Red flag law - Knowledge

359:(Florida, Rhode Island, and Vermont) and three states that did not (Pennsylvania, Colorado, and Ohio). The study found that the passage of ERPOs was associated with media coverage that used official policy names/acronyms (as opposed to simply "red flag"); accurately portrayed gun violence as a preventable problem, and that referred to ERPO policies in other states. The survey found that "although only one in four articles cited scientific evidence related to gun violence generally, articles about passing states were significantly more likely to cite the small but growing body of research about ERPO implementation and effectiveness. These findings point to the value of relevant data, likely in combination with the lived experience and advocacy efforts of those most impacted, for building policy momentum through the media." 755:

weeks; and (if the TERPO is granted) a 364-day ERPO (which may be granted by the court after a hearing). In Colorado, petitions filed by law enforcement agencies are far likelier to be granted than petitions filed by family or household members: In the first year that Colorado's law was in effect, 82% of petitions for TERPOs and 85% of petitions for yearlong ERPOs filed by law enforcement were granted by courts; by contrast, 18% of petitions for TERPOs and 15% of petitions for yearlong ERPOs filed by family or household members were granted by courts. In 2023, the

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that "The seized firearms were retained by the court at the initial hearing in 63% of cases; this retention was closely linked to the defendant's failure to appear at the hearing. The court dismissed 29% of cases at the initial hearing, closely linked to the defendant's presence at the hearing. In subsequent hearings of cases not dismissed, the court ordered the destruction of the firearms in 72% of cases, all when the individual did not appear in court, and dismissed 24% of the cases, all when the individual was present at the hearing."

777:. Of gun seizure orders served, 91.5% were directed to men and 8.5% were directed to women, and the average age of the individuals was 47.4 years old. Police reports associated with the Connecticut gun seizures in 1999 to 2013 indicated that at the time of confiscation, about 30% of the subject gun owners "showed evidence of alcohol consumption" and about 10% "indicated using prescribed pain medications." At the time the warrants were served, the majority of gun owners (60% of men and 80% of women) were sent to a local hospital 38: 727:(311), and New York (255). A 2020 analysis found that, adjusted on a per-capita basis and on a per-day-in-effect basis, Florida used its red-flag law the most (9.4 orders per year per 100,000 residents), followed by Maryland (8.2 orders per year per 100,000 residents). One factor in different use rates is whether a state has courts that allow petitioners to seek an order after business hours and on weekends. 1246:(NRA) had previously argued that red flag laws unnecessarily hamper the right to due process of individuals who are restrained by them, and worked to defeat such legislation in Utah and Maryland. In a March 2018 policy reversal, the NRA suggested that it might support such laws, but conditioned any openness to such laws on an extensive list of conditions, including a judicial finding by " 1250:" that the person poses a significant risk of danger. The NRA did not identify any federal or state red flag laws that it supported, and even after its March 2018 announcement continued to work to defeat or weaken red flag bills introduced in state legislatures. In summer 2018, the NRA mobilized to defeat red-flag legislation proposed in 1367:'s Protecting our Communities and Rights Act, which places on the State or petitioner "the burden of establishing by clear and convincing evidence that the respondent poses an imminent, particularized, and substantial risk of unlawfully using a firearm to cause death or serious physical injury to himself or herself or to another person." 449:, however, Sheriff Bill Elder followed a policy of barring the Sheriff's Office from filing petitions under Colorado's law based on Elder's belief that the laws are unconstitutional. (although Elder said that it would enforce orders granted by the courts on the petition of non-law enforcement). El Paso County was the location of a 874:

122 petitions (73% of those filed). The remaining 44 petitions (27% of those filed) did not result in the issuance of an order, either because a judge denied the petition (in 32 cases) or the request was withdrawn (in 12 cases). Counties varied widely in the level of usage of the process: most petitions were filed in

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of 2021, passed the Senate on a 65–33 vote was signed into law by President Joe Biden two days later on June 25, 2022. Among other provisions, the act allocates $ 750 million in federal funds to states to support the creation and maintenance of crisis intervention programs for state courts, including

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In California, it is a misdemeanor offense for a person to file a GVRO petition "knowing the information in the petition to be false or with the intent to harass." Making false statements on petitions is also a criminal offense in other states; for example, in Colorado, a woman who lied on a petition

370:. In addition to allowing police and family members to petition for entry of an extreme risk protection order, the law also allows teachers and school administrations to file such petitions, making New York the first state to include such a provision. Three other states enacted red-flag laws in 2019: 1238:

magazine, questioned "the very concept of 'red flags'" and whether "experts can reliably distinguish between harmless oddballs and future murderers," and, citing a 2012 Department of Defense study, stated that "even if certain 'red flags' are common among mass shooters, almost none of the people who

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S. 506 and other proposed bills would add persons subject to extreme risk protection orders to the list of "prohibited persons" in 18 U.S.C. § 922(g) (those persons who are prohibited from possessing a firearm). The legislation would thus make "it a federal crime for persons subject to the orders to

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review found that the petitions concerned individuals in crisis, with the majority of petitions citing "multiple factors such as threats of violence, use of physical force, owning or attempting to purchase deadly weapons, prior convictions and use of controlled substances." The Oregon courts granted

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In Maryland, from October 1, 2018 (the date the law took effect) until late October 2020, the state courts granted 989 petitions for gun removal orders. Maryland courts grant slightly over half of the petitions filed. In the first three months of the state's law, about 60% of petitions were filed by

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found that seizure petitions were filed in court 404 times between 2006 and 2013, from persons identified as being a risk of suicide (68%), violence (21%), or psychosis (16%). The study found that 28% of firearm-seizure cases involved a domestic dispute and 26% involved intoxication. The study found

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seizure law on state-level firearm suicide rates." The researchers concluded that "Indiana’s firearm seizure law was associated with a 7.5% reduction in firearm suicides in the ten years following its enactment, an effect specific to suicides with firearms and larger than that seen in any comparison

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in 2019; the legislation, which went into effect January 1, 2020, expands the list of people who may request GVROs to include "an employer of the subject of the petition"; "a coworker of the subject of the petition, if they have had 'substantial and regular interactions with the subject for at least

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in which a gunman killed five people and wounded many more. Despite a history of alarming behavior (such as bomb threats) that would have made him a candidate for a gun removal order under Colorado's law, the arrested man was never subject to a petition for an order and was thus legally permitted to

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Some local sheriffs in rural Colorado counties refused to use the state's risk-based gun violence prevention, with some declaring their counties "sanctuaries" from gun laws they opposed; many of the sheriffs reversed course after gun violence incidents in their communities. A 2022 analysis of court

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to order the temporary seizure of firearms (and other items regarded as dangerous weapons, in some states) from a person who they believe may present a danger. A judge makes the determination to issue the order based on statements and actions made by the gun owner in question. Refusal to comply with

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concluded that the state's firearm removal law does not violate the Second Amendment because "it does not restrict the right of law-abiding, responsible citizens to use arms in defense of their homes." The court considered the Connecticut statute to be "an example of the longstanding 'presumptively

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for an emergency evaluation; a minority (20%) were arrested. The study noted that "In over 70% of the cases, the outcome of the hearings was unknown. For the cases with outcomes reported, the judges ruled that the weapons needed to be held by the state 68% of the time. Weapons were returned in only

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of California called for legislation to create "domestic terrorism prevention orders," which would "give law enforcement and family members of suspected white nationalists or domestic terrorists the ability to petition a federal court to temporarily restrict a person's access to guns if the person

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resource document on risk-based gun removal laws notes that all such laws are "designed to address crisis situations in which there is an acute concern about an individual's access to firearms" but the specific provisions of such laws differ from state-to-state, varying on matters such as "who can

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analyzed data from the 762 gun removals under Connecticut's "risk warrant" law from October 1999 through June 2013 and determined that there was "one averted suicide for every ten to eleven gun seizure cases." The researchers concluded that "enacting and implementing laws like Connecticut’s civil

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found that, two and a half years after the passage of Colorado's risk-based gun violence prevention law, petitions for protection orders had been filed in 20 of the 37 counties with sheriffs who previously said that they would refuse to use or enforce such laws, and that such petitions were often

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An April 2018 poll found that 85% of registered voters support legislation that would "allow the police to take guns away from people who have been found by a judge to be a danger to themselves or others" (71% "strongly supported" while 14% "somewhat supported" such laws). State-level polling in

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The law says no court in the state has the authority to issue an order taking away the guns or ammunition under a red flag law. The state law also forbids police from enforcing a red flag law “when the person against whom the order is directed has the lawful right under the laws of this state to

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In 2020 (the first year that Colorado's red-flag law was in effect), Colorado courts issued 115 orders and denied 46 petitions. Most petitions were filed by law enforcement agencies. Colorado has two forms of court orders under the law: a temporary ERPO (TERPO), which has a duration of up to two

869:'s law was in effect (January 1, 2018 – October 31, 2019), 166 petitions were filed in Oregon for an extreme risk protection order. Of the 166 petitions, 112 were for people at risk of suicide and 39 related to domestic violence; 26 petitions involved both suicide risk and domestic violence. An 1273:

of Rhode Island argued against such a law, stating that "People who are not alleged to have committed a crime should not be subject to severe deprivations of liberty interests...in the absence of a clear, compelling and immediate showing of need. As well-intentioned as this legislation is, its

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signed the “West Virginia 2nd Amendment Preservation and Anti-Federal Commandeering Act” to say federal gun policy could not encroach on the state’s policies. West Virginia’s law describes red flag policies as “an anathema to law-abiding West Virginians who cherish their natural rights and

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Maine passed a law in effect from July 1, 2020 which allows police and prosecutors to seek permission from a court to confiscate dangerous weapons from people who pose a danger to themselves and others. This law is different from red flag laws in other states because it requires a medical

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has said he would allow gun legislation to be brought to the Senate floor only if it gained Trump's support. Gun rights groups mounted a campaign to discourage Trump from supporting red-flag laws or other gun-control measures, saying that pushing for red flag laws could cost Trump the

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initiate the gun removal process, whether a warrant is required, what factors the court must consider before ordering firearm removal, what must be proven in court, how long the firearms are restricted, and what process is used to restore the individual's firearm access."

