771:, there only needs to be one rex parent to produce curly rex-coated offspring. However, when two rex parents are bred, two copies of the trait may be present in the offspring. This causes varying levels of hairlessness, and has earned the colloquial name "double rex". The other type of hairless rat is sometimes referred to as a "true hairless". This is caused by a different gene, and is distinguishable from a hairless double rex by the absence of whiskers. Unlike a double rex, this type of hairless rat is incapable of growing hairs on any part of the body. One additional subset of semi-hairless rats, patchwork rex, constantly lose their hair and regrow it in different "patches" several times throughout their life. Hairless rats may be prone to more health problems than their standard- or rex-coated counterparts, including a reduced tolerance for cold, kidney and liver failure, more prone to skin injury, skin conditions, and shortened life span.
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1052:. This is a rare disease among domesticated rats and is most often found in rats from large chain pet stores that breed their stock of rats in masses (usually with the intention of being snake food rather than pets) or from breeders with neglectful rat husbandry. This disease is fairly unnoticeable in the rat, but is characterized by swelling of the bite or scratch site, fever, vomiting, and body aches. It is contracted by the bite or scratch of an infected rat. As an early breeder of fancy rats, 19th-century rat catcher
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opposed to 300g or more. This strain of dwarfism is caused by reduced production of growth hormone, and this has other effects in addition to changed overall body size. Important for pet-keeping, it reduces the incidence of pituitary and mammary tumours and nephropathy (kidney disease), with the result that Dwarf rats live 20–40% longer in males and 10–20% longer in females than their standard counterparts. However, they may also show some cognitive impairment.
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1135:. Here, the protagonist befriends the rats found in his home and builds up a close relationship, only to have it end tragically. While these movies generally emphasize the popular perception of malevolence—they kill people and cats and ransack grocery stores—other wild rats who become pets are portrayed in more neutral to positive ways; the television show,
544:, or have appeared spontaneously. Fancy rats in themselves are a subspecies and as such do not have distinctive breeds. Any individual rat may be defined one or more ways by its color, coat, marking, and non-standard body type. This allows for very specific classifications such as a ruby-eyed cinnamon Berkshire rex Dumbo.
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readily, and for a longer period of time over their lifespan. Also, domesticated rats exhibit different behaviors when fighting with each other: while wild rats almost always flee a lost battle, caged rats spend protracted amounts of time in a belly-up or boxing position. These behavioral traits are thought to be
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Town Show in
England on October 24, 1901. Her black-and-white hooded rat won "Best in Show" and ignited interest in the area. After Douglas' death in 1921, rat fancy soon began to fall back out of fashion. The original hobby formally lasted from 1912 to 1929 or 1931, as part of the National Mouse and
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of white with a side that begins at the chest, or between the front legs, and where the point ends mid-length. In the United States and elsewhere, clubs like the AFRMA distinguish this marking as the
English Irish and allow for another standardized Irish in which the rat may have white of an even or
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While living indoors decreases the risk of contracting certain diseases, living in close quarters with other rats, lack of proper protection from environmental factors (e.g. temperature, humidity), an unhealthy diet, and the stresses inherently associated with living in an unnatural habitat can all
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There is a relatively small variety of coats compared to the number of colors and markings, and not all are internationally standardized. The most common type is the normal or standard, which is allowed variance in coarseness between the sexes; males have a coarse, thick, rough coat, while females'
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in the United States was connected to people who owned pet rats. However, it has been determined that a pet rat's initial exposure to salmonella, along with many other zoonotic rat diseases, typically indicates exposure to wild rodent populations, either from an infestation in the owner's home, or
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Another body type variation that has risen to prominence more recently in the hobby is the Dwarf rat. Dwarfism arose as a mutation among
Sprague-Dawley rats kept for research in the 1970s. Adult dwarfs are considerably smaller than their standard counterparts, with males between 100 and 130g as
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Two of the most prominent and standardized physical changes applied to rats through selective breeding are the development of the Manx rat and Dumbo rat. The Dumbo rat, whose origins are in the United States, is characterized by having large, low, round ears on the sides of its head caused by a
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than those in the wild. They are more comfortable around humans and known to seek out their owners while roaming freely. They have decreased reactions to light and sound, are less cautious of new food, and have better tolerance to overcrowding. Domesticated rats are shown to mate earlier, more
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Takeuchi, Takashi; Suzuki, Hitoshi; Sakurai, Susumu; Nogami, Haruo; Okuma, Shinichi; Ishikawa, Hiroshi (1990). "Molecular mechanism of growth hormone(GH) deficiency in the spontaneous dwarf rat: detection ofabnormal splicing of GH messenger ribonucleic acid by thepolymerase chain reaction".
