Smithfield Foods - Knowledge

1539:, North Carolina, nearly 500 residents sued a Smithfield subsidiary, Murphy-Brown, in 26 lawsuits, alleging nuisance and ill health caused by smells, open-air lagoons, and pig carcasses. Residents said their outdoor activities were limited as a consequence, and that they were unable to invite visitors to their homes. Smithfield said the complaints were without merit. On August 3, 2018, a federal jury awarded six North Carolina residents $ 470 million in damages against Murphy-Brown LLC. The verdict included $ 75 million each in punitive damages, plus $ 3–5 million in compensatory damages for loss of enjoyment in their properties. A state law capping punitive damages lowered that amount to $ 94 million. The plaintiffs had filed suit for "stench odor, truck noise and flies generated near their homes on Kinlaw Farm in 1758: 1808:(HRW) issued a 175-page report in 2005 documenting what it said were unsafe work conditions in the US meat and poultry industry, citing working conditions at Smithfield Foods as an example. In particular, the report said, workers make thousands of repetitive motions with knives during each shift, leading to lacerations and repetitive strain injuries. It also alleged that the workers' immigrant status may be exploited to prevent them from making complaints or forming unions. According to the report, the speed at which the pigs are killed and processed makes the job inherently dangerous for workers. A Smithfield manager testified in 1998, during an unfair labor practices trial, that at the 655: 440: 737:

require its contract farms to phase out crates by 2022. As of January 2018, on company-owned farms in the United States, Smithfield confines pregnant sows in gestation crates for six weeks during the impregnation process. When pregnancy is confirmed, they are moved to pens within a group-housing system for about 10 weeks, then to a farrowing crate, then back to a gestation crate to be impregnated again. It uses two forms of group housing: in one system, 30–40 sows are kept in a pen with access to individual gestation crates; in the other system, five or six sows are housed together in a pen. In July 2017

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lost money in December 1974—holiday-ham season—which was "like Budweiser losing money in July". Luter's restructuring of the company is credited with its improved performance. He remained as CEO until 2006 and as chairman until the company was sold to WH Group in 2013. His son, Joseph W. Luter IV, became an executive vice-president of Smithfield Foods in 2008 and president of the Smithfield Packing Company, by then the parent company's largest subsidiary. He resigned in October 2013. At that point his stock was valued at $ 21.1 million and Joseph W. Luter III's at $ 30 million.

782: 1837:. 300 of the plant's 3,700 employees tested positive. On April 12 the company announced the indefinite closure of the plant, which processes 4 to 5 percent of the pork products in the United States. Smithfield has stated that plant closures could cause a meat shortage. By April 14, 438 workers in Smithfield's Sioux Falls plant were confirmed to be infected with the coronavirus, with Sullivan stating, "We have to operate these processing plants even when we have COVID." On April 15, the company announced the closure of a plant in 696:, the waste—a mixture of excrement, urine, blood, afterbirths, stillborn pigs, drugs and other chemicals—overflows when it rains, and the liners can be punctured by rocks. Smithfield attributes the pink color of the waste to the health of the lagoons, and states that the color is "a sign of bacteria doing what it should be doing. It's indicative of lower odor and lower nutrient content." In 2018 it announced an "animal waste-to-energy" plan; the company said it would spend $ 125 million over ten years, along with 1573: 1415: 40: 1744:, a professor of animal husbandry, to review the footage; she recommended an inspection by animal welfare expert Jennifer Woods. Smithfield announced on December 21 that it had fired two workers and their supervisor. At the company's invitation, the Virginia state veterinarian Richard Wilkes visited the facility on December 22. He praised Smithfield for its efforts to improve animal welfare and said he saw no signs of abuse. The Humane Society criticized the tour. 6999: 6298: 5960: 709: 7011: 1622:, once one of Smithfield's biggest critics, to enhance environmental protection at the Murphy-Brown's facilities in North Carolina. In 2009 the company said it had reduced its emissions since 2007, including its greenhouse-gas emissions by four percent; it attributed this to the divestiture of the beef group. In 2010 it released its ninth annual Corporate Social Responsibility report, and announced the creation of two sustainability committees. 642:

meant that smaller farms went out of business. In North Carolina, Smithfield's expansion mirrored hog farmers' decline; there were 667,000 hog farms there in 1980 and 67,000 in 2005. When the US government placed restrictions on the company, it moved into Eastern Europe. As a result, in Romania there were 477,030 hog farms in 2003 and 52,100 in 2007. There was a similar decline, by 56 percent between 1996 and 2008, in Poland.

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Smithfield employees and 143 were other people who got infected after contact with a Smithfield employee. In 2020, Smithfield was cited by OSHA for violating workplace safety rules relevant to the pandemic. Smithfield says OSHA's accusations are without merit and is disputing the citation. By September 11, 2020, the Sioux Falls plant was tied to nearly 1,300 worker infections and four worker deaths.

1737:. According to the AP, the material shows a pig being pulled by the snout, shot in the head with a stun gun, and thrown into a bin while trying to wriggle free. The investigator said he saw sows biting their crates and bleeding; staff jabbing them to make them move; staff tossing piglets into carts; and piglets born prematurely in gestation crates falling through the slats into the manure pits. 1667:. The construction was part of Smithfield Renewables' "manure-to-energy" project. In early 2020, Smithfield and Roeslein announced an additional $ 45 million investment in their joint venture. This investment will fund adding gas harvesting infrastructure to at least 85% of Smithfield's hog farms in Missouri. Smithfield also has other gas projects located in North Carolina, Utah, and Virginia. 1977:(January 3, 2022): "Smithfield Foods, Inc., together with its subsidiaries ... is the largest hog producer and pork processor in the world. ... On September 26, 2013 ... the Company merged with Sun Merger Sub, Inc., a Virginia corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of WH Group ... As a result of the Merger, the Company survived as a wholly owned subsidiary of WH Group." 1992:(July 15, 2017): "In an overlooked part of the deal, Shuanghui also acquired more than 146,000 acres of farmland across the United States, worth more than $ 500 million, according to U.S. Department of Agriculture data. The deal made Shuanghui, now the WH Group Limited, into one of the biggest foreign owners of U.S. agricultural land, according to an analysis of that same data" . 1468:, Mexico, near several facilities operated by Granjas Carroll de Mexico, a Smithfield Foods subsidiary that processes 1.2 million pigs a year and employs 907 people. This, together with tension between the company and local community over Smithfield's environmental record, prompted several newspapers to link the outbreak to Smithfield's farming practices. According to 1642:

40,600 pounds a year, and Farmland Foods reduced the corrugated packaging entering waste streams by over five million pounds a year. Smithfield Packing used 17 percent less plastic for deli meat. The company also eliminated 20,000 pounds of corrugated material a year by using smaller boxes to transport chicken frankfurters to its largest customer.

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the largest pig producers in the United States: Carroll's Foods for around $ 500 million and Murphy Family Farms of North Carolina; the latter was at that point the largest producer. Smithfield settled the acquisition with 3.3 million shares of Smithfield Foods stock, $ 178 million in cash, and the assumption of about $ 216 million of debt.

1717:(CIWF) conducted an undercover investigation into Smithfield CAFOs there in 2006, and found sick and injured animals in the barns, and dead animals rotting. The CAFOs were run by Animex, a Smithfield subsidiary. In one barn, 26 pigs were reported to have died in a five-week period. The CIWF report said of a Smithfield lagoon in 422:. Killing 114,300 pigs a day, it was the top pig-slaughter operation in the United States in 2007; along with three other companies, it also slaughtered 56 percent of the cattle processed there until it sold its beef group in 2008. The company has sold its products under several brand names, including 1857:

posing as the CEO Smithfield Foods Dennis Organ and made claims that the factories were petri dishes for the coronavirus. In the interview, he said the meat industry could be "effectively bringing on the next pandemic, with CDC data showing that three of four infectious diseases come from animals and

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Smithfield has come under criticism for the millions of gallons of untreated fecal matter it produces and stores in its lagoons. In 2012 it produced at least 4.7 billion gallons of manure in the United States; during their lifetimes, every pig will produce 1,100–1,300 liters. In a four-year period in

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The company contracted farmers who had moved out of tobacco farming, and sent them piglets between eight and ten weeks old to be brought to market weights on diets controlled by Smithfield. Smithfield retained ownership of the pigs. Only farmers able to handle thousands of pigs were contracted, which

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in China that has resulted in massive reductions in that country's pig population and pork production. One plant in Smithfield, Virginia slaughters about 10,000 pigs per day for export. Smithfield's ramp up of exports to China has occurred in the face of headwinds in the form of 62% tariffs designed

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In 2009, Smithfield said it would not meet the deadline because of the recession, but in 2011 it returned to its commitment, and to doing the same in Europe and Mexico by 2022. In January 2017 the company said that 87 percent of sows on company-owned farms were no longer in crates, and that it would

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company. As a result, it was able to expand by over 1,000 percent between 1990 and 2005. Vertical integration allows Smithfield to control every stage of pig production, from conception and birth, to slaughter, processing and packing, a system known as "from squeal to meal" or "from birth to bacon".

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In early 2019 Smithfield re-branded its food-service business, Smithfield Farmland, as "Smithfield Culinary." The company created advisory boards composed of chefs, established partnerships with culinary schools, and engaged in substantial research and development to improve its products. Smithfield

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In 2016, Smithfield had 50,200 employees in the United States, Mexico and Europe, and an annual revenue of $ 14 billion. In 2012 it opened a restaurant, Taste of Smithfield, in Smithfield, Virginia, located in the same Main Street building as its retail store, The Genuine Smithfield Ham Shoppe.

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that the company was killing around 3,000 hogs a day when he took over, and 5,000 by the time he left in January 1970, while the number of employees rose from 800 to 1,400. In July 1969 he sold Smithfield to Liberty Equities for $ 20 million; they asked him to stay on, but in January 1970 they fired

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in Smithfield, Virginia. The men were working for the meatpacker P. D. Gwaltney, Jr. & Co. when they set up the company; Joseph W. Luter Sr. was a salesman and Joseph W. Luter Jr. the general manager. Financing for the new company came from Peter Pruden of Suffolk and John S.

