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between tasks, meant a task could hinder the system from operating preemptively. As tasks would need to choose not to stop the preemptive mechanism this would reduce to a kind of inverted cooperative system. This kind of conflation between protection and scheduler policy is nonstandard.
554:
in this regard, is light years ahead. ... due to lack of memory protection. Any program can take possession of the machine completely and thus prevent multitasking. Multitasking in Amiga is co-operative because it requires approval and help from running applications
322:. By contrast, exec function calls are made with the library jump table, and the kernel code normally executes in user mode. Whenever supervisor mode is needed, either by the kernel or user programs, the library functions
349:, causing the environment to run as one task. Multitasking could also be disabled by programs which, by software bug or intent, modify Exec's data structures or the code stored in
360:
Even with such limits, Exec satisfies the definition of preemptive scheduling algorithm, using a preemptive scheduling routine and basing its interrupt intervals on a clock.
278:. Since the Amiga has only one address space, Exec message passing is quite efficient. The only fixed memory address in the Amiga software (address 4) is a pointer to
444:
Holloway, Tim (January 1991). "The Object-Oriented Amiga Exec: The design of the Amiga operating-system kernel follows the rules of object-oriented programming".
370:
once described the Amiga design as cooperative, even though it uses a preemptive scheduling policy. The reason for that, he argued, was because the lack of
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One limit of the Exec kernel was that an uncooperative program could disable multitasking for a long time, or indefinitely, by invoking Exec's calls
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from Thomas
Frieden and Hans-Jörg Frieden. It exposes the same functions and structures as the Amiga Exec kernel but runs on
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The Amiga is "pseudo-pre-emptive" multitasking, which Amiga people call pre-emptive, but it really is not.
274:. Other comparable microkernels have had performance problems because of the need to copy messages between
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instructions to invoke kernel functions. This made the kernel functions run in the 68000's
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for tasks running on the system, providing pre-emptive multitasking with prioritized
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in as little as 256 KB of memory (as supplied with the first
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526:[Again, a great new invention from M$ ] (in Finnish).
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processors only. The ultimate origin of ExecSG is unspecified.
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Operating
Systems - Internals and Design Principles
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91:4.1 Final Edition Update 2 / 12 January 2021
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568:"Justia: Hyperion Entertainment vs. Amiga Inc"
318:, while user software ran in the unprivileged
2124:Category: Microkernel-based operating systems
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236:). Exec provided functions for multitasking,
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341:, with no later invocation of corresponding
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524:"Jalleen mahtava uusi keksinto m$ oftilta"
429:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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386:(Second Generation) is the kernel used by
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497:(6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ:
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262:. Exec also provides access to other
522:Torvalds, Linus (October 17, 1996).
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417:Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual
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353:(RAM), possibly due to lack of
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390:. This kernel was licensed by
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454:. pp. 329–332, 234.
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2134:Category: Microkernels
392:Hyperion Entertainment
355:memory management unit
260:round-robin scheduling
172:Command-line interface
73:; 39 years ago
499:Pearson Prentice Hall
144:Motorola 68000 series
93:; 3 years ago
2113:Open-source software
1620:Java virtual machine
351:random-access memory
294:Unlike newer modern
2072:Andrew S. Tanenbaum
24:
240:, and handling of
218:. It is a 13
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2042:Per Brinch Hansen
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889:Amiga Reflections
474:"Carl Sassenrath"
296:operating systems
238:memory management
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71:23 July 1985
16:Kernel of AmigaOS
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266:and high-level
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1554:HarmonyOS NEXT
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1638:^ integrates
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117:Available in
58:Source model
2022:Gordon Bell
1912:OpenComRTOS
1809:Singularity
1635:Chorus/Jazz
1558:OpenHarmony
1037:nanokernels
832:OS versions
452:McGraw-Hill
234:Amiga 1000s
226:microkernel
184:Proprietary
158:Microkernel
131:source code
2161:Amiga APIs
2150:Categories
2014:Developers
1981:Frameworks
1918:Phantom OS
1882:ChibiOS/RT
1240:µ-velOSity
1234:MicroEmpix
950:Influenced
664:AmigaGuide
654:AmigaBASIC
601:Amiga Exec
479:2022-05-23
402:References
372:protection
366:developer
330:are used.
