296:
336:
91:
22:
370:). The fraction of eNO is also flow-dependent (higher at lower flow rates and vice versa), so measurements are normally measured at 50 ml/s. Age or height could also considerably confound eNO values in children. The magnitude of these effects lies in the order of 10%, so even single cut-off values might be useful.
299:
An experimental setup used to measure the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in human breath samples. The subject blows into the tube (1) after a mouthpiece (2) has been connected to it. The wires on the side are part of the system that measures parameters like breath velocity, while the exhaled
196:
have looked at whether tailoring asthma therapy based on eNO values is better than conventional care, in which therapy is gauged by symptoms and the results of lung function tests. To date, the results in both adults and children have been modest and this technique can not be universally recommended.
343:
The subject can exhale directly into a measurement device ('online' technique), or into a reservoir that can afterwards be connected to the analyser ('offline' technique). With the former technique, the early and later NO in the breath sample can be analysed separately. The test requires little
76:) is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis, follow-up and as a guide to therapy in adults and children with asthma. The breath test has recently become available in many well-equipped hospitals in developed countries, although its exact role remains unclear.
140:
It was initially thought that exhaled NO derived mostly from the sinuses, which contain high levels of NO. It has subsequently been shown that the lower airways contribute most of the exhaled NO, and that contamination from the sinuses is minimal.
362:. However, several major features influence the reference values. Men have higher eNO values than women. Smoking notoriously lowers eNO values, and even former smoking status can influence results. The levels are higher in people with an
1633:
American
Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society (April 2005). "ATS/ERS recommendations for standardized procedures for the online and offline measurement of exhaled lower respiratory nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide, 2005".
1392:
De Prins S, Marcucci F, Sensi L, Van de
Mieroop E, Nelen V, Nawrot TS, et al. (September 2014). "Exhaled nitric oxide and nasal tryptase are associated with wheeze, rhinitis and nasal allergy in primary school children".
2489:
1495:
Van
Amsterdam JG, Verlaan BP, Van Loveren H, Elzakker BG, Vos SG, Opperhuizen A, Steerenberg PA (1999). "Air pollution is associated with increased level of exhaled nitric oxide in nonsmoking healthy subjects".
2655:
2842:
2168:
2564:
1764:
Travers J, Marsh S, Aldington S, Williams M, Shirtcliffe P, Pritchard A, et al. (August 2007). "Reference ranges for exhaled nitric oxide derived from a random community survey of adults".
2926:
2794:
2494:
800:
Shaw DE, Berry MA, Thomas M, Green RH, Brightling CE, Wardlaw AJ, Pavord ID (August 2007). "The use of exhaled nitric oxide to guide asthma management: a randomized controlled trial".
2464:
242:) or disease progression. Early findings indicate a possible role for eNO in predicting the response to inhaled glucocorticoids and the degree of airway obstruction reversibility.
3063:
2949:
2882:
2749:
1680:
Buchvald F, Baraldi E, Carraro S, Gaston B, De
Jongste J, Pijnenburg MW, et al. (June 2005). "Measurements of exhaled nitric oxide in healthy subjects age 4 to 17 years".
3021:
2895:
2812:
2454:
2042:
1842:
Gustafsson LE, Leone AM, Persson MG, Wiklund NP, Moncada S (December 1991). "Endogenous nitric oxide is present in the exhaled air of rabbits, guinea pigs and humans".
845:"Management of asthma based on exhaled nitric oxide in addition to guideline-based treatment for inner-city adolescents and young adults: a randomised controlled trial"
2709:
3161:
3068:
3001:
2832:
2699:
2962:
2908:
2771:
2758:
990:
Hunt JF, Fang K, Malik R, Snyder A, Malhotra N, Platts-Mills TA, Gaston B (March 2000). "Endogenous airway acidification. Implications for asthma pathophysiology".
2872:
2333:
2817:
2549:
158:
have higher eNO levels than other people. Their levels also rise together with other clinical and laboratory parameters of asthma (for example, the amount of
2877:
2479:
2449:
1350:
1025:
Shin HW, Shelley DA, Henderson EM, Fitzpatrick A, Gaston B, George SC (March 2007). "Airway nitric oxide release is reduced after PBS inhalation in asthma".
2867:
2469:
2822:
2474:
2298:
2293:
216:. This means that a positive eNO test might be useful to rule in a diagnosis of asthma; however, a negative test might not be as useful to rule it out.
3107:
2704:
2444:
2313:
2303:
2719:
2714:
2544:
3125:
2035:
2143:
540:"Effect of an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on differential flow-exhaled nitric oxide in asthmatic patients and healthy volunteers"
1266:
1118:
539:
2862:
2847:
2625:
2605:
2574:
2148:
2128:
2123:
2118:
1580:
Bos I, De Boever P, Vanparijs J, Pattyn N, Panis LI, Meeusen R (March 2013). "Subclinical effects of aerobic training in urban environment".
