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696:. The experience of the sublime was supposed to involve a self-forgetfulness where personal fear is replaced by a sense of well-being and security when confronted with an object exhibiting superior might. At the end of the nineteenth century the German Kunstwissenschaft, or the "science of art", arose, which was a movement to discern laws of aesthetic appreciation and arrive at a scientific approach to aesthetic experience. At the beginning of the twentieth century Neo-Kantian German philosopher and theorist of aesthetics
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1079:(Shipping House) is considered the starting point and prototype for Amsterdam School work: brick construction with complicated masonry, traditional massing, and the integration of an elaborate scheme of building elements (decorative masonry, art glass, wrought-iron work, and exterior figurative sculpture) that embodies and expresses the identity of the building. The School flourished until about 1925.
1943:
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2371:, it recommends the breakup of cities and a return to the land. He models agrarian communities and temples in the Alps. There would be 3 separate residential communities. 1. The enlightened. 2. Artists. 3. Children. This authoritarianism is noted in Frampton as although socialist in intent, paradoxically containing the seeds of the later fascism.
770:. Though not cast in one pour of concrete (due to technical difficulties, brick and stucco were used partially) the effect of the building is an expression of the fluidity of concrete before it is cast. 'Architecture of Steel and Concrete' was the title of a 1919 exhibition of Mendelsohn's sketches at
1955:
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also provided the surrounding context for
Expressionist architecture. Portfolios of Wright were included in the lectures of Erich Mendelsohn and were well known to those in his circle. GaudĂ was also both influenced and influencing what was happening in Berlin. In Barcelona, there was no abrupt break
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attempted to address the problems of German society by a doctrine of glass architecture. Such utopianism can be seen in the context of a revolutionary
Germany where the tussle between nationalism and socialism had yet to resolve itself. Taut and Scheerbart imagined a society that had freed itself by
903:. On the film, Taut noted, "an expressionism of the most subtle kind will bring surroundings, props and action into harmony with one another". It featured architectural fantasias suited to each member of the Chain. Ultimately unproduced, it reveals the aspiration that the new medium, film, invoked.
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in which he formulated five primary aesthetic forms: the beautiful, the sublime, the tragic, the ugly, and the comic. Iain Boyd Whyte writes that whilst "the
Expressionist visionaries did not keep copies of Kant under their drawing boards. There was, however, in the first decades of this century a
134:
The term "Expressionist architecture" initially described the activity of the German, Dutch, Austrian, Czech and Danish avant garde from 1910 until 1930. Subsequent redefinitions extended the term backwards to 1905 and also widened it to encompass the rest of Europe. Today the meaning has broadened
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was important to
Expressionism. The exploration of psychological effects of form and space was undertaken by architects in their buildings, projects and films. Bruno Taut noted the psychological possibilities of scenographic design that "Objects serve psychologically to mirror the actors' emotions
142:
adoption of novel materials, formal innovation, and very unusual massing, sometimes inspired by natural biomorphic forms, sometimes by the new technical possibilities offered by the mass production of brick, steel and especially glass. Many expressionist architects fought in World War I and their
287:
Expressionist architecture was individualistic and in many ways eschewed aesthetic dogma, but it is still useful to develop some criteria which defines it. Though containing a great variety and differentiation, many points can be found as recurring in works of
Expressionist architecture, and are
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in the 1920s. Bruno Taut used brick as a way to show mass and repetition in his Berlin housing estate "Legien-Stadt". In the same way as their Arts and Crafts movement predecessors, to expressionist architects, populism, naturalism, and according to Pehnt "Moral and sometimes even irrational
2648:
expressionist phase ends. Standard arguments for the reasons for this are 1. Expressionism was difficult to build. 2. Rampant inflation in
Germany changed the climate of opinion to a more sober one. Jencks postulates that the standard arguments are too simplistic and instead argues that 1.
3272:. The style is very much influenced by the form and geometry of the natural world and is characterised by the use of analogy and metaphor as the primary inspiration and directive for design. Perhaps the most prominent voice of the Metaphoric architectural school at present is Dr.
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demonstrates a visually progressive 'Futurist' society dealing with relevant issues of 1920s
Germany in relation to labour and society. Bruno Taut designed an unbuilt theatre for reclining cinema-goers. Bruno Taut also proposed a film as an anthology for the Glass Chain, entitled
147:
of 1919, resulted in a utopian outlook and a romantic socialist agenda. Economic conditions severely limited the number of built commissions between 1914 and the mid-1920s, resulting in many of the most important expressionist works remaining as projects on paper, such as
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the following month. It proclaims; 1. Creation of collective art works. 2. Mass housing. 3. The destruction of artistically valueless monuments (This was a common reaction of the Avant Garde against the elitist militarism that was perceived as the cause of World War
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phase, marks a beginning of abstraction in expressionism and abstraction in expressionist architecture. The conception of the
Einstein Tower by Erich Mendelson was not far behind Kandinsky, in advancing abstraction in architecture. By the publication of Kandinsky's
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Many of the founders and significant players in
Expressionist architecture were also important in modern architecture. Examples are Bruno Taut, Hans Scharoun, Walter Gropius, and Mies van der Rohe. By 1927 Gropius, Taut, Scharoun and Mies were all building in the
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impelled partly by moral yearnings for a sterner and more unadorned style and in part by rationalist ideas requiring practical justification for formal effects. Art
Nouveau had however, opened up a language of abstraction and pointed to lessons to be learned from
2117:. They model themselves consciously on the Soviets and attach a leftist programme to their Utopian and Expressionist activities. They demand; 1. A spiritual revolution to accompany the political one. 2. Architects to form âCorporationsâ bound by âmutual aidâ.
2649:
Expressionism had become associated with extreme utopianism which in turn had been discredited by violence and bloodshed. Or 2. Architects had become convinced that the new (rationalist) style was equally expressive and more adequately captured the
755:. Inscribed around the base of the dome were aphoristic sayings about the material, penned by Scheerbart: "Coloured glass destroys hatred", "Without a glass palace life is a burden", "Glass brings us a new era, building in brick only does us harm."
590:, whose protagonist embodied freedoms dear to the expressionists; freedom to reject the bourgeois world, freedom from history, and strength of spirit in individualist isolation. Zarathustra's mountain retreat was an inspiration to Taut's
846:. The enormous capacity of the GroĂes Schauspielhaus enabled low ticket prices, and the creation of a "people's theatre". Not only were expressionist architects building stages, Bruno Taut wrote a play intended for the theatre,
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472:. Unity of designers with artisans, was a major preoccupation of the Arts and Crafts movement which extended into Expressionist architecture. The frequent topic of naturalism in Art Nouveau, which was also prevalent in
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created a reluctance amongst architects to pursue projects initiated before the war and provided the impetus to seek new solutions. An influential body of the artistic community, including architects, sought a similar
135:
even further to refer to architecture of any date or location that exhibits some of the qualities of the original movement such as; distortion, fragmentation or the communication of violent or overstressed emotion.
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breaking from past forms and traditions, impelled by an architecture that flooded every building with multicolored light and represented a more promising future. They published texts on this subject and built the
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Themes of natural romantic phenomena, such as caves, mountains, lightning, crystal and rock formations. As such it is more mineral and elemental than florid and organic which characterized its close contemporary
2653:. There is no large disagreements or public pronouncements to precipitate this change in direction. The only outwardly visible reaction was the forced resignation of the head of the basic Bauhaus course,
1158:. In the middle of the twentieth century, in the 50s and 60s, many architects began designing in a manner reminiscent of Expressionist architecture. In this post war period, a variant of Expressionism,
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whose designs have been inspired by trees and plants, snails, whales, insects, dervishes and even myth and literature. He is also the founder of the International School of Metaphoric Architecture in
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witnessed a comparable increase in its use and popularity and a resulting increase in the number of picture houses. It was also able to provide a temporary reality for innovative architectural ideas.
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between the architecture of Art Nouveau and that of the early 20th century, where Jugendstil was opposed after 1900, and his work contains more of Art Nouveau than that of, say, Bruno Taut. The group
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found strong resonances with a leftist artistic community keen to provide answers to a society in turmoil during and after the events of World War I. The loss of the war, the subsequent removal of
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A recurring concern of expressionist architects was the use of materials and how they might be poetically expressed. Often, the intention was to unify the materials in a building so as to make it
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for theatre and films provided another outlet for the expressionist imagination, and provided supplemental incomes for designers attempting to challenge conventions in a harsh economicate.
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gives a collection of speeches throughout Germany that eventually become his satirical essay/manifesto "Ornament and Crime", which rejects applied ornament in favour of abstraction.
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in 1926 a rigorous and more geometric form of abstraction emerged, and Kandinsky's work took on clearer and drafted lines. The trends in architecture are not dissimilar, as the
2530:. It combines the sculptural forms of Van de Weldes Werkbund Exhibition theatre with the profile of Taut's Glashaus and the formal affinity to vernacular Dutch architecture of
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Political, economic and artistic shifts provided a context for the early manifestations of Expressionist architecture; particularly in Germany, where the utopian qualities of
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held a significant place in expressionist architecture. Like film, and theatre, expressionist architecture created an unusual and exotic environment to surround the visitor.
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1177:, published the "Arquitectura Emocional" (Emotional architecture) manifesto where he declared that "architecture's principal function is emotion." Modern Mexican architect
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arguments were adduced in favor of building in brick". With its color and pointillist like visual increment, brick became to expressionism what stucco later became to the
552:
should also be mentioned in the larger context surrounding Expressionist architecture. Hard to classify as strictly Arts and Crafts or Art Nouveau, buildings such as the
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is an exception whose work bordered on Futurism and Constructivism. A quality of dynamic energy and exuberance exists in both the sketches of Mendelsohn and futurist
2957:'s call for rationalism towards an organic approach. Finally the Scheerbartian vision is eclipsed as the non-normative âplaceâ orientated approach is cast aside.
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3385:"Architecture is art and ought to be the highest of the arts. It consists exclusively of powerful emotion and addresses itself exclusively to the emotions."
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as the main visible building material. Buildings in the style were erected mostly in the 1920s. The style's regional centres were the larger cities of
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Bletter, Rosemarie Haag (March 1981). "The Interpretation of the Glass Dream: Expressionist Architecture and the History of the Crystal Metaphor, in:
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1162:, had an honest approach to materials, that in its unadorned use of concrete was similar to the use of brick by the Amsterdam School. The designs of
3858:"Un arquitecto ĂĄrabe invierte mĂĄs de un millĂłn de euros en un centro cultural (Arab Architect Invests More than a Million Euros in Cultural Centre)"
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programme published later in the month. Called for a âCathedral of the Futureâ, to unify the creative energy of society as in the Middle Ages.
