22:
285:
56:
1526:
594:
891:
879:
1044:
462:
842:
powerful group, able to utilise their speaking platform to wield considerable influence over the aiga, the village and in their dealings with other aiga and districts. This led to the rise of the Tumua ma Pule institution, the influential group of orators from both Savaii and Upolu. The orators of
Leulumoega and Lufilufi have wielded considerable power over the centuries as it is only through their consent that the royal aliʻi title of Tui Aʻana and Tui Ātua titles could be bestowed.
724:
3546:
276:
continuing to reside on Manono. As his tyranny increased, in like proportion increased the hatred of the people of Aʻana, and at length they rose against him and he was killed in 1829. This was just before John
Williams, whose name is a shining light in the annals of missionary enterprise (reference needed), visited Samoa for the first time. A bloody war ensued and Aʻana's power was broken and the district laid waste.
2766:
849:(pedigree, ancestors, descent) is central to family kinship and will usually commence from the person who first brought the name into prominence and caused it to be respected. It does not necessarily mean that the family commenced from the institution of a name or that the individual holding the title was the founder of the family. Former
271:
upon him, but only to further smart under his oppressive rule. Whereas the
Tonumaipeʻa clan had earlier taken all the royal titles and left the districts to run their own affairs, the reverse happened in Manono's case. The Manono/Tonumaipeʻa party ignored the royal titles but took the malo (executive
917:, 65% overall, live with their families in villages on customary land. However, the 2006 Samoa census showed that 34 out of 48 political districts had more than 80% of households living on customary land with the lowest figures (25%) in the more densely concentrated urbanised area around the capital
275:
And so for the first time for many generations, the dignity passed from the family of Fonoti and thus from the line of the ancient Queen
Salamasina. Aʻana not only lost the prestige it had so long held in this connection but the royal residence no longer was situated in the province, the new king
760:
their status and antiquity, carry the dual functions of orator-chief. These are also referred to as 'matua' (elder), most notable of which are the
Fuataga and Tafua of Aleipata, Moeono and 'Iuli of Falefa, Tofuaʻiofoʻia and Talo of Falealili, Teʻo and Maugatai of Safata. In former times the term
759:
There are two different ranks within the Samoan chief system. There is the 'high' or 'sacred' chief known as the Aliʻi and ʻorator' chief known as
Tulafale. The system is found in every district throughout Samoa. In some places, there is also the Tulafale-alii, a chief of high rank who, owing to
1103:
to be bestowed with the title. Other cultural factors can also play a part in the complex decision making process including seniority in age (an important factor in Samoan society), leadership qualities, oratory and an individual's ability to contribute to the family's overall circumstances and
841:
The power balance this system carries is often depicted in cultural and social settings. Aliʻi are known to not to say much during these meetings as the
Tulafale are the traditional mouthpiece tasked with interpreting the will of the Aliʻi. In doing so, tulafale have over the centuries become a
1626:
title succession as well as disagreements pertaining to customary land. The court derives from the Native Land and Titles Court put in place under the colonial German administration in 1901. Samoa's political stability is thought to be due in large part to the success of this court in hearing
870:), are valued very highly both from a monetary point of view and also from a historical and sentimental viewpoint. The more important mats bear respected names. The most noteworthy occasions on which mats are presented are marriages, births and deaths and the bestowal of a chiefly title.
262:
The new malo was led by the Manono high chief Leiʻataua
Lelologa, His son Tamafaiga, succeeded him and assumed the attributes of a god as well as those of a king. He was actually worshipped as a god and developed into a tyrant. In the hope of escaping from his tyranny, the people of
1073:
to their children or direct descendants but are bestowed upon those whom the extended family agree will best serve their needs while also ensuring that different branches of the family are represented. A recent example of this Samoan custom and law is the stripping of the important
436:
has some limits. They are called upon to discuss all important matters with everyone of significance belonging to the family union. If the matter is of minor importance and only of interest to the immediate village family, more distant relations may be omitted from discussion.
571:, referring to paramount status over a particular region or the entire island group, has sometimes been translated incorrectly to the English language as "king" in the European sense. The relatively brief usage of the term "king" died out with the end of colonialism.
961:
is significant in modern-day politics in Samoa in terms of the nation's economic development, conservation, sustainability, tourism, national infrastructure and access to natural resources such as water, forestry, road access, agriculture and farming.
806:– 'speech-maker') are terms used for Samoans holding the position of speakers or mouthpieces of chiefs and they are found in all villages. They are also described as 'wayfinders who negotiate the relationships between different parties'. Important
1342:
title, each person's
Christian name serves to distinguish them from each other. Dividing a family title so that it is shared among more than one family member is also agreed upon by consensus. The Samoans explain this by saying that a man has a
258:
On the death of the Safe-o-fafine, the last king in the Sa Tupua line, the title remained in abeyance for a long time, as the line of succession was broken after Atua's defeat in war and the seat of power moved briefly from
Lufilufi to Manono.
814:
titles. Orators serve the means of conveying the wishes of chiefs to the people or speaking on behalf of the family, village or district on important occasions. The orator is the recorder of family histories and pedigree
1098:
title on its current holder. Having not secured the consent of the title's governing family, Sā Fenunuivao of Falefa and Salani, it would not be until their acquiescence in 1986 that eventually led to an agreement for
989:
have agreed with government support to an unprecedented 120-year lease of prime oceanfront land to an American company to build a tourism resort estimated to cost US$ 450–500 million. In conservation, the villages of
671:
in carrying out their role and responsibilities according to Samoan tradition, cultural obligations and duty. This often involves the family contributing money and important cultural items such as
1157:
dictates seating positions inside the meeting house during the title bestowal including the position of those making the kava being situated at the rear. Once the ceremony is completed, the new
313:
includes not only the immediate family (father, mother and children), but also the whole union of families of a clan and even those who although not related are subject to the family control.
272:
power). This was a political move, as claiming the Tafaʻifa was irrelevant to the substance of power and would only validate his defeated foes' traditional authority to distribute patronage.
1090:
claiming the bestowal invalid in breach of Samoan law. In June 2008, the court agreed and ruled the bestowal of the Malietoa title upon the son illegal, highlighting the unique nature of
939:
may make their wishes known and bequeath certain property to others such as a married daughter, but they cannot transfer land rights beyond their own. Under the management of one or more
845:
Men and women both have equal rights to the matai title. The Chiefs are responsible for their village/family, whenever needed, they must be there to support them. (Faʻalavelave) . Samoan
393:) by the different groups and at these councils the single family heads exchange opinions and endeavour to convince each other and to create harmony in order that when the actual
2607:
1916:
1599:. This can apply to everyone else, including females in Samoa, where a family member, especially a child, might be called a new name to commemorate an important occasion.