204:
The fraction of eNO has been found to be a better test to identify asthmatics than basic lung function testing (for airway obstruction). Its
3130:
2921:
2852:
2600:
2579:
3175:
3006:
2739:
2133:
2113:
3041:
3036:
2650:
2645:
2569:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2028:
3031:
3026:
3016:
2996:
2729:
2244:
1267:"Exhaled nitric oxide measurement is useful for the exclusion of nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis in patients with chronic cough"
238:
Exhaled NO is minimally increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but levels may rise in sudden worsenings of the disease (
2640:
2554:
2505:
2827:
2439:
178:, eNO levels rise. The eNO levels also tend to vary according to the results of lung function test results such as the degree of
137:
Although iNOS is thought to be the main contributor to exhaled NO in asthmatics, studies in mice also point to a role for nNOS.
2559:
583:"Contribution of nitric oxide synthases 1, 2, and 3 to airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a murine model of asthma"
491:"Epithelial inducible nitric oxide synthase activity is the major determinant of nitric oxide concentration in exhaled breath"
409:
NO was first detected in exhaled breath samples in 1991. In 1992, NO was voted molecule of the year by the scientific journal
2804:
427:
395:
1378:
3230:
347:
The
National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the UK have published guidance on available measuring devices:
712:"Sputum eosinophils and exhaled nitric oxide during late asthmatic reaction in patients with western red cedar asthma"
167:
1438:"Subclinical responses in healthy cyclists briefly exposed to traffic-related air pollution: an intervention study"
2459:
423:
266:
187:
3244:
1807:
Turner S (May 2007). "The role of exhaled nitric oxide in the diagnosis, management and treatment of asthma".
1209:
179:
671:"Daily home measurements of exhaled nitric oxide in asthmatic children during natural birch pollen exposure"
3362:
3332:
2318:
631:
3180:
2991:
2204:
1294:
1146:
567:
239:
213:
205:
197:
It has also been noted that factors other than inflammation can increase eNO levels, for example airway
2328:
262:
258:
1717:"Methodological issues related to exhaled nitric oxide measurement in children aged four to six years"
1070:"Exhaled nitric oxide rather than lung function distinguishes preschool children with probable asthma"
843:
Szefler SJ, Mitchell H, Sorkness CA, Gergen PJ, O'Connor GT, Morgan WJ, et al. (September 2008).
2214:
2102:
1533:"Ambient and microenvironmental particles and exhaled nitric oxide before and after a group bus trip"
446:
Pijnenburg MW, De
Jongste JC (February 2008). "Exhaled nitric oxide in childhood asthma: a review".
209:
422:
Today, NO is not only used in breath tests but also as a therapeutic agent for conditions such as
3261:
2789:
2521:
2209:
1351:"Use of exhaled nitric oxide in predicting response to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic cough"
284:
eNO has also been associated with wheeze, rhinitis and nasal allergy in primary school children.
3258:
2516:
2219:
1436:
Jacobs L, Nawrot TS, de Geus B, Meeusen R, Degraeuwe B, Bernard A, et al. (October 2010).
122:
respectively, whereas iNOS' action can be induced in states like inflammation (for example, by
3357:
3185:
2682:
2526:
107:
85:
1165:
Turner S (February 2008). "Exhaled nitric oxide in the diagnosis and management of asthma".
2531:
2484:
2308:
2234:
2224:
1890:
1449:
416:
232:
8:
3195:
630:
De
Sanctis GT, Mehta S, Kobzik L, Yandava C, Jiao A, Huang PL, Drazen JM (October 1997).
130:. As such, eNO (also known as FeNO "fractional exhaled nitric oxide") has been dubbed an
50:
1894:
1453:
581:
De
Sanctis GT, MacLean JA, Hamada K, Mehta S, Scott JA, Jiao A, et al. (May 1999).
489:
Lane C, Knight D, Burgess S, Franklin P, Horak F, Legg J, et al. (September 2004).
287:
Exposure to air pollution has been associated with decreased, and increased eNO levels.
2426:
2383:
2057:
2004:
1979:
1957:
1789:
1746:
1659:
1615:
1557:
1532:
1472:
1437:
1418:
1310:"Clinical usefulness of fractional exhaled nitric oxide for diagnosing prolonged cough"
1247:
1190:
1094:
1069:
1050:
967:
942:
918:
893:
869:
844:
825:
782:
607:
582:
515:
490:
471:
274:
245:
Children with cystic fibrosis have been found to have low eNO levels. In subjects with
224:
The role for eNO in other conditions is even less well established compared to asthma.
892:
Petsky HL, Kew KM, Turner C, Chang AB (September 2016). Cochrane
Airways Group (ed.).
860:
2403:
2093:
2009:
1949:
1908:
1859:
1855:
1824:
1781:
1738:
1697:
1651:
1632:
1607:
1562:
1513:
1477:
1422:
1410:
1370:
1331:
1286:
1239:
1225:
1182:
1138:
1099:
1042:
1007:
972:
923:
874:
817:
774:
733:
692:
651:
612:
559:
520:
463:
459:
411:
391:
387:
359:
344:
coordination from the subject, and children older than 4 can be tested successfully.