380:, manager of one of the largest sporting public houses in London. These two men are responsible for beginning many of the color varieties present today. Black, specifically, was known for taming the "prettier" rats of unusual color, decorating them with ribbons, and selling them as pets.
290:; this is one of their biggest draws. Additionally, they are quite independent, affectionate, loyal and easily trained. They are considered more intelligent than other domesticated rodents. Healthy fancy rats typically live 2 to 3 years, but are capable of living a year or so longer.
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coloring of the wild brown rat (three tones on the same hair), others have solid colors (a single color on each hair), a trait derived from rats with black coats. Agouti-based colors include agouti, cinnamon, and fawn. Black-based colors include black, beige, blue, and chocolate.
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than intact females. Research into prevention of common diseases and health issues in rats is ongoing. Dietary changes are among the main suggestions for improved health and longevity in fancy rats, including feeding rat-friendly superfoods in moderation to reduce the risk of
740:; velveteen, a softer variation of the rex; satin or silky coat, which is extra-soft and fine, with a sheen; and Harley, characterized by wispy long straight hairs. Remaining coat types are not defined by the hair itself, but rather by the lack of it, such as hairless rats.
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are more prone to specific health risks and diseases than their wild counterparts, but they are also far less likely to succumb to certain illnesses that are prevalent in the wild. The major considerations for susceptibility include exposure, living conditions, and diet.
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Further dividing the varieties of fancy rats are the many different markings. Fancy rats can appear in any combination of colors and markings. The markings are typically in reference to the patterns and ratios of colored hair versus white hair. Two extremes would be a
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to kill them all. It is believed that both rat-catchers and sportsmen began to keep certain, odd-colored rats during the height of the sport, eventually breeding them and then selling them as pets. The two men thought to have formed the basis of rat fancy are
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Domesticated rats have a longer lifespan than that of wild rats. Because domesticated rats are protected from predators and have ready access to food, water, shelter, and medical care, their average lifespan is around two to three years, in contrast to wild
832:, and so various coat types, colors, and varieties have been bred separately from foreign lines, or are just not obtainable within that country (for example, hairless and Dumbo rats do not exist in Australia). In other areas, like the Canadian province of
466:. However, it is also theorized that there are certain underlying biological reasons for why some members of a wild species are more receptive to domestication than others, and that these differences are then passed down to offspring (compare
482:, which average a lifespan of less than one year. However, wild rats generally have larger brains, hearts, livers, kidneys, and adrenal glands than laboratory rats. The fancy rat and wild rat also each face a multitude of differing
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The body structure of domesticated rats differs from that of a wild rat as well. The body of a fancy rat is smaller, with larger ears and a longer tail. Domesticated rats have generally smaller and sharper facial features as well.
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Hairless rats are a coat variety characterized by varying levels of hair loss. One type of hairless rat is bred from curly-coated rexes. These range from having areas of very short fur to being completely bald. Since rex is a
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Keeping rats as pets can come with the stigma that rats supposedly transmit dangerous diseases to their owners. Usually, rats bred as pets are tested and treated for diseases and parasites. One fear is that all rats carry
266:", a hobby involving the appreciation, promotion, or breeding of pet or domestic animals. The offspring of wild-caught specimens, having become docile after having been bred for many generations, fall under the
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in 18th- and 19th-century Europe. Later bred as pets, they now come in a wide variety of coat colors and patterns, and are bred and raised by several rat enthusiast groups around the world. They are sold in
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Samantha Martin, a professional animal trainer for films, commercials, and music videos, has claimed that rats are one of the easiest animals to train due to their adaptability, intelligence, and focus.
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which shares this feature, though not necessarily due to the same mutation. Breeding Manx rats does raise some ethical and health concerns however, as rats use their tails for both balance and
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Color names can vary for more vaguely defined varieties, like lilac and fawn, while the interpretations of standards can fluctuate between (and even within) different countries or clubs.
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Eye color is considered a subset of coloring, and coat color definitions often include standards for the eyes, as many genes which control eye color will also affect the coat color or
1175:, the protagonist Curtis Craig owns a pet rat named Blob, which is seen various times in the game and is even involved in one of the many puzzles that the player must decipher.
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that can irritate the skin of fancy rats, and if they have a preexisting health condition, it can cause them to die from their bodies' inability to handle two problems at once.