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As of 2023, Smithfield continues to sponsor Almirola in the NASCAR Cup Series with Stewart-Haas Racing. Almirola, who was set to retire from racing competition at the conclusion of the 2022 season, was coaxed by Smithfield to continue with his racing career and their partnership for 2023 and beyond

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Joseph W. Luter III said that vertical integration produces "high quality, consistent products with consistent genetics". The company obtained 2,000 pigs and the rights to their genetic lines from Britain's National Pig Development Company in 1990, and used them to create Smithfield Lean Generation

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For decades Smithfield had run its acquisitions as independent operating companies, but in 2015 it set up the "One Smithfield" initiative to unify them; Circle Four Farms in Milford, Utah, for example, became Smithfield Hog Production-Rocky Mountain Region. Ken Sullivan said in 2017 that he saw the

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The acquisitions caused concern among regulators in the United States regarding the company's control of the food supply. After Smithfield's purchase of Murphy Family Farms in 1999, the Agriculture Department described it as "absurdly big". According to agricultural researchers Jill Hobbs and Linda

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At the recommendation of its banks, Smithfield re-hired Joseph W. Luter III as CEO in April 1975 when it found itself in financial difficulties. At the time, according to Luter, the company had a net worth of under $ 1 million, debt of $ 17 million, and losses of $ 2 million a year. He said it even

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plant in North Carolina it takes 5–10 minutes to slaughter and complete the process of "disassembly" of an animal, including draining, cleaning, and cleaving. One worker told HRW that the disassembly line moves so fast that there is no time to sharpen the knives, which means harder cuts have to be

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lawsuit against the union. The following year Smithfield and the union reached an agreement, under which the union agreed to suspend its boycott in return for the company dropping its RICO lawsuit and allowing another election. In December 2008, workers voted 2,041 to 1,879 in favor of joining the

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strains of bacteria. Smithfield said in 2005 that it would administer antibiotics only to animals who were sick themselves, or who were in close proximity to sick animals; however, in CAFOs all pigs are in close proximity to each other. The company introduced an antibiotic-free Pure Farms brand in

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certification for its hog production and processing facilities in the US, with the exception of new acquisitions, and, in 2009, 14 plants in the US and 21 in Romania received certification. By 2011, 578 Smithfield facilities (95 percent of the company's global operations) were ISO 14001-certified.

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In 1992, Smithfield opened the world's largest processing plant, a 973,000-square-foot facility in Tar Heel, North Carolina, which by 2000 could process 32,000 pigs a day. Smithfield purchased John Morrell & Co in Sioux Falls, SD, in 1995 and Circle Four Farms in 1998. In 1999 it bought two of

1733:(HSUS) released an undercover video taken by one of its investigators inside a Smithfield Foods facility. The investigator had worked for a month at Murphy-Brown, a Smithfield subsidiary in Waverly, Virginia. The Associated Press (AP) reported that the investigator videotaped 1,000 sows living in 1550:

State representatives of agriculture in North Carolina accused lawyers and their plaintiffs of attempting to put farmers out of business. Steve Troxler, North Carolina's agricultural commissioner, said the litigation could harm farm production across the country; he argued that legal abuse of the

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The company agreed to donate $ 1.3 million to clean up; North Carolina State University would receive $ 15 million to research the treatment of pig waste; and the North Carolina Foundation for Soil and Water Conservation, Ducks Unlimited and the North Carolina Coastal Federation would

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that makes hams. Both plants were dependent on the Sioux Falls slaughterhouse. Employees in both facilities had tested positive for coronavirus, and by April 15, 28 workers at the plant in Cudahy had tested positive. By April 17, the Sioux Falls outbreak had grown to 777 cases, of whom 634 were

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In 2009 Armour-Eckrich introduced smaller crescent-style packaging for its smoked sausages, which reduced the plastic film and corrugated cardboard the company used by over 840,000 pounds per year. In 2010 the John Morrell plant in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, reduced its use of plastic by

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after completing the takeover. On September 6, 2013, the US government approved Shuanghui International Holding's purchase of Smithfield Food, Inc. The deal was valued at approximately $ 7.1 billion, which included debt. It was the largest stock acquisition by a Chinese company of an American

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writes that health officials found no link between the farms and the H1N1 outbreak. Smithfield said that it had found no clinical signs of swine flu in its pigs or employees in Mexico, and had no reason to believe that the outbreak was connected to its Mexican facilities. The company said it

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The pigs are housed together in their thousands in identical barns with metal roofs, known as Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). The floors of the buildings are slatted, allowing waste to be flushed into 30-feet-deep "open-air pits the size of two football fields", according to

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Joseph W. Luter III began his expansion of Smithfield in 1981 with the purchase of its main competitor, Gwaltney of Smithfield, for $ 42 million. This was followed by the acquisition of almost 40 companies in the pork, beef, and livestock industries between 1981 and around 2008, including

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formed a joint venture, Align Renewable Natural Gas, in 2018 to make and distribute renewable natural gas from biological sources. The two sides they will invest $ 500 million by 2028. Align harvests methane from Smithfield's farms. It can be mixed and used entirely interchangeably with

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filmed the gestation crates at Smithfield's Circle Four Farms in Milford, Utah. The FBI subsequently raided two animal sanctuaries searching for two piglets removed by the activists. In January 2018 Smithfield released a video of the gestation and farrowing areas on one of its farms.

1629:. Despite statewide attempts to modernize facilities after Hurricane Floyd, more than a hundred and thirty of North Carolina's hog waste lagoons were compromised by floodwaters during Hurricane Florence. Thirty-three lagoons overflowed entirely, discharging their contents into the 1690:

Concerns have been raised about Smithfield's use of low doses of antibiotics to promote the pigs' growth, in addition to using antibiotics as part of a treatment regime. The concern was that the antibiotics were harmful to the animals and were contributing to the rise of

4305:[https://web.archive.org/web/20110710234153/http://www.feedstuffs.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=F4D1A9DFCD974EAD8CD5205E15C1CB42&nm=Breaking+News&type=news&mod=News&mid=A3D60400B4204079A76C4B1B129CB433&tier=3&nid=15F5C3FB42D34EB8AED2EBB3AAA1E1BC Archived 1776:(NLRB) alleged that unfair election conduct had occurred and ordered a new election. During the 1997 election the company is alleged to have fired workers who supported the union, stationed police at the plant gates, and threatened plant closures. In 2000, according to 1655:

conventionally produced natural gas. Align will sell gas collected in Utah to California's low carbon fuel standard market. The two companies aspire to produce enough gas through Align to power 70,000 homes by 2028. Align's first project started serving 3,000 homes in

1532:, awarded 13 plaintiffs $ 825,000 each against a Smithfield subsidiary, Premium Standard, and two other plaintiffs $ 250,000 and $ 75,000. The plaintiffs argued that they were unable to enjoy their property because of the smell coming from the Smithfield facilities. 1585:

North Carolina in the 1990s, 4.7 million gallons of hog fecal matter were released into the state's rivers. Workers and residents near Smithfield plants reported health problems and complained about the stench. The company was fined $ 12.6 million in 1997 by the

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by 2017. Pregnant sows spend most of their lives in these stalls, which are too small to allow them to turn around. Pregnancies last about 115 days; the average life span of a sow in the United States is 4.2 litters. When they give birth, they are moved to a

1934:. The sponsorship was increased to 30 races beginning in 2014. Smithfield rotates its brands on the car, featuring Smithfield, Eckrich, Farmland, Gwaltney, and Nathan's Famous. Smithfield and RPM parted ways in September 2017, allowing Smithfield to sponsor 754:

and the layoff of 139 workers from the site. Smithfield says it closed the plant due to the expiration of its lease and the decision of its landlord to sell. The local union that represented the plant's workers publicly questioned Smithfield's explanation.

595:. In August 2017 Smithfield acquired Pini Polska, Hamburger Pini, and Royal Chicken of Poland, and in September that year it announced that it would purchase two Romanian packaged-meat suppliers, Elit and Vericom. In 2019 it acquired Maier Com in Romania. 4304: 361:

Then known as Shuanghui Group, WH Group purchased Smithfield Foods in 2013 for $ 4.72 billion. It was the largest Chinese acquisition of an American company to date. The acquisition of Smithfield's 146,000 acres of land made WH Group, headquartered in

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In 2016, Smithfield purchased the Californian pork processor Clougherty Packing PLC for $ 145 million, along with its Farmer John and Saag's Specialty Meats brands. Smithfield also acquired PFFJ (Pigs for Farmer John) LLC and three of its farms from

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found in favor of the NLRB. After demonstrations, lockouts, and a shareholder meeting that was disrupted by shareholders supporting the union, the union called for a boycott of Smithfield products. In 2007 Smithfield countered by filing a federal

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flooded lagoons holding fecal matter; many of Smithfield's contract farms were accused of polluting the rivers. Smithfield reached a settlement in 2000 with the state of North Carolina, agreeing to pay the state $ 50 million over 25 years.

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Young, writing in 2001, the acquisitions constituted a "major structural change" in the hog industry in the United States, leaving Smithfield in control of 10–15 percent of the country's hog production. As of 2006 four companies—Smithfield,

3411: 1514:. Killing 114,300 pigs a day, it was the top pig-slaughter operation in the United States in 2007; along with three other companies, it also slaughtered 56 percent of the cattle processed there until it sold its beef group in 2008. 558:, then known as Shuanghui Group and sometimes also Shineway Group, the largest meat producer in China, announced the purchase of Smithfield Foods for $ 4.72 billion, a sale first suggested in 2009. At the time of the deal, 329:

producer in the world. In addition to owning over 500 farms in the US, Smithfield contracts with another 2,000 independent farms around the country to raise Smithfield's pigs. Outside the US, the company has facilities in

762:, by early 2023, and also stated that it is "exploring strategic options to exit its farms in Arizona and California". The company cited the high costs for the company to conduct business within the state of California. 4003: 621:, Farmland, Gwaltney, Healthy Ones, John Morrell, Krakus, Kretschmar, Margherita, Morliny, Nathan's Famous, and Smithfield. In 2019 it introduced Pure Farmland, a plant-based brand of soy burgers and meatballs. 1662:

In 2019, a joint venture, called Monarch Bioenergy, in Northern Missouri with Roeslein Alternative Energy constructed a "low-pressure natural gas transmission line" between a Smithfield farm and the city of

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Since its acquisition by what would become WH Group, Smithfield has partially retooled its plants to export meat for consumption in China. This effort has been at least partially driven by the epidemic of

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described how the Luters would buy 15 hog carcasses a day, cut them up, box them, and sell them to small stores in Newport News and Norfolk. They built the Smithfield Packing Company plant in 1946 on

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although it had 475 million pigs of its own, roughly 60 percent of the global total. According to Lynn Waltz, the Chinese ate 85.3 pounds of pork per person in 2012, compared to 59.3 in the US.