798:
Central to Samoan culture is the recording of history and genealogy which was achieved through oral history before the introduction of a written language. Orator chiefs (
2232:
1517:, the steersperson of the boat. In this case they do not actually do the steering but their advice is listened to and their family profits from their ripe experience.
1307:
names from different branches of their genealogy, the new names are also added before their Christian name, with no set order in terms of general usage. An example is
453:
shared title name only, in which case they are not referred to at all in family matters and may be deprived of their names at the will of their superior at any time.
1082:(1913–2007). Following Malietoa Tanumafili II's death in 2007, one branch of the family bestowed the title upon his son Papaliʻi Faʻamausili Moli in the village of
657:
which is peculiar and particular to that family is the subject of tradition and is faithfully recorded by the family and passed on from generation to generation.
1013:
when the colonial era ended. This includes large tracts of plantation land from the 19th century as well as later periods of colonial administration including
350:
The speakers address the assembly and stand to do so. The listeners are comfortably seated on mats. Those not taking part in these assemblies are described as
2443:
1094:
selection based on consensus, merit, custom and due process rather than automatic hereditary selection. A similar situation arose during the bestowal of the
495:, who are themselves selected by consensus of their families, including non-matai family members. Therefore, every Samoan Member of Parliament is also a
1595:(an untitled man) to change his name as often as he wishes. A chance remark or an outstanding incident will often be the determining factor in naming a
1311:
whose first three names reveal individual high chief titles and thereby his genealogy and the different villages and families to which he belonged; the
487:
could vote and stand as candidates in elections to parliament. In 1990, the voting system was changed by the Electoral Amendment Act which introduced
525:
head their families and represent their villages, communities and districts, important high-ranking title-holders came to play significant roles in
2114:
2106:
1685:
2556:
327:
is felt not only in the village but also in the district and even beyond. The active factor in the life of the village is the village council or
1832:
1501:
Seniority in years and old age is a respected status in Samoan society where elders, whether familiars or complete strangers, are referred to as
1275:
on 2 September 2014 during the United Nations' Small Island Development Conference while serving as the Secretary General of the United Nations.
1243:, where Cox had lived for many years and later helped to set up a covenant to protect the native rainforest. In 1978, the Governor-General of
2509:
172:("sons of the families") that afford them leadership over the royal families of Samoa. All heads of state of Samoa have been drawn from the
2669:
943:
the lands are divided amongst the various families for their own use and are viewed by these family members as their unassailable rights.
3571:
1846:
1384:'s total population of 192,126 (2016 census), 93,463 were female, comprising 48.6% of the population. In 2011, there were 1,766 female
864:
There are many Samoan public events at which the distribution of mats will take place. Many of these mats, particularly the fine mats (
2200:
1924:
1308:
660:
It sometimes happens that new names are for some reason taken and the old ones discarded or passed on to lesser or junior chiefs.
2722:
925:, where there are fewer people and fewer signs of western material culture, 93% of the 43,142 population live on customary land.
707:
extended to life and limb but this power has been altered and absorbed by a Western-style modern government (referred to as the
3442:
2709:
2479:
2149:
1183:
titles are sometimes conferred upon non-Samoans as an honour by Samoan families and their villages. An example is the title of
560:
upon their own candidate during the tumultuous years of the late 19th century, leading to warring among competing high-ranking
2381:
2642:
1808:
1770:
1287:
title is always first in naming convention as the most important name for a titled individual. When a person is appointed a
663:
In Samoan culture, the concept of serving and taking on the responsibility for the welfare of the family is integral to the
21:
2744:
1451:
3968:
3495:
3094:
284:
180:
titles - titles that indicate sovereignty or leadership over a designated territory or kinship network. These titles are
1139:
by their family and village into the circle of chiefs and orators. It involves the gathering of chiefs and orators in a
316:
At the local level, much of the country's civil and criminal matters are dealt with by some 360 village chief councils,
213:, performing dual roles as chiefs and modern politicians, with the exception of the two seats reserved for non-Samoans.
3973:
3963:
3705:
2243:
3948:
3591:
3535:
3530:
2628:
2279:
2122:
2082:
2045:
2008:
1886:
1731:
1697:
853:
of the family have by comparison become unimportant and their names have fallen into disuse or become uninfluential.
928:
Looking after the collective family land is one of the most important responsibilities of Samoan families and their
3601:
3283:
2662:
2454:
1762:
Su'esu'e Manogi: In Search of Fragrance. : Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Ta'isi and the Samoan Indigenous Reference
2205:
556:) in order to gain political influence in Samoa. This led to the colonial powers bestowing the European title of
323:
Most Samoans live in villages consisting of groups of families with close ties and history. The influence of the
1564:(immature), is a young man who has not reached maturity. It is nowadays applied to any male person who is not a
491:
and the right to vote for adults aged 21-years and over. However, the right to stand for elections remains with
3715:
3685:
1616:
1087:
634:
titles can be bestowed on one person or numerous family members who are distinguished from each other by their
354:(people of the village) and include untitled men, women and children. Democratic ideas do not prevail at these
1009:
Much of the land under the government today was alienated or sold during colonialism and later came under the
189:
3700:
3339:
3306:
3258:
3153:
2355:
1029:
1010:
500:
206:
80:, central to the organization of Samoan society. It is the traditional indigenous form of governance in both
55:
3581:
2716:
2531:
1545:
609:
1974:
1403:(authority) of the family but this does not often occur. Should she have both she will usually bestow her
3759:
2787:
2732:
2655:
1100:
139:. About 81% (567,000 acres), is under customary ownership, with the rest under the national government (
39:
rope with a wooden handle) over their left shoulder. The central elder holds the orator's wooden staff (
3943:
3670:
3520:
3510:
3435:
3136:
954:(The man who sells family land will not live to an old age – devils will bring about his early death).
1525:
3953:
3938:
3785:
2942:
2856:
1439:
224:
out of a total population of 180,741 (8.7%); 12,589 (79.8%) were male and 3,194 (20.2%) were female.
3874:
3221:
3128:
1759:
Suaalii-Sauni, Tamasailau M.; Tuagalu, I'uogafa; Kirifi-Alai, Tofilau Nina; Fuamatu, Naomi (eds.).