313:
305:
235:), studies have looked at whether eNO can be used in the diagnosis of chronic cough.
2020:
1793:
1750:
1251:
1210:"Exhaled nitric oxide levels in patients with atopic cough and cough variant asthma"
1194:
1054:
1038:
829:
786:
647:
475:
3077:
2671:
2398:
2349:
2229:
1999:
1991:
1961:
1939:
1898:
1851:
1816:
1773:
1728:
1689:
1663:
1643:
1619:
1597:
1589:
1552:
1544:
1505:
1467:
1457:
1402:
1362:
1321:
1278:
1229:
1221:
1174:
1130:
1089:
1081:
1034:
999:
962:
958:
954:
913:
909:
905:
864:
856:
809:
764:
723:
682:
643:
632:"Contribution of type I NOS to expired gas NO and bronchial responsiveness in mice"
602:
594:
551:
510:
502:
455:
403:
321:
115:
1308:
Sato S, Saito J, Sato Y, Ishii T, Xintao W, Tanino Y, et al. (October 2008).
3352:
3265:
2936:
2724:
2323:
1944:
1927:
1593:
1406:
1208:
Fujimura M, Ohkura N, Abo M, Furusho S, Waseda Y, Ichikawa Y, Hara J (May 2008).
1178:
1003:
728:
711:
399:
183:
111:
3285:
2944:
2837:
2734:
2434:
2421:
2408:
2054:
1820:
1777:
1693:
1326:
1309:
813:
753:"Use of exhaled nitric oxide measurements to guide treatment in chronic asthma"
687:
670:
328:. When this returns to its ground state, it emits light in quantities that are
250:
246:
193:
69:
1647:
1509:
3346:
3226:
2975:
2784:
2413:
2393:
2388:
2373:
383:
329:
325:
228:
175:
1995:
1980:"Exhaled nitric oxide measurements: clinical application and interpretation"
1903:
1878:
1085:
598:
506:
398:. After scientists realised that NO played a biological role, its role as a
25:
Chemical formula of nitric oxide (NO) together with its molecular size (115
3303:
3279:
2610:
2378:
2078:
2065:
2051:
2013:
1828:
1785:
1742:
1701:
1655:
1611:
1566:
1531:
Adar SD, Adamkiewicz G, Gold DR, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Suh H (April 2007).
1517:
1481:
1462:
1414:
1374:
1335:
1290:
1243:
1186:
1142:
1117:
Miedinger D, Chhajed PN, Tamm M, Stolz D, Surber C, Leuppi JD (June 2007).
1103:
1046:
1011:
976:
941:
Petsky HL, Kew KM, Chang AB (November 2016). Cochrane
Airways Group (ed.).
927:
878:
821:
778:
737:
696:
616:
563:
524:
467:
278:
61:
57:
3309:
cGMP preferring PDE inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil, paraxanthine, tadalafil)
1953:
1912:
1863:
1282:
1134:
655:
555:
3316:
3087:
3011:
2620:
2615:
2500:
2341:
2239:
2083:
943:"Exhaled nitric oxide levels to guide treatment for children with asthma"
769:
752:
379:
254:
159:
127:
42:
358:
The upper normal level of eNO in different studies ranges from 20 to 30
348:
295:
3289:
3269:
3203:
2857:
2274:
2269:
2158:
2138:
1733:
1716:
1494:
1366:
894:"Exhaled nitric oxide levels to guide treatment for adults with asthma"
382:
combustion, was thought only to play a role the detrimental effects of
99:
1602:
335:
90:
3275:
3234:
3097:
3092:
2153:
1548:
1234:
367:
123:
26:
1978:
Taylor DR, Pijnenburg MW, Smith AD, De Jongste JC (September 2006).
751:
Smith AD, Cowan JO, Brassett KP, Herbison GP, Taylor DR (May 2005).
126:). In inflammation, several cells use iNOS to produce NO, including
3296:
3252:
3238:
3153:
3055:
2744:
2635:
2182:
2073:
1391:
171:
65:
34:
21:
3216:
3082:
2595:
2590:
2539:
2358:
2353:
2279:
2199:
2188:
1067:
668:
198:
103:
72:
types in an inflammatory response. The fraction of exhaled NO (FE
419:
in Sweden were the first to report increased eNO in asthmatics.
257:
could also feature increased eNO. Low levels have been found in
114:), and neuronal (nNOS). The latter two are constantly active in
3312:
3208:
3102:
2665:
1977:
1928:"Increased amount of nitric oxide in exhaled air of asthmatics"
1068:
Malmberg LP, Pelkonen AS, Haahtela T, Turpeinen M (June 2003).
1024:
363:
163:
155:
119:
54:
46:
339:
evernoa medical device for measurement of exhaled nitric oxide
249:(a state of localized, irreversible dilatation of part of the
1841:
1763:
842:
669:
Vahlkvist S, Sinding M, Skamstrup K, Bisgaard H (June 2006).