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in 2019. Dominion allows its customers to buy blocks or renewable natural gas from Align in increments of $ 5 on a voluntary basis. One $ 5 increment is worth about half a dekatherm of energy.

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to protect China's hog farmers, who largely have small operations. Pork industry trade groups claim that the United States could export twice as much pork to China if the tariffs were lifted.

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to convert dead pigs into renewable energy, but residents alleged that they regularly overflowed. Residents also feared that the waste stored in the lagoons would leak into the groundwater.

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at the time and joined Smithfield that year. Working in sales, he borrowed enough to buy a further eight-and-a-half percent of the shares, and in 1966 he became chairman and CEO. He told

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the conditions inside of our farms can sometimes be petri dishes for new diseases". Fox Business later had to issue an acknowledgement and retraction of the interview with host

3909: 3607: 2944: 1484:, local farmers had complained for years about headaches from the smell of the pig farms and said that wild dogs had been eating discarded pig carcasses. Smithfield was using 2062: 729:

for three weeks, then artificially inseminated again and moved back to a gestation crate. The practice has been criticized by animal-welfare groups, supermarket chains, and

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Smithfield Foods began its growth in 1981 with the purchase of Gwaltney of Smithfield, followed by the acquisition of nearly 40 companies between then and 2008, including:

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Pork, which the American Heart Association certified for its low fat, salt, and cholesterol content. According to Luter, it was vertical integration that enabled this.

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As of 2006 Smithfield raised 15 million pigs a year and processed 27 million, producing over six billion pounds of pork and, in 2012, 4.7 billion gallons of

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As of 2006 Smithfield raised 15 million pigs a year and processed 27 million, producing over six billion pounds of pork and, in 2012, 4.7 billion gallons of

2927: 700:, to cover the lagoons in North Carolina, Utah and Virginia with "high-density plastic and digesters" to capture the methane gas and direct it into a local pipeline. 4698: 3273:

Prunier, A.; Soede, N.; Quesnel, H.; Kemp, B. (2003). "Productivity and Longevity of Weaned Sows". In Pluske, J. R.; Le Dividich, Jean; Verstegen, M. W. A. (eds.).

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is a mounting concern. As a result of the cases, legislators in Georgia, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Utah, and West Virginia passed or proposed changes to

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in 2007. Smithfield sold its 49 percent share in Butterball in 2008 for an estimated $ 175 million. In 2009 Smithfield was assessed a $ 900,000 penalty by the

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According to Ralph Deptolla, writing for Smithfield Foods, the company created new executive positions to monitor the environmental issues. In 2001 it created an

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received compensatory damages ranging from $ 100 to $ 75,000. In March 2019, 10 plaintiffs were awarded $ 420,000 for nuisance by a jury in North Carolina.

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Joseph W. Luter Jr. served as Smithfield's chief executive officer (CEO) until his death in 1962. He owned 42 percent of the company when he died. His son,

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Rago, Gordon Rago (February 6, 2020). "Smithfield sent 168,000 pigs' worth of meat to China in a few months. That's so much it ran out of freezer space".

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In Poland, Smithfield Foods purchased former state farms for what its CEO said were "small dollars" and turned them into CAFOs using grants from the

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and the following year hired Dennis Treacy, director of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality since 1998, as executive vice-president and

354:. Globally the company employed 50,200 in 2016 and reported an annual revenue of $ 14 billion. Its 973,000-square-foot meat-processing plant in 4639: 2746: 2717: 1974: 1772:(UFCW), which had tried since 1994 to organize the plant's roughly 5,000 hourly workers. Workers voted against the union in 1994 and 1997, but the 1710: 2101: 1597:

in Virginia, the largest penalty levied under the Clean Water Act at that time. Its facilities in North Carolina came under scrutiny in 1999 when

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made, with the resultant injuries to workers. Similar criticism was made by other groups about Smithfield facilities in Poland and Romania. The

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company. The deal included Smithfield's 146,000 acres of land, which made WH Group one of the largest overseas owners of American farmland.

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The company was able to grow as a result of its highly industrialized pig production, confining thousands of pigs in large barns known as

4834: 3144:"Characterization of wastewater from hog slaughterhouses in Eastern Canada and evaluation of their in-plant wastewater treatment systems" 2070: 1675: 1472:, over 600 other residents of La Gloria became ill from a respiratory disease in March that year (later thought to be seasonal flu). The 3568: 2615: 4483: 4730: 3906: 3775: 3543: 2875: 3486: 1829:

Smithfield closed numerous plants in order to help control the spread of the coronavirus. In mid-April 2020 the Smithfield plant in

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The Smithfield Packing plant in Tar Heel, North Carolina, was the site of an almost 15-year dispute between the company and the

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Compa, Lance (2010). "Framing Labor's New Human Rights Movement". In Givan, Rebecca; Roberts, Kenneth; Soule, Sarah A. (eds.).

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Dunn, Elizabeth C. (2005). "Standards and Person-Making in East Central Europe", in Aihwa Ong and Stephen J. Collier (eds.).

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In 2018, Smithfield Foods faced criticism for widely publicized failures of its hog waste lagoons, this time in the wake of

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Smithfield Foods states that the lagoons contain an impervious liner made to withstand leakage. According to Jeff Tietz in

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to settle charges that the company had engaged in illegal merger activity during its takeover of Premium Standard Farms.

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In response, Smithfield stated that it does not tolerate abuse or otherwise improper care of animals. The company asked

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routinely administers flu virus vaccine to its swine herds in Mexico and conducts monthly tests to detect the virus.

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Polansek, Tom (November 5, 2019). "At Smithfield Foods' slaughterhouse, China brings home U.S. bacon". Reuters.

1773: 1757: 1368: 1331: 1326: 844: 1613:. Treacy had previously been involved in enforcement efforts against Smithfield. In 2005 the company received 454:

The company traces its history to 1936, when Joseph W. Luter Sr. and his son, Joseph W. Luter Jr., opened the

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used the report in its appeals to consumers and civil rights groups during its dispute with Smithfield.

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Compa, Lance (2014). "National and International Labour Rights". In Bogg, Alan; Novitz, Tonia (eds.).

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2017; it promoted the brand as free of antibiotics, artificial ingredients, hormones, and steroids.

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Residents alleged that the company regularly violates local environmental regulations. According to

6947: 6533: 6446: 6431: 6386: 5668: 5370: 3994:"Could Smithfield Foods Have Prevented the "Rivers of Hog Waste" in North Carolina After Florence?" 2619: 2371: 2322:

Ralph Deptolla (August 5, 2011). "Smithfield's journey to sustainability: A work in progress".

1850: 1809: 1529: 1393: 1227: 1140: 1125: 1063: 989: 738: 566: 355: 3736: 3590: 2249: 2174: 6874: 6597: 6592: 6483: 6451: 5930: 5787: 4026: 1814: 1291: 1286: 1177: 1145: 527: 464: 6022: 4668:"28 positive cases: Patrick Cudahy plant closing for 2 weeks 'to protect our team from COVID-19" 1721:

that the surrounding land was littered with waste including dangerous objects such as needles."

7085: 6942: 6927: 6869: 6864: 6619: 6550: 6543: 6360: 6355: 6232: 5935: 5807: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5639: 4858:"4 meat workers at a Smithfield plant died from COVID-19 – the feds fined the company $ 13,494" 4031: 2655:

Calamuci, Daniel (Spring 2008). "Return to the Jungle: The Rise and Fall of Meatpacking Work",

2015: 2002: 1924: 1388: 1373: 1244: 1237: 999: 791: 625:

Culinary uses the Carando, Curly's, Eckrich, Farmland, Margherita, and Smithfield brand names.

523: 475: 397: 50: 3957:"Smithfield Foods CSR Report: Commits to Reduce Energy and Water Use, Solid Waste 10% by 2016" 3103: 2796: 2533: 2396: 1781: 1678:

have also partnered to harvest renewable natural gas from wastewater at Smithfield's plant in

7125: 6758: 6538: 5717: 5674: 5330: 4835:"'It's not even a slap on the wrist' – Smithfield Foods fined for failing to protect workers" 3641:"Smithfield Foods Says It Found No Evidence of Swine Influenza at Its Mexican Joint Ventures" 3206: 2412:"Smithfield Foods’ Saratoga Food Specialties Recognized as Yum! Brands’ Supplier of the Year" 1842: 1692: 1232: 1058: 994: 967: 679:. They dispose of effluent at a low cost, but they require large areas and release odors and 573: 3412:"Smithfield Foods Nears 2017 Goal for Conversion to Group Housing Systems for Pregnant Sows" 3143: 1787:

Smithfield appealed the NLRB's ruling that the 1997 election was invalid, and, in 2006, the

7100: 7003: 6839: 6629: 6488: 6441: 5914: 5737: 4677: 3930:"Features: Waterkeeper Alliance and Smithfield Foods Reach Agreement on Environmental Pact" 3507:"FBI raids animal shelters, searching for piglets rescued from factory farm, activists say" 2391:

Seward, Robert A. (2009). "Regulations on Meat Hygiene in the USA," in Fidel Toldrá (ed.),

1619: 1429: 1182: 1135: 804: 751: 663: 634: 515: 444: 310: 112: 86: 4386: 2608: 8: 7027: 6456: 6082: 6042: 5616: 5526: 5442: 2747:"Smithfield Foods and Premium Standard Farms Charged with Illegal Premerger Coordination" 1935: 1899: 1891: 1784:" status under North Carolina law, and in 2003 arrested workers who supported the union. 1674:

to harvest renewable natural gas from its farms in North Carolina. Smithfield, Duke, and

1485: 1465: 1150: 511: 471: 460: 382: 4586:"Smithfield Foods Closes Plant After Nearly 300 Employees Test Positive for Coronavirus" 3826: 3468:"Smithfield Foods delivers on decade-old promise to eliminate pregnant sow stalls in US" 1817:, a trade group of which Smithfield is a member, disputed the claims in the report. The 781: 7015: 6937: 6763: 6679: 6222: 6141: 6067: 5945: 5812: 5752: 5745: 5310: 5211: 5155:"'Suffocating closeness': US judge condemns 'appalling conditions' on industrial farms" 4616: 4435: 4414: 4405: 2660: 2598: 2588: 1883: 1805: 1777: 1626: 1556: 1419: 1383: 972: 854: 759: 610: 402: 351: 2133: 7010: 6607: 6580: 6528: 6498: 5990: 5877: 5599: 5476: 5387: 5162: 4946:"Fox Business News Host Maria issues Correction about Smithfield Foods CEO Interview" 3569:"Smithfield Foods, citing high costs of operating in California, to close pork plant" 2537: 2489: 2455: 2339: 1838: 1461: 1301: 1274: 1222: 1192: 1041: 984: 947: 4756: 4357: 6844: 6802: 6694: 6585: 6493: 6478: 6119: 6037: 5731: 4976:"Maria Bartiromo Duped By Animal Rights Activist Posing as CEO of Smithfield Foods" 4067:"The secret to the happy relationship between Smithfield Foods and Dominion Energy" 4027:"Even after floods and dead pigs, the reckoning of NC hog lagoons is still elusive" 2347: 2331: 1951: 1734: 1279: 1187: 1172: 910: 869: 676: 251: 6077: 2119: 2104:. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. January 3, 2016. p. 67ff. 1543:." In December 2018, several plaintiffs living near a Smithfield contract farm in 483:

him. From then until 1975 he developed a ski resort, Bryce Mountain, in Virginia.