1427:
1199:, a New Zealand city with a large Samoan population. Other non-Samoan New Zealanders bestowed with
31:
2501:
3710:
3606:
3586:
3490:
2991:
2985:
2978:
1646:
890:
593:
504:
2329:
1580:
is used to signify that a man is aged or elderly (a respectful status in Samoa) whether he be a
1299:
title is appended to the beginning of their name so that their Christian name follows their new
1127:, literally "formal name") are bestowed upon family members during a cultural ceremony called a
3958:
3822:
3235:
2031:
1619:
which consists of cultural and judicial experts appointed by the Judicial Services Commission.
1416:
1188:
1113:
1079:
2269:
2072:
1998:
343:
authority of every village in Samoa. If a matter is of importance the assembly is held on the
320:, according to traditional law, a practice further strengthened by the 1990 Village Fono Law.
192:, former prime minister and head of state of Samoa. The Gatoaitele title is currently held by
3827:
3812:
3802:
3797:
3650:
3566:
3500:
3428:
3057:
1721:
1154:
1140:
630:
names are for the most part very old ones and are handed down from generation to generation.
553:
60:
2000:
Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights & Civil Liberties, 1996–1997
909:
of the family is the administrator and representative of the family property which includes
3859:
3749:
3675:
3468:
3273:
2727:
2430:
1192:
1006:
at the west end of Savaiʻi have agreed to conservation covenants for their native forests.
2578:
2303:
449:) are independent in family matters concerning their own single family unless they have a
358:
s and decisions are independent of majority or minority rule. The decision of one or more
8:
3241:
3187:
3123:
3052:
3014:
2174:
1477:
With many Samoans also living overseas in other countries, other prominent Samoan female
1463:
1168:
with the Department of Internal Affairs and it is believed that many of these are adding
626:) by and through which they exercise their rights in the family over which they preside.
163:
2210:
424:
holding more than one title or living away from the village where their title belonged.
3771:
3655:
3576:
3554:
3301:
3268:
3146:
3141:
3118:
2963:
2877:
2824:
2704:
1826:
549:
488:
483:
system is entrenched in Samoan politics. From the country's independence in 1962, only
3879:
3854:
3690:
3680:
3633:
3483:
3248:
3226:
3216:
3211:
3182:
3177:
2851:
2749:
2638:
2624:
2406:
2275:
2118:
2078:
2041:
2004:
1882:
1814:
1804:
1776:
1766:
1727:
1693:
1145:
meeting house, the exchanging of oratory speeches, the reciting of genealogies and a
878:
509:
474:
193:
1796:
1692:. Institute of Pacific Studies of the University of the South Pacific. p. 103.
1533:, the son of a Samoan chief, in ceremonial attire including an elaborate headdress (
1164:
In New Zealand, more people born in Samoa than any other foreign country officially
111:, the holders of family chief titles, and their role in looking after their family.
3908:
3741:
3729:
3645:
3515:
3473:
3460:
3293:
3288:
3192:
3112:
3080:
3063:
3047:
2872:
2801:
1661:
1636:
1568:. In the past the term was sometimes used to indicate that any male person, even a
1196:
995:
3889:
1053:
649:
titles, but one particular title will be the most important and serve as the main
3869:
3849:
3838:
3807:
3263:
3089:
3041:
2909:
2035:
1876:
1412:
1332:
1043:
947:
461:
309:), based on the culture's communal and extended family relationships. The term ʻa
181:
116:
97:
685:
to ensure the family's obligations are met in their village or wider community.
3917:
3884:
3864:
3817:
3611:
3253:
3171:
3107:
3101:
2997:
2937:
2808:
2113:. Institute of Pacific Studies of the University of the South Pacific. p.
1651:
1248:
1216:
1204:
1095:
957:
With most of the country's land under customary ownership, the position of the
910:
728:
667:
system. Various members of the family are called upon in turn to support their
635:
533:
242:
198:
168:
151:
144:
136:
85:
81:
3003:
1881:. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific. p. 162.
1780:
1611:
titles which cannot be resolved among family members within the wide extended
503:. This applies to most Samoans in positions of public responsibility from the
3932:
3844:
3596:
3545:
3478:
3399:
3008:
1818:
1656:
1232:
1032:, disputes which directly impact upon the country's national infrastructure.
986:
978:
866:
541:
537:
303:
Samoa's chiefly system revolves around family and extended clans of kinship (
121:
529:
politics with the advent of western powers and rivalry in the 19th century.
3525:
3505:
3394:
1482:
1224:
1014:
692:
titles in Samoa, although the role of women in Samoan society means female
579:
420:
responsibilities. The 4% 'not active' was explained as possibly due to the
370:
to listen, agree with the decisions given. It is permissible for the minor
981:
plant on village land because of environmental concerns. In contrast, the
3376:
3331:
2968:
2579:"Samoa Lands and Titles Court to announce on Malietoa title on 18th June"
1641:
1357:
names. They may all enjoy the same rights or be under the control of one
1268:
1208:
1165:
1078:
title from the son of the previous title holder, the late Head of State,
970:
894:
723:
673:
526:
232:
Two great families comprise what may be termed the aristocracy of Samoa:
159:
44:
1328:
1131:
which occurs only after discussion and consensus within the family. The
135:) and the protection of family property, consisting most importantly of
3368:
1723:
Chiefs Today: Traditional Pacific Leadership and the Postcolonial State
1260:
1212:
974:
922:
252:
202:
newspaper. There are no official holders of the other two pāpā titles.
48:
2635:
O Tama a ʻāiga: The Politics of Succession to Sāmoa's Paramount Titles
1800:
O tama a 'aiga = he politics of succession to Samoa's paramount titles
1760:
715:
s authority is confined and balanced against the national governance.
3350:
2754:
2647:
2608:
Final 2006 Samoa Census Report, Samoa Bureau of Statistics, July 2008
1798:
1513:
usually enjoys the respect of their family and is referred to as the
1240:
1025:
1003:
826:
Tulafale have a number of ceremonial items associated with them. The
251:(Sovereign) was confined to members of the latter since the reign of
29:, the two older men bearing the symbols of orator chief status – the
2893:
699:
Before the advent of European contact and influence, the authority (
3616:
3278:
2796:
2739:
2689:
2678:
1612:
1324:
1264:
1220:
1075:
340:
305:
235:
155:
131:
3405:
1758:
268:
264:
188:, Gatoaitele and Vaetamasoalii. The Tui Ātua is currently held by
185:
3832:
3420:
3322:
2973:
2915:
1803:. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific.
