441:
of
Congressional Democrats, in particular Albert Gore Sr., George Fallon, Dennis Chavez, and Hale Boggs. That bill authorized paying for highway expansion by establishing the Highway Trust Fund, which in turn would be funded by increases in highway user taxes on gasoline, diesel, tires, and other materials. For his part, during 1954–1955, Eisenhower had adamantly refused to support a highway bill that either raised user taxes or increased deficit spending, instead favoring a plan that would create a government corporation that would issue highway bonds. However, Congressional Democrats and members of his own administration, including his Comptroller General Joseph Campbell, publicly criticized Eisenhower's proposed government corporation on that grounds that its bonds would, in fact, count towards the national debt.
379:
40:
2032:
433:, may have convinced him to support construction of the Interstate System when he became president. "The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land." His "Grand Plan" for highways, announced in 1954, led to the 1956 legislative breakthrough that created the Highway Trust Fund to accelerate construction of the Interstate System.
517:, tolls continue to be collected, even though the turnpikes have long since been paid for. The money collected is used for highway maintenance, turnpike improvement projects and states' general funds. (That is not the case in Massachusetts, where the state constitution requires the money be used for transportation.) In addition, there are several major
437:
transportation for the national economy. In the event of a ground invasion by a foreign power, the U.S. Army would need good highways to be able to transport troops and material across the country efficiently. Following completion of the highways, the cross-country journey that took the convoy two months in 1919 was cut down to five days.
401:, which was the first road across America. However, there is little evidence in either his private or public utterances from the time (1952–1956) to support this claim. The highly publicized 1919 convoy was intended, in part, to dramatize the need for better main highways and continued federal aid. The convoy left the Ellipse south of the
440:
Eisenhower's role in passage of the 1956 Federal-Aid Act has been exaggerated. Eisenhower's preferred bill, authored by a group of non-governmental officials led by Gen. Lucius Clay, was voted down overwhelmingly by the
Congress in 1955. The bill Eisenhower actually signed in 1956 was the brainchild
67:
An act to amend and supplement the
Federal Aid Road Act approved July 11, 1956, to authorize appropriations for continuing the construction of highways; to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to provide additional revenue from taxes on motor fuel, tires, and trucks and buses; and for other
436:
Though
Eisenhower is sometimes described as having advocated for the highways for the purpose of national defense, scholarship has shown that he said relatively little about national defense when actually advocating for the plan, instead emphasizing highway fatalities and the importance of
2174:
420:
The convoy was memorable enough for a young Army officer, 28-year-old
Lieutenant Colonel Dwight David Eisenhower, to include a chapter about the trip, titled "Through Darkest America With Truck and Tank", in his book
417:. Bridges cracked and were rebuilt, vehicles became stuck in mud and equipment broke, but the convoy was greeted warmly by communities across the country. The convoy reached San Francisco on September 6, 1919.
1687:
367:
1746:
1213:
340:
that paid for 90 percent of highway construction costs with the states required to pay the remaining 10 percent. It was expected that the money would be generated through new
987:
2152:
425:(Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1967). "The trip had been difficult, tiring and fun", he said. That experience on the Lincoln Highway, plus his observations of the German
2292:
1516:
1309:
1223:
389:
Some biographers have claimed that
Eisenhower's support of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 can be attributed to his experiences in 1919 as a participant in the
1177:
1771:
1500:
344:
on fuel, automobiles, trucks, and tires. As a matter of practice, the federal portion of the cost of the
Interstate Highway System has been paid for by taxes on
318:
into law. With an original authorization of $ 25 billion (equivalent to $ 215 billion in 2023) for the construction of 41,000 miles (66,000 km) of the
1208:
1425:
1392:
1534:
837:
631:). Additionally, Kentucky has several former toll roads that, in full or part, became part of the Interstate Highway system after the removal of tolls (
333:
in the act's title was because some of the original cost was diverted from defense funds and "because of s primary importance to the national defense".