317:
309:
1679:
629:
580:
538:
Brindicci C, Ito K, Barnes PJ, Kharitonov SA (August 2007).
537:
3190:
3117:
2691:
1579:
1530:
709:
253:) not due to cystic fibrosis, high levels have been found.
182:. Furthermore, drugs used to treat asthma (such as inhaled
1766:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
1636:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
1435:
992:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
802:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
750:
1116:
488:
1207:
710:
Obata H, Dittrick M, Chan H, Chan-Yeung M (March 1999).
304:
The most widely used technique to measure eNO is with a
1925:
273:
NO is used as a diagnostic test of the response of the
2074:
Nitroxyl anion (NO; oxonitrate(1-), hyponitrite anion)
2050:
891:
799:
445:
2565:
Methylamine hexamethylene methylamine/NO (MAHMA/NO)
1926:Alving K, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JM (October 1993).
1844:
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
1348:
989:
231:(it may even be the sole manifestation, such as in
166:). In conditions that trigger inflammation such as
1349:Hahn PY, Morgenthaler TY, Lim KG (November 2007).
1307:
1167:Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
316:reaction. The NO in the breath sample reacts with
2379:Amyl nitrite (isoamyl nitrite, isopentyl nitrite)
3344:
1265:Oh MJ, Lee JY, Lee BJ, Choi DC (November 2008).
2240:Naproxcinod (nitronaproxen; AZD-3582, HCT-3012)
1675:
1673:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1682:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
940:
675:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
2656:N-Acetyl-N-acetoxy-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide
2215:Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN; nitroglycol)
2036:
1488:
1429:
1119:"Diagnostic tests for asthma in firefighters"
394:showed that nitric oxide was the long sought
1800:
1757:
1714:
1708:
1670:
1626:
1342:
1301:
1264:
1258:
1201:
1153:
1110:
1061:
1018:
983:
836:
378:Until the 1980s, nitric oxide, a product of
1919:
1870:
1835:
1582:Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
947:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
898:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
793:
744:
703:
662:
574:
531:
482:
439:
2043:
2029:
1573:
623:
2399:Isobutyl nitrite (2-methylpropyl nitrite)
2309:Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate (GTN))
2003:
1943:
1902:
1732:
1601:
1556:
1471:
1461:
1325:
1233:
1093:
966:
917:
868:
768:
727:
686:
606:
514:
290:
98:In humans, nitric oxide is produced from
1876:
334:
294:
89:
20:
16:Breath test for respiratory inflammation
2475:S-Nitrosocysteine (SNC, CysNO, SNO-Cys)
2465:S-Nitroso-N-valerylpenicillamine (SNVP)
1524:
281:(agents that relax the blood vessels).
3345:
2460:S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)
2334:Sodium trioxodinitrate (Angeli's salt)
1806:
1164:
110:(NOS): inducible (iNOS), endothelial (
2024:
349:https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/dg12
3295:non-selective PDE inhibitors (e.g.,
2079:Nitric oxide (NO; nitrogen monoxide)
587:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
406:became clear from abundant studies.
300:gas is taken to a FeNO analyzer (3).
2319:Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN)
2205:Diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN)
1809:Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
1715:Napier E, Turner SW (August 2005).
757:The New England Journal of Medicine
428:acute respiratory distress syndrome
396:endothelium-derived relaxing factor
219:
13:
3224:Indirect/downstream NO modulators:
2992:Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)
2101:
1971:
636:The American Journal of Physiology
353:
168:upper respiratory tract infections
14:
3374:
3022:Nitroarginine methyl ester (NAME)
2485:S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, SNOG)
2455:S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC)
2329:Propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN)
2084:Nitrosonium (NO; nitrosyl cation)
1537:Environmental Health Perspectives
448:Clinical and Experimental Allergy
366:constitution (a tendency towards
1932:The European Respiratory Journal
1498:Archives of Environmental Health
1226:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2008.01273.x
716:The European Respiratory Journal
460:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02897.x
415:. In 1993, researchers from the
188:leukotriene receptor antagonists
2550:Diethylenetriamine/NO (DETA/NO)
1385:
1039:10.1152/japplphysiol.01012.2006
934:
885:
648:10.1152/ajplung.1997.273.4.L883
424:pulmonary arterial hypertension
267:pulmonary arterial hypertension
227:Since asthma can be a cause of
2750:N-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (
959:10.1002/14651858.CD011439.pub2
910:10.1002/14651858.CD011440.pub2
144:
94:Three-dimensional model of NO.
1:
3333:Receptor/signaling modulators
3002:Guanidinoethyldisulfide (GED)
2220:Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN)
2210:Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN)
1877:Koshland DE (December 1992).
1027:Journal of Applied Physiology
861:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61448-8
433:
332:to the amount of exhaled NO.