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of the 18th and 19th centuries who trapped rats throughout Europe. These rat-catchers would then either kill the rats, or, more likely, sell the rats to be used in blood sport.
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and related species are seen as pests, their intentional import into foreign countries is often regulated. For example, the importation of foreign rodents is prohibited in
1186:, but are not generally seen as desirable pets. Ronald Weasley has a pet rat, Scabbers, who was later revealed to be an illegal animagus named Peter Pettigrew in reality.
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Rat fancy as a formal, organized hobby began when a woman named Mary
Douglas asked for permission to bring her pet rats to an exhibition of the National Mouse Club at the
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Kuramoto, Kazunao; Tahara, Shoichi; Sasaki, Toru; Matsumoto, Shigenobu; Kaneko, Takao; Kondo, Hiroshi; Yanabe, Makoto; Takagi, Shohei; Shinkai, Tadashi (2009).
787:. On the other hand, the process results in many rats who do not "conform", and are then either given away, sold as food, or killed—the latter referred to as
1558:. Volume III, "A Century of Advance", Book Four, "East Asia". Plate 364. In the caption, Lach and van Kleyn identify the performing animals as mice and rats.
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was a popular sport until the beginning of the 20th century. It involved filling a pit with several rats and then placing bets on how long it would take a
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into the home. Fancy rats have different health risks from their wild counterparts, and thus are unlikely to succumb to the same illnesses as wild rats.
900:. Additionally, pet or laboratory rats enjoy the intrinsic benefits of having a consistent and well-balanced diet, along with access to medical care.
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or
Downunder (an Australian variety that has a solid color stripe on the belly or a color marking there that corresponds to the markings on the top).
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Ambient temperatures >85°F (29.4°C), high humidity levels (>80%), poor ventilation, and overcrowding predispose rodents to heat exhaustion.
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802:, poor bowel and bladder control, falling from heights, and can be at risk for life-threatening deformities in the pelvic region, like hind leg
2159:
Li, Endan; Kim, Dong Hyun; Cai, Mudan; Lee, Sungyoub; Kim, Yumi; Lim, Eunjin; Ryu, Jong Hoon; Unterman, Terry G.; Park, Seungjoon (2011).
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There are concerns as to whether breeding hairless and tailless rats is ethical. The tail is vital for rats' balance and for adjusting
600:(completely solid, non-white color) and a Himalayan (completely white except blending into colored areas at the nose and feet, called
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416:(NFRS). Pet rats are now commonly available in stores and from breeders, and there exist several rat fancier groups worldwide.
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914:. It can also be caused by temporary irritation in the eye, such as the rat accidentally scratching its eye while grooming.
836:, which is considered rat-free, the ownership of domestic fancy rats outside of schools, laboratories, and zoos is illegal.
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variegated – any form of mismatched oddities in the fur. Can be anything from a broken or spotted hood to a misshaped blaze.
978:), are prevalent simply because their highly contagious natures work in tandem with the way rats are kept in laboratories,
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from a formal breeding perspective, which are defined as variations in markings that are not recognized as conforming to a
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is a browny-red substance that fancy rats can develop around the eyes and nose. It may appear like dried blood, but is a
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Rats also come into their own in supernatural fiction or dark fantasy, where they tend to represent invasive evil....
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blazed – colored head (capped) or body (Irish, Berkshire or self) with a triangular wedge of white fur over the face.
615:. However, many domestic rats are not closely bred to any color standard; many of those found in pet shops will have
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spp. are a mostly benign group of bacteria that commonly reside on the top of the skin, but cuts and scratches from
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While domesticated rats are not removed enough from their wild counterparts to justify a distinct species (like the
2161:"Hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory are impaired in growth hormone-deficient spontaneous dwarf rats"
810:. Similarly, hairless rats are less protected from scratches and the cold without their coat. Groups such as the
1936:
2649:"Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium Associated with Rodents Purchased at Retail Pet Stores"
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prohibit the showing of these varieties at their events and forbid advertisement through affiliated services.
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coats are softer and finer. Other standardized coats include: rex, in which all the hairs are curly, even the
2988:
2304:
829:
937:), and pseudotuberculosis are usually seen in stressed or young rats. Additionally, pet rats are exposed to
783:. On one hand, breeding rats to "conform" to a specific standard or to develop a new one is a large part of
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1149:
320:
2875:– A website with referenced articles that pertain to the scientific study of the domesticated Norway rat.