2180:
1029:
2157:
1172:
2163:
1105:
1096:
17:
2186:
2168:
939:
2255:
1791:
1776:
1714:
1182:
706:
2214:
1641:
1636:
1631:
2297:
2224:
1494:
1165:
1115:
2260:
2078:
1203:
1110:
887:
854:
841:
2069:
1682:
1751:
1661:
1656:
1576:
1511:
1125:
979:
1009:
999:
960:
2192:
2129:
2219:
2209:
2147:
773:
2287:
1709:
1677:
1739:
1651:
1646:
458:
1563:
1338:
1091:
932:
453:
that had been built prior to the
Interstate Highway Act were incorporated into the Interstate system (for example, the
192:
182:
163:
158:
1699:
1459:
1437:
1014:
1415:
1189:
222:
1796:
2124:
2119:
2109:
2104:
2099:
1966:
1333:
1195:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1081:
1044:
971:
903:
688:
136:
128:
1977:
1869:
1552:
1523:
1039:
963:
858:
845:
718:
308:
1249:
378:
2282:
2062:
2035:
1832:
1704:
925:
394:
361:
591:
Toll turnpikes in the following states have been declared paid off, and those highways have become standard
2094:
1074:
2240:
1989:
98:
1242:
534:
295:
2250:
1756:
1626:
1476:
1403:
1292:
1059:
1034:
895:
875:
640:
636:
632:
604:
319:
879:
186:
121:
2055:
2047:
1581:
1506:
1465:
1442:
1398:
1270:
1260:
648:
585:
550:
546:
410:
2086:
1848:
1430:
1374:
1254:
1064:
570:
558:
899:
863:
1824:
1719:
908:
522:
1983:
1919:
1488:
1420:
1368:
1069:
39:
1949:
1907:
1766:
1724:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1540:
1408:
1280:
948:
628:
383:
311:
274:
8:
1931:
1729:
1386:
1231:
1054:
1019:
740:
797:
2245:
1943:
1481:
1380:
1120:
821:
624:
390:
371:
337:
218:
196:
173:
264:
246:
1925:
1913:
1814:
1761:
1734:
1607:
1452:
1285:
1275:
1049:
825:
813:
769:
236:
2175:
Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient
Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
1901:
1889:
1877:
1840:
1786:
1528:
850:
805:
470:
406:
304:
521:
and toll tunnels included in the
Interstate system, including four bridges in the
2021:
2014:
1895:
1883:
1856:
1819:
1781:
1692:
1302:
1297:
1024:
883:
763:
644:
530:
398:
798:""Giving government to business": Dwight Eisenhower and the Federal Highway Act"
669:
1937:
1314:
674:
578:
574:
2276:
2000:
1447:
1265:
817:
616:
566:
562:
554:
542:
538:
514:
506:
502:
466:
462:
454:
414:
1995:
1351:
912:
478:
450:
430:
336:
The money for the Interstate Highway and Defense Highways was handled in a
323:
1321:
596:
529:
with New Jersey, New Jersey with New York, New Jersey with Pennsylvania,
518:
402:
355:
349:
1971:
1236:
917:
838:
The Greatest Decade 1956–1966 Part 1 Essential to the National Interest
474:
315:
140:
809:
1586:
890:
2077:
620:
608:
600:
526:
498:
490:
426:
366:
345:
226:
707:"Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, Creating the Interstate System"
592:
486:
73:
537:. Tolls collected on Interstate Highways remain on segments of
494:
738:
1327:
612:
510:
27:
1956 U.S. legislation creating the Interstate Highway System
1344:
482:
988:
Commander, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force
1310:
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954
341:
356:
Historical background of the Interstate Highway System
1426:
Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954
739:
Federal Highway Administration (September 15, 1999).
1688:Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, gravesite
1501:President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports
1065:Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany
667:
296:
2181:Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act
1393:U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
413:. From there, it followed the Lincoln Highway to
2293:United States federal transportation legislation
2274:
2158:Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
2079:United States federal transportation legislation
1517:U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division
743:. Federal Highway Administration. FHWA-PL-99-015
2164:National Highway System Designation Act of 1995
1535:Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act
668:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023).