1407:
title on one of her family, probably her husband, and retain the
1256:
1048:
1020:
This has resulted in ongoing court cases for land claims between
898:
374:
to discuss the matter with and endeavour to try to influence the
2233:"Ancestral ways, modern voices: The Samoan path to conservation"
1353:
refers to brother chiefs, those men in the family union holding
1135:
is a solemn ceremony which marks the formal acceptance of a new
2899:
2765:
2201:"Samoa department warns that sale of customary land is illegal"
1560:. The real meaning of the word, which is derived from the word
991:
883:
217:
36:
2444:"Samoa's Pre-Contact Connections in West Polynesia and Beyond"
582:
which eventually led to Western Samoa's independence in 1962.
499:, performing dual roles as a 'chief' as well as duties in the
416:
were actively involved in village activities as part of their
176:. In addition, these four paramount chiefs are often accorded
150:
At the apex of this system are the four major title holders –
67:
and orators according to their status, rank, role and ceremony
3451:
3386:
1381:
1316:
1083:
999:
914:
409:
288:
129:
system is the welfare and well-being of the extended family (
89:
77:
1291:, they retain their Christian name in addition to their new
3358:
2886:
1481:
include New Zealand former Member of Parliament Luamanuvao
1244:
1146:
918:
752:
598:
557:
466:
2150:"O le Tulāfale (the orator) – language wayfinder of Sāmoa"
1086:. The other branches of the family filed petitions at the
3764:
2557:"Village-based women urged to seek Samoan chiefly titles"
1797:
Tuimaleali'ifano, Morgan A. (19..-....). Auteur. (2006).
1065:
title pertaining to their kinship and ancestry. However,
578:
leadership played a pivotal role in the pro-independence
2451:
Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai'i, Manoa
1338:
As more than one family member can be bestowed the same
1061:
In effect, every Samoan, men and women, is an heir to a
1017:(1900–1914) followed by the New Zealand administration.
823:) and events and is indispensable at public ceremonies.
2502:"Matai – How to become a Samoan Chief [Part 2]"
2104:
1683:
2382:"Winston Peters picks up illegal matai title in Samoa"
1552:
The Samoan appellation for a male person who is not a
718:
507:
to the country's Head of State, who is referred to as
1719:
1365:, in which case the other chiefs are referred to as
1303:
title. As one person may hold a number of different
1122:
950:
highlighting the importance of land in Samoa reads,
621:
1024:and the government, such as that of the village of
366:) is decisive. The remainder who are merely at the
76:is the indigenous political ('chiefly') system of
2411:NZ Institute of Food Science & Technology Inc
1149:ceremony followed by a feast provided by the new
3930:
2274:. University of the South Pacific. p. 117.
2030:
1720:White, Geoffrey Miles; Lamont Lindstrom (1997).
1576:signifies young or comparatively young, just as
2480:"Prince Tupua Ban Ki-moon of Siupapa Saleapaga"
1949:, McCarron, Stewart & Co., 1907, p. 29
1847:"Samoa editor confirmed paramount title holder"
768:, but over time the term has become applied to
397:eventuates everything will move smoothly. Some
2040:. University of the South Pacific. p. 6.
1622:The Land and Titles Court hears disputes over
1509:(mother). In this cultural context, a retired
977:turning down a government proposal to build a
227:
3436:
2663:
2623:. Samoa : National University of Samoa.
1273:Prince Tupua Ban Ki-moon of Siupapa Saleapaga
834:made from carpels of the pandanus fruit, and
405:without having any right to make a decision.
2431:Congressional Record: Eni F.H. Faleomavaega
2302:Autagavaia, Autagavaia Tipi (19 June 2008).
1419:urged more women to put themselves forward.
1187:conferred in 1993 by Samoa's Head of State,
107:Of central importance in the system are the
2240:United Nations Development Programme, Samoa
1831:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1069:titles are not automatically passed from a
469:housing administrative ministerial offices.
295:meetings take place and open commons area (
3443:
3429:
2670:
2656:
2356:"Asians ditch identities in hunt for jobs"
2301:
2098:
1996:
1917:"Final Population and Housing Census 2011"
347:, the open space in front of the village.
196:, a respected journalist and owner of the
2637:. Fiji: University of the South Pacific.
2441:
2066:
2064:
1726:. Stanford University Press. p. 45.
389:commences preliminary councils are held (
247:For a great length of time, the title of
2271:Lalaga: A Short History of Western Samoa
2267:
2070:
1524:
1161:is henceforth called by their new name.
1042:
889:
877:
722:
696:comprise a relatively small percentage.
592:
460:
412:also revealed that 96% of the country's
291:village with round meeting houses where
283:
54:
20:
2003:. Transaction Publishers. p. 528.
1976:An Account of Samoan History up to 1918
1426:in Samoa include scholar and historian
952:E le soifua umi le tagata faʻatau fanua
810:titles are also tied to certain orator
755:ceremony, central to Samoan traditions.
47:, fine matting. The other two men wear
3931:
2677:
2147:
2061:
2024:
1972:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1602:
856:
677:(fine mats) as well as food which the
516:
119:system of governance and way of life (
3424:
2651:
2571:
2379:
2143:
2141:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1572:, was not an old man. In this sense,
125:) in Samoan culture. Inherent in the
2295:
2225:
2193:
2167:
2107:"Western Samoa: the sacred covenant"
1792:
1790:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1686:"Western Samoa: the sacred covenant"
1679:
1677:
1452:Gatoloaifaana Amataga Alesana-Gidlow
1278:
2621:Samoa Faʻamatai and the Rule of Law
2353:
2327:
2304:"Moli loses Samoa's Malietoa title"
2105:Fana'afi Le Tagaloa, Aiono (1986).
2077:. University of the South Pacific.
1902:
1684:Fana'afi Le Tagaloa, Aiono (1986).
719:Aliʻi, Tulafale & Tulafale-alii
688:Men and women have equal rights to
513:(the chieftain of the government).
465:Government Building in the capital
13:
3450:
2613:
2330:"An Introduction to Samoan Custom"
2321:
2261:
2175:"Samoa's Sili hydro plan scuttled"
2138:
1990:
1953:
1865:
1309:Mataʻafa Faumuina Fiame Mulinuʻu I
1231:. In 1988, American ethnobotanist
1035:
965:An example in recent years is the
456:
143:) as public lands with another 4%
100:for "in the way of") and the word
14:
3985:
2633:Tuimalealiʻifano, Morgan (2006).