180:bronchial hyperresponsiveness
2470:S-Nitrosocaptopril (SNO-Cap)
2299:Nitroflurbiprofen (HCT-1026)
2294:Nitroatorvastatin (NCX-6560)
1945:10.1183/09031936.93.06091368
1856:10.1016/0006-291X(91)91268-H
1594:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31827767fc
1407:10.3109/1354750x.2014.937362
1179:10.1097/ACI.0b013e3282f3b4b0
1004:10.1164/ajrccm.161.3.9911005
729:10.1183/09031936.99.13348999
390:. In 1987, experiments with
7:
2945:Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)
2838:Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)
2735:Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)
2499:N-Nitroso compounds (e.g.,
2314:Nitropravastatin (NCX-6550)
2225:Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN)
269:. In the latter condition,
210:bronchial challenge testing
41:(eNO) can be measured in a
10:
3379:
3231:AT-II receptor antagonists
2976:Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG)
2813:1-Amino-2-hydroxyguanidine
2785:Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG)
2532:Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)
1879:"The molecule of the year"
1821:10.2174/138955707780619635
1778:10.1164/rccm.200609-1346OC
1694:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.03.020
1327:10.1016/j.rmed.2008.04.018
814:10.1164/rccm.200610-1427OC
688:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.03.018
373:
263:bronchopulmonary dysplasia
259:primary ciliary dyskinesia
190:) also reduce eNO levels.
83:
79:
3326:
3143:
3116:
3054:
2984:
2935:
2803:
2690:
2681:
2664:
2181:
2092:
2064:
1648:10.1164/rccm.200406-710ST
1510:10.1080/00039899909602496
149:
2710:3-Chloro-5-nitroindazole
2545:Diethylamine/NO (DEA/NO)
2517:Metal nitrosyl complexes
2445:S-Nitrosoalbumin (SNALB)
2139:Cinaciguat (BAY 58-2667)
3302:PDE9 inhibitors (e.g.,
2790:Pentamidine isethionate
2700:3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole
2587:Heterocyclic compounds:
2111:Activators/stimulators:
1996:10.1136/thx.2005.056093
1904:10.1126/science.1470903
1355:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
1086:10.1136/thorax.58.6.494
599:10.1084/jem.189.10.1621
507:10.1136/thx.2003.014894
3259:L-Type calcium channel
1463:10.1186/1476-069X-9-64
340:
301:
291:Measurement techniques
108:nitric oxide synthases
95:
51:respiratory conditions
30:
2863:Cindunistat (SD-6010)
2818:2-Ethylaminoguanidine
2575:Spermine/NO (SPER/NO)
2372:O-Nitroso compounds (
1721:Pediatric Pulmonology
1283:10.1378/chest.07-2541
1135:10.1378/chest.06-2218
556:10.1378/chest.06-3046
426:and possibly for the
338:
298:
170:or the inhalation of
93:
86:nitric oxide synthase
24:
3249:receptor antagonists
2922:Ronopterin (VAS-203)
2621:Molsidomine (SIN-10)
2542:(diazeniumdiolates):
2522:Roussin's black salt
2235:Mannitol hexanitrate
1442:Environmental Health
1314:Respiratory Medicine
770:10.1056/NEJMoa043596
417:Karolinska Institute
233:cough-variant asthma
68:produced by certain
39:exhaled nitric oxide
3363:Respiratory therapy
2616:Linsidomine (SIN-1)
2513:Nitrosyl compounds:
2480:S-Nitrosodiclofenac
2450:S-Nitrosated AR545C
2435:S-Nitroso compounds
1895:1992Sci...258.1861K
1454:2010EnvHe...9...64J
312:; this is called a
240:acute exacerbations
2527:Roussin's red salt
2384:Cyclohexyl nitrite
2275:Nipradilol (K-351)
1734:10.1002/ppul.20249
1367:10.4065/82.11.1350
341:
302:
275:pulmonary arteries
96:
64:(NO) is a gaseous
31:
3340:
3339:
3165:
3156:
3139:
3138:
3072:
3050:
3049:
2970:
2966:
2957:
2953:
2950:N-(1-Iminoethyl)-
2916:
2912:
2903:
2899:
2896:N-(1-Iminoethyl)-
2890:
2886:
2883:N-(1-Iminoethyl)-
2823:2-Iminopiperidine
2779:
2775:
2766:
2762:
2753:
2675:
2404:Isopropyl nitrite
2350:Nitroso compounds
2192:
2177:
2176:
998:(3 Pt 1): 694â9.
855:(9643): 1065â72.
