilities included assisting the police in maintaining order, securing political events, surveilling
603:
573:
317:
965:
499:
960:
945:
439:
law graduate. Mahmood's tenure saw a close collaboration with Bhutto, but shifted allegiance to Zia-ul-Haq following the reopening of the
940:
674:
930:
658:
222:
566:
935:
608:
613:
559:
477:
290:
679:
370:
537:
440:
130:
125:
623:
217:
874:
262:
628:
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378:
257:
94:
845:
582:
232:
145:
237:
448:
366:
796:
736:
638:
421:, which was deeply involved in the politics of Pakistan and had ruled the country from 1958 to 1971.
227:
89:
858:
786:
633:
276:
199:
153:
879:
643:
373:, and assisting the government and police in maintaining law and order. The FSF was disbanded by
169:
99:
950:
684:
402:
354:
824:
801:
791:
705:
418:
394:
358:
347:
648:
8:
758:
435:, later replaced by Masood Mahmood, a former British Indian Police Service officer and a
390:
374:
350:
174:
72:
728:
718:
713:
242:
451:
leader, and the
Liaquat Bagh shooting in 1973, which resulted in numerous casualties.
500:"How the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Strengthened Pakistan's Military Deep State"
853:
768:
653:
436:
432:
746:
741:
410:
362:
187:
57:
551:
924:
776:
406:
339:
909:
819:
781:
414:
398:
335:
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443:
murder case and testified against Bhutto, contributing to his execution.
193:
751:
455:
409:
in March 1972, which raised concerns about the reliability of existing
425:
113:
417:. The FSF also served as a civilian armed force to balance with the
904:
343:
361:
in civilian affairs. It was mainly to serve as protection for
811:
956:
Defunct government departments and agencies of
Pakistan
389:
The
Federal Security Force was established in 1972 by
604:
Directorate
General of Intelligence and Investigation
538:"A leaf from history: FSF — the dreaded organisation"
346:
from 1972 to 1977. The FSF was established by then-
922:
581:
535:
16:Former Pakistani secret police agency (1972–77)
567:
413:institutions and the potential for increased
311:
675:National Academy for Prisons Administration
966:Government agencies disestablished in 1977
659:National Cyber Crimes Investigation Agency
574:
560:
318:
304:
475:
961:Government agencies established in 1972
609:National Highways & Motorway Police
946:Former paramilitary forces of Pakistan
923:
536:InpaperMagazine, From (29 July 2012).
531:
529:
527:
525:
523:
521:
519:
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513:
401:force under the direct control of the
555:
431:Haq Nawaz Tiwana was the FSF's first
614:National Counter Terrorism Authority
405:. Its formation was a response to a
510:
476:Cowasjee, Ardeshir (28 June 1997).
357:as a substitute for the use of the
13:
941:1977 disestablishments in Pakistan
14:
977:
931:Government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
441:Nawab Muhammad Ahmed Khan Kasuri
284:
56:
936:1972 establishments in Pakistan
377:after Bhutto was overthrown in
624:Department of Plant Protection
492:
469:
218:1970s operation in Balochistan
1:
875:Azad Jammu and Kashmir Police
462:
629:Federal Investigation Agency
619:Animal Quarantine Department
258:1977 Pakistani military coup
22:Federal Security Force (FSF)
7:
846:Islamabad Capital Territory
583:Law enforcement in Pakistan
10:
982:
384:
213:Prime Minister of Pakistan
892:
867:
844:
837:
810:
767:
737:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police
727:
704:
697:
667:
639:Financial Monitoring Unit
596:
589:
228:1974 Anti-Ahmadiyya riots
39:
31:
26:
859:Islamabad Traffic Police
371:Leader of the Opposition
277:Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan
154:Convention Muslim League
65:This article is part of
880:Gilgit-Baltistan Police
680:National Police Academy
644:Airports Security Force
353:as a task force of the
294:: Picture, Sound, Video
233:Nationalization process
223:1973 Iraqi embassy raid
170:Sino-Pakistan Agreement
146:Pakistan People’s Party
900:Federal Security Force
685:National Police Bureau
403:Government of Pakistan
355:Government of Pakistan
332:Federal Security Force
205:Federal Security Force
825:Special Security Unit
802:Police Qaumi Razakars
792:Punjab Highway Patrol
478:"The missing chapter"
419:Pakistan Armed Forces
395:President of Pakistan
359:Pakistan Armed Forces
182:President of Pakistan
649:Anti-Narcotics Force
759:Special Combat Unit
668:Training and Policy
426:political opponents
391:Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
379:Operation Fair Play
375:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
351:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
175:Operation Gibraltar
74:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
23:
729:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
719:Balochistan Levies
714:Balochistan Police
397:at the time, as a
243:Hyderabad tribunal
21:
918:
917:
888:
887:
868:Other territories
833:
832:
693:
692:
328:
327:
200:1973 Constitution
139:Political parties
82:
81:
47:
46:
973:
893:Defunct agencies
854:Islamabad Police
842:
841:
702:
701:
654:Pakistan Customs
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593:
576:
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562:
553:
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545:
533:
508:
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496:
490:
489:
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480:. DAWN newspaper
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433:director general
363:civil leadership
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313:
306:
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163:Foreign Minister
95:Political career
78:
77:
75:
68:
60:
53:
52:
49:
48:
24:
20:
981:
980:
976:
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970:
921:
920:
919:
914:
905:Khasadar Forces
884:
863:
829:
806:
763:
747:Malakand Levies
723:
689:
663:
634:Railways Police
585:
580:
550:
549:
534:
511:
504:thediplomat.com
498:
497:
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474:
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449:Jamaat-i-Islami
411:law enforcement
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324:
282:
267:
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209:
188:Simla Agreement
179:
159:
135:
117:
108:Political views
104:
73:
71:
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27:Agency overview
17:
12:
11:
5:
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799:
797:Punjab Prisons
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579:
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509:
491:
467:
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386:
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367:Prime Minister
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238:Foreign policy
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208:
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197:
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158:
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148:(1967 onwards)
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133:
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84:
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79:
67:a series about
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37:
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29:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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964:
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951:Secret police
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787:Punjab Police
785:
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777:Dolphin Force
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457:
452:
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444:
442:
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437:Lincoln's Inn
434:
429:
427:
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420:
416:
412:
408:
407:police strike
404:
400:
396:
392:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
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340:secret police
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156:(before 1967)
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38:
34:
30:
25:
19:
910:Mehran Force
899:
820:Sindh Police
782:Elite Police
541:
503:
494:
482:. Retrieved
471:
453:
445:
430:
423:
415:civil unrest
399:paramilitary
388:
365:such as the
336:paramilitary
334:(FSF) was a
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18:
838:Territorial
706:Balochistan
194:Project-706
925:Categories
752:Dir Levies
698:Provincial
463:References
456:Zia-ul Haq
90:Early life
447:Ahmad, a
348:President
342:force in
270:Biography
263:Execution
120:Elections
114:Socialism
40:Dissolved
597:Agencies
542:DAWN.COM
484:25 March
344:Pakistan
251:Downfall
590:Federal
385:History
292:Gallery
769:Punjab
742:Levies
393:, the
100:Burial
32:Formed
812:Sindh
486:2008
369:and
338:and
330:The
131:1977
126:1970
43:1977
35:1972
927::
540:.
512:^
502:.
381:.
575:e
568:t
561:v
544:.
506:.
488:.
319:e
312:t
305:v
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