167:

As of 2006 raised 15 million pigs and produced six billion pounds of pork per year

6819: 6555: 6207: 6179: 6149: 6126: 5839: 5825: 5819: 5626: 5501: 5360: 5355: 4308: 3979: 3913: 3647: 3525:"Smithfield Foods unveils new virtual reality video of its group housing systems" 2175:"Animal activists are happy with Smithfield Foods' new housing for pregnant pigs" 1859: 1664: 1651: 1630: 1598: 1590: 1249: 1021: 1006: 942: 925: 726: 721: 713: 697: 546:—were responsible for the production of 70 percent of pork in the United States. 6062: 4699:"What we know about the coronavirus outbreak at Smithfield Foods in Sioux Falls" 4468:

Franklin, Stephen (January 26, 2005). "Rights Group Takes Meatpackers to Task".

3810:"The farm industry is pushing for tighter right-to-farm laws across the country" 3100:

Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems

2250:"Exclusive: China's WH Group targets beef and poultry assets in U.S. and Europe" 6775: 6109: 5634: 4891:"Fox host Maria Bartiromo 'punked' by animal activist posing as Smithfield CEO" 4809:"Workers Sue Smithfield Foods, Allege Conditions Put Them At Risk For COVID-19" 4644: 3998: 2846:"Exclusive: Smithfield's China bidders plan Hong Kong IPO after deal – sources" 2216:"Goliath of the Hog World; Fast Rise of Smithfield Foods Makes Regulators Wary" 2102:"Form 10-K. Smithfield Foods, Inc: Financial statements and supplementary data" 1741: 1544: 1048: 684: 501: 277: 4953: 4923: 3758:"Ag and state reps say nuisance lawyers trying to put farmers out of business" 2680:"Vertical Linkages in Agri-Food Supply Chains in Canada and the United States" 2452:

Hog Wild: The Battle for Workers' Rights at the World's Largest Slaughterhouse

1572: 358:, was said in 2000 to be the world's largest, slaughtering 32,000 pigs a day. 7054: 6969: 6834: 6792: 6738: 6560: 6381: 6154: 6057: 5964: 5759: 5655: 5558: 5432: 5422: 5204: 5166: 2343: 1920: 1879: 1875: 1656: 1321: 1254: 1036: 937: 930: 730: 692: 614: 423: 313:. It operates as an independent subsidiary of the multinational conglomerate 178: 60: 4530:

The Diffusion of Social Movements: Actors, Mechanisms, and Political Effects

4170: 4168: 3871: 3869: 6889: 6748: 6723: 6565: 6523: 6468: 6426: 6302: 6227: 6186: 6174: 6014: 5983: 5604: 5427: 5412: 4703: 4093:"Utah consumers can help hogs, cows improve renewable natural gas movement" 1950:

Smithfield has started marketing meat substitutes similar to those sold by

1854: 1761: 1259: 1217: 1162: 1120: 1077: 1053: 3827:"Smithfield Foods Fined $ 12.6 million, Largest Clean Water Act Fine Ever" 2351: 6879: 6814: 6797: 6770: 6743: 6728: 6704: 6575: 6416: 6344: 6278: 6268: 6237: 6191: 6164: 6131: 6052: 6047: 6032: 5846: 5832: 5773: 5724: 5710: 5681: 5563: 5543: 5461: 5450: 5417: 5324: 5282: 5257: 4507: 4165: 3973:"Smithfield Foods Releases Annual Corporate Social Responsibility Report" 3866: 3028:"Smithfield Foods Rebrands Foodservice Business as "Smithfield Culinary"" 1671: 1618:

Smithfield subsidiary Murphy-Brown reached an agreement in 2006 with the

1594: 1536: 1498: 1269: 1095: 1085: 1026: 1011: 920: 905: 879: 773: 535: 3847: 2664: 2372:"Defecation Nation: Pig Waste Likely to Rise in U.S. from Business Deal" 716:. This image was taken inside a Smithfield facility in Virginia in 2010. 39: 6570: 6518: 6513: 6396: 6283: 6273: 6092: 6072: 5898: 5891: 5857: 5852: 5649: 5548: 5521: 5511: 5481: 5456: 5345: 4036: 3322:"Smithfield Foods moves to end use of breeding crates on company farms" 1264: 1212: 1207: 1100: 1090: 979: 957: 952: 519: 415:, and controlling the animals' development from conception to packing. 217: 181:, Eckrich, Gwaltney, John Morrell, Krakus, and Smithfield, among others 4407:

Blood, Sweat and Fear: Workers' Rights in U.S. Meat and Poultry Plants

3661:"Attention turns to La Gloria in search to determine swine flu source" 2335: 1890:

to the tune of $ 80 million. According to Reuters, the group included

6780: 6508: 6169: 6104: 5904: 5766: 5687: 5663: 5611: 5594: 5586: 5582: 5531: 5516: 5506: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5392: 5365: 5350: 5138:

Putting Meat on the American Table: Taste, Technology, Transformation

5131:

Righteous Porkchop: Finding a Life and Good Food Beyond Factory Farms

4672: 3776:"Judge rules no punishing Smithfield Foods in hog farm nuisance case" 3057:

Putting Meat on the American Table: Taste, Technology, Transformation

2266:"Who’s behind the Chinese takeover of world’s biggest pork producer?" 1970: 1895: 1614: 1202: 708: 4532:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 65 (pp. 56–77). 3844:, lawyersandsettlements.com, March 13, 2007, attributed to ABC News. 3399:"Smithfield progresses toward transition away from gestation crates" 3070:

The Takeover: Chicken Farming and the Roots of American Agribusiness

2636:"Smithfield Foods execs to pocket more than $ 85M from Chinese sale" 633:

Smithfield began buying hog-farming operations in 1990, making it a

309:, is an American pork producer and food-processing company based in 6473: 6087: 6027: 5940: 5801: 5471: 5316: 5245: 4862: 4731:"Smithfield Fined $ 13,494 by OSHA After Worker Infections, Deaths" 4131:"Smithfield, RAE invest more resources into Missouri RNG project". 4118:"Smithfield Foods completes natural gas transmission line in Milan" 2281:

Hettinger, Jonathan; Holly, Robert; Meers, Jelter (July 15, 2017).

1718: 1167: 555: 448: 370:

province, one of the largest overseas owners of American farmland.

347: 314: 282: 90: 5573: 5002:"Smithfield's China deal spurs heparin heart drug safety concerns" 4559:"Smithfield Foods closes Sioux Falls plant amid COVID-19 outbreak" 4547:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 369–370 (pp. 364–380). 3625:"La Gloria, swine flu's ground zero, is left with legacy of anger" 3173:"Companies launch plan to capture methane from hog manure lagoons" 2928:"Smithfield Foods Completes Acquisition of Clougherty Packing LLC" 2912:"Smithfield Foods completes acquisition of Clougherty Packing LLC" 2718:

Company News: Smithfield in Stock Deal for Tyson's Hog Operations"

1593:

after discharging illegal levels of slaughterhouse waste into the

6829: 6785: 6753: 6217: 5553: 5466: 5340: 4783:"Smithfield's largest slaughterhouse struggling to contain virus" 3795:"Another loss for Smithfield in North Carolina nuisance lawsuits" 1954:. Smithfield sells these products under the Pure Farmland brand. 1871: 1764:

meets Smithfield workers, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, June 2007.

1016: 962: 680: 618: 543: 539: 377: 343: 339: 293: 4612:"State sees 121 new COVID-19 cases; 88 more at Smithfield Foods" 3737:"Do hog farms make their neighbors ill? Jurors may decide soon." 2945:"China's WH Group to buy Romanian meat producers in Europe push" 6807: 6733: 6401: 6391: 5275: 5269: 5251: 5239: 4807:

Valdivia, Sebastian Martinez; Margolies, Dan (April 24, 2020).

3544:"Smithfield Foods to close San Jose plant, lay off 139 workers" 3434:"Smithfield makes more progress on gestation-crate-free pledge" 2779:"China's appetite for pork spurs $ 4.7 billion Smithfield deal" 1928: 1878:, to the pharmaceutical industry. In 2017 the company opened a 1511: 915: 758:

In June 2022, Smithfield announced the closure of its plant in

592: 500:/Schluderberg-Kurdle in Baltimore, Valley Dale in Roanoke, and 497: 419: 335: 331: 6313: 5049:"Danica Patrick done at Stewart-Haas after '17, future unsure" 4179:

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3880:

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3858:

sfn error: no target: CITEREFDeptolla_(Smithfield_Foods)2011 (

2975:"Large meat producer announces another acquisition in Romania" 6824: 6263: 6114: 5382: 5263: 5189: 4545:

Voices at Work: Continuity and Change in the Common Law World

1849:

On December 23, 2020, animal rights activist Matt Johnson of

1031: 712:

Sows used for breeding are confined in 7 ft x 2 ft

367: 363: 234: 3907:"Smithfield Foods facilities obtain ISO 14001 certification" 3203:

Farm Animal Welfare: Social, Bioethical, and Research Issues

6715: 6503: 5407: 5402: 5026:"Smithfield makes move on market for pig-human transplants" 4321:"Smithfield Foods fires three workers after pig farm probe" 4174: 3875: 3853: 3449:"Smithfield Foods moves to group housing for pregnant pigs" 1457: 1197: 897: 720:

Smithfield said in 2007 that it would phase out its use of

326: 321:

by Joseph W. Luter and his son, the company is the largest

148: 4640:"World's Top Por.k Company Closes Plants in Domino Effect" 3608:"For La Gloria, the stench of blame is from pig factories" 3242:"McDonald's Set to Phase Out Suppliers’ Use of Sow Crates" 1559:

that reduce either the right to sue or potential damages.