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3245:(Neue Sachlichkeit) art movement arose in direct opposition to Expressionism. Expressionistic architecture today is an evident influence in
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The legacy of Expressionist architecture extended to later movements in the twentieth century. Early expressionism is heavily influenced by
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Pehnt, p.19, Taut's mention of "earth-crust architecture" and what Poelzig deemed, "Important to remodel the earth's surface sculpturally."
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submit a competition entry for a Friedrichstrasse office building. It reveals an organic approach to structure and is fully made of glass.
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510:. However, Futurism and Constructivism emphasized mechination and urbanism tendencies which were not to take hold in Germany until the
2736:, residential project. Whilst demonstrating overt expressionism he is preoccupied with deeper inquiries into the inner source of form.
2261:. The letters demand; 1. Return to medieval integration of the building team. 2. Irregular form. 3. Facetted form. 4. Glass monuments.
2168:
is published. Art for the masses. Alliance of the arts under the wing of architecture. 50 artists, architects and patrons join led by
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and gestures." The exploration of dreams and the unconscious, provided material for the formal investigations of Hermann Finsterlin.
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the third and most accomplished apartment buildings at Spaarndammerplantsoen, for the Eigen Haard development company in Amesterdam
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256:) movement, a more practical and matter-of-fact approach which rejected the emotional agitation of expressionism. A few, notably
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was a three-dimensional village, a lifelike rendering of the Jewish ghetto of Prague. This contrasts with the setting of the
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2553:, setting dramatic tall pitched industrial forms against horizontal administrative elements. This approach is echoed in his
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anti-art movement were occurring concurrently to Expressionism and often contained similar features. Bruno Taut's magazine,
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Taut maintains his Scheerbartian views. He publishes âDie Auflösung der StĂ€dt' (The dissolution of the city) in line with
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was gaining attention and Expressionist architecture was giving way to the geometric abstractions of modern architecture.
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is not related to the German Brick Expressionist architects, but to the German Expressionist painters of the two groups
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879:, which was painted on canvas backdrops. Perhaps the latter was able to achieve more stylistic freedom, but Poelzig in
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designs a farm complex. It uses expressive pitched roofs contrasted with bulky tectonic elements and rounded corners.
2356:. Hans Luckhardt recognises the incompatibility of free unconscious form and rationalist prefabrication and moves to
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3697:
Mathias Goeritz, "El manifiesto de arquitectura emocional", in Lily Kassner, Mathias Goeritz, UNAM, 2007, p. 272â273
2091:
Armistice â Republican revolution in Germany. Social Democrats form Workers and Soldiers Councils. General strikes.
853:
Expressionist architects were both involved in film and inspired by it. Hans Poelzig strove to make films based on
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production in the early twentieth century; from 1896 to 1926, the continent's 302 permanent theatres became 2,499.
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and his Ingram chairs have an expressionist tinge. His work was known on the continent, as it was exhibited at the
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worked directly with Bruno Taut and his circle, and contributed ideas based on his poetry of glass architecture.
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More recently still, the aesthetics and tactility of expressionist architecture have found echo in the works of
1212:. It was only in the 1970s that expressionism in architecture came to be re-evaluated in a more positive light.
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Expressionist Utopias: Paradise, Metropolis, Architectural Fantasy (Weimar and Now: German Cultural Criticism)
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614:, with its shape shifting matched the material instability of Expressionist architecture Naturalists such as
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Amsterdam, het mekka van de volkshuisvesting, 1909-1942 (Amsterdam, the Mecca of Social Housing, 1909-1942)
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was an architectural movement in Europe during the first decades of the 20th century in parallel with the
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started his career in modern architecture but took a turn for a more expressionist manner later in life.
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2686:. Mies van der Rohe and Hans and Wassili Luckhardt demonstrate a more functional and objective approach.
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by Hans Poelzig in Berlin. Hanging pendentive forms create a âluminous dissolution of form and spaceâ.
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5504:
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3300:, and Mies' Friedrichstrasse office building projects are basic works of Expressionist architecture.
1338:
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1200:. His TWA Terminal at JFK International Airport has an organic form, as close to Herman Finsterlin's
1197:
549:
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Artistic movements that preceded Expressionist architecture and continued with some overlap were the
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827:. These were defining moments for the movement, and with its interest in theatres and films, the
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2143:. It calls for a new 'total work of art', to be created with active participation of the people.
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2720:. Architects more inclined to produce low-cost housing than pursue utopian ideas about glass.
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Another example of expressionist use of monolithic materials was by Erich Mendelsohn at the
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did know about GaudĂ, as he was published in Germany, and Finsterlin was in correspondence.
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2315:. Construction is completed in 1923. Mendelsohn see it as more structural than the work of
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climate of ideas that was sympathetic to the aesthetic concerns and artistic production of
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584:. Bruno Taut's sketches were frequently noted with quotations from Nietzsche, particularly
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164:. Ephemeral exhibition buildings were numerous and highly significant during this period.
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3998:(Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians), vol. 40, no. 1 (March 1981): 20â43.
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after first was destroyed by fire in 1922. Work commences 1924 and is completed in 1928.
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and fails to realise a municipal exhibition hall as the harsh economic realities of the
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1918â1931, Dutch architecture and art magazine. Main theme: Expressionist architecture (
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Another movement that grew out of expressionism to become a school in its own right is
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adopted the term that influenced his work. The two of them collaborated in the project
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experiences, combined with the political turmoil and social upheaval that followed the
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is a special variant of this movement in western and northern Germany, as well as in
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Bletter, Rosemarie Haag (Summer 1983). "Expressionism and the New Objectivity", in:
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Brick was used in a similar fashion to express the inherent nature of the material.
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Many writers contributed to the ideology of Expressionist architecture. Sources of
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Many architects designed theatres for performances on the stage and film sets for
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1154:(1941) dismissed Expressionist architecture as a side show in the development of
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largely turns its back on expressionism and towards a more functionalist agenda.
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236:. By 1925, most of the leading architects such as Bruno Taut, Erich Mendelsohn,
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2147:
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1912:
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1728:
1556:
1411:
1361:
1216:
759:
748:
673:
638:
615:
305:
Profusion of works on paper, and models, with discovery and representations of
296:
268:
237:
229:
186:
72:
34:
6837:
6494:
6159:
5769:
5650:
3172:
3167:
2950:
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2880:
2793:
2729:
2723:
2668:
2572:
1192:. A similar aesthetic can be found in later buildings such as Saarinen's 1962
1029:
8330:
8249:
8214:
8107:
7789:
7733:
7719:
7566:
7427:
7322:
7315:
7301:
7011:
6892:
6760:
6655:
6613:
6564:
6397:
6390:
6355:
6320:
6271:
6243:
6166:
5762:
5692:
5664:
5636:
5539:
5455:
5399:
5385:
5378:
5364:
5272:
5252:
5170:
5142:
4636:
4443:
4099:
4055:
3207:
2680:
Bruno and Max Taut begin work on government funded low cost housing projects.
2557:
textile mill of 1925 and anticipates the banding in his department stores in
2516:. He recognises the conflict of visionary and objective approaches to design.
2289:
2285:
2258:
2200:
1824:
1476:
1453:
1311:
1291:
1283:
1189:
1166:
took a turn for the expressionist in his brutalist phase, but more so in his
1057:
798:
771:
685:
653:
633:
619:
581:
477:
437:
354:
350:
257:
107:
6522:
5427:
5190:
3877:â Quarterly Journal for Design, No. 14, London (Spring 2017),pp. 62â70.
3097:
2438:
1630:
1388:
1205:
1087:
931:
532:, with its angular, abstract form, held many expressionist characteristics.
444:, the deprivations and the rise of social democracy and the optimism of the
248:, along with other expressionists in the visual arts, had turned toward the
8044:
7882:
7775:
7747:
7682:
7650:
7622:
7587:
7580:
7573:
7538:
7504:
7420:
7378:
7229:
7218:
7208:
6955:
6927:
6865:
6858:
6844:
6816:
6788:
6753:
6746:
6718:
6704:
6690:
6669:
6578:
6536:
6529:
6369:
6341:
6292:
6278:
6152:
6117:
6012:
5998:
5935:
5862:
5755:
5713:
5511:
5336:
4978:
4970:
4641:
4551:
4448:
4427:
4379:
4358:
4274:
4269:
4187:
4165:
4145:
4125:
3975:
Crystal Chain Letters: Architectural Fantasies by Bruno Taut and His Circle
3301:
3296:. Gropius and Mies are better known for their modernist work, but Gropius'
3254:
3202:
2954:
2779:
2442:
2423:
2342:
2298:
2188:
1855:
1776:
1618:
1403:
1264:
1163:
1127:
1103:
862:
839:
838:'s construction of the model theatre for the 1914 Werkbund Exhibition, and
778:
689:
402:
245:
6257:
3786:
2482:. It is completed in 1922 and inspires the workers' gong in the 1927 film
1637:
1610:
1430:
8256:
8137:
7996:
7987:
7803:
7726:
6767:
6732:
6648:
6641:
6383:
6285:
6173:
6103:
6040:
5917:
5783:
5643:
5601:
5553:
5490:
5469:
5462:
5434:
5350:
5293:
5133:
4890:
4810:
4754:
4696:
4681:
4541:
4417:
4374:
4304:
4294:
3265:
3230:
3187:
3141:
3088:
return to an architectural expressionism of form. He also constructs the
2628:
2546:
2450:
2412:
2357:
2312:
2309:
2246:
2220:
2177:
2114:
2088:
expands the socio-cultural implications Scheerbarts writings about glass.
2085:
2031:
1970:
1582:
1522:
1457:
1369:
1346:
953:
1924-11/12, "Crystals", 40 ill., inspiration for Expressionist architects
710:
697:
623:
605:
473:
465:
317:
217:
165:
68:
3233:
and can be considered part of its legacy, while post 1910 and including
275:) commonly played down the influence of the expressionists on the later
8186:
7740:
7511:
7434:
7413:
7294:
6962:
6948:
6697:
6683:
6620:
6543:
6432:
6299:
6236:
6096:
5926:
5727:
5685:
5622:
5279:
4746:
4631:
4407:
4353:
4264:
4246:
4222:
4038:
3217:
3192:
2895:
2717:
2693:
2489:
2336:
2281:
2271:
2169:
2137:
2110:
1916:
1799:
image, and an office building which led to the architectural format of
1723:
1681:
1480:
1228:
1123:
1107:
887:
858:
782:
681:
649:
569:
469:
453:
as had occurred in Russia. The costly and grandiose remodelling of the
197:
175:
149:
57:
3832:
Bingham, Neil (2012). "1974â2000 The Dextrous Architectural Drawing".