2601:
2512:from the original on 1 March 2021
1878:New Politics in the South pacific
1787:
1747:
1674:
1438:), high chief and Prime Minister
1107:
873:
209:, all 47 Samoan members are also
3544:
2764:
2442:Terry L. Hunt, Shawn S. Barnes.
2380:Field, Michael (4 August 2007).
1464:Letuimanuʻasina Emma Kruse Vaʻai
597:High chief Seumanutafa Pogai of
401:are permitted to speak at these
92:. The term comprises the prefix
2583:Radio New Zealand International
2549:
2532:"Census 2016 Preliminary count"
2524:
2494:
2472:
2435:
2424:
2399:
2373:
2347:
2308:Radio New Zealand International
2206:Radio New Zealand International
2179:Radio New Zealand International
1520:
1203:titles include prime ministers
2037:Samoan women: widening choices
1939:
1839:
1713:
1617:Land and Titles Court of Samoa
1372:
1175:
1088:Land and Titles Court of Samoa
585:
1:
2482:. UN Web TV. 2 September 2014
2453:. p. 227. Archived from
2354:Tan, Lincoln (3 April 2010).
2209:. 15 May 2002. Archived from
1667:
1538:
1411:. In 2017, New Zealand-based
1235:received the legendary title
1030:Faleolo International Airport
830:(whisk), a specific necklace
653:title. The title of a family
602:
279:
207:Legislative Assembly of Samoa
2537:. Samoa Bureau of Statistics
2386:LaSpecula International News
2148:Mallon, Sean (29 May 2022).
2111:Land Rights of Pacific Women
1690:Land Rights of Pacific Women
998:district at the east end of
913:. Most of the population in
681:presents on behalf of the ʻa
427:
63:there are seating areas for
7:
1997:Karatnycky, Adrian (1998).
1923:. July 2012. Archived from
1630:
1263:island during his visit to
1123:
1101:Tui Ātua Tupua Tamasese Efi
622:
574:In the early 20th century,
228:Former system of government
220:of Samoa identified 15,783
190:Tui Ātua Tupua Tamasese Efi
10:
3990:
3969:Politics of American Samoa
3572:Cities, towns and villages
3536:2021 constitutional crisis
2074:The Making of Modern Samoa
1921:Samoa Bureau of Statistics
1496:
1111:
472:
90:Independent State of Samoa
35:(flywhisk made of organic
3974:Society of American Samoa
3964:Culture of American Samoa
3902:
3793:
3784:
3737:
3728:
3641:
3632:
3562:
3553:
3542:
3459:
3385:
3367:
3349:
3330:
3321:
3202:
3164:
3073:
3034:
3027:
2953:
2927:
2865:
2844:
2837:
2817:
2780:
2773:
2762:
2697:
2686:
2334:NZ Electronic Text Centre
2268:Meleisea, Malama (1987).
2071:Meleisea, Malama (1987).
299:) for outdoor ceremonies.
267:conferred their title of
43:) of office and wears an
3949:Samoan words and phrases
1591:It is permissible for a
1428:Aiono Fanaafi Le Tagaloa
1417:Tagaloatele Peggy Dunlop
1347:– a piece of the title.
751:) vessel represents the
641:It is common for each ʻa
564:in different districts.
331:and its members are the
104:(family name or title).
2688:(*) : state where
2619:Vaai, Saleimoa (1999).
2032:Fairbairn-Dunlop, Peggy
1947:The Cyclopedia of Samoa
1529:Young man dressed as a
1392:living in the country.
1251:was bestowed the title
731:showing the symbols of
505:Prime Minister of Samoa
16:Chiefly system of Samoa
3511:New Zealand occupation
2559:. RNZ. 7 December 2017
2360:The New Zealand Herald
1615:are dealt with by the
1549:
1388:, 10.5% of the 16,787
1335:names in the country.
1189:Malietoa Tanumafili II
1080:Malietoa Tanumafili II
1058:
902:
887:
838:(long wooden staffs).
756:
613:
470:
300:
68:
52:
3716:Deputy Prime Minister
3501:Tripartite Convention
1973:Tuvale, Te'o (1918).
1528:
1450:), former politician
1155:Architecture of Samoa
1046:
893:
881:
743:fly whisk. The round
726:
596:
554:Malietoa Tanumafili I
544:supporting different
532:The colonial era saw
464:
432:The authority of the
339:is the executive and
287:
61:architecture of Samoa
58:
51:with patterned design
24:
3750:Western Samoan pound
2460:on 18 September 2009
1875:Drage, Jean (1994).
1440:Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa
1271:was given the title
1239:from the village of
1227:who holds the title
969:from the village of
791:) is referred to as
645:to have a number of
441:subject to a senior
2750:South Africa (Zulu)
1603:Disputes resolution
1395:A woman can hold a
1114:Samoa 'ava ceremony
921:. On the island of
739:orator's staff and
517:Colonial influences
408:The 2006 census of
3760:Telecommunications
3592:Samoan plant names
3496:Colonial governors
1550:
1515:faʻatonutonu folau
1399:name and have the
1331:title, one of the
1267:'s sacred ground.
1166:change their names
1059:
903:
888:
779:is referred to as
757:
614:
489:universal suffrage
471:
301:
69:
53:
3944:Politics of Samoa
3926:
3925:
3898:
3897:
3780:
3779:
3724:
3723:
3706:Political parties
3692:O le Ao o le Malo
3671:Foreign relations
3628:
3627:
3484:1889 Apia cyclone
3418:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3317:
3316:
3231:Baltic countries
3023:
3022:
2833:
2832:
2643:978-982-02-0377-8
1927:on 1 January 2011
1810:978-982-02-0377-8
1772:978-1-77550-359-0
1647:Tuʻimalealiʻifano
1279:Naming convention
973:on the island of
552:and the youthful
510:O le Ao o le Malo
501:Samoan parliament
475:Politics of Samoa
194:Savea Sano Malifa
3981:
3954:Society of Samoa
3939:Culture of Samoa
3911:
3791:
3790:
3754:
3745:
3735:
3734:
3696:
3666:
3665:(chiefly system)
3639:
3638:
3620:
3560:
3559:
3548:
3491:Second Civil War
3445:
3438:
3431:
3422:
3421:
3377:Marshall Islands
3328:
3327:
3203:Central, Eastern
3032:
3031:
2842:
2841:
2778:
2777:
2768:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2649:
2648:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2536:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2459:
2448:
2439:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2328:Grattan, F.J.H.