750:

In 2020, Smithfield announced the closure of its plant in

582:

company's future as a "consumer-packaged goods business".

6006: 5397: 5335: 5301: 5290: 5227: 4148:"Smithfield's Bladen Plant Now Turns Hog Waste To Energy" 3944:, Senate Committee on Government Affairs, March 13, 2002. 3302:"Smithfield continues shift away from 'gestation stalls'" 3059:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 134. 2776: 2231:

De la Merced, Michael J.; Barboza, David (May 29, 2013).

1915:

In 2012, Smithfield announced a 15-race sponsorship with

1874:, which is extracted from pigs' intestines and used as a 322: 7076:

Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange

3487:"Animal Welfare Groups Have a New Tool: Virtual Reality" 2819:"U.S. approves Chinese company's purchase of Smithfield" 2749:, United States Department of Justice, January 21, 2010. 2063:"Boss Hog: The Dark Side of America's Top Pork Producer" 5196: 5063:"Aric Almirola earns first Top-10 of season in Fontana" 4372: 4370: 4338:"State veterinarian approves Smithfield's pig handling" 3436:. Humane Society of the United States. January 8, 2018. 3272: 628: 490: 5975: 4463: 4461: 3337:

Niman, Bill; Hahn Niman, Nicollete (August 26, 2009).

3072:. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, p. 72. 2276: 2274: 4484:"Human Rights Group Criticizes Meat Packing Industry" 3190:"Rolling Stone's 'Bosshog' Article: Fiction vs. Fact" 2562:"Great-grandson of Smithfield founder leaves company" 4757:"The untold story behind America's biggest outbreak" 4432:"Abuses Against Workers Taint U.S. Meat and Poultry" 4367: 3942:"Testimony of Richard J. Dove, Waterkeeper Alliance" 3531:. January 8, 2018. (Smithfield Foods press release). 3289:"Smithfield to stop using gestation crates for pigs" 577:

Smithfield/Circle Four pig farms in the Utah desert.