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1569:"They're intelligent and friendly. Why some people think rats are the perfect pet, for fun and comfort"
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2020:
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957:(also found in almost all domesticated animals), is usually asymptomatic in the rat, unless the rat's
442:), there are significant differences that set them apart; the most apparent is coloring. Random color
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Rats that live their entire lives indoors usually are able to avoid disease-causing bacteria such as
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982:, and by breeders. MRM is far less likely to occur in laboratory rats than in those kept as pets.
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637:, a single, unbroken line from the full head down to the spine and possibly partly down the tail
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There is some evidence that spayed female rats ("does") are less likely to develop mammary and
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refers to eyes which at a glance appear black, but on closer observation are a deep, dark red.
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197:
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adversely affect a rat's health to make them more prone to specific conditions. Specifically,
572:(two differently colored eyes) as possible eye colors, depending on the variety of rat shown.
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threat, although exposure to wild rat populations could introduce pathogens like the bacteria
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1995:
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made his living not only from catching rats, but also from selling them for use in baiting.
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1423:. Gillian R. Bullock (series ed.), Tracie Bunton (series ed.). Academic Press. pp.
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2881:– An online resource with information about fancy rat health and treatment of illness.
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Markings have a strict standard, with detailed terminology, for showing in fancy rat
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than other common pets. For example, domesticated brown rats are not considered a
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recessive mutation, and was named for its resemblance to the fictional character
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Irish or
English Irish – In England, the Irish is standardized by the NFRS as an
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is similar to human physiology. When used in this field, they are referred to as
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Domesticated rats are physiologically and psychologically different from their
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is not among the list of species considered a threat. In 2004, an outbreak of
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Blanchard, R; Carolineblanchard, D (1977). "Aggressive behavior in the rat".
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Other marking varieties include spotted or
Dalmatian (named for the spotted
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like cockroaches, beetles, and fleas which are essential for the spread of
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is compromised by illness. If this occurs, the infection can develop into
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Two Dwarf rats sleeping. Dwarf fancy rats are much smaller than standards.
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types, and other features that do not appear in the wild have either been
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888:; the latter is absent in treated water. They may also more easily avoid
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910:-like substance that is released at times of stress or if the rat has a
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of color along the body, darkest at the base of the tail and nose as in
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and hierarchical fighting can open up the pathways for them to cause
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2047:"The Tail of the Rat, in Temperature Regulation and Acclimatization"
1753:
Rat: How the World's Most
Notorious Rodent Clawed Its Way to the Top
1289:
Rat: How the World's Most
Notorious Rodent Clawed Its Way to the Top
286:. Fancy rats are generally quite affordable, even compared to other
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disease caught from humans, not the same bacteria associated with
412:. The hobby was revived in 1976 with the formation of the English
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Animals in Person: Cultural
Perspectives on Human-animal Intimacy
1415:
Krinke, George J. (15 June 2000). "History, Strains and Models".
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2333:. Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service. Archived from
694:
A male Dumbo rat, a variety with ears placed lower on the head
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are a dark brown color, while fancy rats may be anything from
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1686:
1659:
The Story of Rats: Their Impact on Us, and Our Impact on Them
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907:
700:
344:
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Orloski, Kathleen A.; Sarah L. Lathrop (February 15, 2003).
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and learned his martial arts skills by imitating his owner.
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franchise, the master and adoptive father of the turtles is
532:
The American Blue is one of several standardized coat colors
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2083:
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if placed in areas with low humidity or high temperatures.
503:
340:
was an antecedent for the practice of keeping rats as pets.
1520:. American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association. Archived from
2122:"Spontaneous dwarf rat: A novel model for aging research"
1056:
recounted that he nearly died several times after bites.
435:
293:
Fancy rats are used widely in medical research, as their
249:
2917:
Associazione Italiana Ratti - Rat Rescue Italia ODV (IT)
2891:
2227:. National Fancy Rat Society. 3 May 2008. Archived from
968:
Several diseases, like Rat Coronavirus Infection (RCI),
591:
Himalayan rats have a unique color and marking variation
408:
was dropped from the name, returning it to the original
2901:
2896:
2878:
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the Flying Elephant. The Manx rat is tailless due to a
2911:
2892:
American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association (USA) (AFRMA)
1356:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
1206:), the main character in the DreamWorks animated film
2624:"11 Superfoods To Add To Your Rats Diet – RatCentral"
2446:"Merck Veterinary Manual – Gastrointestinal Diseases"
2225:"General Information – Advice for the Novice Breeder"
2018:
1419:
The Laboratory Rat (Handbook of Experimental Animals)
1045:
from the pet's contaminated food, water, or bedding.