392:coronary arteries
388:respiratory tract
360:parts per billion
314:chemiluminescence
306:chemical reaction
208:is comparable to
116:endothelial cells
53:characterized by
3370:
3266:dihydropyridines
3166:-arginine (NOHA)
3163:
3154:
3108:alpha aminoacids
3078:chlorogenic acid
3073:-arginine (NOHA)
3070:
2968:
2964:
2955:
2951:
2914:
2910:
2901:
2897:
2888:
2884:
2777:
2773:
2764:
2760:
2751:
2705:3-Chloroindazole
2688:
2687:
2679:
2678:
2669:
2367:
2366:
2304:Nitrofluvastatin
2288:
2287:
2230:Itramin tosilate
2186:
2099:
2098:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2007:
1966:
1965:
1947:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1736:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1605:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1560:
1549:10.1289/ehp.9386
1528:
1522:
1521:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1475:
1465:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1377:. Archived from
1346:
1340:
1339:
1329:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1293:. Archived from
1262:
1256:
1255:
1237:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1162:
1151:
1150:
1145:. Archived from
1114:
1108:
1107:
1097:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1022:
1016:
1015:
987:
981:
980:
970:
938:
932:
931:
921:
889:
883:
882:
872:
840:
834:
833:
797:
791:
790:
772:
748:
742:
741:
731:
707:
701:
700:
690:
666:
660:
659:
627:
621:
620:
610:
578:
572:
571:
566:. Archived from
535:
529:
528:
518:
486:
480:
479:
443:
404:neurotransmitter
322:nitrogen dioxide
229:chronic coughing
220:Other conditions
212:, although less
3378:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3322:
3286:PDE5 inhibitors
3248:
3212:
3199:
3135:
3112:
3046:
2980:
2931:
2799:
2725:7-Nitroindazole
2720:6-Nitroindazole
2715:5-Nitroindazole
2668:
2660:
2437:(thionitrites):
2365:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2324:Propatylnitrate
2286:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2185:
2173:
2088:
2060:
2049:
1974:
1972:Further reading
1969:
1924:
1920:
1875:
1871:
1840:
1836:
1805:
1801:
1762:
1758:
1713:
1709:
1678:
1671:
1631:
1627:
1578:
1574:
1529:
1525:
1493:
1489:
1434:
1430:
1390:
1386:
1347:
1343:
1306:
1302:
1263:
1259:
1206:
1202:
1163:
1154:
1115:
1111:
1066:
1062:
1023:
1019:
988:
984:
953:(5): CD011439.
939:
935:
904:(9): CD011440.
890:
886:
841:
837:
798:
794:
763:(21): 2163â73.
749:
745:
708:
704:
667:
663:
628:
624:
593:(10): 1621â30.
579:
575:
536:
532:
487:
483:
444:
440:
436:
400:cell signalling
376:
356:
354:Reference range
293:
222:
194:Clinical trials
184:glucocorticoids
152:
147:
88:
82:
75:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3376:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3338:
3337:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3310:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3283:
3273:
3256:
3246:
3242:
3227:ACE inhibitors
3220:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3169:
3168:
3159:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3122:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2960:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2906:
2893:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2769:
2756:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2598:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2509:
2508:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2430:-Butyl nitrite
2424:
2422:Pentyl nitrite
2419:
2417:-Butyl nitrite
2411:
2409:Methyl nitrite
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2374:alkyl nitrites
2363:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2195:
2193:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2107:
2105:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2019:
2018:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1938:(9): 1368â70.
1918:
1889:(5090): 1861.
1869:
1834:
1799:
1756:
1707:
1669:
1625:
1572:
1523:
1487:
1428:
1384:
1381:on 2007-07-01.
1361:(11): 1350â5.
1341:
1320:(10): 1452â9.
1300:
1297:on 2013-04-15.
1277:(5): 990â995.
1257:
1200:
1152:
1149:on 2013-04-14.
1109:
1060:
1033:(3): 1028â33.
1017:
982:
933:
884:
835:
792:
743:
702:
661:
622:
573:
570:on 2013-04-14.
530:
481:
437:
435:
432:
375:
372:
355:
352:
308:that produces
292:
289:
251:bronchial tree
247:bronchiectasis
221:
218:
154:Patients with
151:
148:
146:
143:
84:Main article:
81:
78:
73:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3375:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3325:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3160:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3126:Calmidazolium
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2961:
2959:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2907:
2905:
2894:
2892:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2770:
2768:
2757:
2755:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2394:Hexyl nitrite
2392:
2390:
2389:Ethyl nitrite
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2369:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1990:(9): 817â27.
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1815:(5): 539â42.
1814:
1810:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1772:(3): 238â42.
1771:
1767:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1727:(2): 97â104.
1726:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1688:(6): 1130â6.
1687:
1683:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1642:(8): 912â30.
1641:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1588:(3): 439â47.
1587:
1583:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1543:(4): 507â12.
1542:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1220:(3): 359â64.
1219:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1129:(6): 1760â7.
1128:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
978:
974:
969:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
937:
929:
925:
920:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
888:
880:
876:
871:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
839:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
796:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
747:
739:
735:
730:
725:
722:(3): 489â95.
721:
717:
713:
706:
698:
694:
689:
684:
681:(6): 1272â6.
680:
676:
672:
665:
657:
653:
649:
645:
642:(4): L883-8.
641:
637:
633:
626:
618:
614:
609:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
577:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
534:
526:
522:
517:
512:
508:
504:
501:(9): 757â60.
500:
496:
492:
485:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
454:(2): 246â59.