4458: 3720:"Jury awards plaintiffs $ 11M total in hog lawsuit" 3051: 3049: 2993:"Pork producer Smithfield Foods to open restaurant" 2500: 2454:. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. p. 11. 2280: 2271: 585: 549: 4404: 4195:"Food company aims to curb antibiotic use in pork" 3829:, Environmental Protection Agency, August 8, 1997. 3653: 3277:. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers. 3166: 3164: 2958:"Smithfield to buy three Romanian meat facilities" 2825: 2789: 2555: 2553: 2530:Vault Guide to the Top Consumer Products Employers 2365: 2363: 2361: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2145: 2143: 1780:, Smithfield set up its own security force, with " 5032:"'Big Pork' Wants to Get In on Organ Transplants" 4806: 4292:"Smithfield fires 3 workers for mistreating pigs" 3751: 3749: 3316: 3314: 3081:Carvajal, Doreen; Castle, Stephen (May 5, 2009). 2777:Thomas, Denny & Oran, Olivia (May 29, 2013). 2634:Biesheuvel, Thomas; Casey, Simon (May 31, 2013). 2407: 2405: 2283:"Foreign Investment in U.S. Farmland on the Rise" 2151:"Smithfield Foods to buy Farmer John from Hormel" 560:China was one of the US's largest pork importers, 522:(the poultry producer), Brown’s of Carolina, and 7052: 4523: 4521: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4379:"After 15 Years, North Carolina Plant Unionizes" 4258:"Humane Society says Smithfield mistreated pigs" 3348: 3046: 3002: 1975:United States Securities and Exchange Commission 1711:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 4666:Polcyn, Bryan; DeLong, Katie (April 15, 2020). 4287: 4285: 4277:"Humane Society Claims Pigs Abused at Va. Farm" 4208:"Smithfield Launches Antibiotic-Free Pork Line" 3985: 3678:"Swine flu: is intensive pig farming to blame?" 3262:(2nd ed.). Ramsbury: Crowood. p. 124. 3161: 2844:Saeed, Azhar; Aldred, Stephen (July 16, 2013). 2674: 2672: 2633: 2550: 2488:Ernsberger, Jr., Richard (September 25, 2009). 2487: 2358: 2315: 2233:"Needing Pork, China Is to Buy a U.S. Supplier" 2161: 2140: 2014:The other companies were American Foods Group, 2001:The other companies were American Foods Group, 675:. These are referred to within the industry as 609:As of July 2017, the company's brands included 565:Shuanghui said it would list Smithfield on the 5781:Butareba: The Story of a Man Turned into a Pig 4536: 4018: 3746: 3311: 3010:"Smithfield Foods launching plant-based brand" 2402: 2321: 27:Chinese-owned American meat processing company 6329: 5991: 5212: 4518: 4494: 4060: 4058: 3837: 3835: 3591:"From Édgar, 5, Coughs Heard Round the World" 2760:"Smithfield Buys Carroll's For $ 500 Million" 2693:"Smithfield Buys Carroll's For $ 500 Million" 2678:Hobbs, Jill E.; Young, Linda M. (June 2001). 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2387: 2385: 2324:Global Business and Organizational Excellence 1942:in a multi-year agreement with the company. 1841:that makes bacon and sausage, and a plant in 1437: 459:Martin of Richmond. In an interview in 2009, 434: 7081:Food and drink companies established in 1936 4665: 4455:, Smithfield Packing Company, June 15, 2006. 4282: 3426: 3220:"Largest Pork Processor to Phase Out Crates" 3083:"A U.S. Hog Giant Transforms Eastern Europe" 2735:"Smithfield to sell its stake in Butterball" 2669: 2527: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 5089:"Impossible Foods Slashes Wholesale Prices" 5080: 4139: 4124: 3561: 3397:Shapiro, Michael Welles (January 4, 2013). 3236: 3234: 3232: 2843: 2651: 2649: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2305:"Timeline: The history of Smithfield Foods" 2108: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 7116:American subsidiaries of foreign companies 6336: 6322: 5998: 5984: 5219: 5205: 5054: 4376: 4055: 3832: 3542:Doering, Christopher (February 11, 2020). 3495:], Direct Action Everywhere, July 6, 2017. 3404: 3275:Weaning the Pig: Concepts and Consequences 3141: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 2890: 2888: 2468: 2382: 2260: 2258: 2248:Polansek, Tom; Zhu, Julie (June 8, 2017). 2194:, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 1752: 1724: 1704: 1444: 1430: 514:of Kansas City was added in 2003, as were 38: 4826: 4754: 4352: 4350: 3932:, Waterkeeper Alliance, January 20, 2006. 3401:, McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. 3019: 2512: 2423: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 4583: 4467: 4426: 4424: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4377:Greenhouse, Steven (December 12, 2008). 4090: 3693: 3687: 3505:Moyer, Justin Wm. (September 14, 2017). 3287:Felberbaum, Michael (December 8, 2011). 3229: 3025: 2896:"Smithfield Foods: Dawn of a golden age" 2876:"Circle Four changes name to Smithfield" 2685: 2646: 2572: 2297: 2077: 1819:United Food and Commercial Workers Union 1770:United Food and Commercial Workers Union 1756: 1645: 1571: 707: 653: 572: 438: 5795:Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks 5051:, Associated Press, September 12, 2017. 5024:Julie Steenhuysen and Michael Hirtzer, 4833:Kellett, William (September 14, 2020). 4832: 4637: 4084: 4006:from the original on September 30, 2018 3820: 3807: 3792: 3541: 3383:"Pork industry gives sows room to move" 3205:. Iowa State University Press, p. 3109: 2885: 2812: 2810: 2737:, Associated Press, September 10, 2010. 2255: 2172: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 1985: 1983: 1824: 765: 467:. By 1959 they had a workforce of 650. 14: 7106:Sausage companies of the United States 7053: 5152: 4855: 4780: 4609: 4508:"U.S. Meatpacking Industry Under Fire" 4358:"Firms Use RICO to Fight Union Tactics 4347: 4294:, Associated Press, December 21, 2010. 4279:, Associated Press, December 15, 2010. 4272: 4270: 4145: 4064: 4043:from the original on November 23, 2018 4024: 3992:Bethea, Charles (September 30, 2018). 3991: 3952: 3950: 3755: 3698: 3465: 3446: 3257: 3240:Strom, Stephanie (February 13, 2012). 3170: 2858:Stabenow, Debbie (September 4, 2013). 2816: 2559: 2197: 1910: 1636: 1524:Litigation related to Smithfield Foods 745: 649: 413:concentrated animal feeding operations 6317: 5979: 5200: 5086: 4870:from the original on February 3, 2021 4755:Lussenhop, Jessica (April 17, 2020). 4542: 4527: 4505: 4421: 4393: 3935: 3768: 3600: 3583: 3504: 3484: 3357:"Sow Stall Conversion Process Update" 3126:"Mexicans Blame Industrial Hog Farms" 3102:. New York: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 2831: 2506: 2449: 2369: 2264:Woodruff, Judy (September 12, 2014). 2060: 1800: 1562: 391:Murphy Family Farms of North Carolina 7022: 5124:Smithfield: Ham Capital of the World 4442:from the original on April 27, 2019. 4242:"'Shocking' farms raise pigs for UK" 3782:. North Carolina. December 13, 2018. 3704: 3535: 3355:Pope, C. Larry (December 17, 2011). 3354: 3171:Mufson, Steven (November 27, 2018). 2807: 2041: 1980: 1505: 629:Vertical integration, contract farms 603: 518:, ConAgra Foods Refrigerated Meats, 491:Mergers and acquisitions (1981–2007) 7096:Meat companies of the United States 7034: 5153:Yeoman, Barry (November 20, 2020). 5014:, 94(40), October 10, 2016, 30–34. 4856:Gibson, Kate (September 11, 2020). 4723: 4267: 4206:Freese, Betsy (February 20, 2017). 4065:Golden, Sarah (February 14, 2020). 4025:Buford, Talia (November 23, 2018). 3947: 3793:Dalesio, Emery P. (March 8, 2019). 3466:Sauers, Elisha (January 23, 2018). 3008:Watrous, Monica (August 13, 2019). 2894:Hanacek, Andy (February 13, 2017). 2293:from the original on April 8, 2020. 2185: 1945: 1888:United States Department of Defense 1865: 1731:Humane Society of the United States 1456:The earliest confirmed case of the 24: 6885:Environmental impact of irrigation 5140:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 5109: 4584:Lardieri, Alexa (April 13, 2020). 4506:Grant, Jeremy (January 26, 2005). 4225:"Cheap meat comes at a high price" 4197:, Associated Press, April 8, 2005. 3982:, Smithfield Foods, July 22, 2010. 3676:Lucas, Caroline (April 28, 2009). 3359:. Smithfield Foods. Archived from 3300:Walzer, Philip (January 4, 2013). 3218:Kaufman, Marc (January 26, 2007). 3026:Schaulis, Robert (April 3, 2019). 2860:"Protect American food innovation" 2817:Palmer, Doug (September 6, 2013). 2618:. Smithfield Foods. Archived from 2607:. Smithfield Foods. Archived from 2597:. Smithfield Foods. Archived from 2587:. Smithfield Foods. Archived from 2370:Maron, Dina Fine (July 12, 2013). 1747: 1589:(EPA) for 6,900 violations of the 25: 7137: 5181: 5060: 4888: 4638:Attwood, James (April 26, 2020). 4610:Matzen, Morgan (April 14, 2020). 4356:Maher, Kris (December 10, 2007). 4146:Boraks, David (January 8, 2020). 3606:Foley, Stephen (April 29, 2009). 3485:Strom, Stephanie (July 6, 2017). 3447:Bozick, Tara (January 24, 2018). 3151:Canadian Agricultural Engineering 2659:, 17(1) (pp. 66–77), p. 73. 2560:Walzer, Phil (October 13, 2013). 2393:Safety of Meat and Processed Meat 2173:Diamond, Max (January 18, 2018). 2061:Tietz, Jeff (December 14, 2006). 1699: 7033: 7021: 7009: 6998: 6997: 6297: 6296: 5959: 5958: 5572: 5042: 5018: 4994: 4968: 4938: 4908: 4882: 4849: 4800: 4774: 4748: 4691: 4659: 4631: 4603: 4577: 4551: 4476: 4446: 4330: 4313: 4297: 4251: 4240:Anthony Barnett and Urmee Khan, 4234: 4217: 4200: 4187: 4175:Deptolla (Smithfield Foods) 2011 4110: 4091:Shenfelt, Mark (March 3, 2020). 3966: 3923: 3900: 3888: 3876:Deptolla (Smithfield Foods) 2011 3854:Deptolla (Smithfield Foods) 2011 3808:Douglas, Leah (April 11, 2019). 3735:Murawski, John (28 April 2017). 3320:Murphy, Ryan (January 7, 2015). 3142:Massé, D. I.; Massé, L. (2000). 2991:Walzer, Philip (July 10, 2012). 2424:Delesline, Nate (July 7, 2021). 2214:Barboza, David (April 7, 2000). 1862:, admitting they "were punked." 1670:Smithfield also has a deal with 1413: 780: 703: 586:Mergers and acquisitions (2016-) 550:2013 purchase by Shuanghui Group 258: 257: 241: 240: 224: 223: 207: 206: 190: 189: 7061:1936 establishments in Virginia 6953:Agriculture and the environment 6690:British Agricultural Revolution 6343: 5864:The Tale of Little Pig Robinson 5012:Chemical & Engineering News 3801: 3786: 3756:Sammon, John (August 7, 2018). 3729: 3713: 3670: 3634: 3617: 3517: 3498: 3478: 3459: 3440: 3391: 3375: 3331: 3294: 3281: 3266: 3251: 3212: 3195: 3183: 3135: 3092: 3075: 3062: 2985: 2967: 2951: 2937: 2921: 2905: 2869: 2852: 2837: 2770: 2752: 2740: 2727: 2711: 2627: 2443: 2417: 2414:. GlobeNewsWire, July 20, 2017. 2242: 2225: 2021: 2008: 1995: 1607:environmental management system 1587:Environmental Protection Agency 1399:Agriculture and the environment 865:British Agricultural Revolution 443:Smithfield processing plant in 7121:Isle of Wight County, Virginia 6897:Climate change and agriculture 6670:Agriculture in the Middle Ages 6098:Valle d'Aosta Jambon de Bosses 5129:Hahn Niman, Nicolette (2010). 5122:Evans-Hylton, Patrick (2004). 3659:Tuckman, Jo (April 29, 2009). 3623:Tuckman, Jo (April 23, 2010). 3589:Lacey, Marc (April 28, 2009). 2192:Subsidiaries, Smithfield Foods 2126: 2116:"About Us: Company Operations" 1964: 1774:National Labor Relations Board 1685: 1464:was in a five-year-old boy in 845:Agriculture in the Middle Ages 13: 1: 7066:2013 mergers and acquisitions 6213:Boar's Head Provision Company 5087:Owusu, Tony (March 3, 2020). 3339:"Looking Out For All Animals" 2426:"New Foods leader takes over" 2035: 1680:Bladen County, North Carolina 1460:virus (swine flu) during the 598: 6675:Arab Agricultural Revolution 4781:Barnes, Greg (May 1, 2020). 4453:"Statement on NLRB decision" 3381:Carmen, Tim (May 29, 2012). 3192:, Smithfield Foods, undated. 1905: 1870:Smithfield is a supplier of 1611:chief sustainability officer 1578:chief sustainability officer 1576:Stewart Leeth, Smithfield's 1567: 850:Arab Agricultural Revolution 7: 7071:Companies based in Virginia 6248:The Honey Baked Ham Company 5028:, Reuters, April 11, 2017. 3260:Pigs: A Guide to Management 3201:Rollin, Bernard E. (1995). 3068:Gisolfi, Monica R. (2017). 2118:. W H Group. Archived from 1833:became a "hotspot" for the 1789:US Circuit Court of Appeals 1715:Compassion in World Farming 1517: 72:; 88 years ago 10: 7142: 6635:Agriculture in Mesoamerica 5115:Eisnitz, Gail A. (2006) . 5004:, Reuters, July 25, 2013. 4787:North Carolina Health News 3132:, May 10, 2009, p. 2. 3034:. Vantage Point Media, LLC 1521: 1491: 810:Agriculture in Mesoamerica 456:Smithfield Packing Company 435:Founding and early history 429: 319:Smithfield Packing Company 83:Smithfield Packing Company 6994: 6985:Universities and colleges 6961: 6905: 6853: 6714: 6618: 6603:Universities and colleges 6415: 6408: 6374: 6351: 6292: 6256: 6200: 6140: 6013: 5954: 5923: 5871:The Tale of Pigling Bland 5625: 5581: 5570: 5300: 5234: 4709:Sioux Falls, South Dakota 3650:, Smithfield Foods, 2009. 3258:Beynon, Neville (2014) . 