862:, but multiple tumors can persist even after removal.
779:
There is controversy among rat fanciers in regard to
490:
from exposure to humans, while the latter may harbor
446:
may occur in the wild, but these are rare. Most wild
2771:"Pet Rats – Guide to Easy Pet Rat Care and Training"
1868:"American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association standards"
2367:. Alberta Department of Agriculture. Archived from
1897:(2 ed.). Barron's Educational Series. p.
355:The origin of the modern fancy rat begins with the
2388:
2386:
1890:
30:"Pet rat" redirects here. For other pet rats, see
2530:"Merck Veterinary Manual – Reproductive Diseases"
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1196:The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time
2980:
2675:"Signs and Symptoms | Rat-bite Fever (RBF)"
2558:"Merck Veterinary Manual – Respiratory Diseases"
2307:. The National Fancy Rat Society. Archived from
1740:
1447:
1395:"Merck Veterinary Manual – Generalised Diseases"
1085:In the direct-to-video sequels to the 1987 film
654:symmetrical nature anywhere along its underside.
2790:
2571:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2383:
2051:Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
1512:
1510:
1454:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1389:
1387:
1325:Merck Veterinary Manual – Zoonoses:Introduction
774:
2824:Second Season Episodes: #221 "Euphoria Part 2"
2467:"Porphyrin Secretions / Red Tears – Rat Guide"
1285:"Entertainer, Test Subject, and Family Friend"
1267:
1212:, is a fancy rat kept as a pet by a family in
536:As in other pet species, a variety of colors,
464:products of environment as opposed to genetics
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2414:
2412:
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2201:. RatsPacNW Rat Fanciers Club. Archived from
2191:
2044:
1955:
1796:Writer: Kaylan Eggert Narrator: Max Raphael.
972:, and Murine Respiratory Mycoplasmosis (MRM,
419:
2498:
2433:
2045:Rand, R. P.; Burton, A. C.; Ing, T. (1965).
1862:
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1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1543:Lach, Donald F.; Van Kley, Edwin J. (1994),
1542:
1507:
1384:
662:dog), Essex, masked, Himalayan (typically a
2704:London Labour and the London Poor, Volume 3
2158:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1441:
2902:Rat and Mouse Club of America (USA) (RMCA)
2897:The National Fancy Rat Society (UK) (NFRS)
2791:Clute, John; John Grant (March 15, 1999).
2543:
2407:
2285:. American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association
1647:
1645:
1643:
1180:Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry
854:Fancy rats of both sexes commonly develop
47:
2420:"Merck Veterinary Manual – Skin Diseases"
2354:
2352:
1847:
1826:
1824:
1662:. Australia: Allen & Unwin. pp.
1483:
1473:
1367:
1145:", the pet rat of the titular character.
1103:, Ratso is the pet rat of Rob McGroarty.
623:published by a rat fancier organisation.
2749:. Running Free Press. pp. 365–366.
2482:"Pet Rats – Rat Care – Ronnie and Derek"
2126:Geriatrics and Gerontology International
2019:Hemberg, Yvette; Cindy Sautchuk (2000).
1965:. Rat Society of America. Archived from
1918:
1789:
1680:
1547:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
849:
747:
717:
689:
676:
586:
566:American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association
527:
516:Laboratory rat § Stocks and strains
486:; the former is at risk of developing a
457:Behaviorally, domesticated pet rats are
382:
343:
331:
21:Laboratory rat § Stocks and strains
2361:"The History of Rat Control in Alberta"
2249:
1746:
1651:
1640:
1345:
1343:
1282:
626:Commonly recognized standards include:
514:For varieties bred as lab animals, see
273:Fancy rats were originally targets for
19:For varieties bred as lab animals, see
2981:
2743:"Samantha Martin: Exclusive Interview"
2741:Wilson, Stacy Lynne (April 20, 2007).
2740:
2734:
2697:
2691:
2506:"Merck Veterinary Manual – Management"
2358:
2349:
1937:"National Fancy Rat Society standards"
1821:
1612:
1414:
1094:The Brave Little Toaster to the Rescue
256:derives from the use of the adjective
2926:
2925:
2812:
2795:. St. Martin's Griffin. p. 642.
2784:
2718:"Multi-state Outbreak of Seoul Virus"
2700:"Chapter I: The Destroyers of Vermin"
2394:"Merck Veterinary Manual – Neoplasia"
2276:
1882:
1782:Refer to specific information in the
1721:
1715:
1652:Barnett, S. Anthony (April 1, 2002).