326:project in American history through that time.
2169:Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century
661:
2256:National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act
2063:
1777:Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol)
1715:Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport
1632:Republican Party presidential primaries (1948
933:
292:National Interstate and Defense Highways Act
56:National Interstate and Defense Highways Act
2187:Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act
1495:People to People Student Ambassador Program
1271:Khrushchev, Eisenhower and De-Stalinization
584:In addition, some states have built tolled
535:Indiana and Kentucky in the Louisville area
259:on June 22, 1956 (adopted) and by the
2261:United States Department of Transportation
2070:
2056:
940:
926:
855:United States Department of Transportation
842:United States Department of Transportation
531:the Upper and Lower peninsulas of Michigan
322:over a 10-year period, it was the largest
253:Reported by the joint conference committee
1657:United States Presidential election (1952
704:
397:across the United States on the historic
362:Interstate Highway System § History
1752:Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center
1577:Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960
947:
851:History of the Interstate Highway System
377:
365:
761:
14:
2275:
2193:Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
762:Ambrose, Stephen E. (March 18, 2014).
2051:
921:
791:
789:
787:
785:
705:Weingroff, Richard F. (Summer 1996).
1710:Eisenhower Executive Office Building
1647:Republican National Convention (1952
1082:Supreme Commander of NATO, 1951-1952
796:Zug, Charles U. (February 9, 2023).
1878:Mary "Mamie" Geneva Doud Eisenhower
795:
765:Eisenhower Volume II: The President
307:was enacted on June 29, 1956, when
217:in the House as H.R. 10660 by
24:
2298:Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower
1564:Student loans in the United States
1339:National Aeronautics and Space Act
782:
423:At Ease: Stories I Tell to Friends
409:, on July 7, 1919, and headed for
301:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
25:
2309:
1700:Eisenhower National Historic Site
1460:Federal Voting Assistance Program
1438:Air Pollution Control Act of 1955
1015:1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy
869:
2031:
2030:
1416:Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954
741:"Financing Federal-Aid Highways"
38:
1967:Eisenhower baseball controversy
1512:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
1472:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956
1334:EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958
1045:People of Western Europe speech
972:Supreme Allied Commander Europe
896:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956
891:Statute Compilations collection
876:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956
689:Gross Domestic Product deflator
651:following in the near future).
288:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956
33:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956
18:Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956
1553:National Defense Education Act
1524:Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957
1040:June 6, 1944, order of the day
1030:European Theater of Operations
964:President of the United States
859:Federal Highway Administration
846:Federal Highway Administration
802:Presidential Studies Quarterly
755:
732:
719:Federal Highway Administration
698:
13:
1:
1834:Backstairs at the White House
1705:Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial
1529:Little Rock Nine intervention
1421:Internal Revenue Code of 1954
670:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?"
654:
395:Transcontinental Motor Convoy
374:, primary sponsor of the bill
1797:Other tributes and memorials
1075:European Advisory Commission
7:
2288:84th United States Congress
2241:Federal-aid highway program
1990:Introduction to Outer Space
1978:And I don't care what it is
1792:Places named for Eisenhower
1375:Outer Continental Shelf Act
1196:Military–industrial complex
864:Federal Highway Act of 1956
595:with the removal of tolls:
444:
99:84th United States Congress
89:Highway Revenue Act of 1956
10:
2314:
1243:Korean Armistice Agreement
1214:Presidential Proclamations
1121:State of the Union Address
980:Chief of Staff of the Army
623:(the part of I-95 between
588:within existing freeways.