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In Florida, red-flag orders were granted 15,992 times between March 2018 (when the law took effect) and May 2024. State judges granted petitions for temporary orders about 97% of the time and granted petitions for final orders 99% of the time. In many cases (up to 90% in

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In New York, a total of 589 extreme risk protection orders were issued from 2019 (when the law took effect) through May 2022, a rate of about 18 orders per month. The New York state courts do not track the number of petitions for orders that are denied. After a

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committed by a 19-year-old man who had previously been detained in a mental health hold and had a shotgun seized from him, only to go on to purchase the weapons used in the shooting following a failure by authorities to petition for an order. In contrast, in

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period, when enforcement of the law substantially increased." The study also found that "Whereas Indiana demonstrated an aggregate decrease in suicides, Connecticut's estimated reduction in firearm suicides was offset by increased non-firearm suicides."

420:, for the first time in more than two decades, Northam vowed to reintroduce gun control proposals, including a red flag bill. The General Assembly subsequently passed an emergency substantial risk order (ESRO) law, on a party-line vote in the 4650: 1281:" resolutions in opposition to red flag laws. As of 2019, some 75 jurisdictions have declared themselves sanctuaries that oppose emergency protection orders and enforcement of gun background checks, at times with assistance from the NRA. 701:

In light of the fact that 62% of U.S. gun deaths from 2008 to 2017 were suicides, the potential for red flag laws to prevent suicide has been cited as a benefit that may be more valuable than their ability to prevent mass shootings.

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in 2019 analyzed the use of ERPOs in California, and found that the cases studied suggest that California's red-flag law, as a form of "urgent, individualized intervention ... can play a role in efforts to prevent mass shootings."

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one year' and have obtained the approval of the employer"; and "an employee or teacher of a school that the subject has attended for the last six months, if the employee or teacher has obtained the approval of administrators."

1050:), were blocked in the divided Senate, which is evenly split between the parties. However, a bipartisan group of Senators negotiated a significantly narrower bill that passed the Senate on June 23, 2022 The legislation, the 2270: 1736: 710:

States with red-flag laws differ substantially in the rate that such laws were used. Nationwide in 2020, red-flag laws were used to remove guns about 5,000 times. The states that used red-flags most often in 2020 were

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called on states to implement red flag laws to help remove guns from "those judged to pose a grave risk to public safety." However, Trump did not endorse any particular piece of legislation, and Republican

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exhibits clear evidence of being a danger." In states with red-flag laws, individuals making credible threats of violence can already be subject to gun-removal orders. Matt Olsen, former director of the

272:, which adopted its legislation in 2005; called Jake Laird's Law, it was named after an Indianapolis police officer was fatally shot by a mentally disturbed man. Subsequent red-flag laws were adopted by 2253: 2918: 3102: 658:

risk warrant statute in other states could significantly mitigate the risk posed by that small proportion of legal gun owners who, at times, may pose a significant danger to themselves or others."

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also rejected a challenge to Florida's red-flag law, holding that the law is constitutional and does not violate the right to due process. A lawsuit is pending challenging Nevada's red flag law.

615:, any person living with the person of concern may file a petition. In New York, an order may be sought by a family member, a prosecutor or police official, a teacher, or a school administrator. 73:

the order is punishable as a criminal offense. After a set time, the guns are returned to the person from whom they were seized unless another court hearing extends the period of confiscation.

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police officers serving a removal order after refusing to surrender his firearms; police said that there was a struggle over the gun and a shot was fired before officers fatally shot the man.

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that included several changes to U.S. gun laws, one of which authorizes governments of individual states to receive grants from the federal government if they enact and enforce red flag laws.

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of Michigan. Four of the five Republicans who voted "yes" had previously announced that they would not seek reelection in 2022. The one Democrat who voted against the bill was Representative

734:, the state legislature enacted a red-flag law, but did not allocate funds for public education efforts. Local prosecutors led trainings and outreach for law enforcement, judges, and others. 1363:, Republican of South Carolina, said in 2019 that he also planned to introduce legislation to encourage states to pass red flag laws. Another proposed federal red flag law is Representative 672:

state by chance alone. Enactment of Connecticut's law was associated with a 1.6% reduction in firearm suicides immediately after its passage and a 13.7% reduction in firearm suicides in the

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on March 27, 2023, after sustained public protest from parents, students, residents and legislators, Governor Lee asked the TN state legislature to work on a red flag law on April 11, 2023.

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in 2016 and 2017, 189 petitions for gun violence restraining orders were granted. Of these, 12 petitions were filed by family members, while the rest were filed by law enforcement.

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upheld a longstanding federal ban on firearms for people under domestic violence restraining orders, which are required to be reported to the national background check system.

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gun-violence prevention nonprofit group Safer Country have become leaders in awareness campaigns to inform the public and law enforcement about the use of Virginia's ESRO law.

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issued an executive order requiring state police to file a petition when they believe, based on set criteria, that an individual presents a threat to themselves or others.

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became the first state to enact an anti-red flag law. The law specifically "prohibits the state or any city, county or political subdivision from enacting red flag laws."

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to consider gun-control legislation. The legislature did not vote on any gun legislation. After the Democrats won control of both chambers of the General Assembly in the

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found red flag laws have no significant effect on murder, suicide, the number of people killed in mass public shootings, robbery, aggravated assault, or burglary.

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family or household members, one petition was filed by a healthcare worker, and the rest were filed by police. In November 2018, a Maryland man was killed by

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became the 20th and 21st states to enact red flag laws. Minnesota's law went into effect on July 1, 2023. Michigan's law went into effect in February 2024.

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decision ruled on December 22, 2022, that a New York red flag law was unconstitutional. A second judge on April 4, 2023 ruled it unconstitutional too.

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possess firearms and for anyone else who has reasonable cause to know about the orders to sell or give firearms to them." In September 2019, following

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For example, in Indiana and New Mexico, only law enforcement may petition for an order. This aspect of the state law came under scrutiny following

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signed a bill into law that passed the Legislature - to reform and strengthen the red flag law of Colorado and other related firearms bills.

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an opinion piece for sheriffs to submit to the local press stating their opposition to the legislation. A 2019 study by gun rights advocate

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hearings. There has been debate about how soon after the ex parte hearing the adversarial hearing should be held. For example, in Virginia,

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was the first to enact a red flag law allowing family members to petition state courts to remove weapons from persons deemed a threat after

3966: 2976: 1925:"Guns Can Be Removed from Those Deemed Dangerous under Law Signed by Rauner; He Also Extends 'Cooling Off' Period to Assault-Style Weapons" 1754: 4351: 4220: 2681: 1633: 503:. In 2020, Gov. Ducey reversed his position and stated, “As long as I am governor, there will be no red flag law in the State of Arizona." 3294: 4607: 3324: 1966:"A comparative content analysis of newspaper coverage about extreme risk protection order policies in passing and non-passing US states" 252:

have enacted some form of red-flag law. The specifics of the laws, and the degree to which they are utilized, vary from state to state.

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argued that the legislature should consider requiring an adversarial hearing on the order within 48 hours, rather than within 14 days.

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In some states, petitions for removal of guns are not filed, even where the facts would support issuance of an orders. For example, in

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twenty of the reported cases. In fifteen other cases, guns were given to a family member; in thirty cases, the guns were destroyed."

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utilized CDC data from all suicides in all 50 states from 1981–2015 to "examine the effects of Connecticut and Indiana's risk-based

4547:"ACLU of Rhode Island Raises Red Flags Over "Red Flag" Gun Legislation | News | The American Civil Liberties Union of Rhode Island" 4546: 4397: 2545: 1309:. In November 2019, Trump abandoned the idea of putting forth red-flag law proposals or other legislation to curtail gun violence. 1306: 1184:

released in September 2019 showed that 72% of Americans supported the enactment of a federal red-flag law, while 23% were opposed.