2618:, as the only expressionist style parliamentary building in the world.
1780:
1747:
1017:
883:
was able to create a whole village that "spoke with a Jewish accent."
417:
110:
visual and performing arts that especially developed and dominated in
8235:
8193:
8058:
7768:
6851:
6606:
6473:
6194:
6145:
6110:
5671:
5098:
5010:
4646:
4561:
3130:
Church of The Highway by Giovanni Michelucci is inaugurated in Italy.
2965:
2909:
2804:
2664:
2650:
2623:
2607:
2562:
2523:
2505:
2466:
become apparent and prospects of building a âglass paradiseâ dwindle.
2459:
2446:
2431:
2427:
2408:
2404:
2389:
2099:
2058:
1958:
1954:
1906:
1713:
1614:
1065:
1021:
968:
1923-8/9, "Shells", 65 ill., inspiration for Expressionist architects
965:
950:
657:
92:
88:
30:
3935:
Bullock, Alan; Stallybrass, Oliver; Trombley, Stephen, eds. (1988).
3873:
Breitschmid, Markus (2017). "Alpine Architecture â Bruno Taut", in:
3277:
2249:
by Bruno Taut. They are joined by previously peripheral architects;
2207:
writes the introduction, now considered to be a first draft for the
1788:
1185:(1957â58) guided by Goeritz's principles of Arquitectura Emocional.
398:
6075:
5942:
5300:
5261:
5245:
5231:
5122:
4874:
4786:
4581:
4536:
4115:
3238:
2925:
2825:
2799:
2789:
2566:
2550:
2196:
1986:
1365:
1260:
739:
545:
425:
3092:, which emphasizes the architectural expression of materials. The
1859:
302:
An underlying effort at achieving the new, original, and visionary
7834:
6872:
6334:
5949:
5238:
5222:
5208:
4794:
4546:
4065:, digital Magazines IADDB (date of editing, not date in magazine)
3008:
Completion of 'The house of Atlantis' in BöttcherstraĂe (Bremen).
2645:
2615:
2611:
2558:
2352:
Solidarity of the Glass Chain is broken. Final letter written by
2242:
2214:
2208:
1627:
1091:
1025:
1000:
935:
813:
766:, and an attempt to make the building out of one stone, that is,
358:
324:
306:
233:
209:
190:
111:
61:
38:
4068:
1862:, Poland), with strongly expressively articulated brick massing.
1188:
Another mid-century modern architect to evoke expressionism was
5156:
3127:
Rebuilding of the Berlin Philharmonic in 1963 by Hans Scharoun.
2864:
2479:
2217:
established and begins expressionist phase, to last until 1923.
2203:
stage exhibition called 'An Exhibition of Unknown Architects'.
1838:
1828:
1784:
1696:
1663:
1499:
1115:
927:
854:
642:
421:
343:
267:
seizure of power in Germany, expressionist art was outlawed as
42:
5045:
3100:(reinforced concrete) recalls the expressionist use of glass,
2912:. Expressionist architects, Taut, Poelzig, Scharoun, build in
1942:
982:
corresponded with abstraction in architecture. Publication of
3281:
3105:
3101:
2771:
2749:
Hermann Finsterlin initiates a series of correspondence with
1407:
1342:
1049:
802:
An example of expressionist architecture in the film set for
65:
5067:
2345:
declares affinity with the Glass Chain. He designs sets for
1758:
The ventilation tower of the Maastunnel in Rotterdam, 1937 (
990:, his first advocacy of abstraction while still involved in
204:
Important events in Expressionist architecture include; the
5629:
5163:
3023:
2856:
2508:
group and tours the Netherlands. He meets the rationalists
2434:, PL-Takstraat, 1923. "Amsterdam, Mecca of Social Housing"
1053:
817:
793:
781:
produced some characteristic expressionist churches in the
496:
264:
79:
3319:
Stallybrass and Bullock, p.301â392 â entry by John Willett
2596:
publishes a glass skyscraper project in the last issue of
1048:) describes a specific variant of expressionism that uses
224:. The major permanent extant landmark of Expressionism is
1901:
starts work on the first of three apartment buildings at
704:, which he edited for many years, and published the work
338:. Expressionist architecture also tends more towards the
3134:
2810:
Eugen Schmohl completes the Borsig-Tower in Berlin-Tegel
2782:
abandons expressionism and returns to crypto-classicism.
702:
Zeitschift fĂŒr Ăsthetik und allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft
312:
Often hybrid solutions, irreducible to a single concept.
299:
to symbolic or stylistic expression of inner experience.
3915:
742:. The collaboration of Bruno Taut and the utopian poet
680:
Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries philosophies of
484:
and shared his source of inspiration in natural forms.
3811:. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
3120:
Expressionism reborn without the political context as
3068:
concert hall is destroyed in 1944 during World War II.
762:. Not to be missed was a pun on the tower's namesake,
684:
had been developing, particularly through the work of
3898:, Dutch language, more than 500 ill., NAi Rotterdam.
3026:
seizure of power, expressionist art was outlawed as
2542:. Einstein himself visits and declares it âorganicâ.
899:(The Galoshes of Fortune) with a name borrowed from
572:
important to expressionist architects were works by
428:). Early landmark of Expressionist architecture and
7066:
A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
2367:anarchist socialist tendencies. In common with the
1146:The influential architectural critic and historian
626:form of architects such as Herman Finsterlin. Poet
3916:Benson, Timothy. O. (); et al. (2001-09-17).
279:, but this has been re-evaluated in recent years.
4520:
2549:. It shows influences of the Dutch expressionist
834:Built examples of expressionist theatres include
349:Though a movement in Europe, expressionism is as
8328:
2677:abandons expressionism and moves to rationalism.
2657:, to be replaced with the, then constructivist,
2225:Ja! Stimmen des Arbeitsrates fĂŒr Kunst in Berlin
1141:
309:more important than pragmatic finished products.
3653:
3651:
3593:
3591:
3589:
598:drew a title page illustration for Nietzsche's
260:, continued to work in an expressionist idiom.
212:, the completion and theatrical running of the
3806:
3614:
3612:
3552:
3550:
3477:
3475:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3361:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3343:
5083:
4506:
4084:
3880:Rauhut, Christoph and Lehmann, Niels (2015).
3834:100 Years of Architectural Drawing: 1900â2000
3394:
3392:
2979:(Germany) is completed. Architect: Paul Poser
2011:form (Typisierung) â Behrens, Muthesius, and,
730:were centerpieces of expressionist thinking.
288:evident in some degree in each of its works:
8005:
7994:
5188:
5177:
5131:
5120:
3850:
3648:
3586:
3502:
2947:CongrĂšs International d'Architecture Moderne
2109:(Worker's Council for the Arts), founded by
2014:Individualists â Taut, van de Velde, Gropius
503:included constructivist projects, including
384:Conception of architecture as a work of art.
5259:
4051:Fostinum: German Expressionist Architecture
3757:
3755:
3609:
3547:
3472:
3449:
3356:
3340:
1950:from 1914 with illustration by Egon Schiele
890:with an idea for a film. Fritz Lang's film
292:Distortion of form for an emotional effect.
5090:
5076:
4513:
4499:
4091:
4077:
4019:, Third edition, Praeger Publishers Inc.,
4017:Theory and Design in the First Machine Age
3389:
1731:as counterculture mouthpieces against the
2824:Founding of the architectural collective
2229:Yes! Voices from the art Soviet in Berlin
922:. Two groups of Expressionist painters: "
861:. Poelzig designed scenographic sets for
706:Ăsthetik und allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft
271:. Until the 1970s scholars (Most notably
3938:The Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought
3903:Modern architecture - a critical history
3800:
3752:
2919:
2855:
2765:
2437:
2422:
2399:
2383:
1953:
1941:
1858:designs a chemical plant in Luban (now:
1787:). Designs a water tower for Posen (now
1753:
1738:
1605:
1075:Amsterdam's 1912 cooperative-commercial
1016:
797:
794:Theatres, films, paintings and magazines
663:
632:
408:
392:
181:
170:
138:The style was characterised by an early-
78:
52:
29:
3991:, 43:2 (Summer 1983), pp. 108â120.
3831:
3825:
2526:opens. Construction is complete on the
2003:demonstrates ideological split between:
1876:starts with the cooperative-commercial
1803:'s later Berliner "Mosse-Haus" in 1921.
1640:, a forerunner of the movement, begins.
14:
8329:
3836:. London: Laurence King. p. 288.
3383:Taut, Die Stadtkrone 1919 p.87, quote
2288:stress the creative importance of the
1711:Publication in Berlin of the journals
1006:
7931:Six Characters in Search of an Author
5071:
4494:
4072:
4031:Modern Architecture and Expressionism
3809:Architecture: The Making of Metaphors
3772:"Maastunnel â Muss man gesehen haben"
3135:Expressionist architects of the 1920s
1687:The New Munich Artist's Association,
1326:Interior of the Berliner Philharmonie
3941:(Paperback). Fontana press. p.
2545:Mendelsohn designs a hat factory in
1869:("Concerning the Spiritual in Art").
535:Influence of individualists such as
3427:"Centennial Hall - visitWroclaw.eu"
641:'s "Monument to the March Dead" in
563:
508:Monument to the Third International
220:letters, and the activities of the
24:
7126:Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2
3920:. University of California Press.
3784:
2953:fails to move consensus away from
1173:In Mexico, in 1953, German émigré
282:
25:
8368:
8352:20th-century architectural styles
4465:American Figurative Expressionism
4098:
4044:
3734:"The Canada Council for the Arts"
2838:Max Brod publishes Franz Kafka's
1909:the last to be completed in 1921.
1779:sets up practice in Breslau (now
495:architectural movements, and the
8313:
8312:
5044:
3961:Modern Movements in Architecture
2949:(CIAM) convenes in Switzerland.
1989:" (Cubist architecture) in 1917.