469:). For major turnpikes in
359:
2251:Interstate Highway System
2233:
2202:
2138:
2085:
2009:
1959:
1868:
1805:
1757:Eisenhower Medical Center
1670:
1627:Draft Eisenhower movement
1619:
1600:
1477:Interstate Highway System
1404:National Wool Act of 1954
1361:
1293:Atomic Energy Act of 1954
1255:"Chance for Peace" speech
1222:
1090:
1035:Allied invasion of Sicily
998:
955:
329:The addition of the term
320:Interstate Highway System
210:
205:
172:
151:
146:
127:
117:
112:
104:
93:
85:
72:
63:
46:
37:
2087:Federal aid highway acts
1828:(1949 television series)
1582:Civil Rights Act of 1960
1507:Civil Rights Act of 1957
1466:Bank Holding Company Act
1443:Agricultural Act of 1956
1399:Agricultural Act of 1954
1250:1953 Iranian coup d'état
411:Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
235:on April 27, 1956 (
53:Highway Construction Act
1850:Ike: Countdown to D-Day
1431:Small Watershed Program
263:on June 22, 1956 (
159:16 U.S.C.: Conservation
2139:Surface transportation
1720:Eisenhower Fellowships
768:. Simon and Schuster.
581:, and several others.
523:San Francisco Bay Area
386:
375:
257:agreed to by the House
245:on May 29, 1956 (
1984:Atoms for Peace Award
1920:Ida Stover Eisenhower
1916:(great-granddaughter)
1489:Fish and Wildlife Act
1369:Executive Order 10479
1178:Judicial appointments
1070:Disarmed Enemy Forces
381:
369:
2283:1956 in American law
1950:Milton S. Eisenhower
1908:Mary Jean Eisenhower
1767:Eisenhower Golf Club
1725:Eisenhower Institute
1571:Hawaii Admission Act
1559:Federal Perkins Loan
1547:Humane Slaughter Act
1541:Alaska Statehood Act
1409:Special Milk Program
949:Dwight D. Eisenhower
904:US Statutes at Large
457:carries portions of
449:Many limited-access
384:Dwight D. Eisenhower
312:Dwight D. Eisenhower
290:, also known as the
275:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1932:Edgar N. Eisenhower
1747:U.S. Postage stamps
1730:Eisenhower Monument
1387:Submerged Lands Act
1232:Eisenhower Doctrine
1055:Operation Veritable
1020:Louisiana Maneuvers
691:figures follow the
229:) on April 19, 1956
206:Legislative history
187:ch. 2, subch. I
164:23 U.S.C.: Highways
34:
2246:Highway Trust Fund
1944:Earl D. Eisenhower
1772:Eisenhower Theater
1482:Highway Trust Fund
1381:Refugee Relief Act
1281:1955 Geneva Summit
1204:Kennedy transition
1060:Berlin Declaration
387:
376:
372:George Hyde Fallon
338:Highway Trust Fund
255:on June 22, 1956;
47:Other short titles
32:
2270:
2269:
2045:
2044:
2022:John F. Kennedy →
2015:← Harry S. Truman
1926:Arthur Eisenhower
1914:Jennie Eisenhower
1844:(1979 miniseries)
1836:(1979 miniseries)
1826:Crusade in Europe
1815:Eisenhower jacket
1762:Eisenhower Trophy
1735:Eisenhower dollar
1609:Crusade in Europe
1596:
1595:
1453:Soil Bank Program
1286:1960 U-2 incident
1116:1957 inauguration
1111:1953 inauguration
1050:Normandy landings
810:10.1111/psq.12816
775:978-1-4767-4587-9
284:
283:
243:Passed the Senate
130:Statutes at Large
16:(Redirected from
2305:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2049:
2048:
2034:
2033:
1902:Susan Eisenhower
1890:David Eisenhower
1787:Mount Eisenhower
1220:
1219:
1209:Executive Orders
1190:Farewell address
991:
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611:(part of I-95),
407:Washington, D.C.