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considered similar legislation. In the recent past, red-flag bills were being considered but did not pass in the following states:

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Garen J. Wintemute, Veronica A. Pear, Julia P. Schleimer, Rocco Pallin, Sydney Sohl, Nicole Kravitz-Wirtz, Elizabeth A. Tomsich,

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Democrats and some Republicans are receptive to these laws. Such laws are supported by groups that support gun control, such as

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Michael A. Norko & Madelon Baranoski, "Gun Control Legislation in Connecticut: Effects on Persons with Mental Illness," 6

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First-Year Implementation of Colorado's Violence Prevention Act: Reflections on Its Impact & Opportunities for Improvement

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concluded that Indiana's red-flag statute did not violate the right to keep and bear arms, was not an unconstitutional

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study published in 2022 examined newspaper articles published in 2018 in three states that passed ERPOs after the 2018

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Moody, Carlisle E.; Lott, John R. (December 28, 2018). "Do Red Flag Laws Save Lives or Reduce Crime?". Rochester, NY.

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Leslie M. Barnard, Megan McCarthy, Christopher E. Knoepke, Sabrina Kaplan, James Engeln & Marian E. Betz,

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Aubel, Amanda J.; Pallin, Rocco; Knoepke, Christopher E.; Wintemute, Garen J.; Kravitz-Wirtz, Nicole (2022-05-16).

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did not commit to support it. In 2020, Democrat State Senator Sara Kyle proposed Senate Bill 1807. Following the

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enacted a red-flag law as part of a broader package of gun-control legislation that overwhelmingly passed the

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breadth and its lenient standards for both applying for and granting an ERPO are cause for great concern."

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obtain the guns used in the attack, raising new scrutiny of the sheriff's refusal to use the Colorado law.

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signed legislation preempting local municipalities from enforcing extreme risk protection orders (ERPOs).

4749: 4744: 4670: 3820:"House Democrats Push Major Gun Control Bills Forward Following the Mass Shootings in el Paso and Dayton" 3325:"Colorado governor signs four gun bills into law in a historic change to the state's firearm regulations" 1105: 1090: 1047: 1043: 1016: 686: 607: 425: 404:, then controlled by Republicans, voted down red-flag legislation in its January 2019 session. After the 69: 4328: 1774: 1034:

The House-passed bill, as well as a package of other gun-control bills passed by the House (including a

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Implementation and Effectiveness of Connecticut's Risk-Based Gun Removal Law: Does It Prevent Suicides?

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Reena Kapoor, Elissa Benedek, Richard J. Bonnie, Tanuja Gandhi, Liza Gold, Seth Judd, Debra A. Pinals,

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Reena Kapoor, Elissa Benedek, Richard J. Bonnie, Tanuja Gandhi, Liza Gold, Seth Judd, Debra A. Pinals,

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counties, respectively, while 11 counties did not issue any ERPOs and 7 counties issued a single ERPO.

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to petition the court for an order for the removal of guns from an individual for up to twelve months.

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Gun violence expert says 'red flag' law met with unusual resistance from some Colorado law-enforcement

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Opponents of red flag laws argue that such legislation infringes on constitutional rights such as the

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professional assessment. This limitation is why the law in Maine is often called a "yellow flag law".

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California Expands "Red Flag" Law To Permit Gun Violence Restraining Orders in Workplaces and Schools

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Would Ohio Gov. Mike DeWine's 'red flag' proposal pass the Ohio legislature? We asked every lawmaker.

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Virginia governor says he will reintroduce gun control measures after Dems take over state government

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Courts that have reviewed red flag laws prior to the United States Supreme Court's 2022 decision in

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passed the Federal Extreme Risk Protection Order Act of 2021 on a 224–202 vote, mostly along

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Trump abandons proposing ideas to curb gun violence after saying he would following mass shootings

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Gun control: Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee says it's too 'early' to commit to enacting red flag gun law

2720:"Ohio GOP lawmaker introduces gun safety bill; includes red flag law, enhanced background checks" 2346: 1145: 792: 417: 297: 3758:"Text - H.R.744 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Protecting Our Communities and Rights Act of 2019" 1533: 428:. Northam signed the legislation into law in April 2020, alongside four separate gun measures. 4789: 4027: 3348: 2133: 1298: 1132: 804: 773: 673: 619: 537:, but in 2019 the Republican-controlled legislature declined to take up the bill, and Governor 390: 303:

Before 2018, only the above-mentioned five states had some version of red flag laws. After the

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Backers of proposed 'red flag' gun law in Pennsylvania support end-around to get things moving

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Ohio governor decides against 'red flag' law, proposes optional private sale background checks

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concluded there was inconclusive evidence of the effect of red flag laws on firearm suicides.

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Data behind Extreme Risk Protective Order Policies: A Look at Connecticut's Risk-Warrant Law

795:) the respondent agrees to the order. The volume of petitions varies from county to county. 393:

signed legislation on February 25, 2020. New Mexico's law went into effect on July 1, 2020.

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For laws that required drivers of early automobiles to take certain safety precautions, see

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NY Gov. Hochul signs executive order to target domestic terrorism, strengthen red flag law

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Fairfax County wants people to know they can prevent gun violence through its red-flag law

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Virginia governor signs background checks, 'red flag' and other gun control bills into law

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senators. The legislation did not advance. Other bills were introduced by other members.

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Colorado just used its gun seizure law for the first time — one day after it took effect

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More States Approving 'Red Flag' Laws to Keep Guns Away from People Perceived as Threats

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approved amendments to the federal red flag bill to create a national red flag process.

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Woman found guilty of perjury for lying on Red Flag petition against CSU police officer

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Circumstances and Outcomes of a Firearm Seizure Law: Marion County, Indiana, 2006-2013

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He warned that the man would kill if he got his guns back. That 'nightmare' came true.

1505:"Family tragedy behind Initiative 1491, to get guns from those deemed at extreme risk" 4774: 4507: 3917:

House passes package of gun control bills in response to Buffalo and Uvalde shootings

3174: 3166: 3043: 2005: 1987: 1234: 356: 308: 4608:

Campaign says new gun control measures may pose political problem for Trump: Sources

2956:"After back to back shootings, Trump called for red flag laws. Here's what they are" 2657:"New federal fund unlikely to improve chances of red flag gun law in North Carolina" 1094:

lawful regulatory measures'" permissible under the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in

622:

passed a measure in 2016 to allow high school and college employees, co-workers and

4759: 4697: 4679: 4499: 3156: 1995: 1977: 1465:"Man charged with felony won't give up guns. New law lets cops put him behind bars" 1035: 969: 695: 363: 348: 117: 65: 3440:

Red-flag law in Maryland led to gun seizures from 148 people in first three months

2847:'Red Flag' law proposed in Kentucky to take guns from people perceived as a threat 3375:

Thousands of guns taken under Red Flag law, but South Florida lags in applying it

3275:

California starts slowly on seizing unstable people's guns, but that could change

3117: 2257: 2179: 1618:

Police Have a Tool to Take Guns From Potential Shooters, but Many Aren’t Using It

1301: 1225: 1200:. The latter group conducted a nationwide study showing that the perpetrators of 1012: 565:: In 2019, Legislative Bill 58 was introduced which includes red-flag provisions. 421: 413: 382:. The Colorado, Nevada, and Hawaii laws all went into effect on January 1, 2020. 3082:

Extreme Risk Protection Orders Intended to Prevent Mass Shootings: A Case Series

2047:

New York's governor, joined by Nancy Pelosi, signs 'red flag' gun protection law

3408: 2831:

Nebraska relatively more cautious about guns than other red states, expert says

2581:"Massachusetts Joins Wave of States Passing 'Red Flag' Gun Laws After Parkland" 1982: 1793:"Florida Legislature Backs New Gun Restrictions After Parkland School Shooting" 1408: 1369:

While campaigning for the Democratic nomination for president in 2019, Senator

1360: 1201: 1109: 506: 495:

renewed pressure on legislative Republicans to pass the law in the wake of the

4415:"The Buffalo Massacre Illustrates the Inherent Limitations of 'Red Flag' Laws" 3161: 3144: 2640:

Gov. Cooper announces gun safety measures, calls for action on 'red flag' bill

4819: 3824: 3599:"Gov. Lee signs bill preventing local government from enacting red flag laws" 3170: 2518:"Michigan governor signs red flag gun law, questions linger over enforcement" 2271:

Republicans in Virginia kill 'red flag' bill endorsed by Trump administration

1991: 1370: 936: 548: 409: 336: 97: 57: 4606:

John Santucci, Katherine Faulders, Sarah Kolinovsky & Alexander Mallin,

4311:"Kafkaesque 'red flag laws' strip gun owners of their constitutional rights" 3542:

Red Flags in the Green Mountains: How VT's 'Extreme Risk' Gun Law Is Working

3426:"Maine passed a law to prevent mass shootings. Police have used it 13 times" 2407:

Fairfax County is a leader in promoting red-flag laws. Others should follow.

894:'s law was in effect, the state courts issued about 30 extreme risk orders. 311:, in 2018, that number more than doubled, as more states enacted such laws: 37: 3806: 3742: 3724: 3558: 3229:

Two years in, Maryland leads most other states in use of 'red flag' gun law

3178: 3089: 2546:"How a temporary restraining order for guns could help stop mass shootings" 2009: 1416: 1293: 1251: 1229: 1176: 854: 808: 631: 574: 556: 324: 125: 4458:

First, the NRA Watered Down a Red Flag Bill. Then It Mobilized to Kill It.