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2248:
2242:. Archived from
2237:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1970:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1913:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1822:
1794:
1785:
1784:
1756:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1681:
1543:
1542: 1890–1910
1540:
1422:Prominent women
1197:Mayor of Manukau
1126:
1051:women preparing
1011:Samoa government
819:), genealogies (
802:) and speakers (
783:. The wife of a
764:applied only to
625:
607:
606: 1890–1910
604:
567:The Samoan term
253:Queen Salamasina
164:Tuimalealiʻifano
3989:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3914:
3907:
3894:
3875:Public holidays
3776:
3752:
3743:
3720:
3695:(head of state)
3694:
3676:Law enforcement
3664:
3624:
3618:
3602:Protected areas
3549:
3540:
3531:2009 earthquake
3521:Trust Territory
3474:First Civil War
3455:
3449:
3419:
3410:
3381:
3363:
3345:
3313:
3204:
3198:
3160:
3102:The Netherlands
3069:
3019:
2949:
2923:
2861:
2829:
2813:
2769:
2760:
2693:
2682:
2676:
2616:
2614:Further reading
2604:
2599:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2446:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2362:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2249:on 20 June 2010
2246:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2181:. 12 March 2004
2173:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2146:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2069:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1971:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1915:
1914:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1873:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1853:. 14 April 2016
1845:
1844:
1840:
1824:
1823:
1811:
1795:
1788:
1773:
1757:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1682:
1675:
1670:
1633:
1605:
1541:
1523:
1499:
1472:Letuimanuʻasina
1413:Pacific studies
1378:
1281:
1178:
1116:
1110:
1041:
876:
862:
787:(orator status
775:The wife of an
721:
605:
591:
550:Mataʻafa Iosefo
519:
477:
459:
457:Modern politics
430:
282:
230:
205:In the 49-seat
166:- known as the
117:socio-political
17:
12:
11:
5:
3987:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3913:
3912:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3711:Prime Minister
3708:
3703:
3698:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3614:
3612:Samoan Islands
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3454: articles
3448:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3425:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:Samoan Islands
3391:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3355:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3336:
3334:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3154:United Kingdom
3151:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3113:United Kingdom
3110:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3084:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3038:
3036:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2890:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2802:post-Columbian
2799:
2791:
2784:
2782:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2675:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2631:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2603:
2602:External links
2600:
2597:
2596:
2570:
2548:
2523:
2493:
2471:
2434:
2423:
2407:"Dick Hubbard"
2398:
2372:
2346:
2320:
2294:
2280:
2260:
2224:
2213:on 6 June 2012
2192:
2166:
2154:Te Papa’s Blog
2137:
2123:
2097:
2083:
2060:
2046:
2023:
2009:
1989:
1952:
1938:
1901:
1887:
1864:
1838:
1809:
1786:
1771:
1746:
1732:
1712:
1698:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1652:Tupua Tamasese
1649:
1644:
1639:
1632:
1629:
1607:Disputes over
1604:
1601:
1522:
1519:
1498:
1495:
1377:
1371:
1361:who is termed
1280:
1277:
1249:George Cakobau
1217:Winston Peters
1205:Robert Muldoon
1195:, at the time
1177:
1174:
1109:
1108:Title bestowal
1106:
1096:Tupua Tamasese
1040:
1034:
948:Samoan proverb
911:customary land
899:Apolima Island
875:
874:Customary land
872:
861:
855:
729:American Samoa
720:
717:
636:Christian name
590:
584:
518:
515:
473:Main article:
458:
455:
429:
426:
281:
278:
229:
226:
199:Samoa Observer
152:Tupua Tamasese
137:customary land
86:American Samoa
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3986:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3959:Tribal chiefs
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3890:ʻAva ceremony
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3547:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3446:
3441:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3129:Great Britain
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2944:
2943:Indo-European
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2797:pre-Columbian
2795:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2680:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2659:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2629:982-9003-09-4
2626:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2585:. 29 May 2008
2584:
2580:
2574:
2558:
2552:
2533:
2527:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2481:
2475:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2432:
2427:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2387:
2383:
2376:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2283:
2281:982-02-0029-6
2277:
2273:
2272:
2264:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2228:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2142:
2126:
2124:982-02-0012-1
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2086:
2084:982-02-0031-8
2080:
2076:
2075:
2067:
2065:
2049:
2047:982-02-0360-0
2043:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2012:
2010:0-7658-0422-0
2006:
2002:
2001:
1993:
1978:
1977:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1948:
1942:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1890:
1888:9789820201156
1884:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1869:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1834:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1793:
1791:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1735:
1733:0-8047-2851-8
1729:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1701:
1699:982-02-0012-1
1695:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1547:
1546:Thomas Andrew
1536:
1532:
1527:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1462:) and writer
1461:
1460:Gatoloaifaana
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:Paul Alan Cox
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1215:, politician
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1028:over land by
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:Vaʻa-o-Fonoti
993:
988:
984:
980:
979:hydroelectric
976:
972:
968:
963:
960:
955:
953:
949:
944:
942:
938:
933:
931:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
900:
896:
892:
885:
880:
871:
869:
868:
860:
854:
852:
848:
843:
839:
837:
833:
829:
824:
822:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
675:
670:
666:
661:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
624:
619:
611:
610:Thomas Andrew
600:
595:
588:
583:
581:
577:
572:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:United States
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
514:
512:
511:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
476:
468:
463:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
337:fono of matai
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
314:
312:
308:
307:
298:
294:
290:
286:
277:
273:
270:
266:
260:
256:
254:
250:
246:
244:
238:
237:
225:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
203:
201:
200:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
110:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:, comprising
83:
79:
75:
74:
66:
62:
57:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
33:
28:
23:
19:
3837:
3828:Demographics
3813:Coat of arms
3803:Architecture
3691:
3661:
3660:
3651:Constitution
3526:Independence
3516:World War II
3506:German Samoa
3236:Ritterschaft
3234:
3205:and Caucasus
2914:
2892:
2885:
2692:still exists
2634:
2620:
2587:. Retrieved
2582:
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2551:
2539:. Retrieved
2526:
2514:. Retrieved
2506:1samoana.com
2505:
2496:
2484:. Retrieved
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2455:the original
2450:
2437:
2426:
2414:. Retrieved
2410:
2401:
2389:. Retrieved
2385:
2375:
2363:. Retrieved
2359:
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2333:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2270:
2263:
2251:. Retrieved
2244:the original
2239:
2227:
2217:30 September
2215:. Retrieved
2211:the original
2204:
2195:
2183:. Retrieved
2178:
2169:
2157:. Retrieved
2153:
2128:. Retrieved
2110:
2100:
2088:. Retrieved
2073:
2051:. Retrieved
2036:
2026:
2014:. Retrieved
1999:
1992:
1980:. Retrieved
1975:
1946:
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1925:the original
1920:
1892:. Retrieved
1877:
1855:. Retrieved
1850:
1841:
1799:
1761:
1737:. Retrieved
1722:
1715:
1703:. Retrieved
1689:
1662:Tuli Leʻiato
1623:
1621:
1608:
1606:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1544:. (photo by
1534:
1530:
1521:Untitled men
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:(father) or
1502:
1500:
1490:
1486:
1483:Winnie Laban
1478:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1423:
1421:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1272:
1252:
1236:
1229:Galumalemana
1228:
1225:Dick Hubbard
1223:businessman
1200:
1193:Barry Curtis
1184:
1180:
1179:
1169:
1163:
1158:
1150:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1117:
1104:well-being.