1599:Refer to specific information in the
1408:
1178:Pet rats are unofficially allowed at
1100:The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars
798:. Tailless rats have greater risk of
568:(AFRMA) lists black, pink, ruby, and
2323:
2012:
1888:
1340:
640:capped – color on the full head only
630:Berkshire – colored top, white belly
2845:"A Day in the Life of Toby the Rat"
2641:
1987:
1981:
1755:. St. Martin's Press. p. 168.
13:
2250:Isaksen, Mary Ann (January 1999).
1352:"Plague: a veterinary perspective"
1026:
896:and intestinal parasites like the
756:indicates that it is a hooded rat.
752:Even though this rat is hairless,
310:, and typically pose no more of a
14:
3020:
2866:
2479:
2258:. Rat & Mouse Club of America
2252:"Breeding: Can YOU Live With It?"
1830:
1806:. History Channel. Archived from
1724:Animal Domestication and Behavior
1172:Phantasmagoria: A Puzzle of Flesh
372:, self-proclaimed rat-catcher to
16:Domesticated brown rat subspecies
2907:The Midlands Rat Club (UK) (MRC)
2885:
2138:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2009.00559.x
1619:. Berg Publishers. p. 131.
1448:Hilscher-Conklin, Caryl (1947).
743:
87:
2837:
2763:
2710:
2667:
2616:
2592:
2522:
2473:
2459:
2359:Bourne, John (1 October 2002).
2297:
2270:
2152:
2113:
2077:
2038:
1776:
1747:Langton, Jerry (26 June 2007).
1606:
1593:
989:if fed high-calorie diets, and
917:Mites also pose a health risk.
858:as they age. These are usually
817:
552:While some pet rats retain the
23:. For other rat varieties, see
2021:"A New Rat Variety Down Under"
1600:
1561:
1536:
1450:"The Domestication of the Rat"
1312:
1168:point-and-click adventure game
1156:, who was once the pet rat of
1048:Another risk to rat owners is
451:
1:
3009:Taxa named by John Berkenhout
2820:"HOUSE: Guide to the TV Show"
1701:10.1016/S0091-6773(77)90308-X
1260:
1133:2003 remake of the first film
951:. A human-associated fungus,
933:, protozoic infections (e.g.
921:are microscopic bloodsucking
785:what the fancy was founded on
730:
521:For other rat varieties, see
494:after coming in contact with
57:
1994:. TFH Publications. p.
1545:Asia in the Making of Europe
1150:Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
1119:was the basis for the films
784:
775:Ethics of selective breeding
685:
509:
389:Chinese street circus troupe
321:Streptobacillus moniliformis
7:
2793:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
2653:Centers for Disease Control
2486:Pet Rats – Ronnie and Derek
2283:AFRMA Rat & Mouse Tales
1913:international rat standard.
1783:
1518:"The History of Fancy Rats"
1223:
1202:Roddy St. James (voiced by
1148:In certain versions of the
1061:Centers for Disease Control
582:
547:
483:
262:for a hobby, also seen in "
230:Rattus norvegicus domestica
207:Rattus norvegicus domestica
10:
3025:
2028:Rat and Mouse Fancy Report
1988:Fox, Susan (August 1997).
1369:10.2460/javma.2003.222.444
1328:. Merck and Co., Inc. 2008
1320:"Table on Global Zoonoses"
1199:has a pet rat named Toby.
1074:
1070:
985:Pet rats can also develop
843:
759:
520:
513:
423:
420:Differences from wild rats
414:National Fancy Rat Society
327:
300:laboratory rats (lab rats)
29:
18:
2999:Mammals described in 1769
2934:
1991:The Guide to Owning a Rat
1722:Price, Edward O. (2003).
1240:List of fictional rodents
846:Diseases in the brown rat
839:
633:hooded – color runs in a
452:white to cinnamon to blue
404:Rat Club, at which point
203:
196:
84:Scientific classification
82:
73:
64:
55:
46:
41:
2873:Rat Behavior and Biology
2579:"Health Guide- Ringtail"
2177:10.1507/endocrj.K11E-006
1088:The Brave Little Toaster
1063:reported an outbreak of
940:Streptococcus pneumoniae
762:Hairless laboratory rats
707:, and was named for the
2277:Royer, Nichole (1998).
2256:Rat & Mouse Gazette
1889:Daly, Carol H. (2002).
1283:Langton, Jerry (2007).
1189:Christopher Boone, the
468:domesticated silver fox
2698:Mayhew, Henry (1851).