1917:Richard Petty Motorsports 1831:Sioux Falls, South Dakota 1337:Universities and colleges 1297:Universities and colleges 516:Sara Lee's European Meats 394:Circle Four Farms of Utah 317:. Founded in 1936 as the 288: 276: 266: 249: 232: 215: 198: 185: 174: 158: 138: 128: 118: 107: 97: 66: 56: 46: 37: 6970:Agriculturist profession 6447:Agricultural engineering 6432:Agricultural cooperative 5226: 5143:Wise, Steven M. (2009). 5136:Horowitz, Roger (2005). 5006:Jean-François Tremblay, 3055:Horowitz, Roger (2005). 2900:The National Provisioner 1957: 1851:Direct Action Everywhere 1530:Jackson County, Missouri 1322:Agriculturist profession 1141:Agricultural engineering 1126:Agricultural cooperative 739:Direct Action Everywhere 593:Hormel Foods Corporation 567:Hong Kong Stock Exchange 356:Tar Heel, North Carolina 228:US$ 452.3 million (2015) 211:US$ 793.8 million (2015) 7111:Smithfield Foods brands 6875:Agricultural wastewater 6598:Sustainable food system 6593:Sustainable agriculture 6484:Animal-free agriculture 6452:Agricultural technology 6005: 5931:List of individual pigs 5788:Fair, then Partly Piggy 4325:Richmond Times-Dispatch 4262:Richmond Times-Dispatch 4032:The News & Observer 3741:The News & Observer 2640:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 2179:The News & Observer 1815:American Meat Institute 1753:1994–2008 union dispute 1725:2010 HSUS investigation 1705:2006 CIWF investigation 1292:Sustainable food system 1287:Sustainable agriculture 1178:Animal-free agriculture 1146:Agricultural technology 528:U.S. Justice Department 194:US$ 14.4 billion (2015) 6975:Agricultural machinery 6933:History of agriculture 6918:Agriculture by country 6913:Agricultural machinery 6870:Agricultural pollution 6865:Agricultural expansion 6640:Austronesian expansion 6551:Mechanised agriculture 6233:Meat Products of India 5936:List of fictional pigs 5640:Flitch of bacon custom 5438:Religious restrictions 5126:. Arcadia Publishing. 4307:July 10, 2011, at the 3978:July 16, 2011, at the 2622:on September 10, 2012. 2601:on September 18, 2012. 2016:Cargill Meat Solutions 2003:Cargill Meat Solutions 1765: 1581: 1420:Agriculture portal 1379:History of agriculture 1364:Agriculture by country 1359:Agricultural machinery 1327:Agricultural machinery 1245:Mechanised agriculture 815:Austronesian expansion 717: 667: 578: 524:Premium Standard Farms 504:in Milwaukee in 1984. 476:Wake Forest University 451: 398:Premium Standard Farms 307:Smithfield Foods, Inc. 262:US$ 4.8 billion (2015) 245:US$ 9.9 billion (2015) 33:Smithfield Foods, Inc. 6980:Government ministries 6923:Agriculture companies 6759:Convertible husbandry 6437:Agricultural supplies 6387:Agricultural Engineer 5718:Babe: Pig in the City 5675:The Three Little Pigs 5008:"Making heparin safe" 4735:news.bloomberglaw.com 4389:on September 8, 2012. 3724:Missouri Farmer Today 2964:, September 26, 2017. 2733:Felberbaum, Michael. 2724:, September 30, 1999. 2532:. Vault Inc. p. 2528:Turner, Tyya (2007). 1843:Martin City, Missouri 1760: 1729:In December 2010 the 1646:Smithfield Renewables 1575: 1369:Agriculture companies 1332:Government ministries 1131:Agricultural supplies 968:Convertible husbandry 711: 657: 635:vertically integrated 613:, Berlinki, Carando, 576: 442: 111:200 Commerce Street, 6630:Neolithic Revolution 6489:Cellular agriculture 6442:Agricultural science 6160:Fläsklägg med rotmos 6023:Ammerländer Schinken 5738:Empress of Blandings 5119:. Prometheus Books. 4964:– via YouTube. 4956:on December 26, 2020 4934:– via YouTube. 4926:on December 23, 2020 4678:Milwaukee, Wisconsin 4438:. January 24, 2005. 4327:, December 21, 2010. 4264:, December 16, 2010. 4135:. February 20, 2020. 3961:Environmental Leader 3814:The New Food Economy 2616:"Corporate Officers" 2450:Waltz, Lynn (2018). 2395:. Springer, p. 2157:. November 21, 2016. 1886:group funded by the 1825:Coronavirus outbreak 1693:antibiotic-resistant 1620:Waterkeeper Alliance 1183:Cellular agriculture 1136:Agricultural science 805:Neolithic Revolution 766:Operations in Mexico 752:San Jose, California 664:Unionville, Missouri 311:Smithfield, Virginia 113:Smithfield, Virginia 103:Joseph W. Luter, Jr. 101:Joseph W. Luter, Sr. 6043:Chipped chopped ham 5443:Scottish pork taboo 5146:An American Trilogy 4982:. December 23, 2020 4490:. January 25, 2005. 4417:. January 25, 2005. 4362:Wall Street Journal 4344:, January 10, 2011. 4342:The Virginian-Pilot 4133:National Hog Farmer 3707:The Virginian-PIlot 3529:National Hog Farmer 3511:The Washington Post 3472:The Virginian-Pilot 3422:on January 7, 2017. 3386:The Washington Post 3306:The Virginian-Pilot 3291:, Associated Press. 3224:The Washington Post 3177:The Washington Post 3130:The Washington Post 2997:The Virginian-Pilot 2981:. February 5, 2019. 2979:Romania-Insider.com 2697:National Hog Farmer 2566:The Virginian Pilot 2376:Scientific American 2309:The Virginian-Pilot 1936:Stewart-Haas Racing 1923:driving the No. 43 1911:Sports sponsorships 1900:United Therapeutics 1892:Abbott Laboratories 1853:was interviewed on 1637:Packaging reduction 1528:In 2010, a jury in 1482:The Washington Post 1470:The Washington Post 1064:Steam sterilization 746:California closures 673:The Washington Post 650:Housing and lagoons 540:Swift & Company 472:Joseph W. Luter III 461:Joseph W. Luter III 268:Number of employees 34: 6764:Rotational grazing 6680:Columbian exchange 6223:E. M. Todd Company 5946:Pigasus (politics) 5808:Olivia (character) 5746:My Brother the Pig 4889:Burke, Minyvonne. 4617:Rapid City Journal 4488:The New York Times 4436:Human Rights Watch 4415:Human Rights Watch 4383:The New York Times 4212:Successful Farming 3912:2011-07-15 at the 3895:"Dennis H. Treacy" 3842:"Smithfield Foods" 3646:2009-05-03 at the 3595:The New York Times 3491:The New York Times 3246:The New York Times 3087:The New York Times 3014:Food Business News 2934:, January 3, 2017. 2882:, August 29, 2015. 2722:The New York Times 2237:The New York Times 2220:The New York Times 2122:on April 27, 2019. 2073:on March 30, 2017. 1884:tissue engineering 1882:unit and joined a 1806:Human Rights Watch 1801:Working conditions 1778:Human Rights Watch 1766: 1627:Hurricane Florence 1582: 1563:Environment impact 1557:right-to-farm laws 973:Rotational grazing 855:Columbian exchange 760:Vernon, California 718: 668: 579: 452: 352:the United Kingdom 32: 7091:Intensive farming 7048: 7047: 6608:Urban agriculture 6581:Rice-duck farming 6529:Intensive farming 6499:Extensive farming 6311: 6310: 5973: 5972: 5885:Toot & Puddle 5878:This Little Piggy 5645:Floyd of Rosedale 5331:Intensive farming 5149:. Da Capo Press. 5133:. HarperCollins. 5067:Kickin' the Tires 4223:Tracy Worcester, 4193:Riha, Carol Ann. 4120:. August 5, 2019. 2962:NationalHogFarmer 2916:NationalHogFarmer 2764:NationalHogFarmer 2642:. Bloomberg News. 2611:on July 18, 2011. 2591:on July 18, 2011. 2461:978-1-60938-585-9 2336:10.1002/JOE.20401 1932:Sprint Cup Series 1919:(RPM) and driver 1839:Cudahy, Wisconsin 1835:COVID-19 pandemic 1506:Production volume 1462:2009 flu pandemic 1454: 1453: 1302:Urban agriculture 1275:Rice-duck farming 1223:Intensive farming 1193:Extensive farming 677:anaerobic lagoons 604:Employees, brands 554:On May 29, 2013, 304: 303: 160:Production output 134:Shane Smith (CEO) 16:(Redirected from 7133: 7037: 7036: 7025: 7024: 7013: 7001: 7000: 6845:Wildlife farming 6695:Green Revolution 6646:Ancient history 6586:Rice-fish system 6494:Contract farming 6479:Animal husbandry 6338: 6331: 6324: 6315: 6314: 6300: 6299: 6257:Related articles 6243:Smithfield Foods 6120:Speck Alto Adige 6038:Black Forest ham 6000: 5993: 5986: 5977: 5976: 5962: 5961: 5732:Blandings Castle 5576: 5540: 5453: 5379: 5327: 5313: 5221: 5214: 5207: 5198: 5197: 5193: 5192: 5190:Official website 5177: 5175: 5173: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5040: 5022: 5016: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4952:. 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Archived from 4374: 4365: 4354: 4345: 4336:Walzer, Philip. 4334: 4328: 4319:Green, Kristen. 4317: 4311: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4280: 4274: 4265: 4255: 4249: 4248:, April 2, 2006. 4238: 4232: 4231:, March 9, 2011. 4221: 4215: 4204: 4198: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4172: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4143: 4137: 4136: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4088: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4062: 4053: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4011: 3989: 3983: 3970: 3964: 3963:, July 23, 2010. 3954: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3885: 3873: 3864: 3863: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3790: 3784: 3783: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3753: 3744: 3733: 3727: 3726:, March 5, 2010. 3717: 3711: 3710: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3685: 3674: 3668: 3657: 3651: 3638: 3632: 3621: 3615: 3604: 3598: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3502: 3496: 3494: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3463: 3457: 3456: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3418:. Archived from 3416:Smithfield Foods 3408: 3402: 3395: 3389: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3363:on April 8, 2012 3352: 3346: 3335: 3329: 3318: 3309: 3298: 3292: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3255: 3249: 3238: 3227: 3216: 3210: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3168: 3159: 3158: 3148: 3139: 3133: 3124:Fainaru, Steve. 3122: 3107: 3096: 3090: 3079: 3073: 3066: 3060: 3053: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3032:Deli Market News 3023: 3017: 3006: 3000: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2971: 2965: 2955: 2949: 2948: 2941: 2935: 2925: 2919: 2909: 2903: 2892: 2883: 2873: 2867: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2814: 2805: 2804: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2766:. 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PBC Newshour. 2263: 2256: 2247: 2243: 2230: 2226: 2213: 2198: 2190: 2186: 2171: 2162: 2149: 2148: 2141: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2100: 2099: 2078: 2059: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2032: 2028:receive grants. 2026: 2022: 2013: 2009: 2000: 1996: 1988: 1981: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1948: 1913: 1908: 1868: 1860:Maria Bartiromo 1827: 1803: 1755: 1750: 1748:Labor relations 1727: 1707: 1702: 1688: 1665:Milan, Missouri 1652:Dominion Energy 1650:Smithfield and 1648: 1639: 1631:Cape Fear River 1599:Hurricane Floyd 1591:Clean Water Act 1570: 1565: 1526: 1520: 1508: 1494: 1450: 1414: 1412: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1394:Poultry farming 1351: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1316: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1250:Organic farming 1115: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1080: 1070: 1069: 1068: 900: 890: 889: 888: 887: 886: 861:Modern history 841:Post-classical 794: 768: 748: 727:farrowing crate 706: 698:Dominion Energy 652: 631: 606: 601: 588: 559: 552: 493: 480:Virginia Living 437: 432: 403:Nathan's Famous 292: 269: 250: 233: 220: 203: 170: 161: 154: 145:Meat processing 131: 121: 102: 93:, United States 76: 74: 71: 61:Meat processing 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7139: 7129: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7031: 7019: 7007: 6995: 6992: 6991: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6966: 6965: 6963: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6909: 6907: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6899: 6894: 6893: 6892: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6861: 6859: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6811: 6810: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6789: 6788: 6778: 6776:Insect farming 6773: 6768: 6767: 6766: 6761: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6720: 6718: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6708: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6684: 6683: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6664: 6663: 6662: 6657: 6655:Ancient Greece 6652: 6644: 6643: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6624: 6622: 6616: 6615: 6611: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6589: 6588: 6583: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6547: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6465: 6464: 6459: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6413: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6378: 6376: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6341: 6340: 6333: 6326: 6318: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6293: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6204: 6202: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6183: 6182: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6146: 6144: 6138: 6137: 6135: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6123: 6122: 6112: 6110:Smithfield ham 6107: 6102: 6101: 6100: 6090: 6085: 6083:Njeguški pršut 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6019: 6017: 6011: 6010: 6003: 6002: 5995: 5988: 5980: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5967: 5965:Category: Pigs 5955: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5927: 5925: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5917: 5912: 5910:Hamilton Hocks 5907: 5902: 5895: 5888: 5881: 5874: 5867: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5843: 5836: 5829: 5822: 5817: 5816: 5815: 5805: 5798: 5791: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5763: 5756: 5749: 5742: 5741: 5740: 5728: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5706: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5678: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5660: 5659: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5635:Freddy the Pig 5631: 5629: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5602: 5591: 5589: 5579: 5578: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5535: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5477:Pig's trotters 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5446: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5306: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5294: 5291:Sus domesticus 5286: 5278: 5272: 5266: 5260: 5254: 5248: 5242: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5224: 5223: 5216: 5209: 5201: 5195: 5194: 5183: 5182:External links 5180: 5179: 5178: 5150: 5141: 5134: 5127: 5120: 5117:Slaughterhouse 5111: 5108: 5106: 5105: 5079: 5061:Handy, Sarah. 