Theistic evolution

1218:

of the day" as "incidental vessels" to convey spiritual truths. Lamoureux rewrote his article as a 2009 journal paper, incorporating excerpts from his books, in which he noted the similarities of his views to theistic evolution, but objected to that term as making evolution the focus rather than creation. He also distanced his beliefs from the deistic or more liberal beliefs included in theistic evolution. He also argued that although referring to the same view, the word arrangement in the term "theistic evolution" places "the process of evolution as the primary term, and makes the Creator secondary as merely a qualifying adjective".

1349:

changed, Genera of natural classes have arisen as many in number as the different parents, and since this is not carried further, we regard this also as having been done by His Omnipotent hand directly in the beginning; thus all Genera were primeval and constituted a single Species. That as many Genera having arisen as there were individuals in the beginning, these plants in course of time became fertilised by others of different sort and thus arose Species until so many were produced as now exist ... these Species were sometimes fertilised out of congeners, that is other Species of the same Genus, whence have arisen Varieties.

1590:

Nevertheless all living things have much in common, in their chemical composition, their germinal vesicles, their cellular structure, and their laws of growth and reproduction. We see this even in so trifling a circumstance as that the same poison often similarly affects plants and animals; or that the poison secreted by the gall-fly produces monstrous growths on the wild rose or oak-tree. I should infer from analogy that probably all the organic beings which have ever lived on this earth have descended from some one primordial form, into which life was first breathed by the

3754:

development of the world and human beings is dispensed with altogether. The English philosopher Antony Flew was unfortunately right when he stated that through this constantly repeated strategy of protection and withdrawal with which we are familiar (and which for long decades kept young Catholics especially from the study of biology 'which endangers the faith'), the hypothesis of God was being 'killed by inches, the death of a thousand qualifications.' Is such an attitude credible belief in God? It isn't surprising that it is increasingly being put in question.

667: 1944: 2046:

Adam is a miracle since the Quran directly states it to be, but it does not assert there being no humans who could have existed at the time of Adam's appearance on earth and who could have come about as a result of evolution. This viewpoint stands in contrast to creationism and human exceptionalism, ultimately declaring that evolution could be viewed without conflict with Islam and that Muslims could either accept or reject "human evolution on its scientific merits without reference to the story of Adam".

47: 2110:(27%) believe in human evolution. Most other Muslim countries have statistics in between. Although it is to be noted that belief in (theistic) evolution is increasing in a lot of Muslim countries and societies. The younger generations have a higher rate of acceptance. Countries more developed or developing faster also have higher rates of acceptance. Muslim societies in non-Muslim countries (such as in the West) are inconsistent and can be high or low depending on the specific countries. 6062: 602: 1323:, but only under certain limits fixed by God. Linnaeus had initially embraced the Aristotelian idea of immutability of species (the idea that species never change), but later in his life he started to challenge it. Yet, as a Christian, he still defended "special creation", the belief that God created "every living creature" at the beginning, as read in Genesis, with the peculiarity a set of original species of which all the present species have descended. 2026:. This belief is considered to be the most viable because it synthesizes the miraculous creation of Adam and Eve and agrees with Muslim theology. At the same time, it is considered as compatible with evolutionary science—any questions regarding Adam and his miraculous creation, the lineage that leads to him, or whether this lineage mated with other "human-like" beings are irrelevant to science and are not obstacles to any established scientific theories. 6072: 1364: 3508: 589: 6186: 3389:

reproduction. We see this even in so trifling a circumstance as that the same poison often similarly affects plants and animals; or that the poison secreted by the gall-fly produces monstrous growths on the wild rose or oak-tree. Therefore I should infer that probably all organic beings which have ever lived on this earth have descended from some one primordial form, into which life was first breathed by the Creator.

1637:" (1862) in which he rejected many Darwinian ideas, such as those concerning vestigial organs or questioning God's perfection in his work. Brewster concluded that Darwin's book contained both "much valuable knowledge and much wild speculation", although accepting that "every part of the human frame had been fashioned by the Divine hand and exhibited the most marvellous and beneficent adaptions for the use of men". 2930:

will and grace of the Creator. The qualifying word in this category is the adjective "evolutionary", indicating simply the method through which the Lord made the cosmos and living organisms. This view of origins is often referred to as "theistic evolution". However, such a word arrangement places the process of evolution as the primary term, and makes the Creator secondary as merely a qualifying adjective.