1837:forms and has first exhibits in
1811:Neue KĂŒnstlervereinigung MĂŒnchen
1689:Neue KĂŒnstlervereinigung MĂŒnchen
1545:
1530:
1511:
1488:
1465:
1442:
1419:
1396:
1377:
1354:
1331:
1319:
1299:
1272:
1248:
1082:The great international fame of
958:
943:
908:
622:contributed an ideology for the
3905:, Third edition, World of Art,
3867:
3778:
3764:
3726:
3700:
3691:
3678:
3669:
3660:
3639:
3630:
3621:
3600:
3577:
3568:
3559:
3538:
3529:
3520:
3511:
3493:
3484:
3463:
3440:
3419:
3410:
2458:Taut is made city architect of
984:Concerning the Spiritual in Art
723:Concerning the Spiritual in Art
129:
8080:Grosvenor School of Modern Art
8073:Fourth dimension in literature
3882:Fragments of Metropolis Berlin
3807:Fez-Barringten, Barie (2012).
3401:
3377:
3368:
3331:
3322:
3313:
3253:, and the organic movement of
2569:and Berlin from 1927 and 1931.
1880:(Shipping House), designed by
1867:Ăber das Geistige in der Kunst
1072:belongs to the same category.
973:
13:
1:
5097:
4033:, George Braziller New York,
3973:Whyte, Iain Boyd ed. (1985).
3785:Hendel, archINFORM â Sascha.
3264:, which includes elements of
3237:it is considered adjacent to
2746:June 3, Death of Franz Kafka.
2241:. The group starts the first
2237:ends the overt activities of
1142:Expressionism since the 1950s
886:Herman Finsterlin approached
373:art and architecture as from
194:Deutscher Werkbund Exhibition
2831:Wassily Kandinsky publishes
2064:. Work is completed in 1921.
1925:wins design competition for
1919:. Work is completed in 1919.
1915:commences work on the first
1865:Wassily Kandinsky publishes
1809:resigns chairmanship of the
1257:Chapel of Notre-Dame du Haut
1221:Scottish Parliament building
1152:Space, Time and Architecture
842:'s grand remodelling of the
733:
18:Expressionism (architecture)
7:
8357:German architectural styles
8173:List of avant-garde artists
7150:The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
3963:, Second edition, Penguin,
3708:"The Canadian Encyclopedia"
2684:Berlin secession exhibition
2333:The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
2136:declares its basic aims in
2001:Cologne Werkbund exhibition
1985:et al.). Movement against "
1744:GeschĂ€ftshaus JunkernstraĂe
1633:expressionist art movement.
1568:
812:Europe witnessed a boom in
805:The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
323:Uses creative potential of
10:
8373:
8337:Expressionist architecture
8031:Classical Hollywood cinema
4003:Expressionist Architecture
3901:Frampton, Kenneth (2004).
3884:, Hirmer Publishers 2015,
3298:Monument to the March Dead
2975:Chapel of the Cemetery of
2890:Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint
2504:visits works of the Dutch
2474:Monument to the March Dead
2124:formed only to merge with
1994:Paul Scheerbart publishes
1923:Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint
1589:August 25, 1900, death of
1010:
877:Cabinet of Doctor Caligari
430:UNESCO World Heritage Site
388:
330:Tendency more towards the
206:Werkbund Exhibition (1914)
122:(where it is known as the
104:Expressionist architecture
8294:
7972:
7813:
7681:
7521:
7270:
7259:
7102:Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
7056:
6882:
6442:
5925:
5916:
5793:
5577:
5319:
5310:
5105:
5038:
4735:
4529:
4457:
4436:
4398:
4367:
4336:
4313:
4283:
4255:
4232:
4179:
4134:
4108:
3894:Stissi, Vladimir (2007).
3224:
3048:in ReykjavĂk, Iceland by
2028:Death of Paul Scheerbart.
1746:by Hans Poelzig, Breslau/
1339:Yoyogi National Gymnasium
1280:JFK International Airport
1198:JFK International Airport
550:Charles Rennie Mackintosh
5887:The Master and Margarita
4001:Pehnt, Wolfgang (1973).
3959:Jencks, Charles (1986).
3307:
3292:and participated in the
3080:Le Corbusier constructs
2802:publishes Franz Kafka's
2594:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
2577:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
2301:is made chairman of the
1791:, Poland), described by
1538:Walt Disney Concert Hall
1519:Walt Disney Concert Hall
1046:Backsteinexpressionismus
897:Die Galoschen des GlĂŒcks
753:1914 Werkbund Exhibition
462:Arts and Crafts movement
357:. It draws as much from
8180:List of modernist poets
8066:Fourth dimension in art
7242:Meshes of the Afternoon
5051:Architecture portal
4480:Expressionism (theatre)
4437:Expressionist Sculpture
4015:Banham, Reyner (1972).
3270:Zoomorphic architecture
3262:Metaphoric architecture
3112:
3072:
3056:
2983:
2833:Point and Line to Plane
2796:is appointed secretary.
2774:, 1925 (Eugen Schmohl)
2411:, PL-Takstraat, 1923. (
2323:
2094:Free expression of the
1929:in Copenhagen, Denmark.
1703:
1658:independently offers a
1573:
997:Point and Line to Plane
918:almanac 1912, cover by
901:Hans Christian Andersen
728:Point and Line to Plane
8264:Second Viennese School
8006:
7995:
5899:The Sound and the Fury
5803:In Search of Lost Time
5260:
5189:
5178:
5132:
5121:
4151:Yitzhak Frenkel Frenel
4029:Sharp, Dennis (1966).
3122:Fantastic architecture
2933:
2872:
2775:
2454:
2435:
2420:
2397:
2331:February 26, the film
2308:Design work starts on
2274:launches the magazine
2266:Grosses Schauspielhaus
1990:
1951:
1763:
1751:
1622:
1045:
1033:
809:
774:'s gallery in Berlin.
677:
670:Caspar David Friedrich
645:
587:Thus Spoke Zarathustra
433:
406:
336:Classical architecture
216:, Berlin in 1919, the
201:
179:
100:
91:apartment building in
76:
50:
8342:Architectural history
8243:Reactionary modernism
8166:List of art movements
4390:Karl Schmidt-Rottluff
4385:Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
4256:German Expressionism
4005:, Thames and Hudson,
2924:Anzeiger-Hochhaus in
2923:
2859:
2769:
2734:Prinz Albrecht Garten
2441:
2426:
2403:
2387:
2146:Bruno Taut publishes
2067:Bruno Taut publishes
1957:
1945:
1903:Spaarndammerplantsoen
1757:
1742:
1609:
1553:Auditorio de Tenerife
1308:Berliner Philharmonie
1020:
978:The tendency towards
844:GroĂes Schauspielhaus
801:
716:Artistic theories of
667:
636:
455:GroĂes Schauspielhaus
412:
396:
325:artisan craftsmanship
214:GroĂes Schauspielhaus
185:
174:
83:Dutch expressionism (
82:
56:
33:
8087:Hanshinkan Modernism
7943:The Threepenny Opera
7859:Pelléas et Mélisande
4995:Critical regionalism
4577:Critical regionalism
4470:Boston Expressionism
4216:Les Platanes Ă CĂ©ret
4109:Early Expressionists
3787:"Hermann Finsterlin"
2993:Europahaus (Leipzig)
2239:Arbeitsrat fĂŒr Kunst
2166:Arbeitsrat fĂŒr Kunst
2164:Spring manifesto of
2141:Architeckturprogramm
2134:Arbeitsrat fĂŒr Kunst
2126:Arbeitsrat fĂŒr Kunst
2107:Arbeitsrat fĂŒr Kunst
2057:starts building the
1691:, is established by
1636:Construction of the
1525:, 2003 (Frank Gehry)
1084:German Expressionism
560:exhibition in 1900.
8145:International Style
7895:Afternoon of a Faun
7174:Battleship Potemkin
7078:Mont Sainte-Victoir
4843:International style
4835:Rationalist-Fascist
4779:Stripped Classicism
4712:Stripped Classicism
4692:Rationalist-Fascist
4617:International style
4523:modern architecture
4286:Expressionist dance
3290:International Style
3066:Berlin Philharmonic
2914:international style
2716:Germany adopts the
2606:is rebuilt for the
2540:Hendrikus Wijdeveld
2317:Hendrikus Wijdeveld
2102:(Changes) magazine.
2069:Alpine architecture
1591:Friedrich Nietzsche
1450:Vitra Design Museum
1237:Canadian Aboriginal
1227:architects such as
1219:, most notably his
1204:as any other, save
1038:Brick Expressionism
1013:Brick Expressionism
1007:Brick Expressionism
825:expressionist films
788:International Style
692:and notions of the
592:Alpine Architecture
574:Friedrich Nietzsche
346:than the classical.
277:International Style
263:In 1933, after the
154:Alpine Architecture
116:Brick Expressionism
27:Architectural style
8024:Buddhist modernism
7981:American modernism
7907:The Rite of Spring
5875:The Sun Also Rises
5851:The Magic Mountain
4926:(1940sâlate 1970s)
4915:Mid-century modern
4883:Postconstructivism
4827:Streamline Moderne
4707:Streamline Moderne
4672:Postconstructivism
4627:Mid-Century modern
4121:Matthias GrĂŒnewald
4061:2017-11-29 at the
3740:on 3 December 2010
3686:Die GlÀserne Kette
3251:Santiago Calatrava
3152:Hermann Finsterlin
3090:Unité d'Habitation
3082:Notre Dame du Haut
2977:Glienicke/Nordbahn
2934:
2886:Grundtvig's Church
2873:
2776:
2659:LĂĄszlĂł Moholy-Nagy
2498:loses its impetus.