1091:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1052:
1036:
1021:
1019:
1015:German Samoa
1008:
982:
966:
964:
958:
956:
951:
945:
940:
936:
934:
929:
927:
906:
904:
901:(1890–1910).
865:
863:
858:
850:
846:
844:
840:
835:
831:
827:
825:
820:
816:
811:
807:
803:
799:
797:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
774:
769:
765:
761:
758:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
712:
711:) where the
708:
704:
700:
698:
693:
689:
687:
682:
678:
672:
668:
664:
662:
659:
654:
650:
646:
642:
640:
631:
627:
620:has a name (
617:
615:
608:. (photo by
586:
580:Mau movement
575:
573:
568:
566:
561:
545:
531:
522:
520:
508:
496:
492:
484:
480:
478:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
421:
417:
413:
407:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
384:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
349:
344:
336:
332:
329:fono o matai
328:
324:
322:
318:Fono o Matai
317:
315:
310:
304:
302:
296:
292:
274:
261:
257:
248:
240:
233:
231:
221:
215:
210:
204:
197:
177:
173:
167:
149:
140:
130:
126:
120:
112:
108:
106:
101:
93:
72:
71:
70:
64:
40:
30:
26:
18:
3860:LGBT rights
3582:Earthquakes
3469:Archaeology
3332:Australasia
3108:Switzerland
3004:Philippines
2960:Indonesia*
2563:1 September
2541:1 September
2516:18 November
2287:25 February
2253:10 November
2185:26 February
1982:25 February
1705:25 February
1597:tauleʻaleʻa
1593:tauleʻaleʻa
1586:tauleʻaleʻa
1574:tauleʻaleʻa
1558:tauleʻaleʻa
1323:title from
1315:title from
1295:title. The
1269:Ban Ki-moon
1247:, Ratu Sir
1209:David Lange
1176:Non-Samoans
1002:island and
897:village in
895:Apolima Tai
857:Fine mats:
772:generally.
385:Before the
382:commences.
378:before the
115:is the key
3933:Categories
3855:Literature
3839:Faʻa Sāmoa
3753:(historic)
3744:(currency)
3701:Parliament
3686:Ministries
3619:(mountain)
3369:Micronesia
3274:Montenegro
3222:Azerbaijan
2740:Madagascar
1781:1051928755
1739:10 January
1668:References
1657:Tui Manuʻa
1627:disputes.
1491:Luamanuvao
1415:professor
1213:Jim Bolger
1153:s family.
1112:See also:
817:faʻalupega
447:matai sili
376:matai sili
360:matai sili
352:tagatanuʻu
280:Governance
122:faʻa Samoa
49:tapa cloth
3833:Ethnicity
3772:Transport
3662:Faʻamatai
3656:Elections
3617:Silisili
3577:Districts
3555:Geography
3387:Polynesia
3351:Melanesia
3340:Australia
3302:Ruthenian
3242:Lithuania
2954:Southeast
2681:by nation
2486:23 August
1931:2 October
1827:cite book
1819:494614506
1345:fasi igoa
1333:paramount
1241:Falealupo
1142:fale tele
1039:selection
1026:Satapuala
1004:Falealupo
735:status –
703:) of the
665:faʻamatai
548:(such as
481:faʻamatai
428:Authority
391:taupulega
269:Tui Aʻana
216:The 2006
186:Tui Aʻana
174:tamaʻāiga
169:tamaʻāiga
127:faʻamatai
113:Faʻamatai
73:Faʻamatai
3918:Category
3880:Religion
3870:Proverbs
3850:Language
3681:Military
3634:Politics
3298:Ukraine
3188:Portugal
3172:Holy See
3133:Ireland
3124:Scotland
3009:Thailand
2998:Cambodia
2986:Malaysia
2974:Javanese
2964:Balinese
2910:Nobility
2878:Mongolia
2774:Americas
2723:Ethiopia
2717:Eswatini
2690:monarchy
2679:Nobility
2510:Archived
2053:27 March
2034:(2003).
2016:18 April
1894:11 April
1642:Mataʻafa
1637:Malietoa
1631:See also
1578:toeaʻina
1562:leʻaleʻa
1351:Usoaliʻi
1329:Mataʻafa
1327:and the
1325:Lotofaga
1313:Faumuina
1265:Tui Fiti
1221:Auckland
1172:titles.
1121:titles (
1076:Malietoa
886:village.