2199:"Rats PacNW standards"
1939:. NFRS. Archived from
1833:"Rat Genetics, part 3"
1235:Experimental evolution
885:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
863:
757:
723:
695:
682:
592:
533:
488:pneumococcal infection
396:
352:
341:
244:, and the most common
2099:10.1210/endo-126-1-31
1613:Knight, John (2005).
1475:10.1073/pnas.33.5.109
1005:ulcerative dermatitis
912:respiratory infection
853:
751:
721:
693:
680:
590:
531:
523:List of rat varieties
387:Rats performing in a
386:
347:
335:
25:List of rat varieties
2989:Domesticated animals
2849:Center Theatre Group
2371:on 25 September 2014
2365:Agriculture and Food
1141:, briefly featured "
1067:spread by pet rats.
954:Pneumocystis carinii
651:equilateral triangle
189:R. n. domestica
2747:Animal Movies Guide
2337:on 25 February 2009
2331:"Other Pets – DAFF"
2231:on 9 September 2016
1749:"Second Only to Us"
1726:. CABI Publishing.
1654:"Naming and Taming"
1466:1947PNAS...33..109C
1250:Rat Genome Database
1184:Harry Potter series
975:Mycoplasma pulmonis
681:Dalmatian Fancy Rat
410:National Mouse Club
336:The blood sport of
67:Conservation status
2936:Rattus norvegicus
2912:Rat Club (NZ) (RC)
2604:www.ratfanclub.org
2311:on 18 October 2008
2305:"Banned varieties"
1969:on 26 January 2009
1943:on 9 December 2006
1689:Behavioral Biology
1112:Ratman's Notebooks
1077:Rat § Fiction
864:
781:selective breeding
758:
724:
696:
683:
593:
534:
397:
353:
342:
175:R. norvegicus
32:Rat § As pets
2976:
2975:
2928:Taxon identifiers
2802:978-0-312-19869-5
2756:978-0-9675185-3-4
2165:Endocrine Journal
2005:978-0-7938-2157-0
1908:978-0-7641-2012-1
1762:978-0-312-36384-0
1733:978-0-85199-597-7
1673:978-1-86508-519-7
1626:978-1-85973-733-0
1554:978-0-226-46734-4
1434:978-0-12-426400-7
1298:978-0-312-36384-0
238:Rattus norvegicus
222:
221:
77:
3016:
2969:
2968:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2939:
2923:
2922:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
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2761:
2760:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2600:"the Rat Report"
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2554:
2541:
2540:
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2442:
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2430:
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2426:
2416:
2405:
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2402:
2400:
2390:
2381:
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2378:
2376:
2356:
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2295:
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2290:
2274:
2268:
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2265:
2263:
2247:
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2240:
2238:
2236:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2205:on 27 April 2009
2195:
2189:
2188:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2117:
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2110:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2042:
2036:
2035:
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2016:
2010:
2009:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1933:
1916:
1915:
1896:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1864:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1831:Royer, Nichole.
1828:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1793:
1787:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1744:
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1678:
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1500:
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1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1371:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1280:
1012:pituitary tumors
987:pituitary tumors
931:Tyzzer's disease
796:body temperature
713:thermoregulation
705:genetic mutation
209:
92:
91:
76:
51:
39:
38:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3013:
2979:
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2340:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2279:"Tailless Rats"
2275:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2157:
2153:
2118:
2114:
2082:
2078:
2063:10.1139/y65-025
2043:
2039:
2023:
2017:
2013:
2006:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
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1685:
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1650:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1594:
1585:
1583:
1573:Washington Post
1567:
1566:
1562:
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1541:
1537:
1527:
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1516:
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1318:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1281:
1268:
1263:
1226:
1193:protagonist of
1117:Stephen Gilbert
1079:
1073:
1036:, when in fact
1029:
1027:Risks to owners
848:
842:
820:
800:heat exhaustion
777:
764:
746:
733:
688:
585:
550:
526:
519:
512:
484:health concerns
432:
422:
330:
218:
211:
205:
192:
178:
86:
78:
69:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3022:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
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2974:
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2960:
2944:
2942:
2932:
2931:
2920:
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2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2876:
2868:
2867:External links
2865:
2862:
2861:
2836:
2811:
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2783:
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2755:
2733:
2709:
2690:
2666:
2640:
2615:
2591:
2570:
2542:
2521:
2497:
2480:Watts, David.
2472:
2458:
2432:
2406:
2382:
2348:
2322:
2296:
2269:
2242:
2216:
2190:
2171:(4): 257–267.