2455:
2436:
2421:
2398:
2354:Hermann Finsterlin
2303:Deutscher Werkbund
2098:elucidated in the
1991:
1952:
1927:Grundtvig's Church
1764:
1752:
1733:Deutscher Werkbund
1623:
1561:Santiago Calatrava
1385:Sydney Opera House
1210:Sydney Opera House
1183:Torres de Satélite
1168:Notre-Dame du Haut
1034:
980:abstraction in art
836:Henry van de Velde
810:
678:
672:'s "Das Eismeer" (
646:
596:Henry van de Velde
537:Frank Lloyd Wright
434:
407:
202:
180:
158:Hermann Finsterlin
101:
77:
51:
8324:
8323:
8052:Experimental film
7968:
7967:
7955:Waiting for Godot
7255:
7254:
5912:
5911:
5815:The Metamorphosis
5065:
5064:
4488:
4487:
4475:Neo-expressionism
4423:Arnold Schoenberg
4349:Wassily Kandinsky
4328:Uri Zvi Greenberg
4161:Amedeo Modigliani
4156:Abraham Mintchine
3977:, The MIT Press,
3818:978-1-4438-3517-6
3294:Weissenhof Estate
3050:GuĂ°jĂłn SamĂșelsson
2906:Weissenhof Estate
2877:Anzeiger-Hochhaus
2335:premiered at the
2255:Wassili Luckhardt
2235:Spartacist revolt
2037:The Metamorphosis
1882:Johan van der Mey
1807:Wassily Kandinsky
1693:Wassily Kandinsky
1626:Formation of the
1435:GuĂ°jĂłn SamĂșelsson
988:Wassily Kandinsky
920:Wassily Kandinsky
718:Wassily Kandinsky
611:The Metamorphosis
578:SĂžren Kierkegaard
520:Antonio Sant'Elia
512:Neue Sachlichkeit
442:Kaiser Wilhelm II
295:Subordination of
250:Neue Sachlichkeit
242:Mies van der Rohe
145:German Revolution
16:(Redirected from
8364:
8316:
8315:
8287:
8285:Vulgar modernism
8280:
8278:Underground film
8273:
8266:
8259:
8252:
8245:
8238:
8231:
8224:
8217:
8210:
8203:
8196:
8189:
8182:
8175:
8168:
8161:
8154:
8147:
8140:
8131:
8124:
8117:
8110:
8103:
8101:Hippie modernism
8096:
8089:
8082:
8075:
8068:
8061:
8054:
8047:
8040:
8033:
8026:
8019:
8017:Bloomsbury Group
8012:
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8001:
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7268:
7267:
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7236:
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7214:
7213:
7204:
7203:
7198:Un Chien Andalou
7192:
7191:
7180:
7179:
7168:
7167:
7162:Ballet MĂ©canique
7156:
7155:
7144:
7143:
7132:
7131:
7120:
7119:
7108:
7107:
7096:
7095:
7090:The Starry Night
7084:
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6421:
6419:Toulouse-Lautrec
6414:
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5479:
5472:
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5458:
5451:
5444:
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5255:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5225:
5218:
5211:
5202:
5195:
5194:
5184:
5183:
5180:Der Blaue Reiter
5173:
5166:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5138:
5137:
5127:
5126:
5116:
5092:
5085:
5078:
5069:
5068:
5057:Related articles
5049:
5048:
5031:
5023:
5015:
5007:
5003:Deconstructivism
4999:
4991:
4983:
4975:
4967:
4959:
4951:
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4935:
4927:
4919:
4911:
4903:
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4887:
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4871:
4863:
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4847:
4839:
4831:
4823:
4815:
4807:
4799:
4791:
4783:
4775:
4767:
4759:
4751:
4587:Deconstructivism
4515:
4508:
4501:
4492:
4491:
4340:
4339:Der Blaue Reiter
4300:Rudolf von Laban
4287:
4242:Erich Mendelsohn
4195:Der Blaue Reiter
4138:
4102:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4070:
4069:
3956:
3931:
3862:
3861:
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3793:
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3768:
3762:
3759:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3736:. Archived from
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3710:. Archived from
3704:
3698:
3695:
3689:
3682:
3676:
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3667:
3664:
3658:
3655:
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3372:
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3363:
3354:
3351:
3338:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3247:Deconstructivism
3235:Amsterdam School
3198:Erich Mendelsohn
3178:Bernhard Hoetger
2970:Martin Elsaesser
2888:, Bispebjerg by
2869:Bernhard Hoetger
2770:Borsig-Tower in
2520:Erich Mendelsohn
2502:Erich Mendelsohn
2185:Erich Mendelsohn
2096:Amsterdam School
1996:Glasarchitecktur
1963:Amsterdam School
1874:Amsterdam School
1835:Der Blaue Reiter
1801:Erich Mendelsohn
1793:Kenneth Frampton
1760:Ad van der Steur
1549:
1534:
1515:
1504:Daniel Libeskind
1492:
1475:Fire Station in
1469:
1446:
1423:
1400:
1381:
1358:
1335:
1323:
1303:
1276:
1252:
1241:Douglas Cardinal
1233:Daniel Libeskind
1225:deconstructivist
1148:Sigfried Giedion
1112:Der Blaue Reiter
1100:Schmidt-Rottluff
1070:Amsterdam School
1062:Northern Germany
992:Der Blaue Reiter
962:
947:
930:since 1912 and "
924:Der Blaue Reiter
916:DER BLAUE REITER
912:
564:Underlying ideas
558:Vienna Secession
516:Erich Mendelsohn
505:Vladimir Tatlins
273:Nikolaus Pevsner
226:Erich Mendelsohn
222:Amsterdam School
124:Amsterdam School
85:Amsterdam School
47:Erich Mendelsohn
21:
8372:
8371:
8367:
8366:
8365:
8363:
8362:
8361:
8327:
8326:
8325:
8320:
8311:
8303:
8290:
8283:
8276:
8271:Structural film
8269:
8262:
8255:
8248:
8241:
8234:
8227:
8222:New Objectivity
8220:
8213:
8208:Neo-romanticism
8206:
8201:Neo-primitivism
8199:
8192:
8185:
8178:
8171:
8164:
8157:
8150:
8143:
8136:
8127:
8120:
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7886:
7880:
7874:
7868:
7862:
7856:
7850:
7847:VerklÀrte Nacht
7844:
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7809:
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5754:
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5712:
5705:
5698:
5693:Lowell (Robert)
5691:
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5670:
5663:
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4819:New Objectivity
4813:
4805:
4797:
4789:
4781:
4773:
4765:
4757:
4749:
4740:
4738:
4737:By start year /
4731:
4662:New Objectivity
4525:
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4363:
4342:
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4202:Carcass of Beef
4175:
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4097:
4063:Wayback Machine
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3714:on May 18, 2004
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3327:
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3318:
3314:
3310:
3274:Basil Al Bayati
3243:New Objectivity
3227:
3222:
3183:Michel de Klerk
3137:
3117:
3077:
3061:
3046:HallgrĂmskirkja
3039:
3017:
3003:
2988:
2972:) is completed.
2941:
2861:Böttcherstrasse
2852:
2819:
2762:
2711:
2700:Michel de Klerk
2692:designs second
2640:
2588:
2464:Weimar republic
2417:Michel de Klerk
2394:Michel de Klerk
2380:
2328:
2264:Opening of the
2193:Bernard Hoetger
2159:
2080:
2055:Michel de Klerk
2049:
2023:
1938:
1899:Michel de Klerk
1893:
1878:Scheepvaarthuis
1850:
1771:
1719:Herwarth Walden
1708:
1675:
1660:science fiction
1656:Paul Scheerbart
1649:
1602:
1578:
1571:
1564:
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1493:
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1424:
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1359:
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1295:
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1268:
1253:
1175:Mathias Goeritz
1144:
1077:Scheepvaarthuis
1015:
1009:
976:
969:
963:
954:
948:
939:
913:
829:performing arts
796:
744:Paul Scheerbart
736:
628:Paul Scheerbart
566:
530:Kurt Schwitters
528:by Dada artist
468:or in Germany,
446:Weimar Republic
414:Centennial Hall
397:Water tower in
391:
285:
283:Characteristics
254:New Objectivity
132:
120:the Netherlands
97:Michel de Klerk
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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8232:
8229:Poetic realism
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8204:
8197:
8190:
8183:
8176:
8169:
8162:
8159:Late modernity
8155:
8152:Late modernism
8148:
8141:
8134:
8133:
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8125:
8118:
8104:
8097:
8094:High modernism
8090:
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8076:
8069:
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8055:
8048:
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8038:Degenerate art
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8008:Ballets Russes
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6754:Ray (Satyajit)
6750:
6747:Ray (Nicholas)
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5839:The Waste Land
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5150:Constructivism
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4803:Constructivism
4800:
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4763:Prairie School
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4687:Prairie School
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4567:Constructivism
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4533:
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4530:Alphabetically
4527:
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4413:Paul Hindemith
4410:
4404:
4402:
4399:Expressionist
4396:
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4377:
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4314:Expressionist
4311:
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4308:
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4302:
4297:
4291:
4289:
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4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
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4252:
4250:
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4233:Expressionist
4230:
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4205:
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4137:Ăcole de Paris
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4046:
4045:External links
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4013:
3999:
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3843:978-1780672724
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3309:
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3249:, the work of
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3215:
3213:Rudolf Steiner
3210:
3205:
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3195:
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3165:
3164:â early period
3162:Walter Gropius
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3125:
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3028:degenerate art
3013:
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2991:Completion of
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2962:GroĂmarkthalle
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2879:, Hannover by
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2812:
2811:
2808:
2797:
2788:group becomes
2783:
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2754:
2747:
2744:
2739:Foundation of
2737:
2727:
2721:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2697:
2690:Rudolf Steiner
2687:
2681:
2678:
2675:Walter Gropius
2672:
2667:in Hamburg by
2662:
2655:Johannes Itten
2636:
2633:
2632:
2619:
2604:Toompea Castle
2601:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2570:
2543:
2528:Einstein Tower
2517:
2499:
2493:
2470:Walter Gropius
2467:
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2327:
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2296:
2279:
2278:(Early Light).