3523:(2022): Directing the State Police to File Extreme Risk Protection Orders. 4503: 2975:

Robertson, Campbell; Watkins, Ali; Martínez, Andrés R. (April 18, 2021).

2921:, Ad Hoc Workgroup of the Council on Psychiatry and Law (approved by the 2288:

Trump renews calls for red flag laws Va. GOP voted down earlier this year

1488: 1348: 1259: 1181: 1020: 940: 768: 681: 627: 524: 261: 229: 4437:"Under pressure, NRA voices support for gun violence restraining orders" 3903: 2613:"Ducey flip-flops on red flag laws, says they won't happen on his watch" 1737:"Five states allow guns to be seized before someone can commit violence" 2251:

Gov. Lujan Grisham says law enforcement has to enforce new red-flag law

1412: 1386:-protected activity (such as openly stating white nationalist beliefs). 1364: 1060: 977: 743: 724: 716: 514: 492: 386: 328: 273: 197: 149: 113: 4638:

Second Amendment advocates warn Trump over support for "red flag" laws

2462:

In Colorado Springs, Local Officials Resisted the State's Red Flag Law

1665:

After the Parkland massacre, more states consider 'red flag' gun bills

639:

was found guilty of "attempting to influence a public servant" and of

445:

filed "by the very sheriffs who had previously denounced the law." In

4481:"NRA helps sheriffs fight gun laws in Second Amendment 'sanctuaries'" 2960: 2158: 920: 530: 458: 412:, a Democrat, called the Republican-controlled General Assembly into 105: 3858:"House passes 'red-flag' bill as talks continue on gun restrictions" 3624:"Tennessee and Wyoming passed anti-red flag law legislation in 2024" 626:

to file such petitions, but this legislation was vetoed by Governor

3888:

House Passes Red-Flag Bill as Senate Talks on Gun Violence Continue

3702:

Senators ask for committee vote on 'red flag' bills after shootings

3258:

Jerry Brown vetoes California bill to expand gun restraining orders

1217: 1171: 1167: 908: 720: 568: 562: 462: 397: 371: 340: 332: 320: 209: 173: 161: 101: 93: 89: 27:

American gun control law that permits temporary seizure of firearms

4263:

Most Americans support these 4 types of gun legislation, poll says

3738:"Congress has 110 gun bills on the table. Here's where they stand" 2318:

Virginia Senate passes 'red flag' firearms bill on party line vote

1534:"States Mull 'Red Flag' Gun Seizures from People Deemed Dangerous" 4182:"Supreme Court says domestic abusers can be temporarily disarmed" 3953:

Senate passes most significant gun control legislation in decades

2444:

Some sheriffs who condemned red flag laws are putting them to use

1395:

The five Republicans who supported the bill were Representatives

1356: 957: 891: 712: 668: 640: 555:

passed a red-flag bill, but it was vetoed by Republican Governor

481: 316: 312: 269: 245: 221: 129: 3933:

Here's what is in the Senate's gun bill — and what was left out.

2424:

Colo. sheriffs, once skeptical, are putting red flag laws to use

1899:"People Deemed to Be a Danger Can Lose Gun Rights Under New Law" 1812:"Gov. Scott Signs Vermont Gun Bills: When New Steps Take Effect" 630:. Similar legislation, however, was signed into law by Governor 4281:"State Senator Chapman Voices Opposition to "Red Flag" Gun Law" 1880:"'Red Flag' Gun Bill Passes, Heads to Delaware Governor's Desk" 1015:. The bill would establish a national red-flag process for the 866: 731: 612: 379: 375: 281: 185: 121: 109: 3967:"Senate passes gun safety bill, breaking years-long stalemate" 1755:

Wave of 'Red Flag; Gun Laws Shows Power of the Parkland Effect

389:

became the 18th state to adopt a red-flag law, after Governor

4250:

NEW POLL: Colorado voters overwhelmingly favor a Red Flag Law

2894:"Biden Signs First Significant US Gun Control Law In Decades" 2762:"Could a 'red flag' law help prevent shootings in Tennessee?" 2599:

Gov. Ducey will push for 'red flag' gun law again for Arizona

1702:

Reversal: COA orders return of once-'dangerous' man's 51 guns

1684:"Few states let courts take guns from people deemed a threat" 1213:

right to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures

237: 4110:"Judge in Rochester rules NYS Red Flag law unconstitutional" 2222:

2 Years In, Oregon's Red Flag Law Paints a Picture of Crisis

2134:"Act 140, An Act Relating to Gun Violence Protective Orders" 1831:"Ban on 'Bump Stocks' Among New Gun Regulations in Maryland" 1078:

New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen

3025:

Buffalo shooter’s previous threat raises red-flag questions

3001:

Moshtaghian, Artemis; Holcombe, Madeline (April 19, 2021).

1963: 520: 3076: 3074: 2335:

Along Party-Line Vote, Virginia Senate Passes Red Flag Law

1553:"He Wrote 'Kill All Women', but a Judge Returned His Guns" 4674: 2377:

Gov. Northam Signs Five New Gun Control Measures Into Law

1846:"Raimondo Signs 'Red Flag' Bill, Bump Stock Ban Into Law" 523:: After the Dayton shooting, Ohio's Republican governor, 4785:

National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)

3488:

How guns are taken away under New York's 'red flag' law.

2974: 1636:, Giffords Law Center (last accessed November 30, 2021). 1187: 468: 264:

became the first state to enact a red flag law, after a

4238:

Poll reveals Michigan voters in favor of "Red Flag" law

3807:

In Focus: Firearm "Red Flag" Laws in the 116th Congress

3308:

Colorado's first year of extreme risk protection orders

3289: 3287: 3071: 3023:

Lindsay Whitehurst, Michael Tarm & James Anderson,

2797:

Sununu vetoes red flag law, mandatory PFAS testing bill

2696: 2694: 1204:

showed warning signs before the event 42% of the time.

4008:

No, red-flag gun laws don’t violate due process rights

3991:

What You Need to Know About the Senate Gun Reform Bill

3193:"Effects of Extreme Risk Protection Orders on Suicide" 2925:

Joint Reference Committee, June 2018), republished as

242:

Proceedings for the Seizure and Retention of a Firearm

3245:

Red Flag Laws Are Saving Lives. They Could Save More.

2931:

Focus: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry

2674: 2097:"Nevada Gov. Sisolak signs gun control bill into law" 1582:

Focus: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry

1239:

display those signs are bent on murderous violence."

853:, in which ten people were killed, New York Governor 577:: Similar legislation was proposed, but did not pass. 4727: 3649:"Justice says no to 'red-flag' law in West Virginia" 3486:

Andy Newman, Jonah E. Bromwich and Ashley Southall,

3284: 2919:

APA Resource Document on Risk-Based Gun Removal Laws

2691: 2155:"The Complicated Politics of Passing a Red Flag Law" 2060:

New York governor signs 'red flag' gun bill into law

1861:"New Jersey's Tough Gun Laws Just Got Even Stronger" 68:

meaning “warning sign“) is a gun law that permits a

4377:"Virginia Legislature To Reconsider 'Red Flag' Law" 4352:"'Red flag laws' violate more than just gun rights" 3947: 3945: 3297:, Colorado Attorney General's Office (August 2021). 3000: 1923:McCoppin, Robert; Garcia, Monique (July 16, 2018). 1682:Foley, Ryan J.; Thompson, Don (February 19, 2018). 1600:, Educational Fund to Stop Gun Violence (May 2018). 3906:. Office of the Clerk of the House (June 9, 2022). 2977:"Red Flag Law Didn't Prevent Indianapolis Shooter" 2563:Red Flag Laws: Where the Bills Stand in Each State 2152: 1944:"D.C. Council approves 'red flag' gun seizure law" 1329:Public opinion on gun control in the United States 4474: 4472: 4470: 3721:S. 506: Extreme Risk Protection Order Act of 2019 3582:Nation’s first anti-red flag law now on the books 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 2557: 2555: 2224:, Oregon Public Broadcasting (December 17, 2019). 1254:because it objected to allowing initial hearings 851:gun massacre at a Buffalo supermarket in May 2022 586:On June 25, 2022, President Joe Biden signed the 76:Orders issued under "red flag" laws, also called 4817: 4391:"TASK FORCE REPORT: Predicting Violent Behavior" 4329:"GOA warns Senators on dangers of Red Flag Laws" 4084:"Lawsuit filed to block Nevada's 'red flag' law" 3942: 3392:PolitiFact: How Florida's red flag gun law works 2927:Resource Document on Risk-Based Gun Removal Laws 2027:Cuomo signs 'red flag' gun control bill into law 1578:Resource Document on Risk-Based Gun Removal Laws 963: 4434: 4308: 4073:, News Service of Florida (September 26, 2019). 3927: 3925: 3852: 3850: 3809:, Congressional Research Service (May 8, 2019). 3716: 3714: 2139:. Thirtieth Legislature, 2019, State of Hawaii. 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1481: 4467: 4278: 4221:Has Parkland changed Americans' views on guns? 3775: 3455: 3331: 2911: 2552: 2148: 2146: 2116:"'Red Flag' Gun Law Signed by Hawaii Governor" 1922: 1502: 4713: 4478: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3293:Harshwinder Kaur, Tess Udall, and Adam Rice, 3238: 3207:Miyares Gun-Suicide Claim Rates "Mostly True" 3143:Kivisto, Aaron J.; Phalen, Peter Lee (2018). 3142: 2933:, Vol. 17, Issue 4 (Fall 2019), pp. 443-451, 2759: 2078:"Colorado governor signs 'red flag' gun bill" 1941: 1769: 1767: 1681: 1584:, Vol. 17, Issue 4 (Fall 2019), pp. 443-451, 1527: 1525: 1462: 533:: A red-flag bill had been introduced in the 4602: 4600: 4584: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 3922: 3847: 3711: 2481:, Colorado Public Radio (November 22, 2022). 2113: 1916: 1639: 1603: 4374: 4296:"Red Flag Laws: The Latest Anti-Gun Scheme" 3771: 3769: 3767: 2994: 2968: 2539: 2537: 2515: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2438: 2436: 2347:What Made Virginia Change Its Mind on Guns? 2269:Gregory S. Schneider & Laura Vozzella, 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2143: 2094: 2021: 2019: 1627: 1023:, and passed the House in the aftermath of 266:rampage shooting at the Connecticut Lottery 4720: 4706: 4452: 4450: 4056:Davis v. Gilchrist County Sheriff's Office 4034: 3875: 3837: 3835: 3696: 3694: 3369: 3367: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3138: 3136: 3113: 3111: 2634: 2632: 2173:'Red Flag' gun law now in effect in Nevada 2041: 2039: 1843: 1764: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1522: 1118:Davis v. Gilchrist County Sheriff's Office 4597: 4497: 4421: 4293: 4060:280 So.3d 524 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2019). 3160: 2888: 2886: 2484: 1999: 1981: 1734: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1438: 1436: 1155: 484:: A red-flag bill previously died in the 51: States with red flag laws in effect 4689:Gun Violence Restraining Orders statutes 4031:, 133 A.3d 519, 163 Conn.App. 36 (2016). 4022: 4020: 3764: 3209:, PolitiFact Virginia (August 20, 2019). 3036: 2953: 2534: 2509: 2449: 2433: 2205: 2016: 1828: 1809: 1503:O'Sullivan, Joseph (November 14, 2016). 1038:, an increase in the minimum age to buy 581: 234:Access Restrictions to Dangerous Weapons 80:, are known by several names, including 36: 4569: 4447: 4403:from the original on September 9, 2019. 3904:Roll Call 255 | Bill Number: H. R. 2377 3832: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3691: 3559:"Oklahoma SB1081: 2020 Regular Session" 3364: 3212: 3133: 3108: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2760:Morgan-Rumsey, Camruinn (25 May 2022). 2700:Jessie Balmert & Jackie Borchardt, 2680:Jackie Borchardt & Jessie Balmert, 2629: 2075: 2036: 1790: 1652: 1531: 1277:Some counties and cities have adopted " 1174:has shown similar levels of support. A 1025:shooting massacres in Buffalo, New York 451:2022 Colorado Springs shooting massacre 290:Elliot Rodger committed a mass shooting 255: 14: 4818: 4349: 4107: 4045:, 992 N.E.2d 823 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013). 3964: 3540:, NPR (August 21, 2019); Paul Heintz, 2954:Lawrence, Elizabeth (August 5, 2019). 2883: 2490: 1959: 1957: 1896: 1735:Bernstein, Lenny (February 16, 2018). 1670: 1433: 1319:Gun laws in the United States by state 1194:Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence 1122:Florida First District Court of Appeal 661:A 2018 study published in the journal 651:A 2016 study published in the journal 513:. North Carolina's governor, Democrat 142:Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Orders 4701: 4134:"G.W. v C.N. (2022 NY Slip Op 22392)" 4017: 3534:How Red Flag Laws Are Used In Vermont 3037:McGreevy, Patrick (August 19, 2019). 2610: 2235:Governor signs red flag firearms bill 1570: 1550: 1188:Advocacy groups and elected officials 897: 469:Proposed or pending state legislation 353:Stoneman Douglas High School shooting 305:Stoneman Douglas High School shooting 248:). As of May 2023, 21 states and the 4621:Trump walks tightrope on gun control 4479:Penzenstadler, Nick (May 20, 2019). 4071:Appeals Court Upholds 'Red Flag' Law 3788: 3068:, Fisher Phillips, October 16, 2019. 2940: 2717: 2543: 2153:Bandlamudi, Adhiti (9 August 2019). 1877: 1858: 424:and a nearly party-line vote in the 45: States with anti-red flag laws 3456:Colin Campbell (November 5, 2018). 3449: 3314:, volume 8, article 59 (2021). 1954: 1942:Peter Hermann (December 18, 2018). 1829:Bernfeld, Jeremy (April 24, 2018). 1645:Jonathan Levinson & Lisa Dunn, 1532:Johnson, Kirk (February 23, 2018). 1482:Nicole Gaudiano (August 24, 2018). 1292:of August 3 and 4, 2019, President 1081:have rejected Second Amendment and 24: 4585:David Gutman (February 12, 2019). 4570:Beckman, Abigail (March 7, 2019). 4435:Nicole Gaudiano (March 19, 2018). 4309:Michael Hammond (April 19, 2018). 4219:Emily Guskin & Scott Clement, 3931:Stephanie Lai and Emily Cochrane, 3027:, Associated Press (May 17, 2022). 1844:McGuinness, Dylan (June 1, 2018). 1810:McCullum, April (April 10, 2018). 1791:Scherer, Michael (March 7, 2018). 1070: 1055:red-flag law programs (as well as 296:; the California law also permits 25: 4837: 4680:Extreme Risk Protection Order Act 4664: 4279:Cerwinske, Joe (13 August 2019). 4252:, Keating Research (May 3, 2018). 4006:Joseph Blocher and Jake Charles, 3776:Madhani, Aamer (14 August 2019). 3428:. Bangor Daily News. 25 Jan 2021. 3413:Behavioral Sciences & the Law 2561:Sean Campbell & Alex Yablon, 1753:Nick Wing & Melissa Jeltsen, 1551:Baker, Mike (November 18, 2019). 1449:, New York Times. 27 Feb. 2018. 1324:Gun politics in the United States 1160: 982:Extreme Risk Protection Order Act 814:Behavioral Sciences & the Law 202:Lethal Violence Protective Orders 154:Emergency Substantial Risk Orders 4729:Gun control in the United States 4643: 4630: 4613: 4578: 4563: 4539: 4491: 4407: 4383: 4368: 4343: 4321: 4302: 4287: 4272: 4255: 4243: 4230: 4213: 4198: 4174: 4150: 4126: 4101: 4076: 4063: 4048: 4000: 3989:Chip Brownlee & Tom Kutsch, 3983: 3965:Bolton, Alexander (2022-06-24). 3958: 3909: 3897: 3812: 3750: 3730: 3666: 3641: 3616: 3591: 3575: 3551: 3526: 3514: 3497: 3480: 3432: 3418: 3401: 3384: 2923:American Psychiatric Association 2578: 2544:Fies, Andy (February 16, 2018). 2516:Cappelletti, Joey (2023-05-22). 1616:Dan Frosch & Zusha Elinson, 1389: 1376:National Counterterrorism Center 1341: 1052:Bipartisan Safer Communities Act 930: 600:American Psychiatric Association 588:Bipartisan Safer Communities Act 4610:, ABC News (September 6, 2019). 3355: 3317: 3300: 3267: 3250: 3247:, Pew Trusts (October 5, 2021). 