453:
449:
442:
438:
431:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
413:
407:
405:
402:molecule and
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:air pollution
381:
371:
369:
365:
361:
351:
350:
345:
337:
333:
331:
327:
326:excited state
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
297:
288:
285:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
236:
234:
230:
225:
217:
215:
211:
207:
202:
200:
195:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
176:plicatic acid
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
142:
138:
135:
133:
132:inflammometer
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
92:
87:
77:
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
28:
23:
19:
3358:Breath tests
3329:
3328:
3304:paraxanthine
3280:beta blocker
3223:
3172:
3150:
2954:-ornithine (
2887:-ornithine (
2632:
2611:Feprosidnine
2606:Sydnonimines
2604:
2589:
2586:
2538:
2515:
2512:
2501:nitrosamines
2498:
2433:
2427:
2414:
2371:
2348:
2198:
2165:
2144:GSK-2181236A
2110:
2052:Nitric oxide
1987:
1983:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1850:(2): 852â7.
1847:
1843:
1837:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1685:
1681:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1504:(5): 331â5.
1501:
1497:
1490:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1401:(6): 481â7.
1398:
1394:
1387:
1379:the original
1358:
1354:
1344:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1295:the original
1274:
1270:
1260:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1170:
1166:
1147:the original
1126:
1122:
1112:
1080:(6): 494â9.
1077:
1073:
1063:
1030:
1026:
1020:
995:
991:
985:
950:
946:
936:
901:
897:
887:
852:
848:
838:
808:(3): 231â7.
805:
801:
795:
760:
756:
746:
719:
715:
705:
678:
674:
664:
639:
635:
625:
590:
586:
576:
568:the original
550:(2): 581â8.
547:
543:
533:
498:
494:
484:
451:
447:
441:
421:
410:
408:
377:
357:
346:
342:
330:proportional
303:
286:
283:
279:vasodilators
270:
244:
237:
226:
223:
203:
192:
153:
139:
136:
131:
97:
62:Nitric oxide
58:inflammation
38:
32:
18:
3317:simvastatin
3151:Precursors:
3088:epicatechin
3012:Indospicine
2967:-arginine (
2913:-arginine (
2848:AR-C 102222
2776:-arginine (
2763:-arginine (
2626:Sydnonimine
2359:Nitrite (NO
2342:Trolnitrate
2338:Tenitramine
2280:Nitrate (NO
2166:Inhibitors:
2149:Praliciguat
2129:BAY 60-4552
2124:BAY 41-8543
2119:BAY 41-2272
1214:Respirology
1173:(1): 70â6.
380:fossil fuel
255:Sarcoidosis
206:specificity
160:eosinophils
145:Medical use
128:eosinophils
43:breath test
3347:Categories
3290:sildenafil
3270:nifedipine
3173:Cofactors:
3162:N-Hydroxy-
3069:N-Hydroxy-
2858:Canavanine
2853:BYK-191023
2672:inhibitors
2601:REC15/2739
2580:V-PYRRO/NO
2270:Nicorandil
2159:Vericiguat
2058:modulators
1603:1942/14628
1448:(64): 64.
1395:Biomarkers
434:References
100:L-arginine
49:and other
3330:See also:
3276:Nebivolol
3235:captopril
3157:-Arginine
3098:norvaline
3093:ornithine
3007:GW-273629
2963:N-Methyl-
2909:N-Methyl-
2900:-lysine (
2772:N-Propyl-
2759:N-Methyl-
2740:ARL-17477
2633:Unsorted:
2183:NO donors
2154:Riociguat
2134:BI-703704
2114:Ataciguat
2055:signaling
1423:207522881
1235:2297/9771
368:allergies
214:sensitive
172:allergens
162:in their
124:cytokines
102:by three
3297:caffeine
3262:blockers
3253:bosentan
3239:losartan
3056:Arginase
3042:VAS-2381
3037:ONO-1714
2985:Unsorted
2745:Indazole
2651:FR146881
2646:FR144220
2636:Cimlanod
2591:Furoxans
2570:PROLI/NO
2540:NONOates
2490:SNO-t-PA
2354:nitrites
2265:NCX-4215
2260:NCX 4040
2255:NCX-4016
2250:NCX-2216
2200:Nitrates
2189:prodrugs
2014:16936238
1829:17504190
1794:23531755
1786:17478616
1751:24859293
1743:15965893
1702:15940124
1656:15817806
1612:23073213
1567:17450216
1518:10501149
1482:20973949
1415:25019424
1375:17976354
1336:18614345
1291:18583518
1252:19895759
1244:18399857