2269:
2262:
2251:Hans Luckhardt
2245:letter of the
2232:
2218:
2212:
2205:Walter Gropius
2181:
2174:Walter Gropius
2155:
2152:
2151:
2148:Die Stadtkrone
2144:
2130:
2122:Novembergruppe
2118:
2103:
2092:
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2076:
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2072:
2065:
2045:
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2029:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1946:Front page of
1934:
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1913:Rudolf Steiner
1910:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1870:
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1846:
1843:
1842:
1832:
1817:Walter Gropius
1814:
1804:
1797:Die Stadtkrone
1767:
1737:
1736:
1729:Franz Pfemfert
1707:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1695:and others in
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1557:Canary Islands
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1412:Fariborz Sahba
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1362:Finlandia Hall
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1217:Enric Miralles
1143:
1140:
1058:clinker bricks
1011:Main article:
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1005:
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907:
848:Weltbaumeister
795:
792:
760:Einstein Tower
749:Glass Pavilion
735:
732:
674:The Sea of Ice
639:Walter Gropius
616:Charles Darwin
565:
562:
493:Constructivist
390:
387:
386:
385:
382:
347:
328:
321:
313:
310:
303:
300:
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238:Walter Gropius
230:Einstein Tower
187:Glass Pavilion
131:
128:
73:Rudolf Steiner
35:Einstein Tower
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8369:
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8348:
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8309:
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8307:Postmodernism
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8286:
8282:
8279:
8275:
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8268:
8265:
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8258:
8254:
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8250:Metamodernism
8247:
8244:
8240:
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8233:
8230:
8226:
8223:
8219:
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8215:New Hollywood
8212:
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8108:Impressionism
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7652:
7648:
7645:
7641:
7638:
7634:
7631:
7627:
7624:
7620:
7617:
7613:
7610:
7606:
7603:
7599:
7596:
7592:
7589:
7585:
7582:
7578:
7575:
7571:
7568:
7564:
7561:
7557:
7554:
7550:
7547:
7543:
7540:
7536:
7533:
7529:
7528:
7526:
7524:
7520:
7513:
7509:
7506:
7502:
7499:
7495:
7492:
7488:
7485:
7481:
7478:
7474:
7471:
7467:
7464:
7460:
7457:
7453:
7450:
7446:
7443:
7439:
7436:
7432:
7429:
7425:
7422:
7418:
7415:
7411:
7408:
7404:
7401:
7397:
7394:
7390:
7387:
7383:
7380:
7376:
7373:
7369:
7366:
7362:
7359:
7355:
7352:
7348:
7345:
7341:
7338:
7334:
7331:
7327:
7324:
7320:
7317:
7313:
7310:
7306:
7303:
7299:
7296:
7292:
7289:
7285:
7282:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7273:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7258:
7244:
7243:
7238:
7232:
7231:
7226:
7220:
7216:
7210:
7206:
7200:
7199:
7194:
7188:
7187:
7182:
7176:
7175:
7170:
7164:
7163:
7158:
7152:
7151:
7146:
7140:
7139:
7134:
7128:
7127:
7122:
7116:
7115:
7110:
7104:
7103:
7098:
7092:
7091:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7074:
7068:
7067:
7062:
7061:
7059:
7055:
7048:
7044:
7041:
7037:
7034:
7030:
7027:
7023:
7020:
7016:
7013:
7009:
7006:
7002:
6999:
6995:
6992:
6988:
6985:
6981:
6978:
6974:
6971:
6967:
6964:
6960:
6957:
6953:
6950:
6946:
6943:
6939:
6936:
6935:Hundertwasser
6932:
6929:
6925:
6922:
6918:
6915:
6911:
6908:
6904:
6901:
6897:
6894:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6885:
6881:
6874:
6870:
6867:
6863:
6860:
6856:
6853:
6849:
6846:
6842:
6839:
6835:
6832:
6828:
6825:
6821:
6818:
6814:
6811:
6807:
6804:
6800:
6797:
6793:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6779:
6776:
6772:
6769:
6765:
6762:
6758:
6755:
6751:
6748:
6744:
6741:
6737:
6734:
6730:
6727:
6723:
6720:
6716:
6713:
6709:
6706:
6702:
6699:
6695:
6692:
6688:
6685:
6681:
6678:
6674:
6671:
6667:
6664:
6660:
6657:
6653:
6650:
6646:
6643:
6639:
6636:
6632:
6629:
6625:
6622:
6618:
6615:
6611:
6608:
6604:
6601:
6597:
6594:
6590:
6587:
6583:
6580:
6576:
6573:
6569:
6566:
6562:
6559:
6555:
6552:
6548:
6545:
6541:
6538:
6534:
6531:
6527:
6524:
6520:
6517:
6513:
6510:
6506:
6503:
6499:
6496:
6492:
6489:
6485:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6471:
6468:
6464:
6461:
6457:
6454:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6441:
6434:
6430:
6427:
6423:
6420:
6416:
6413:
6409:
6406:
6402:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6388:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6374:
6371:
6367:
6364:
6360:
6357:
6353:
6350:
6346:
6343:
6339:
6336:
6332:
6329:
6325:
6322:
6318:
6315:
6311:
6308:
6304:
6301:
6297:
6294:
6290:
6287:
6283:
6280:
6276:
6273:
6269:
6266:
6262:
6259:
6255:
6252:
6248:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6227:
6224:
6220:
6217:
6213:
6210:
6206:
6203:
6199:
6196:
6192:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6171:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6143:
6140:
6136:
6133:
6129:
6126:
6122:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6108:
6105:
6101:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6087:
6084:
6080:
6077:
6073:
6070:
6066:
6063:
6059:
6056:
6052:
6049:
6045:
6042:
6038:
6035:
6031:
6028:
6024:
6021:
6017:
6014:
6010:
6007:
6003:
6000:
5996:
5993:
5989:
5986:
5982:
5979:
5975:
5972:
5968:
5965:
5961:
5958:
5954:
5951:
5947:
5944:
5940:
5937:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5928:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5915:
5901:
5900:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5877:
5876:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5841:
5840:
5835:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5817:
5816:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5792:
5785:
5781:
5778:
5774:
5771:
5767:
5764:
5760:
5757:
5753:
5750:
5746:
5743:
5739:
5736:
5732:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5718:
5715:
5711:
5708:
5704:
5701:
5697:
5694:
5690:
5687:
5683:
5680:
5676:
5673:
5669:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5648:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5634:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5620:
5617:
5613:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5576:
5569:
5565:
5562:
5558:
5555:
5551:
5548:
5544:
5541:
5537:
5534:
5530:
5527:
5523:
5520:
5516:
5513:
5509:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5481:
5478:
5474:
5471:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5453:
5450:
5446:
5443:
5439:
5436:
5432:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5411:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5390:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5312:Literary arts
5309:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5253:Neoplasticism
5250:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5233:
5229:
5224:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:Functionalism
5213:
5210:
5206:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5192:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:Expressionism
5168:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5143:Ashcan School
5140:
5136:
5135:
5129:
5125:
5124:
5118:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5093:
5088:
5086:
5081:
5079:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5037:
5028:
5025:
5020:
5019:New Classical
5017:
5012:
5009:
5004:
5001:
4996:
4993:
4988:
4985:
4980:
4977:
4972:
4969:
4964:
4963:Postmodernism
4961:
4956:
4953:
4948:
4947:Structuralism
4945:
4940:
4937:
4932:
4929:
4924:
4921:
4916:
4913:
4908:
4905:
4902:(1930sâ1950s)
4900:
4897:
4892:
4889:
4884:
4881:
4876:
4873:
4868:
4865:
4860:
4857:
4854:(1920sâ1970s)
4852:
4851:Functionalism
4849:
4844:
4841:
4838:(1920sâ1930s)
4836:
4833:
4828:
4825:
4820:
4817:
4812:
4809:
4804:
4801:
4796:
4793:
4788:
4785:
4780:
4777:
4772:
4771:Expressionism
4769:
4766:(1890sâ1920s)
4764:
4761:
4756:
4753:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4734:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4717:Structuralism
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4677:Postmodernism
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4652:New Classical
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4637:Monumentalism
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4597:Functionalism
4595:
4593:
4592:Expressionism
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4516:
4511:
4509:
4504:
4502:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4444:Ernst Barlach
4442:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4397:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4312:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4172:
4171:ChaĂŻm Soutine
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4101:Expressionism
4094:
4089:
4087:
4082:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4026:
4025:0-85139-632-1
4022:
4018:
4014:
4012:
4011:0-500-34058-7
4008:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3984:
3983:0-262-23121-2
3980:
3976:
3972:
3970:
3969:0-14-009963-8
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3952:0-00-686129-6
3948:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3933:
3929:
3927:0-520-23003-5
3923:
3919:
3914:
3912:
3911:0-500-20257-5
3908:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3859:
3853:
3845:
3839:
3835:
3828:
3820:
3814:
3810:
3803:
3788:
3781:
3773:
3767:
3758:
3756:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3694:
3687:
3681:
3672:
3663:
3654:
3652:
3642:
3633:
3624:
3615:
3613:
3603:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3580:
3571:
3562:
3553:
3551:
3541:
3532:
3523:
3514:
3505:
3496:
3487:
3478:
3476:
3466:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3443:
3428:
3422:
3413:
3404:
3395:
3393:
3386:
3380:
3371:
3362:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3334:
3325:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3208:Hans Scharoun
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2391:
2388:Clubhouse in
2386:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2286:Hans Scharoun
2283:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2259:Hans Scharoun
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2201:Otto Bartning
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
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1825:Fagus Factory
1822:
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1581:Reactions to
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1312:Hans Scharoun
1309:
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1297:
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1292:Eero Saarinen
1289:
1285:
1284:New York City
1281:
1275:
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1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
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1190:Eero Saarinen
1186:
1184:
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1179:Luis BarragĂĄn
1176:
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1165:
1161:
1157:
1156:functionalism
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865:'s 1920 film
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651:
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621:
620:Ernst Haeckel
617:
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604:. The author
603:
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589:
588:
583:
582:Henri Bergson
579:
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531:
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526:
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502:
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494:
490:
485:
483:
480:was known by
479:
478:Ernst Haeckel
475:
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458:
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439:
438:Expressionism
431:
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258:Hans Scharoun
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108:expressionist
105:
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70:
67:
63:
59:
55:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
8305:
8298:
8045:Ecomodernism
7953:
7941:
7929:
7917:
7905:
7893:
7883:The Firebird
7881:
7869:
7857:
7845:
7833:
7821:
7240:
7230:Citizen Kane
7228:
7219:Fallingwater
7209:Villa Savoye
7196:
7184:
7172:
7160:
7148:
7138:Black Square
7136:
7124:
7112:
7100:
7088:
7076:
7064:
6956:Le Corbusier
6884:Architecture
5897:
5885:
5873:
5863:Mrs Dalloway
5861:
5849:
5837:
5825:
5813:
5801:
5686:Lowell (Amy)
5042:
5027:Contemporary
4979:Neo-futurism
4971:Blobitecture
4910:(1930sâ1970)
4770:
4642:Neo-Futurism
4591:
4572:Contemporary
4552:Blobitecture
4449:Erich Heckel
4428:Anton Webern
4380:Erich Heckel
4359:Egon Schiele
4323:Ètefan Baciu
4275:Robert Wiene
4270:F. W. Murnau
4235:Architecture
4221:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4188:Blue Horse I
4186:
4166:Jules Pascin
4146:Marc Chagall
4126:Edvard Munch
4030:
4016:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3974:
3960:
3937:
3917:
3902:
3895:
3881:
3874:
3868:Bibliography
3852:
3833:
3827:
3808:
3802:
3790:. Retrieved
3780:
3766:
3742:. Retrieved
3738:the original
3728:
3716:. Retrieved
3712:the original
3702:
3693:
3685:
3680:
3675:Pehnt, p.168
3671:
3666:Pehnt, p.166
3662:
3657:Pehnt, p.164
3645:Pehnt, p.127
3641:
3636:Pehnt, p.121
3632:
3627:Benson p.100
3623:
3606:Benson, p118
3602:
3597:Pehnt, p.167
3579:
3570:
3561:
3540:
3531:
3522:
3517:Pehnt, p.117
3513:
3508:Pehnt, p.119
3504:
3499:Pehnt, p.169
3495:
3490:Sharp, p.110
3486:
3465:
3442:
3430:. Retrieved
3421:
3412:
3403:
3384:
3379:
3370:
3365:Pehnt, p.203
3353:Pehnt, p.163
3333:
3328:Jencks, p.59
3324:
3315:
3302:Le Corbusier
3286:
3259:
3255:Blobitecture
3228:
3203:Hans Poelzig
3157:Antoni GaudĂ
3034:
3033:
3012:
3011:
2998:
2997:
2955:Le Corbusier
2936:
2935:
2908:is built in
2847:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2814:
2813:
2803:
2780:Hans Poelzig
2772:Berlin-Tegel
2757:
2756:
2751:Antoni GaudĂ
2706:
2705:
2635:
2634:
2631:is released.