882:View in
867:ʻie tōga
859:ʻIe Tōga
836:toʻotoʻo
832:ʻulafala
804:failauga
800:tulafale
785:tulafale
766:tulafale
737:toʻotoʻo
727:Seal of
674:ʻie toga
540:and the
527:colonial
362:(senior
341:judicial
236:Malietoa
182:Tui Ātua
160:Mataʻafa
156:Malietoa
145:freehold
88:and the
45:ʻie toga
41:toʻotoʻo
3909:Outline
3818:Culture
3786:Society
3730:Economy
3646:Cabinet
3597:Hotspot
3461:History
3406:Hawai‘i
3323:Oceania
3307:Galicia
3284:Romania
3269:Hungary
3264:Germany
3259:Georgia
3254:Bohemia
3249:Croatia
3227:Austria
3217:Armenia
3212:Albania
3142:Ireland
3119:England
3090:Kingdom
3086:France
3081:Belgium
3053:Iceland
3048:Finland
3042:Denmark
3015:Vietnam
2969:Chinese
2938:Princes
2916:Yangban
2882:Japan*
2852:Lebanon
2793:Mexico
2755:Morocco
2745:Somalia
2728:Nigeria
2710:Mamluks
2365:4 April
2339:7 March
2130:4 April
1857:31 July
1497:Old age
1367:tuaigoa
1261:Savaiʻi
1257:Matautu
1237:Nafanua
1133:saofaʻi
1129:saofaʻi
994:in the
975:Savaiʻi
923:Savaiʻi
781:faletua
538:Germany
534:Britain
451:tuaigoa
59:In the
3885:Sports
3808:Cinema
3798:Anthem
3607:Rivers
3479:Crisis
3294:Serbia
3289:Russia
3279:Poland
3147:Norman
3137:Gaelic
3095:Empire
3064:Sweden
3058:Norway
3028:Europe
2992:Brunei
2934:India
2906:Korea
2894:Daimyō
2857:Turkey
2825:Brazil
2788:Canada
2733:Rulers
2698:Africa
2641:
2627:
2589:20 May
2464:5 July
2416:2 July
2391:2 July
2313:20 May
2278:
2159:30 May
2121:
2090:2 July
2081:
2044:
2007:
1885:
1817:
1807:
1779:
1769:
1730:
1696:
1531:manaia
1489:title
1470:title
1458:title
1446:title
1434:title
1373:Women
1319:, the
1253:Peseta
1185:Seiuli
1151:matai'
1057:, 1909
1049:Samoan
1047:Young
992:Uafato
987:Sasina
884:Safune
749:laulau
713:matai'
335:. The
239:, and
218:census
98:Samoan
82:Samoas
37:sennit
25:Three
3865:Music
3823:Dance
3742:Tālā
3587:Fauna
3452:Samoa
3400:Tonga
3193:Spain
3183:Malta
3178:Italy
3165:South
3035:North
2979:Malay
2928:South
2900:Meiji
2873:China
2818:South
2781:North
2705:Egypt
2535:(PDF)
2458:(PDF)
2447:(PDF)
2247:(PDF)
2236:(PDF)
1624:matai
1613:ʻaiga
1609:matai
1584:or a
1582:matai
1570:matai
1566:matai
1556:is a
1554:matai
1535:tuiga
1511:matai
1487:matai
1479:matai
1468:matai
1456:matai
1448:Fiame
1444:matai
1436:Aiono
1432:matai
1424:matai
1405:matai
1397:matai
1390:matai
1386:matai
1382:Samoa
1375:matai
1359:matai
1355:matai
1340:matai
1321:Fiame
1317:Lepea
1305:matai
1301:matai
1297:matai
1293:matai
1289:matai
1285:matai
1201:matai
1191:upon
1181:Matai
1170:matai
1159:matai
1137:matai
1124:suafa
1119:Matai
1092:matai
1084:Malie
1071:matai
1067:matai
1063:matai
1037:Matai
1022:matai
1000:Upolu
983:matai
967:matai
959:matai
941:matai
937:matai
930:matai
915:Samoa
907:matai
851:matai
812:matai
808:matai
793:tausi
789:matai
777:aliʻi
770:aliʻi
762:matai
745:tanoa
733:matai
705:matai
694:matai
690:matai
679:matai
669:matai
655:matai
651:matai
647:matai
632:Matai
628:Matai
623:suafa
618:matai
616:Each
589:title
587:Matai
576:matai
562:matai
546:matai
523:matai
497:matai
493:matai
485:matai
443:matai
439:Matai
434:matai
422:matai
418:matai
414:matai
410:Samoa
399:matai
372:matai
364:matai
345:malae
333:matai
325:matai
306:ʻaiga
297:malae
293:matai
289:Lepea
265:Aʻana
243:Tupua
222:matai
211:matai
132:ʻaiga
109:matai
102:matai
78:Samoa
65:matai
27:matai
3845:Flag
3567:Bays
3359:Fiji
3074:West
2887:Kuge
2866:East
2845:West
2838:Asia
2809:Cuba
2639:ISBN
2625:ISBN
2591:2010
2565:2021
2543:2021
2518:2021
2488:2020
2466:2010
2418:2010
2393:2010
2367:2010
2341:2010
2315:2010
2289:2010
2276:ISBN
2255:2009
2219:2011
2187:2010
2161:2022
2132:2010
2119:ISBN
2092:2010
2079:ISBN
2055:2010
2042:ISBN
2018:2010
2005:ISBN
1984:2010
1933:2012
1896:2010
1883:ISBN
1859:2024
1833:link
1815:OCLC
1805:ISBN
1777:OCLC
1767:ISBN
1741:2010
1728:ISBN
1707:2010
1694:ISBN
1507:tinā
1503:tamā
1409:pule
1401:pule
1245:Fiji
1219:and
1211:and
1147:kava
1054:ʻava
971:Sili
919:Apia
905:The
847:gafa
821:gafa
753:ʻava
747:(or
709:malo
701:pule
599:Apia
569:tupu
558:king
479:The
467:Apia
403:fono
395:fono
387:fono
380:fono
368:fono
356:fono
249:Tupu
178:pāpā
162:and
141:malo
94:faʻa
3765:.ws
2115:104
1851:RNZ
1537:),
1493:).
1474:).
1380:Of
1363:sao
1259:on
1255:by
985:in
828:fue
741:fue
683:iga
643:iga
521:As
311:iga
241:Sa
234:Sa
32:fue
3935::
3115:*
2581:.
2508:.
2504:.
2449:.
2409:.
2384:.
2358:.
2332:.
2306:.
2238:.
2203:.
2177:.
2152:.
2140:^
2117:.
2109:.
2063:^
1955:^
1919:.
1904:^
1867:^
1849:.
1829:}}
1825:{{
1813:.
1789:^
1775:.
1765:.
1749:^
1688:.
1676:^
1588:.
1539:c.
1369:.
1283:A
1207:,
946:A
935:A
932:.
795:.
638:.
603:c.
601:,
536:,
255:.
184:,
158:,
154:,
147:.
3444:e
3437:t
3430:v
3402:*
3342:*
3195:*
3174:*
3104:*
3083:*
3066:*
3060:*
3044:*
3011:*
3000:*
2994:*
2988:*
2790:*
2757:*
2719:*
2671:e
2664:t
2657:v
2593:.
2567:.
2545:.
2520:.
2490:.
2468:.
2420:.
2395:.
2369:.
2343:.
2317:.
2291:.
2257:.
2221:.
2189:.
2163:.
2134:.
2094:.
2057:.
2020:.
1986:.
1935:.
1898:.
1861:.
1835:)
1821:.
1783:.
1743:.
1709:.
1548:)
1485:(
1466:(
1454:(
1442:(
1430:(
815:(
612:)
445:(
245:.
96:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