5053: 5041: 5017: 4993: 4967: 4937: 4907: 4881: 4848: 4825: 4799: 4773: 4747: 4722: 4690: 4658: 4645:Bloomberg News 4630: 4602: 4576: 4550: 4535: 4517: 4493: 4475: 4457: 4445: 4420: 4392: 4366: 4346: 4329: 4312: 4296: 4281: 4266: 4250: 4233: 4216: 4199: 4186: 4164: 4138: 4123: 4109: 4083: 4054: 4017: 3999:The New Yorker 3984: 3965: 3946: 3934: 3922: 3918:Reliable Plant 3899: 3887: 3865: 3846: 3831: 3819: 3800: 3785: 3767: 3762:Legal NewsLine 3745: 3728: 3712: 3697: 3686: 3669: 3652: 3633: 3616: 3599: 3582: 3560: 3534: 3516: 3497: 3477: 3458: 3439: 3425: 3403: 3390: 3374: 3347: 3330: 3310: 3293: 3280: 3265: 3250: 3228: 3211: 3194: 3182: 3160: 3134: 3108: 3091: 3074: 3061: 3045: 3018: 3001: 2984: 2966: 2950: 2936: 2920: 2904: 2884: 2868: 2851: 2836: 2824: 2806: 2788: 2769: 2751: 2739: 2726: 2710: 2684: 2668: 2645: 2626: 2605:"Present–2001" 2571: 2549: 2543:978-1581313239 2542: 2511: 2499: 2467: 2460: 2442: 2416: 2401: 2381: 2357: 2314: 2296: 2270: 2254: 2241: 2224: 2196: 2184: 2160: 2139: 2125: 2107: 2076: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2020: 2007: 1994: 1979: 1962: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1947: 1944: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1867: 1864: 1826: 1823: 1802: 1799: 1782:special police 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1742:Temple Grandin 1726: 1723: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1700:Animal welfare 1698: 1687: 1684: 1647: 1644: 1638: 1635: 1580:, October 2017 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1545:Sampson County 1522:Main article: 1519: 1516: 1507: 1504: 1493: 1490: 1452: 1451: 1449: 1448: 1441: 1434: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1409: 1408: 1402: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1277: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1153: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1049:Slash-and-burn 1046: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 1003: 1002: 997: 992: 982: 977: 976: 975: 970: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 934: 933: 928: 923: 918: 908: 902: 901: 896: 895: 892: 891: 885: 884: 883: 882: 877: 872: 867: 859: 858: 857: 852: 847: 839: 838: 837: 832: 830:Ancient Greece 827: 819: 818: 817: 812: 807: 798: 797: 796: 795: 790: 789: 786: 785: 777: 776: 767: 764: 747: 744: 705: 702: 685:greenhouse gas 651: 648: 630: 627: 605: 602: 600: 597: 587: 584: 551: 548: 512:Farmland Foods 502:Patrick Cudahy 492: 489: 436: 433: 431: 428: 409: 408: 405: 400: 395: 392: 389: 386: 385:of Kansas City 383:Farmland Foods 380: 302: 301: 290: 286: 285: 280: 274: 273: 270: 267: 264: 263: 255: 247: 246: 238: 230: 229: 221: 216: 213: 212: 204: 199: 196: 195: 187: 183: 182: 176: 172: 171: 169: 168: 164: 162: 159: 156: 155: 153: 152: 146: 142: 140: 136: 135: 132: 129: 126: 125: 122: 119: 116: 115: 109: 105: 104: 99: 95: 94: 68: 64: 63: 58: 54: 53: 48: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7138: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7086:Ham producers 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7042: 7041: 7032: 7030: 7029: 7020: 7018: 7017: 7012: 7008: 7006: 7005: 6996: 6993: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6943:Meat industry 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6928:Biotechnology 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6904: 6898: 6895: 6891: 6888: 6887: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6858: 6855:Environmental 6852: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6835:Sheep farming 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6787: 6784: 6783: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6756: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6739:Dairy farming 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6716:Farming Types 6713: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6650:Ancient Egypt 6648: 6647: 6645: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6617: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6578: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6561:Paludiculture 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6463: 6462:Biotechnology 6460: 6458: 6455: 6454: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6424: 6420: 6418: 6414: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6382:Agriculturist 6380: 6379: 6377: 6373: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6353: 6350: 6346: 6339: 6334: 6332: 6327: 6325: 6320: 6319: 6316: 6304: 6295: 6294: 6291: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6255: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6201:Ham producers 6199: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6181: 6178: 6177: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6155:Christmas ham 6153: 6151: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6139: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6078:Lacón Gallego 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6068:Jamón ibérico 6066: 6064: 6063:Jamón serrano 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6001: 5996: 5994: 5989: 5987: 5982: 5981: 5978: 5966: 5957: 5956: 5953: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5922: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5900: 5896: 5894: 5893: 5889: 5887: 5886: 5882: 5879: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5868: 5866: 5865: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5848: 5844: 5842: 5841: 5837: 5835: 5834: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5814: 5811: 5810: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5803: 5799: 5797: 5796: 5792: 5790: 5789: 5785: 5783: 5782: 5778: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5769: 5768: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5760:The Sheep-Pig 5757: 5755: 5754: 5750: 5748: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5733: 5729: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5715: 5713: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5685: 5684: 5683: 5679: 5676: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5657: 5656:Pigs in Space 5653: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5624: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5597: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5575: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5537: 5536: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5448: 5447: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5376: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5322: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5271: 5267: 5265: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5253: 5249: 5247: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5236: 5233: 5229: 5222: 5217: 5215: 5210: 5208: 5203: 5202: 5199: 5191: 5186: 5185: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5142: 5139: 5135: 5132: 5128: 5125: 5121: 5118: 5114: 5113: 5094: 5090: 5083: 5068: 5064: 5057: 5050: 5045: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5030:Sarah Zhang, 5027: 5021: 5015: 5013: 5009: 5003: 5000:Toni Clarke, 4997: 4981: 4977: 4971: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4941: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4911: 4896: 4892: 4885: 4869: 4865: 4864: 4859: 4852: 4841:September 14, 4836: 4829: 4818:September 10, 4814: 4810: 4803: 4792:September 10, 4788: 4784: 4777: 4766:September 10, 4762: 4758: 4751: 4740:September 10, 4736: 4732: 4726: 4710: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4694: 4679: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4662: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4634: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4606: 4591: 4587: 4580: 4564: 4560: 4554: 4546: 4539: 4531: 4524: 4522: 4513: 4509: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4471: 4464: 4462: 4454: 4449: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4427: 4425: 4416: 4409: 4408: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4373: 4371: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4351: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4326: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4306: 4300: 4293: 4288: 4286: 4278: 4273: 4271: 4263: 4259: 4254: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4230: 4229:New Statesman 4226: 4220: 4213: 4209: 4203: 4196: 4190: 4182: 4176: 4171: 4169: 4153: 4149: 4142: 4134: 4127: 4119: 4113: 4098: 4094: 4087: 4072: 4068: 4061: 4059: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4033: 4028: 4021: 4005: 4001: 4000: 3995: 3988: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3969: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3951: 3943: 3938: 3931: 3926: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3903: 3896: 3891: 3883: 3877: 3872: 3870: 3861: 3855: 3850: 3843: 3838: 3836: 3828: 3823: 3815: 3811: 3804: 3796: 3789: 3781: 3777: 3771: 3763: 3759: 3752: 3750: 3742: 3738: 3732: 3725: 3721: 3716: 3708: 3701: 3690: 3683: 3679: 3673: 3666: 3662: 3656: 3649: 3645: 3642: 3637: 3630: 3626: 3620: 3613: 3609: 3603: 3596: 3592: 3586: 3570: 3564: 3549: 3545: 3538: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3501: 3492: 3488: 3481: 3473: 3469: 3462: 3454: 3450: 3443: 3435: 3429: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3407: 3400: 3394: 3387: 3384: 3378: 3362: 3358: 3351: 3344: 3340: 3334: 3327: 3323: 3317: 3315: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3290: 3284: 3276: 3269: 3261: 3254: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3215: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3191: 3186: 3178: 3174: 3167: 3165: 3157:(3): 139–146. 3156: 3152: 3145: 3138: 3131: 3127: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3105: 3101: 3095: 3088: 3084: 3078: 3071: 3065: 3058: 3052: 3050: 3033: 3029: 3022: 3015: 3011: 3005: 2998: 2994: 2988: 2980: 2976: 2970: 2963: 2959: 2954: 2946: 2940: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2901: 2897: 2891: 2889: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2865: 2861: 2855: 2847: 2840: 2833: 2828: 2820: 2813: 2811: 2802: 2801:The Economist 2798: 2792: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2765: 2761: 2755: 2748: 2743: 2736: 2730: 2723: 2719: 2714: 2698: 2694: 2688: 2681: 2675: 2673: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2652: 2650: 2641: 2637: 2630: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2596: 2590: 2586: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2567: 2563: 2556: 2554: 2545: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2509:, p. 11. 2508: 2503: 2495: 2491: 2490:"The Ham Man" 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2463: 2457: 2453: 2446: 2431: 2427: 2420: 2413: 2408: 2406: 2398: 2394: 2388: 2386: 2377: 2373: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2318: 2310: 2306: 2300: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2277: 2275: 2267: 2261: 2259: 2251: 2245: 2238: 2234: 2228: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2193: 2188: 2180: 2176: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2156: 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