3199: 3185: 3095: 3058: 3030: 3017: 2866: 2852: 2840: 2823: 2806: 2789: 2778: 2753: 2736: 2711: 2649: 2604: 2591: 2572: 2471: 2416: 2399: 2382: 2369: 2356: 2340: 2327: 2310: 2297: 2280: 2263: 2244: 2227: 2189: 2165: 2126: 2107: 2088: 2076:Axelrod, Tal (April 13, 2019). 2069: 2052: 1935: 1897:Miller, Joshua (July 3, 2018). 1890: 1871: 1852: 1837: 1822: 1803: 1784: 1747: 1728: 1711: 1694: 1463:Rafael Olmeda (April 9, 2018). 190:Gun Violence Restraining Orders 4671:Encore: Do red flag laws work? 1878:Goss, Scott (April 24, 2018). 1634:Extreme Risk Protection Orders 1591: 1544: 1496: 1475: 1456: 1258:. In Arizona in 2019, the NRA 1097:Heller v. District of Columbia 960:enacted an anti-red flag law. 762: 178:Gun Violence Protective Orders 82:Extreme Risk Protection Orders 13: 1: 4795:Public opinion on gun control 4755:Firearms death rates by state 4640:, CBS News (August 15, 2019). 4108:Napier, Jackie (2022-12-30). 3127:Law and Contemporary Problems 3101:Amanda Kesting, Erin Powell, 2260:, KOB-TV (February 25, 2020). 2114:Kevin Dayton (July 1, 2019). 2095:Blake Apgar (June 14, 2019). 1426: 1248:clear and convincing evidence 964:Federal legislative proposals 737: 654:Law and Contemporary Problems 593: 18:Extreme Risk Protection Order 4375:Megan Pauly (July 8, 2019). 4350:Jordan, Chuck (2019-08-12). 3130:, pp. 179-208 (August 2016). 2935:doi:10.1176/appi.focus.17403 2491:Gorham, Quinn (2023-05-19). 1859:Wing, Nick (June 13, 2018). 1586:doi:10.1176/appi.focus.17403 914: 890:In the first 16 months that 865:In the first 22 months that 286:California State Legislature 7: 4750:Federal Assault Weapons Ban 4745:Child access prevention law 4740:Assault weapons legislation 4294:José Niño (July 27, 2018). 3955:, CBS News (June 24, 2022). 3086:Annals of Internal Medicine 2718:Trau, Morgan (2022-08-19). 1312: 1106:Court of Appeals of Indiana 1091:Connecticut Appellate Court 1048:universal background checks 1044:large-capacity magazine ban 902: 843: 830: 749: 687:Annals of Internal Medicine 624:mental health professionals 497:shootings in El Paso, Texas 78:risk-based gun removal laws 10: 4842: 4826:United States firearms law 4805:Universal background check 4780:High-capacity magazine ban 4684:Revised Code of Washington 3919:, CBS News (June 9, 2022). 3379:South Florida Sun Sentinel 2900:. AFP-Agence France Presse 2638:Dawn Baumgartner Vaughan, 2337:, WVTF (January 22, 2020). 2049:, CNN (February 25, 2019). 1983:10.1186/s12889-022-13374-8 1663:Jason Hanna and Laura Ly, 1307:2020 presidential election 1279:Second Amendment sanctuary 1244:National Rifle Association 951: 885: 871:Oregon Public Broadcasting 798: 785: 646: 551:: The Democratic-majority 408:later that year, Governor 166:Firearm Restraining Orders 29: 4735: 3162:10.1176/appi.ps.201700250 2611:Small, Jim (2020-02-13). 2307:, CNN (November 6, 2019). 1444:"Tuesday, Feb. 27, 2018." 1442:Barbaro, Michael, host. 1002:House Judiciary Committee 994:mass shootings in El Paso 980:, introduced a bill, the 860: 553:New Hampshire Legislature 298:law enforcement officials 4162:iapps.courts.state.ny.us 4088:thenevadaindependent.com 3586:Claremore Daily Progress 3509:Democrat & Chronicle 3105:, KUSA (April 23, 2022). 2849:, WDRB (August 9, 2019). 2601:, KPNX (August 5, 2019). 2362:Veronica Stracqualursi, 2101:Las Vegas Review-Journal 1649:, WAMU (August 5, 2019). 1334: 1198:Everytown for Gun Safety 1114:unconstitutionally vague 821: 705: 543:Covenant School shooting 447:El Paso County, Colorado 430:Fairfax County, Virginia 402:state's General Assembly 4331:. Gun Owners of America 4283:. Raccoon Valley Radio. 4240:, WGVY (March 8, 2018). 3279:San Francisco Chronicle 3262:San Francisco Chronicle 2379:, VPM (April 10, 2020). 2366:, CNN (April 10, 2020). 1647:What Is A Red Flag Law? 1286:El Paso, Texas shooting 1146:United States v. Rahimi 1017:federal district courts 406:Virginia Beach shooting 64:(named after the idiom 4790:Privately made firearm 4527:Cite journal requires 3521:Executive Order No. 19 3349:Connecticut Law Review 2446:, KHN (June 27, 2022). 1667:, CNN (March 7, 2018). 1299:Senate Majority Leader 1156:Support and opposition 1133:New York Supreme Court 805:Marion County, Indiana 774:Connecticut Law Review 620:California Legislature 391:Michelle Lujan Grisham 294:Isla Vista, California 214:Risk Protection Orders 53: 4693:California Penal Code 4627:(September 22, 2019). 4269:(September 10, 2019). 3746:. PBS. 6 August 2019. 3538:All Things Considered 3381:(September 21, 2019). 3264:(September 26, 2018). 2860:"House Resolution 74" 2814:"Legislative Bill 58" 1816:Burlington Free Press 1290:Dayton, Ohio shooting 1040:semi-automatic rifles 694:A 2023 review by the 582:Federal grant program 535:Tennessee Legislature 268:. It was followed by 40: 32:Red flag traffic laws 4504:10.2139/ssrn.3316573 3828:. 11 September 2019. 3398:(September 9, 2019). 3149:Psychiatric Services 3090:doi:10.7326/M19-2162 2862:. February 10, 2022. 2835:Lincoln Journal Star 2748:Nashville Tennessean 2724:Ohio Capital Journal 2396:(December 31, 2021). 2241:(February 25, 2020). 2120:Tribune News Service 2066:(February 26, 2019). 2033:(February 25, 2019). 1773:Michael Livingston, 1624:(November 15, 2021). 1380:Obama administration 779:emergency department 757:Governor of Colorado 664:Psychiatric Services 345:District of Columbia 256:History and adoption 250:District of Columbia 138:District of Columbia 4765:Gun buyback program 4657:(November 1, 2019). 4210:, April 8–11, 2018. 3805:Michael A. Foster, 3446:(January 15, 2019). 3312:Injury Epidemiology 3235:(October 23, 2020). 3195:. RAND Corporation. 3088:(August 20, 2019), 2880:(October 14, 2019). 2819:. January 10, 2019. 2766:www.actionnews5.com 2706:Cincinnati Enquirer 2686:Cincinnati Enquirer 2644:News & Observer 2353:(January 30, 2020). 2333:Mallory Noe-Payne, 2324:(January 22, 2020). 2316:Amy Friedenberger, 2277:(January 19, 2019). 2239:Albuquerque Journal 2220:Jonathan Levinson, 1848:. Associated Press. 1797:The Washington Post 1741:The Washington Post 1725:(October 16, 2019). 1622:Wall Street Journal 1284:In the wake of the 1127:However, in a post- 1057:mental health court 948:possess firearms.” 838:Anne Arundel County 486:Arizona Legislature 418:fall 2019 elections 4619:Alexander Bolton, 4298:. Mises Institute. 4042:Redington v. State 3723:, 116th Congress, 3548:(August 14, 2019). 3407:George F. Parker, 3352:1609, 1619 (2014). 3273:Melody Gutierrez, 3256:Melody Gutierrez, 2981:The New York Times 2837:(August 11, 2019). 2708:(October 7, 2019). 2688:(August 16, 2019). 2646:(August 12, 2019). 2442:Markian Hawryluk, 2405:Paul A. Friedman, 2388:Paul A. Friedman, 2303:Chandelis Duster, 2256:2021-11-29 at the 2202:(January 8, 2020). 2186:(January 8, 2020). 2178:2020-01-08 at the 1538:The New York Times 1232:, a columnist for 1209:right to bear arms 1150:U.S. Supreme Court 1102:Redington v. State 1007:In June 2022, the 956:On March 22, 2024 898:Anti-red flag laws 674:post–Virginia Tech 475:state legislatures 426:House of Delegates 54: 4813: 4812: 4775:Gun show loophole 4770:Gun laws by state 4261:Laura Santhanam, 4227:(April 20, 2018). 4090:. 5 December 2019 3844:(117th Congress). 3708:(August 5, 2019). 3064:Benjamin Ebbink, 3044:Los Angeles Times 2803:(August 7, 2020). 2750:(August 6, 2019). 2742:Natalie Allison, 2569:(March 29, 2018). 1970:BMC Public Health 1779:Los Angeles Times 1723:Indianapolis Star 1700:Katie Stancombe, 1509:The Seattle Times 1399:of Pennsylvania, 1397:Brian Fitzpatrick 684:published in the 368:state legislature 357:Parkland, Florida 309:Parkland, Florida 16:(Redirected from 4833: 4760:Firearms license 4722: 4715: 4708: 4699: 4698: 4658: 4647: 4641: 4634: 4628: 4617: 4611: 4604: 4595: 4594: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4557: 4543: 4537: 4536: 4530: 4525: 4523: 4515: 4495: 4489: 4488: 4476: 4465: 4464:(July 12, 2018). 4454: 4445: 4444: 4432: 4419: 4418: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4395: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4362: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4306: 4300: 4299: 4291: 4285: 4284: 4276: 4270: 4259: 4253: 4247: 4241: 4236:Patrick Center, 4234: 4228: 4217: 4211: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4168: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4144: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4120: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4095: 4080: 4074: 4067: 4061: 4052: 4046: 4038: 4032: 4024: 4015: 4004: 3998: 3997:(June 24, 2022). 3987: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3977: 3962: 3956: 3949: 3940: 3939:(June 23, 2022). 