302:
298:
277:on June 29, 1956
233:Passed the House
176:sections created
131:
78:
42:
35:
31:
21:
2313:
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2198:
2141:assistance acts
2140:
2134:
2081:
2076:
2046:
2041:
2005:
1955:
1910:(granddaughter)
1904:(granddaughter)
1898:(granddaughter)
1896:Anne Eisenhower
1884:John Eisenhower
1864:
1820:Eisenhower Tree
1807:
1801:
1782:Fort Eisenhower
1666:
1615:
1592:
1362:Domestic policy
1357:
1303:Restricted Data
1298:Atoms for Peace
1276:New Look policy
1218:
1094:
1086:
1025:Operation Torch
1010:Military career
1001:
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986:
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951:
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872:
834:
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737:
733:
723:
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703:
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678:
666:
662:
657:
525:, ones linking
447:
429:network during
399:Lincoln Highway
382:U.S. President
370:Representative
364:
358:
300:
280:
271:Signed into law
201:
168:
129:
94:Enacted by
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2203:Public transit
2200:
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2184:
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2161:
2155:
2150:
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2136:
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2133:
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2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
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2097:
2091:
2089:
2083:
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2075:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2052:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2026:
2025:
2018:
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2007:
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2003:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1963:
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1957:
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1954:
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1941:
1938:Roy Eisenhower
1935:
1929:
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1315:Food for Peace
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870:External links
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693:MeasuringWorth
687:United States
675:MeasuringWorth
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360:Main article:
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211:
208:
207:
203:
202:
200:
199:
190:
179:
177:
170:
169:
167:
166:
161:
155:
153:
152:Titles amended
149:
148:
144:
143:
133:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
70:
69:
65:
61:
60:
58:
57:
54:
50:
48:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2310:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2038:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2002:
2001:Kay Summersby
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1847:
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1837:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
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1810:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
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1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1740:commemorative
1738:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
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1713:
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1684:
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1599:
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1569:
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1562:
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1536:
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1527:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
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1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1448:Soil Bank Act
1446:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1266:Domino theory
1264:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1183:Supreme Court
1181:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
997:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
962:
958:
957:
954:
950:
943:
938:
936:
931:
929:
924:
923:
920:
914:
910:
907:
905:
901:
897:
894:
892:
889:
885:
881:
877:
874:
873:
865:
862:
860:
856:
852:
849:
847:
843:
839:
836:
835:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
804:: psq.12816.
803:
799:
792:
790:
788:
786:
777:
771:
767:
766:
758:
747:September 10,
742:
735:
720:
716:
712:
708:
701:
694:
690:
677:
676:
671:
664:
660:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:parts of I-69
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
586:express lanes
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:West Virginia
512:
508:
507:New Hampshire
504:
503:Massachusetts
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:Interstate 76
456:
455:Ohio Turnpike
452:
451:toll highways
442:
438:
434:
432:
428:
424:
418:
416:
415:San Francisco
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
385:
380:
373:
368:
363:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:
306:
299:
293:
289:
276:
273:by President
272:
269:
266:
262:
258:
254:
251:
248:
244:
241:
238:
234:
231:
228:
224:
220:
219:George Fallon
216:
213:
212:
209:
204:
198:
194:
191:
188:
184:
181:
180:
178:
175:
171:
165:
162:
160:
157:
156:
154:
150:
145:
142:
138:
134:
132:
126:
123:
120:
116:
111:
108:June 29, 1956
107:
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
71:
66:
62:
55:
52:
51:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
2177:(SAFETEA-LU)
2114:
2029:
2020:
2013:
1996:Eddie Slovik
1988:
1857:
1849:
1841:
1833:
1825:
1693:Boyhood home
1678:Bibliography
1608:
1471:
1352:Operation 40
913:Congress.gov
898:as enacted (
878:as amended (
801:
764:
757:
745:. Retrieved
734:
722:. Retrieved
714:
711:Public Roads
710:
700:
692:
681:November 30,
679:. Retrieved
673:
663:
590:
583:
519:toll bridges
479:Pennsylvania
448:
439:
435:
431:World War II
422:
419:
388:
335:
330:
328:
324:public works
291:
287:
285:
270:
260:
256:
252:
242:
232:
214:
147:Codification
77:(colloquial)
29:
1860:(2014 play)
1852:(2004 film)
1322:Suez Crisis
990:(1943–1945)
982:(1945–1948)
974:(1951–1952)
966:(1953–1961)
597:Connecticut
403:White House
350:diesel fuel
314:signed the
2277:Categories
2189:(FAST Act)
1972:Camp David
1892:(grandson)
1683:Birthplace
1237:Korean War
1106:Transition
1092:Presidency
909:H.R. 10660
724:August 25,
655:References
629:Petersburg
475:New Jersey
215:Introduced
118:Public law
64:Long title
1952:(brother)
1946:(brother)
1940:(brother)
1934:(brother)
1928:(brother)
1620:Elections
1587:Sikes Act
902:) in the
886:) in the
826:256750020
818:0360-4918
645:I-69 Spur
615:(part of
603:(part of
393:'s first
391:U.S. Army
309:President
193:23 U.S.C.