2622:
2583:
2582:
2483:
2473:
2472:designs the
2443:De Bijenkorf
2375:
2374:
2365:Kropotkinian
2343:Hans Poelzig
2310:Piet Kramers
2299:Hans Poelzig
2228:
2224:
2189:Hannes Meyer
2154:
2153:
2140:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2018:
2017:
1995:
1947:
1933:
1932:
1888:
1887:
1872:Work of the
1866:
1856:Hans Poelzig
1845:
1844:
1777:Hans Poelzig
1766:
1765:
1743:
1722:
1712:
1680:(1909â1912)
1670:
1669:
1644:
1643:
1619:Antoni Gaudi
1597:
1596:
1404:Lotus Temple
1288:TWA Terminal
1265:Le Corbusier
1214:
1201:
1194:TWA Terminal
1187:
1172:
1164:Le Corbusier
1151:
1150:in his book
1145:
1118:since 1912 (
1094:since 1905 (
1081:
1074:
1037:
1035:
996:
983:
977:
896:
885:
880:
876:
872:
866:
863:Paul Wegener
852:
847:
840:Hans Poelzig
833:
822:
811:
803:
779:Josef Franke
776:
767:
763:
757:
737:
727:
721:
715:
705:
701:
700:founded the
690:Schopenhauer
679:
647:
609:
599:
591:
585:
567:
541:Antoni GaudĂ
534:
523:
500:
486:
459:
435:
403:Hans Poelzig
286:
262:
249:
246:Hans Poelzig
203:
161:
153:
137:
133:
130:In the 1920s
103:
102:
8300:Romanticism
8257:Remodernism
8138:Incoherents
7997:Avant-garde
7988:Armory Show
7595:Maeterlinck
7498:Villa-Lobos
7484:Szymanowski
7463:Stockhausen
7400:LutosĆawski
7118:(1909â1910)
5918:Visual arts
5891:(1928â1940)
5807:(1913â1927)
5330:Apollinaire
5294:Synchromism
5134:Art Nouveau
4942:(1953â1970)
4918:(1933â1969)
4894:(1933â1944)
4891:PWA Moderne
4878:(1910â1939)
4830:(1925â1950)
4822:(1922â1933)
4814:(1921â1929)
4811:Rondocubism
4806:(1920â1932)
4798:(1919â1933)
4790:(1917â1931)
4758:(1890â1910)
4755:Art Nouveau
4750:(1888â1911)
4722:Sustainable
4697:Rondocubism
4682:PWA Moderne
4542:Art Nouveau
4418:Marij Kogoj
4375:Fritz Bleyl
4305:Mary Wigman
4295:Pina Bausch
3989:Art Journal
3618:Sharp, p.18
3565:Pehnt, p.42
3556:Pehnt, p.41
3544:Pehnt, p.34
3526:Pehnt, p.59
3481:Sharp, p.95
3469:Pehnt, p.97
3460:Pehnt, p.16
3416:Sharp p.119
3398:Pehnt, p.20
3374:Sharp p.166
3337:Sharp, p.68
3266:biomorphism
3231:Art Nouveau
3188:Piet Kramer
3173:Fritz Höger
3168:Hugo HĂ€ring
3147:VĂctor Eusa
3142:Adolf Behne
2951:Hugo HĂ€ring
2930:Fritz Höger
2894:Release of
2881:Fritz Höger
2794:Hugo HĂ€ring
2730:Hugo HĂ€ring
2724:Hugo HĂ€ring
2669:Fritz Höger
2629:F.W. Murnau
2573:Hugo HĂ€ring
2547:Luckenwalde
2536:Snellebrand
2451:Piet Kramer
2413:Piet Kramer
2358:Rationalism
2313:De Dageraad
2293:unconscious
2247:Glass Chain
2221:Adolf Behne
2178:Adolf Behne
2138:Bruno Tauts
2132:December â
2120:November â
2115:Adolf Behne
2105:November â
2086:Adolf Behne
2032:Franz Kafka
1841:and Berlin.
1821:Adolf Meyer
1617:, 1905â12 (
1583:Art Nouveau
1523:Los Angeles
1502:, 1989â99 (
1458:Frank Gehry
1387:, 1957â73 (
1370:Alvar Aalto
1347:Kenzo Tange
1310:, 1956â63 (
1290:, 1956â62 (
1263:, 1950â55 (
1030:Fritz Höger
986:in 1912 by
974:Abstraction
938:since 1905.
871:. Space in
859:fairy tales
711:romanticism
698:Max Dessoir
606:Franz Kafka
525:The Merzbau
474:Romanticism
466:Art Nouveau
424:, 1911â13 (
318:Art Nouveau
218:Glass Chain
166:Scenography
95:, 1917â20 (
71:, 1924â28 (
69:Switzerland
45:, 1919â22 (
8331:Categories
8187:Maximalism
8122:Literature
7797:Wiesenthal
7699:Cunningham
7692:Balanchine
7672:Witkiewicz
7644:Strindberg
7630:Pirandello
7602:Mayakovsky
7477:Stravinsky
7449:Schoenberg
7261:Performing
7186:Metropolis
6977:Mendelsohn
6782:Rossellini
6775:Richardson
6586:Fassbinder
6572:Eisenstein
6509:Cassavetes
6265:Modigliani
6139:Goncharova
6125:Giacometti
5519:Dos Passos
5321:Literature
5280:Surrealism
5191:Die BrĂŒcke
4955:Metabolism
4867:Organicism
4747:Modernisme
4667:Organicism
4632:Modernisme
4622:Metabolism
4521:Genres of
4458:Influenced
4408:Alban Berg
4368:Die BrĂŒcke
4354:Franz Marc
4316:Literature
4265:Fritz Lang
4247:Bruno Taut
4223:The Scream
3583:Sharp, p.6
3574:Sharp, p.5
3535:Sharp, p.3
3446:Sharp, p.9
3218:Bruno Taut
3193:Carl Krayl
3098:béton brut
3086:postmodern
3044:Design of
2900:Metropolis
2896:Fritz Lang
2841:The Castle
2786:Zehnerring
2741:Zehnerring
2718:Dawes plan
2694:Goetheanum
2514:W.M. Dudok
2510:J.J.P. Oud
2490:Fritz Lang
2485:Metropolis
2339:in Berlin.
2337:Marmorhaus
2282:Bruno Taut
2272:Bruno Taut
2223:publishes
2170:Bruno Taut
2111:Bruno Taut
2034:publishes
1979:Finsterlin
1975:Mendelsohn
1948:Die Aktion
1917:Goetheanum
1823:build the
1724:Die Aktion
1682:Adolf Loos
1631:Die BrĂŒcke
1481:Zaha Hadid
1389:JĂžrn Utzon
1239:architect
1229:Zaha Hadid
1206:JĂžrn Utzon
1202:Formspiels
1088:Die BrĂŒcke
1068:, but the
932:Die BrĂŒcke
892:Metropolis
888:Fritz Lang
814:theatrical
783:Ruhrgebiet
740:monolithic
720:, such as
682:aesthetics
650:psychology
624:biomorphic
570:philosophy
554:Hill House
514:movement.