3929: 3920: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3884: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3869: 3854: 3845: 3839: 3830: 3829: 3816: 3810: 3803: 3786: 3785: 3773: 3762: 3761: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3734: 3728: 3718: 3709: 3700:Jordain Carney, 3698: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3685: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3660: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3635: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3610: 3595: 3589: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3569: 3555: 3549: 3530: 3524: 3518: 3512: 3501: 3495: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3464:. Archived from 3453: 3447: 3438:Ovetta Wiggins, 3436: 3430: 3429: 3422: 3416: 3405: 3399: 3388: 3382: 3371: 3362: 3359: 3353: 3344: 3329: 3328: 3327:. 28 April 2023. 3321: 3315: 3304: 3298: 3291: 3282: 3271: 3265: 3254: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3225: 3210: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3164: 3140: 3131: 3115: 3106: 3099: 3093: 3078: 3069: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3034: 3028: 3021: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2990:– via MSN. 2989: 2987: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2951: 2938: 2915: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2905: 2890: 2881: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2810: 2804: 2793: 2787: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2772: 2757: 2751: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2731: 2730: 2715: 2709: 2698: 2689: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2668: 2653: 2647: 2636: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2623: 2608: 2602: 2595: 2589: 2588: 2576: 2570: 2559: 2550: 2549: 2541: 2532: 2531: 2529: 2528: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2503: 2488: 2482: 2475: 2469: 2458: 2447: 2440: 2431: 2430:(June 27, 2022). 2420: 2414: 2413:(June 14, 2022). 2403: 2397: 2386: 2380: 2375:Roberto Roldan, 2373: 2367: 2360: 2354: 2344: 2338: 2331: 2325: 2314: 2308: 2301: 2295: 2294:(August 5, 2019) 2292:Virginia Mercury 2284: 2278: 2267: 2261: 2248: 2242: 2231: 2225: 2218: 2203: 2193: 2187: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2150: 2141: 2140: 2138: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2111: 2105: 2104: 2092: 2086: 2085: 2073: 2067: 2056: 2050: 2043: 2034: 2023: 2014: 2013: 2003: 1985: 1961: 1952: 1951: 1939: 1933: 1932: 1920: 1914: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1894: 1888: 1887: 1884:The News Journal 1875: 1869: 1868: 1856: 1850: 1849: 1841: 1835: 1834: 1826: 1820: 1819: 1807: 1801: 1800: 1788: 1782: 1771: 1762: 1761:(June 16, 2018). 1751: 1745: 1744: 1732: 1726: 1717:Justin L. Mack, 1715: 1709: 1708:(April 5, 2019). 1698: 1692: 1691: 1688:Associated Press 1679: 1668: 1661: 1650: 1643: 1637: 1631: 1625: 1614: 1601: 1595: 1589: 1574: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1548: 1542: 1541: 1529: 1520: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1500: 1494: 1493: 1479: 1473: 1472: 1460: 1454: 1440: 1420: 1411:of Illinois and 1401:Anthony Gonzalez 1393: 1387: 1345: 1215:, and object to 1100:. Similarly, in 1036:safe storage law 970:Dianne Feinstein 919:On May 28, 2024 807:(which contains 696:RAND Corporation 434:Alexandria-based 349:content analysis 50: 44: 21: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4831: 4830: 4816: 4815: 4814: 4809: 4731: 4726: 4667: 4662: 4661: 4655:Washington Post 4648: 4644: 4635: 4631: 4618: 4614: 4605: 4598: 4583: 4579: 4568: 4564: 4555: 4553: 4545: 4544: 4540: 4528: 4526: 4517: 4516: 4496: 4492: 4477: 4468: 4455: 4448: 4433: 4422: 4417:. May 18, 2022. 4413: 4412: 4408: 4400: 4396:. August 2012. 4393: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4373: 4369: 4360: 4358: 4348: 4344: 4334: 4332: 4327: 4326: 4322: 4307: 4303: 4292: 4288: 4277: 4273: 4260: 4256: 4248: 4244: 4235: 4231: 4225:Washington Post 4218: 4214: 4206:Washington Post 4203: 4199: 4190: 4188: 4180: 4179: 4175: 4166: 4164: 4158:"Document List" 4156: 4155: 4151: 4142: 4140: 4132: 4131: 4127: 4118: 4116: 4106: 4102: 4093: 4091: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4068: 4064: 4053: 4049: 4039: 4035: 4025: 4018: 4014:(June 7, 2022). 4012:Washington Post 4005: 4001: 3988: 3984: 3975: 3973: 3963: 3959: 3951:Melissa Quinn, 3950: 3943: 3930: 3923: 3915:Melissa Quinn, 3914: 3910: 3902: 3898: 3894:(June 9, 2022). 3885: 3876: 3867: 3865: 3856: 3855: 3848: 3840: 3833: 3818: 3817: 3813: 3804: 3789: 3774: 3765: 3760:. 4 March 2019. 3756: 3755: 3751: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3719: 3712: 3699: 3692: 3683: 3681: 3680:. 23 March 2024 3672: 3671: 3667: 3658: 3656: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3633: 3631: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3608: 3606: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3588:(May 21, 2020). 3580: 3576: 3567: 3565: 3557: 3556: 3552: 3532:Melissa Block, 3531: 3527: 3519: 3515: 3511:(May 18, 2022). 3502: 3498: 3494:(May 16, 2022). 3485: 3481: 3471: 3469: 3468:on May 13, 2019 3454: 3450: 3444:Washington Post 3437: 3433: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3406: 3402: 3396:Tampa Bay Times 3389: 3385: 3373:Rafael Olmeda, 3372: 3365: 3360: 3356: 3345: 3332: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3305: 3301: 3292: 3285: 3281:(May 11, 2018). 3272: 3268: 3255: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3226: 3213: 3204: 3200: 3191: 3190: 3186: 3141: 3134: 3116: 3109: 3100: 3096: 3079: 3072: 3063: 3059: 3049: 3047: 3035: 3031: 3022: 3018: 3008: 3006: 2999: 2995: 2985: 2983: 2973: 2969: 2952: 2941: 2916: 2912: 2903: 2901: 2898:www.barrons.com 2892: 2891: 2884: 2871: 2867: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2845: 2841: 2828: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2801:Concord Monitor 2794: 2790: 2785:Channel 5 News 2783: 2779: 2770: 2768: 2758: 2754: 2741: 2737: 2728: 2726: 2716: 2712: 2699: 2692: 2679: 2675: 2666: 2664: 2663:. June 28, 2022 2655: 2654: 2650: 2637: 2630: 2621: 2619: 2609: 2605: 2596: 2592: 2585:Huffington Post 2577: 2573: 2560: 2553: 2542: 2535: 2526: 2524: 2514: 2510: 2501: 2499: 2489: 2485: 2477:Andrew Kenney, 2476: 2472: 2468:(Nov 21, 2022). 2460:Chip Brownlee, 2459: 2450: 2441: 2434: 2422:Suzie Ziegler, 2421: 2417: 2411:Washington Post 2404: 2400: 2394:Washington Post 2387: 2383: 2374: 2370: 2361: 2357: 2345: 2341: 2332: 2328: 2315: 2311: 2302: 2298: 2285: 2281: 2275:Washington Post 2268: 2264: 2258:Wayback Machine 2249: 2245: 2232: 2228: 2219: 2206: 2200:Washington Post 2194: 2190: 2180:Wayback Machine 2170: 2166: 2151: 2144: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2112: 2108: 2093: 2089: 2074: 2070: 2058:Autumn Callan, 2057: 2053: 2044: 2037: 2024: 2017: 1962: 1955: 1948:Washington Post 1940: 1936: 1929:Chicago Tribune 1921: 1917: 1907: 1905: 1895: 1891: 1876: 1872: 1865:Huffington Post 1857: 1853: 1842: 1838: 1827: 1823: 1808: 1804: 1789: 1785: 1781:(May 14, 2018). 1772: 1765: 1759:Huffington Post 1752: 1748: 1733: 1729: 1716: 1712: 1699: 1695: 1680: 1671: 1662: 1653: 1644: 1640: 1632: 1628: 1615: 1604: 1596: 1592: 1575: 1571: 1561: 1559: 1549: 1545: 1530: 1523: 1513: 1511: 1501: 1497: 1480: 1476: 1461: 1457: 1441: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1423: 1394: 1390: 1384:First Amendment 1368: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1315: 1302:Mitch McConnell 1226:Glen Sturtevant 1190: 1163: 1158: 1085:challenges. In 1073: 1071:Judicial review 1065:veterans' court 966: 954: 933: 917: 905: 900: 888: 863: 846: 833: 824: 801: 788: 765: 752: 740: 708: 649: 608:a mass shooting 596: 584: 488:, but in 2019, 471: 414:special session 258: 52: 48: 46: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4839: 4829: 4828: 4811: 4810: 4808: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4725: 4724: 4717: 4710: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4686: 4677: 4666: 4665:External links 4663: 4660: 4659: 4642: 4629: 4612: 4596: 4577: 4562: 4538: 4529:|journal= 4490: 4466: 4446: 4420: 4406: 4382: 4367: 4342: 4320: 4301: 4286: 4271: 4254: 4242: 4229: 4212: 4208:-ABC News Poll 4197: 4186:abcnews.go.com 4173: 4149: 4125: 4100: 4075: 4069:Jim Saunders, 4062: 4047: 4033: 4016: 3999: 3982: 3957: 3941: 3937:New York Times 3921: 3908: 3896: 3892:New York Times 3874: 3846: 3831: 3811: 3787: 3763: 3749: 3729: 3710: 3690: 3665: 3655:. 