1195:20449485
1187:18188021
1143:17400683
1104:12775859
1055:16813706
1047:17110506
1012:10712309
977:27825189
928:27580628
879:18805335
830:22186959
822:17496226
787:42351261
779:15914548
738:10232414
697:16750986
617:10330441
564:17550932
525:15333851
476:12409719
468:18076708
320:to form
66:molecule
35:medicine
3315:(e.g.,
3313:Statins
3288:(e.g.,
3264:(e.g.,
3251:(e.g.,
3233:(e.g.,
3083:ginseng
3032:NXN-462
3027:NCX-456
3017:KD-7040
2997:CKD-712
2730:A-84643
2596:Furoxan
2495:SNO-vWF
2245:NCX-466
2094:Targets
2005:2117092
1962:5947308
1954:7507065
1913:1470903
1891:Bibcode
1883:Science
1864:1721811
1664:1883790
1620:5067347
1558:1852653
1473:2984475
1450:Bibcode
1095:1746693
968:6432844
919:6457753
870:2610850
656:9357865
608:2193630
516:1747143
412:Science
386:on the
374:History
271:inhaled
199:acidity
120:neurons
106:called
104:enzymes
80:Biology
3353:Asthma
3144:Others
3103:lysine
2666:Enzyme
2641:FK-409
2555:GLO/NO
2506:SIN-1A
2012:
2002:
1984:Thorax
1960:
1952:
1911:
1862:
1827:
1792:
1784:
1749:
1741:
1700:
1662:
1654:
1618:
1610:
1565:
1555:
1516:
1480:
1470:
1421:
1413:
1373:
1334:
1289:
1250:
1242:
1193:
1185:
1141:
1102:
1092:
1074:Thorax
1053:
1045:
1010:
975:
965:
926:
916:
877:
867:
849:Lancet
828:
820:
785:
777:
736:
695:
654:
615:
605:
562:
523:
513:
495:Thorax
474:
466:
364:atopic
324:in an
265:, and
164:sputum
156:asthma
150:Asthma
55:airway
47:asthma
3176:NADPH
2971:-NMA)
2958:-NIO)
2917:-NMA)
2904:-NIL)
2891:-NIO)
2833:AEITU
2828:1400W
2780:-NPA)
2767:-NMA)
2754:-NIO)
2440:LA810
2066:Forms
1958:S2CID
1790:S2CID
1747:S2CID
1660:S2CID
1616:S2CID
1419:S2CID
1271:Chest
1248:S2CID
1191:S2CID
1123:Chest
1051:S2CID
826:S2CID
783:S2CID
544:Chest
472:S2CID
318:ozone
310:light
3191:Heme
3118:CAMK
2937:eNOS
2927:TRIM
2878:MITU
2873:IPTU
2868:EITU
2805:iNOS
2795:TRIM
2692:nNOS
2560:JS-K
2428:tert
2010:PMID
1950:PMID
1909:PMID
1860:PMID
1825:PMID
1782:PMID
1739:PMID
1698:PMID
1652:PMID
1608:PMID
1563:PMID
1514:PMID
1478:PMID
1411:PMID
1371:PMID
1332:PMID
1287:PMID
1240:PMID
1183:PMID
1139:PMID
1100:PMID
1043:PMID
1008:PMID
973:PMID
924:PMID
902:2016
875:PMID
818:PMID
775:PMID
734:PMID
693:PMID
652:PMID
613:PMID
560:PMID
521:PMID
464:PMID
118:and
112:eNOS
70:cell
45:for
3204:CaM
3186:FMN
3181:FAD
3131:W-7
3064:ABH
2843:AMT
2683:NOS
2169:ODQ
2103:sGC
2000:PMC
1992:doi
1940:doi
1899:doi
1887:258
1852:doi
1848:181
1817:doi
1774:doi
1770:176
1729:doi
1690:doi
1686:115
1644:doi
1640:171
1598:hdl
1590:doi
1553:PMC
1545:doi
1541:115
1506:doi
1468:PMC
1458:doi
1403:doi
1363:doi
1322:doi
1318:102
1279:doi
1275:134
1230:hdl
1222:doi
1175:doi
1131:doi
1127:131
1090:PMC
1082:doi
1035:doi
1031:102
1000:doi
996:161
963:PMC
955:doi
914:PMC
906:doi
865:PMC
857:doi
853:372
810:doi
806:176
765:doi
761:352
724:doi
683:doi
679:117
644:doi
640:273
603:PMC
595:doi
591:189
552:doi
548:132
511:PMC
503:doi
456:doi
277:to
186:or
174:or
33:In
3349::
3268::
3245:ET
3237:,
3217:Ca
3196:BH
2603:;
2503:):
2497:;
2432:;
2376:):
2370:;
2008:.
1998:.
1988:61
1986:.
1982:.
1956:.
1948:.
1934:.
1930:.
1907:.
1897:.
1885:.
1881:.
1858:.
1846:.
1823:.
1811:.
1788:.
1780:.
1768:.
1745:.
1737:.
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1723:.
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1650:.
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1551:.
1539:.
1535:.
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1502:54
1500:.
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1409:.
1399:19
1397:.
1369:.
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3229:/
3211:2
3209:O
3198:4
3164:L
3155:L
3071:L
2969:L
2965:L
2956:L
2952:L
2915:L
2911:L
2902:L
2898:L
2889:L
2885:L
2778:L
2774:L
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1936:6
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1197:.
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