183:16 U.S.C.
113:Citations
105:Effective
86:Nicknames
68:purposes.
2183:(MAP-21)
2171:(TEA-21)
2036:Category
1922:(mother)
1858:Pressure
1261:Cold War
1097:timeline
1000:Military
695:series.
625:Richmond
621:Virginia
609:Maryland
601:Kentucky
599:(I-95),
593:freeways
557:, I-76,
553:, I-80,
545:, I-90,
527:Delaware
499:Oklahoma
491:Illinois
471:New York
461:(I-76),
445:Tollways
427:Autobahn
346:gasoline
135:70
74:Acronyms
2263:(USDOT)
2234:Related
2160:(ISTEA)
1960:Related
1808:culture
1806:Popular
1173:Cabinet
900:details
884:details
643:, with
487:Indiana
331:defense
297:Pub. L.
2195:(IIJA)
1880:(wife)
1870:Family
1671:Legacy
1611:(1948)
1589:(1960)
1573:(1959)
1557:1958;
1549:(1958)
1543:(1958)
1537:(1957)
1531:(1957)
1503:(1956)
1497:(1956)
1491:(1956)
1468:(1956)
1462:(1955)
1395:(1953)
1389:(1953)
1383:(1953)
1377:(1953)
1371:(1953)
1354:(1960)
1343:1958;
1330:(1958)
1324:(1956)
1257:(1953)
1241:1953;
1002:career
824:
816:
772:
639:, and
533:, and
513:, and
495:Kansas
465:, and
305:84–627
303:
261:Senate
237:388–19
174:U.S.C.
139:
122:84-627
1886:(son)
1662:1956)
1652:1956)
1642:1956)
1601:Books
1328:DARPA
822:S2CID
717:(1).
649:I-369
641:I-169
637:I-165
613:Texas
579:I-355
575:I-294
511:Maine
342:taxes
247:41–39
197:ch. 1
195:
189:§ 503
185:
137:Stat.
2225:1974
2220:1970
2215:1965
2210:1964
2153:1987
2148:1982
2130:1974
2125:1973
2120:1968
2115:1956
2110:1952
2105:1944
2100:1921
2095:1916
1637:1952
1345:NASA
1166:1961
1161:1960
1156:1959
1151:1958
1146:1957
1141:1956
1136:1955
1131:1955
1126:1953
961:34th
814:ISSN
770:ISBN
749:2008
726:2015
683:2023
647:and
627:and
617:I-30
605:I-65
571:I-35
567:I-44
563:I-64
559:I-70
555:I-77
551:I-87
547:I-88
543:I-94
539:I-95
483:Ohio
467:I-90
463:I-80
348:and
316:bill
286:The
265:89–1
97:the
81:FAHA
1842:Ike
911:on
888:GPO
880:PDF
853:at
840:at
806:doi
619:),
607:),
405:in
141:374
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857:–
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820:.
812:.
800:.
784:^
715:60
713:.
709:.
672:.
635:,
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573:,
569:,
565:,
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505:,
501:,
497:,
493:,
489:,
485:,
481:,
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352:.
294:,
227:MD
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2064:t
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1976:"
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1194:"
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1095:(
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828:.
808::
778:.
751:.
728:.
685:.
267:)
249:)
239:)
225:–
223:D
221:(
20:)
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