1331:

until from them originated those plants which today exist as genera. Nature then mixed up these plant genera among themselves through generations -of double origin (hybrids) and multiplied them into existing species, as many as possible (whereby the flower structures were not changed) excluding from the number of species the almost sterile hybrids, which are produced by the same mode of origin.

2094:" and lack of understanding about views such as human exceptionalism and Adamic exceptionalism. A lot of people suggest that it also has a lot to do with lack of proper scientific facilities and development in a lot (but not all) Muslim countries, particularly where there exists a lot of conflict and political tension. Regardless, a large majority of Muslims accept evolution in 1403:" to refer to species which have experienced biological changes through hybridization, although they both were inclined to believe that hybrids would revert to the parental forms by a general law of reversion, and therefore, would not be responsible for the introduction of new species. Later, in a number of experiments carried out between 1856 and 1863, the Augustinian friar 1136:'s creation (Non-exceptionalism). Some Muslims believe that only Adam and Hawa (Eve) were special creations and they alongside their earliest descendants were exceptions to common ancestry, but the later descendants (including modern humans) share common ancestry with the rest of life on Earth because there were 1697:

struggled with "distress and doubt" following the death of his daughter in 1861, before enthusiastically saying in the late 1870s there was "not a single philosophical question connected with our highest and dearest religious and spiritual interests that is fundamentally affected, or even put in any

1330:

Let us suppose that the Divine Being in the beginning progressed from the simpler to the complex; from few to many; similarly that He in the beginning of the plant kingdom created as many plants as there were natural orders. These plant orders He Himself, there from producing, mixed among themselves

1217:

published a 2003 article and a 2008 theological book, both aimed at Christians who do not believe in evolution (including young Earth creationists), and at those looking to reconcile their Christian faith with evolutionary science. His main argument was that Genesis presents the "science and history

2929:

The most important word in the term evolutionary creation is the noun "creation". These Christian evolutionists are first and foremost thoroughly committed and unapologetic creationists. They believe that the world is a creation that is absolutely dependent for every instant of its existence on the

1624:

apparently dismissed the book as "the law of higgledy-pigglety", and in 1861 Herschel wrote of evolution that "n intelligence, guided by a purpose, must be continually in action to bias the direction of the steps of change—to regulate their amount—to limit their divergence—and to continue them in a

1348:

We imagine that the Creator at the actual time of creation made only one single species for each natural order of plants, this species being different in habit and fructification from all the rest. That he made these mutually fertile, whence out of their progeny, fructification having been somewhat

1209:

that it is a type of evolution rather than creationism, despite its name. "From a scientific point of view, evolutionary creationism is hardly distinguishable from Theistic Evolution ... lie not in science but in theology." Those who hold to evolutionary creationism argue that God is involved to a

2045:

which insinuates that it is possible for humans to exist or not exist before the appearance of Adam on earth with either belief being possible due to the Quran, and that it is possible that an intermingling of Adam's descendants and other humans may or may not have occurred. Thus, the existence of

1640:

In the 1860s theistic evolutionism became a popular compromise in science and gained widespread support from the general public. Between 1866 and 1868 Owen published a theory of derivation, proposing that species had an innate tendency to change in ways that resulted in variety and beauty showing

1038:

describes theistic evolution as the position that "evolution is real, but that it was set in motion by God", and characterizes it as accepting "that evolution occurred as biologists describe it, but under the direction of God". He lists six general premises on which different versions of theistic

1812:, and subsequent evolution of pre-human life forms may not cause any difficulty but the need to reconcile religious and scientific views of hominization and to account for the addition of a soul to humans remains a problem. Theistic evolution typically postulates a point at which a population of 3014:

The theory of evolution only makes sense in the light of creation, for creation is a force that drives all of temporal history The short summary often is: God creates through evolution.Thus I see "Creation through evolution" as a groundless statement. First of all, it contradicts the Biblical

1271:. He stated that faith and science are compatible and suggested the word "BioLogos" (Word of Life) to describe theistic evolution. Collins later laid out the idea that God created all things, but that evolution is the best scientific explanation for the diversity of all life on Earth. The name 3106:. Glass (1959b, p. 151) summarizes his mature views this way: 'In the end he believed in the evolution of the smaller systematic categories, of the species as he knew species, and maybe of the genera. But the original Creation was still that of a multitude of forms, distinct then and forever.' 1480:) set out goal-centred progressive development as the Creator's divine plan, programmed to unfold without direct intervention or miracles. The book became a best-seller and popularised the idea of transmutation in a designed "law of progression". The scientific establishment strongly attacked 1589:

I believe that animals have descended from at most only four or five progenitors, and plants from an equal or lesser number. Analogy would lead me one step further, namely, to the belief that all animals and plants have descended from some one prototype. But analogy may be a deceitful guide.