482:Finsterlin
470:Jugendstil
451:revolution
340:Romanesque
269:degenerate
198:Bruno Taut
176:Bruno Taut
162:Formspiels
150:Bruno Taut
58:Goetheanum
8347:Modernism
8236:Pulp noir
8194:Modernity
8059:Film noir
7783:St. Denis
7706:Diaghilev
7442:Schaeffer
7365:Hindemith
7337:Dutilleux
7309:Boulanger
7114:The Dance
6810:Tarkovsky
6803:Sternberg
6635:Hitchcock
6551:Dovzhenko
6467:Antonioni
6412:Stieglitz
6251:Metzinger
6202:Kokoschka
6181:Kandinsky
5595:Aldington
5588:Akhmatova
5505:Marinetti
5498:Mansfield
5449:Hemingway
5287:Symbolism
5106:Movements
5099:Modernism
5011:Neomodern
4987:High-tech
4939:New Khmer
4923:Brutalism
4899:Stalinist
4702:Stalinist
4657:New Khmer
4647:Neomodern
4612:High-tech
4562:Bowellism
4557:Brutalism
4258:in Cinema
4180:Paintings
4056:Wendingen
3943:918 pages
3094:Brutalist
2966:Frankfurt
2910:Stuttgart
2805:The Trial
2665:Chilehaus
2651:Zeitgeist
2624:Nosferatu
2621:The film
2608:Riigikogu
2598:FrĂŒhlicht
2563:Stuttgart
2555:Leningrad
2524:Mossehaus
2506:Wendingen
2496:FrĂŒhlicht
2460:Magdeburg
2447:The Hague
2432:Plan Zuid
2428:Amsterdam
2415:, high) (
2409:Plan Zuid
2405:Amsterdam
2390:Amsterdam
2347:The Golem
2276:FrĂŒhlicht
2100:Wendingen
2059:Het Schip
2009:Normative
1983:Feininger
1959:WENDINGEN
1907:Amsterdam
1714:Der Sturm
1662:image of
1654:The poet
1638:Casa MilĂ
1615:Barcelona
1611:Casa MilĂ
1431:ReykjavĂk
1160:Brutalism
1136:Jawlensky
1120:Kandinsky
1066:Ruhr area
1036:The term
1022:Chilehaus
966:WENDINGEN
951:WENDINGEN
881:Der Golem
873:Der Golem
868:Der Golem
768:Ein Stein
734:Materials
658:Carl Jung
648:Emergent
601:Ecce Homo
334:than the
140:modernist
93:Amsterdam
89:Het Schip
8318:Category
7919:Fountain
7823:Don Juan
7762:Nijinsky
7658:Wedekind
7637:Piscator
7532:Anderson
7456:Scriabin
7372:Honegger
7026:Sullivan
7012:Saarinen
7005:Rietveld
6998:Niemeyer
6970:Melnikov
6900:Bunshaft
6831:Truffaut
6796:Sjöström
6740:Pudovkin
6712:Minnelli
6677:Kurosawa
6670:Kuleshov
6600:Flaherty
6426:Vuillard
6405:Steichen
6363:Rousseau
6328:Pissarro
6307:O'Keeffe
6272:Mondrian
6223:Malevich
6216:Magritte
6188:Kirchner
6132:van Gogh
6083:Doesburg
6062:Delaunay
6055:Delaunay
5978:BrĂąncuÈi
5964:Boccioni
5927:Painting
5777:Williams
5700:Mallarmé
5616:Cendrars
5526:Platonov
5484:Lawrence
5477:Koestler
5414:Flaubert
5407:Faulkner
5372:Bulgakov
5301:Tonalism
5262:De Stijl
5246:Lettrism
5232:Futurism
5123:Art Deco
5030:(2000sâ)
5022:(1990sâ)
5014:(1990sâ)
5006:(1980sâ)
4998:(1980sâ)
4990:(1970sâ)
4982:(1960sâ)
4974:(1960sâ)
4966:(1960sâ)
4931:Tropical
4875:Art Deco
4870:(1920sâ)
4862:(1920sâ)
4859:Futurism
4846:(1920sâ)
4787:De Stijl
4727:Tropical
4602:Futurism
4582:De Stijl
4537:Art Deco
4116:El Greco
4059:Archived
3792:17 April
3761:Frampton
3744:17 April
3718:17 April
3432:17 April
3239:Art Deco
2928:, 1927 (
2926:Hannover
2867:, 1927 (
2826:Der Ring
2800:Max Brod
2790:Der Ring
2732:designs
2567:Chemnitz
2551:De Klerk
2449:, 1926 (
2290:Freudian
2197:Max Taut
2183:April â
1987:De Stijl
1967:de Klerk
1569:Timeline
1559:, 2003 (
1540:, inside
1479:, 1994 (
1456:, 1989 (
1433:, 1986 (
1410:, 1986 (
1368:, 1971 (
1366:Helsinki
1345:, 1964 (
1261:Ronchamp
1096:Kirchner
1064:and the
1028:, 1923 (
764:Einstein
546:Der Ring
501:FrĂŒlicht
489:Futurist
426:Max Berg
401:, 1911 (
367:Egyptian
342:and the
307:concepts
196:, 1914 (
7973:Related
7835:Ubu Roi
7790:Tamiris
7776:Sokolow
7755:Massine
7623:Osborne
7616:O'Neill
7609:O'Casey
7567:Chekhov
7553:Beckett
7539:Anouilh
7523:Theatre
7470:Strauss
7428:Russolo
7407:Milhaud
7386:JanĂĄÄek
7358:GĂłrecki
7351:Feldman
7330:Debussy
7323:Copland
7281:Antheil
7019:Steiner
6942:Johnson
6921:Guimard
6914:Gropius
6761:Resnais
6663:Kubrick
6593:Fellini
6579:Epstein
6565:Edwards
6530:Cocteau
6516:Chaplin
6488:Bresson
6481:Bergman
6460:Aldrich
6453:Akerman
6398:Soutine
6370:Schiele
6321:Picasso
6314:Picabia
6244:Matisse
6118:Gauguin
6090:Duchamp
6048:Kooning
6027:Claudel
6020:Chirico
6013:Chagall
6006:CĂ©zanne
5999:Cassatt
5971:Bonnard
5957:Bellows
5950:Balthus
5827:Ulysses
5749:Stevens
5742:Seferis
5561:Unamuno
5400:Forster
5379:Chekhov
5344:Beckett
5273:Orphism
5239:Imagism
5223:Bauhaus
5209:Fauvism
5114:Acmeism
4958:(1959â)
4950:(1959â)
4934:(1958â)
4886:(1930s)
4795:Bauhaus
4782:(1913â)
4774:(1910â)
4547:Bauhaus
4209:Pierrot
3875:Disegno
3096:use of
2646:Bauhaus
2616:Estonia
2612:Tallinn
2559:Breslau
2419:, low)
2369:Soviets
2243:Utopian
2215:Bauhaus
2209:Bauhaus
1781:WrocĆaw
1748:WrocĆaw
1666:future.
1664:utopian
1628:Dresden
1586:nature.
1092:Dresden
1026:Hamburg
1001:Bauhaus
936:Dresden
855:legends
751:at the
694:sublime
608:in his
418:WrocĆaw
389:Context
363:Islamic
359:Moorish
355:western
351:eastern
297:realism
234:Potsdam
210:Cologne
191:Cologne
189:at the
112:Germany
62:Dornach
39:Potsdam
7959:(1953)
7947:(1928)
7935:(1921)
7923:(1917)
7911:(1913)
7899:(1912)
7887:(1910)
7875:(1905)
7871:Salome
7863:(1902)
7851:(1899)
7839:(1896)
7827:(1888)
7804:Wigman
7734:Graham
7727:Fuller
7720:Fokine
7713:Duncan
7665:Wilder
7651:Toller
7588:Kaiser
7560:Brecht
7546:Artaud
7505:Webern
7491:VarĂšse
7421:Partch
7393:Ligeti
7316:Boulez
7288:BartĂłk
7246:(1943)
7234:(1941)
7222:(1936)
7212:(1931)
7202:(1929)
7190:(1927)
7178:(1925)
7166:(1923)
7154:(1920)
7142:(1915)
7130:(1912)
7106:(1907)
7094:(1889)
7082:(1887)
7070:(1886)
7047:Wright
7033:Tatlin
6991:Neutra
6893:Breuer
6859:Welles
6845:Vertov
6768:Renoir
6719:Murnau
6705:Marker
6698:Lupino
6656:Keaton
6642:Hubley
6628:Godard
6614:Fuller
6558:Dreyer
6537:Dassin
6495:Buñuel
6391:Sisley
6384:Signac
6377:Seurat
6349:Renoir
6167:Hopper
6069:Demuth
5992:Calder
5985:Braque
5936:Albers
5903:(1929)
5879:(1926)
5867:(1925)
5855:(1924)
5843:(1922)
5831:(1922)
5819:(1915)
5770:Valéry
5756:Thomas
5721:Pessoa
5665:George
5658:Elytis
5651:Ăluard
5637:Desnos
5609:Cavafy
5579:Poetry
5540:Proust
5533:Porter
5435:Hamsun
5393:Döblin
5386:Conrad
5358:Breton
5337:Barnes
5157:Cubism
4907:Googie
4739:decade
4607:Googie
4039:180572
4037:
4023:
4009:
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3684:Taut,
3278:MĂĄlaga
3241:. The
3225:Legacy
3104:, and
3022:After
2865:Bremen
2743:group.
2532:Eibink
2480:Weimar
2392:1923 (
1971:Kramer
1839:Munich
1829:Alfeld
1789:PoznaĆ
1785:Poland
1750:, 1911
1697:Munich
1500:Berlin
1132:MĂŒnter
1116:Munich
1110:) and
1104:Heckel
1050:bricks
1042:German
928:Munich
818:Cinema
726:, and
668:1824,
643:Weimar
637:1921,
618:, and
580:, and
422:Poland
399:PoznaĆ
371:Indian
369:, and
344:Rococo
332:Gothic
178:(1910)
43:Berlin
8129:Post-
8115:Music
7814:Works
7769:Shawn
7748:Laban
7683:Dance
7581:Jarry
7574:Ibsen
7512:Weill
7435:Satie
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7302:Berio
7272:Music
7057:Works
6984:Nervi
6928:Horta
6907:GaudĂ
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6824:Trnka
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6474:Avery
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6300:Nolde
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6230:Manet
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6153:Grosz
6111:Ernst
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6041:Degas
5794:Works
5784:Yeats
5763:Tzara
5735:Rilke
5728:Pound
5707:Moore
5679:Lorca
5672:Jacob
5644:Eliot
5623:Crane
5602:Auden
5568:Woolf
5554:Svevo
5547:Stein
5512:Musil
5470:Kafka
5463:Joyce
5456:Hesse
5442:HaĆĄek
5365:Broch
5200:Music
4401:Music
3308:Notes
3282:Spain
3106:steel
3102:brick
2702:dies.
1860:LuboĆ
1473:Vitra
1408:Delhi
1406:, in
1343:Tokyo
1128:Macke
1108:Nolde
1054:tiles
934:" in
926:" in
652:from
379:Greek
375:Roman
66:Basel
64:near
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7741:Holm
7414:Nono
7379:Ives
7295:Berg
7263:arts
7040:Mies
6963:Loos
6949:Kahn
6873:Wood
6852:Vigo
6817:Tati
6789:Sirk
6684:Lang
6607:Ford
6444:Film
6433:Wood
6258:MirĂł
6237:Marc
6195:Klee
6160:Höch
6146:Gris
6097:Dufy
6034:DalĂ
5714:Owen
5630:H.D.
5491:Mann
5428:Gide
5421:Ford
5351:Bely
5164:Dada
4035:OCLC
4021:ISBN
4007:ISBN
3996:JSAH
3979:ISBN
3965:ISBN
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3922:ISBN
3907:ISBN
3886:ISBN
3838:ISBN
3813:ISBN
3794:2017
3746:2017
3720:2017
3434:2017
3268:and
3114:1960
3074:1950
3064:The
3058:1940
3037:1937
3024:Nazi
3015:1938
3001:1931
2985:1930
2968:(by
2960:The
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2850:1927
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1936:1914
1891:1913
1848:1912
1819:and
1769:1911
1721:and
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1673:1909
1647:1907
1600:1905
1575:1900
1306:The
1255:The
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1124:Marc
688:and
686:Kant
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