22 June 2022 3640: 3630:. 16 July 2024 3615: 3590: 3574: 3550: 3525: 3513: 3503:Sarah Taddeo, 3496: 3492:New York Times 3479: 3448: 3431: 3417: 3400: 3383: 3363: 3354: 3330: 3316: 3299: 3283: 3266: 3249: 3237: 3211: 3205:Warren Fiske, 3198: 3184: 3155:(8): 855–862. 3132: 3118:Swanson, J. W. 3107: 3094: 3070: 3057: 3029: 3016: 2993: 2967: 2939: 2910: 2882: 2865: 2851: 2839: 2829:JoAnne Young, 2822: 2805: 2795:Ethan DeWitt, 2788: 2777: 2752: 2735: 2710: 2690: 2673: 2648: 2628: 2617:Arizona Mirror 2603: 2597:Bianca Buono, 2590: 2571: 2551: 2533: 2508: 2483: 2470: 2448: 2432: 2415: 2398: 2381: 2368: 2355: 2351:New York Times 2339: 2326: 2309: 2296: 2279: 2262: 2243: 2226: 2204: 2188: 2171:Geoff Dornan, 2164: 2142: 2125: 2106: 2087: 2068: 2051: 2035: 2025:Tom Precious, 2015: 1953: 1934: 1915: 1889: 1870: 1851: 1836: 1821: 1802: 1783: 1763: 1746: 1727: 1710: 1706:Indiana Lawyer 1693: 1669: 1651: 1638: 1626: 1602: 1590: 1569: 1557:New York Times 1543: 1521: 1495: 1474: 1455: 1451:New York Times 1431: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1409:Adam Kinzinger 1388: 1361:Lindsey Graham 1339: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1314: 1311: 1202:mass shootings 1189: 1186: 1162: 1161:Public opinion 1159: 1157: 1154: 1112:, and was not 1072: 1069: 965: 962: 953: 950: 932: 929: 916: 913: 904: 901: 899: 896: 887: 884: 862: 859: 845: 842: 832: 829: 823: 820: 800: 797: 793:Broward County 787: 784: 764: 761: 751: 748: 739: 736: 715:(2,355 uses), 707: 704: 680:A preliminary 648: 645: 595: 592: 583: 580: 579: 578: 572: 566: 560: 546: 528: 518: 507:North Carolina 504: 470: 467: 257: 254: 47: 41: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4838: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4734: 4730: 4723: 4718: 4716: 4711: 4709: 4704: 4703: 4700: 4694: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4656: 4652: 4649:Josh Dawsey, 4646: 4639: 4633: 4626: 4622: 4616: 4609: 4603: 4601: 4592: 4591:Seattle Times 4588: 4581: 4573: 4566: 4552: 4548: 4542: 4534: 4521: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4494: 4486: 4482: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4463: 4459: 4453: 4451: 4442: 4438: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4416: 4410: 4399: 4392: 4386: 4378: 4371: 4357: 4353: 4346: 4330: 4324: 4316: 4312: 4305: 4297: 4290: 4282: 4275: 4268: 4264: 4258: 4251: 4246: 4239: 4233: 4226: 4222: 4216: 4209: 4207: 4201: 4187: 4183: 4177: 4163: 4159: 4153: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4089: 4085: 4079: 4072: 4066: 4059: 4057: 4051: 4044: 4043: 4037: 4030: 4029: 4028:Hope v. State 4023: 4021: 4013: 4009: 4003: 3996: 3992: 3986: 3972: 3968: 3961: 3954: 3948: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3926: 3918: 3912: 3905: 3900: 3893: 3889: 3886:Annie Karni, 3883: 3881: 3879: 3864:. 9 June 2022 3863: 3859: 3853: 3851: 3843: 3838: 3836: 3827: 3826: 3825:BuzzFeed News 3821: 3815: 3808: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3783: 3779: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3759: 3753: 3745: 3744: 3739: 3733: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3697: 3695: 3679: 3678:Oil City News 3675: 3669: 3654: 3653:WV Metro News 3650: 3644: 3629: 3625: 3619: 3605:. 29 May 2024 3604: 3600: 3594: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3564: 3560: 3554: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3529: 3522: 3517: 3510: 3506: 3500: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3467: 3463: 3462:Baltimore Sun 3459: 3452: 3445: 3441: 3435: 3427: 3421: 3414: 3410: 3404: 3397: 3393: 3390:Amy Sherman, 3387: 3380: 3376: 3370: 3368: 3358: 3351: 3350: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3326: 3320: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3296: 3290: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3270: 3263: 3259: 3253: 3246: 3241: 3234: 3233:Baltimore Sun 3230: 3227:Ben Leonard, 3224: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3208: 3202: 3194: 3188: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3139: 3137: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3112: 3104: 3098: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3077: 3075: 3067: 3061: 3046: 3045: 3040: 3033: 3026: 3020: 3004: 2997: 2982: 2978: 2971: 2963: 2962: 2957: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2914: 2899: 2895: 2889: 2887: 2879: 2875: 2872:Ford Turner, 2869: 2861: 2855: 2848: 2843: 2836: 2832: 2826: 2815: 2809: 2802: 2798: 2792: 2786: 2781: 2767: 2763: 2756: 2749: 2745: 2739: 2725: 2721: 2714: 2707: 2703: 2697: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2677: 2662: 2658: 2652: 2645: 2641: 2635: 2633: 2618: 2614: 2607: 2600: 2594: 2586: 2582: 2575: 2568: 2564: 2558: 2556: 2547: 2540: 2538: 2523: 2519: 2512: 2498: 2494: 2487: 2480: 2474: 2467: 2463: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2445: 2439: 2437: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2412: 2408: 2402: 2395: 2391: 2385: 2378: 2372: 2365: 2359: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2336: 2330: 2323: 2322:Roanoke Times 2319: 2313: 2306: 2300: 2293: 2289: 2283: 2276: 2272: 2266: 2259: 2255: 2252: 2247: 2240: 2236: 2230: 2223: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2185: 2184:Nevada Appeal 2181: 2177: 2174: 2168: 2160: 2156: 2149: 2147: 2135: 2129: 2121: 2117: 2110: 2102: 2098: 2091: 2083: 2079: 2072: 2065: 2061: 2055: 2048: 2042: 2040: 2032: 2028: 2022: 2020: 2011: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1960: 1958: 1949: 1945: 1938: 1930: 1926: 1919: 1904: 1900: 1893: 1885: 1881: 1874: 1866: 1862: 1855: 1847: 1840: 1832: 1825: 1817: 1813: 1806: 1798: 1794: 1787: 1780: 1776: 1770: 1768: 1760: 1756: 1750: 1742: 1738: 1731: 1724: 1720: 1714: 1707: 1703: 1697: 1689: 1685: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1666: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1648: 1642: 1635: 1630: 1623: 1619: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1599: 1594: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1573: 1558: 1554: 1547: 1539: 1535: 1528: 1526: 1510: 1506: 1499: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1478: 1470: 1466: 1459: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1439: 1437: 1432: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1407:of New York, 1406: 1402: 1398: 1392: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1371:Kamala Harris 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1344: 1340: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1310: 1308: 1303: 1300: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1275: 1272: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1223:state senator 1220: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1140: 1139: 1135:applying the 1134: 1130: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1098: 1092: 1088: 1087:Hope v. State 1084: 1080: 1079: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1030: 1029:Uvalde, Texas 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 989: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 961: 959: 949: 945: 942: 938: 937:West Virginia 931:West Virginia 928: 926: 922: 912: 910: 907:In May 2020, 895: 893: 883: 881: 877: 872: 868: 858: 856: 852: 841: 839: 828: 819: 816: 815: 810: 806: 796: 794: 783: 780: 776: 775: 770: 760: 758: 747: 745: 735: 733: 728: 726: 722: 718: 714: 703: 699: 697: 692: 689: 688: 683: 678: 675: 670: 666: 665: 659: 656: 655: 644: 642: 636: 633: 629: 625: 621: 616: 614: 609: 604: 601: 591: 589: 576: 573: 570: 567: 564: 561: 558: 554: 550: 549:New Hampshire 547: 544: 540: 536: 532: 529: 526: 522: 519: 516: 512: 508: 505: 502: 498: 494: 491: 487: 483: 480: 479: 478: 476: 466: 464: 460: 457:In May 2023, 455: 452: 448: 443: 437: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 410:Ralph Northam 407: 403: 399: 394: 392: 388: 383: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 360: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 337:Massachusetts 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 301: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 253: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 226:risk warrants 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 98:Massachusetts 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 74: 71: 67: 63: 59: 58:United States 39: 33: 19: 4800:Red flag law 4799: 4654: 4645: 4632: 4624: 4615: 4590: 4580: 4565: 4554:. 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