2151:
2112:
2076:
2057:(2): 257–267.
2037:
2011:
2004:
1980:
1954:
1917:
1907:
1881:
1846:
1820:
1803:Modern Marvels
1788:
1775:
1761:
1739:
1732:
1714:
1695:(2): 197–224.
1679:
1672:
1639:
1625:
1605:
1592:
1575:. 2019-10-05.
1560:
1553:
1535:
1524:on 30 May 2013
1506:
1460:(5): 109–117.
1440:
1433:
1407:
1383:
1362:(4): 444–448.
1339:
1311:
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1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1131:(1972), and a
1072:
1069:
1050:rat-bite fever
1028:
1025:
1023:, and stroke.
996:Staphylococcus
894:endemic typhus
856:mammary tumors
841:
838:
819:
816:
776:
773:
769:dominant trait
745:
742:
732:
729:
687:
684:
656:
655:
647:
644:
641:
638:
631:
621:breed standard
608:'s markings).
584:
581:
549:
546:
511:
508:
430:Laboratory rat
421:
418:
374:Queen Victoria
329:
326:
308:wild relatives
246:species of rat
220:
219:
212:
201:
200:
198:Trinomial name
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2886:Organisations
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2680:
2676:
2670:
2655:. May 6, 2005
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2135:
2132:(1): 94–101.
2131:
2127:
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2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2087:Endocrinology
2080:
2072:
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2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
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2015:
2007:
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1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1834:
1827:
1825:
1810:on 2009-08-18
1809:
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1294:
1291:. Macmillan.
1290:
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2722:www.cdc.gov
2679:www.cdc.gov
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2315:11 November
2289:14 November
2262:14 November
2235:14 November
1963:"Standards"
1947:21 November
1874:21 November
1768:13 November
1528:10 November
1499:10 November
1255:Working rat
1245:Rat agility
1230:Fancy mouse
1125:(1971) and
1065:Seoul virus
617:mismarkings
500:cockroaches
361:Rat-baiting
338:rat-baiting
312:health risk
275:blood sport
252:. The name
2994:Forma taxa
2983:Categories
2855:2024-03-10
2776:11 January
2727:2017-05-27
2684:2016-02-25
2634:2016-03-30
2628:RatCentral
2609:2016-03-30
2491:2019-04-09
2375:1 December
2209:12 January
1973:3 February
1814:2009-02-09
1632:10 January
1586:2024-03-10
1332:11 January
1261:References
1214:Kensington
1075:See also:
1054:Jack Black
1042:salmonella
980:pet stores
879:Salmonella
844:See also:
760:See also:
731:Coat types
672:Down Under
604:, as in a
562:vice versa
424:See also:
395:in 1655-57
378:Jimmy Shaw
370:Jack Black
349:Jack Black
295:physiology
288:small pets
280:pet stores
248:kept as a
215:Berkenhout
60:fancy rat
42:Fancy rat
2940:domestica
2879:Rat Guide
2563:9 January
2535:9 January
2511:7 January
2451:9 January
2425:9 January
2399:7 January
1839:9 January
1601:Varieties
1581:0190-8286
1400:9 January
1304:8 January
963:pneumonia
949:pneumonia
923:parasites
904:Porphyrin
830:Australia
808:megacolon
804:paralysis
686:Body type
660:Dalmatian
613:pet shows
542:developed
510:Varieties
492:tapeworms
444:mutations
440:grey wolf
426:Brown rat
401:Aylesbury
254:fancy rat
242:brown rat
232:) is the
226:fancy rat
169:Species:
107:Kingdom:
101:Eukaryota
2963:BioLib:
2949:Wikidata
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2146:20102388
2071:14329334
1786:section.
1494:16578253
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1224:See also
1191:autistic
1154:Splinter
991:ringtail
945:zoonotic
822:Because
738:whiskers
709:Manx cat
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570:odd-eyed
548:Coloring
498:such as
496:carriers
284:breeders
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147:Family:
141:Rodentia
131:Mammalia
121:Chordata
117:Phylum:
111:Animalia
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56:A black
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1108:novella
1071:Fiction
1017:cancers
890:vectors
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789:culling
670:), and
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151:Muridae
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635:saddle
602:points
564:. The
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376:, and
270:type.
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162:Rattus
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2966:61237
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1664:21–23
1427:–16.
1158:ninja
1138:House
919:Mites
908:mucus
701:Dumbo
504:fleas
459:tamer
268:fancy
259:fancy
2831:2009
2797:ISBN
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