302:, such as
242:interrupts
98:2021-01-12
78:1985-07-23
2105:Real-time
2062:Ike Nassi
2037:Dan Dodge
1801:Microsoft
1671:Unix-like
1661:Macintosh
1569:HarmonyOS
1456:Integrity
1355:Minix-vmd
1315:Unix-like
1294:Operating
1092:Macintosh
904:Hollywood
844:AmigaOS 4
767:Workbench
713:Kickstart
708:Intuition
703:Installer
528:Newsgroup
460:0360-5280
425:cite book
388:AmigaOS 4
339:Disable()
320:user mode
304:Atari TOS
264:libraries
256:scheduler
137:Platforms
40:OS family
29:Developer
1888:FreeRTOS
1845:Taligent
1777:Broadway
1771:AspireOS
1641:ChorusOS
1562:Oniro OS
1449:ChorusOS
1329:GNU Hurd
1283:Vanguard
1225:GNU Mach
1109:NuKernel
993:Category
982:Syllable
939:AmiZilla
876:software
788:CrossDOS
757:ReAction
718:RAM disk
659:AmigaDOS
347:Enable()
343:Permit()
335:Forbid()
197:.amigaos
2095:Italics
2004:TI-RTOS
1952:Harmony
1931:SharpOS
1925:RC 4000
1894:HelenOS
1814:ThreadX
1791:MorphOS
1760:AmigaOS
1739:Symbian
1716:kernel)
1714:PowerPC
1702:Copland
1687:MacMach
1680:MachTen
1441:Partial
1387:Unix-RT
1370:MkLinux
1361:Minix 3
1307:support
1296:systems
1270:RTLinux
1264:PowerUP
1247:nucleus
1045:Kernels
977:MorphOS
924:WHDLoad
742:Ambient
637:AmigaOS
536:Usenet:
530::
419:. Exec.
396:PowerPC
246:dynamic
216:AmigaOS
210:is the
179:License
165:Default
121:English
110:AmigaOS
96: (
76: (
53:Current
44:AmigaOS
1998:Genode
1992:Cosmos
1970:Zephyr
1875:BeRTOS
1867:Amoeba
1663:hosted
1629:JavaOS
1609:Wombat
1602:REX OS
1595:PikeOS
1589:LLinux
1582:kernel
1540:Midori
1521:CapROS
1510:KeyKOS
1504:GNOSIS
1425:UNICOS
1413:Spring
1394:OS2000
1343:MeikOS
1176:WarpOS
1163:ExecSG
1094:hosted
1056:family
962:AtheOS
929:WinUAE
884:Aminet
874:Other
865:AmiKit
762:Scalos
732:Amiga
688:WarpOS
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384:ExecSG
379:ExecSG
212:kernel
152:Kernel
1946:Thoth
1900:µC/OS
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1753:-type
1751:Amiga
1725:Psion
1547:NLTSS
1527:Hydra
1468:NuttX
1419:Tinix
1406:Redox
1349:Minix
1336:Lites
1305:POSIX
1191:ADEOS
1170:Quark
1149:-type
1147:Amiga
1120:Psion
1064:Eumel
899:Games
894:Demos
669:ARexx
645:Amiga
552:WinNT
310:used
308:SunOS
141:Amiga
2111:° =
2103:^ =
1985:kits
1964:VRTX
1955:^ →
1949:^ →
1938:SPIN
1840:Pink
1765:AROS
1733:EPOC
1533:seL4
1516:EROS
1480:RIOT
1432:VSTa
1383:MERT
1257:Opus
1218:Mach
1199:EROS
1157:Exec
1135:EKA2
1129:EKA1
1081:OKL4
967:BeOS
957:AROS
823:NTFS
772:Zune
734:GUIs
698:Hunk
684:Exec
679:CAMD
546:2011
503:ISBN
456:ISSN
447:Byte
431:link
312:trap
306:and
290:Exec
270:via
244:and
208:Exec
199:.net
154:type
23:Exec
1906:MQX
1474:OSE
1400:QNX
1381:^ (
1323:ARX
1207:K42
934:YAM
919:LHA
914:IFF
909:ADF
818:FAT
813:UDF
808:SFS
803:PFS
798:FFS
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747:MUI
723:XAD
345:or
337:or
326:or
214:of
195:www
2152::
2006:^°
1983:,
1972:^°
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