3753:

Meanwhile, theology had withdrawn from asserting the direct creation of the whole world by God: first to the direct creation of the human body (not from the animal world); then to that of the human soul (in contrast to the human body). Finally – it seems today – a direct intervention in the

3388:

Page 420, fifteen lines from top, after 'deceitful guide,' omit whole remainder of paragraph, and insert, instead, as follows: Nevertheless, all living things have much in common; in their chemical composition, their germinal vesicles, their cellular structure, and their laws of growth and

1714:

by turning to Asa Gray's belief that God had set the rules at the start and only intervened on rare occasions, as a way to harmonise evolution with theology. The idea of evolution did not seriously shake Wright's faith, but he later suffered a crisis when confronted with

3102:(1756), Linnaeus had argued that the genera were the original units of creation and that the species within them had originated by subsequent hybridization. In 1766, he dropped his famous maxim about the permanance of species from the final edition of the 2290:. They consider that it undermines central biblical teachings by regarding the creation account as a myth, a parable, or an allegory, instead of treating it as an accurate record of historical events. They also fear that a capitulation to what they call " 2285:

prefer to criticize theistic evolution on theological grounds rather than on any scientific data, finding it hard to reconcile the nature of a loving God with the process of evolution, in particular, the existence of death and suffering before the

2049:"Human exceptionalism" is theologically compatible, but has some issues with science due to the rejection of common ancestry of modern humans. "Non-exceptionalism" is scientifically compatible, but it's theological validity is a matter of debate. 1512:

said that in "continuous operation of Creative power" through geological time, new species of animals appeared in a "successive and continuous fashion" through birth from their antecedents by a Creative law rather than through slow transmutation.

1903:. More specifically, it rejects the idea that modern humans share common ancestry with other life-forms on Earth. It may still accept that humans evolved over time after Adam's creation and that various species of humans evolved over time. 1676:, be it true or not; it may simply be suggesting a larger idea of Divine Prescience and Skill ... and I do not that 'the accidental evolution of organic beings' is inconsistent with divine design—It is accidental to us, not to God." 1499:

of 1849 suggested that divine laws could have controlled the development of life, but he did not expand this idea after objections from his conservative patrons. Others supported the idea of development by law, including the botanist

2041:, Jalajel believes that Adam's creation does not necessarily signal the beginning of humanity as the Quran makes no declaration as to whether or not human beings were on Earth before Adam had descended. As a result, Jalajel invokes 1693:. Critics promptly complained that this "degrading" image "tears the crown from our heads", but there is little evidence that it led to loss of faith. Among the few who did record the impact of Darwin's writings, the naturalist 1959:

as the first humans, and that the rest of humanity descends from them. At the same time, this view asserts that modern humans emerged through evolution and that modern humans have a lineage leading up to the origin of life

1744:, and despite the Catholic Church having no official position, it does support belief in it. Studies show that acceptance of evolution is lower in the United States than in Europe or Japan; among 34 countries sampled, only 1077:

Despite all these, humans are unique. The concern for the Moral Law (the knowledge of right and wrong) and the continuous search for God among all human cultures defy evolutionary explanations and point to our spiritual

1387:

Jens Christian Clausen (1967), refers to Linnaeus' theory as a "forgotten evolutionary theory antedates Darwin's by nearly 100 years", and reports that he was a pioneer in doing experiments about hybridization.

3710:

The six leading examples are the subject of Artigas's book. Each of these has a chapter in Artigas: Léroy, Zahm, Bonomelli, Mivart, the English Bishop John Hedley, and Raffaello Caverni. All are also covered by

1407:(1822–1884), aligning himself with the "new doctrine of special creation" proposed by Linnaeus, concluded that new species of plants could indeed arise, although limitedly and retaining their own stability. 1308:, had wondered "why such different species should not only mingle together, but also generate an animal, and yet that that hybridous production should not again generate, and so a new race be carried on". 1928:

beings already existed on Earth before their arrival. Thus, it accepts the belief that modern humans share common ancestry with other life-forms on Earth, and that our lineage can be traced back to the

1470:(1807–1873), a persistent opponent of transmutation, saw mankind as the goal of a sequence of creations, but his concepts were the first to be adapted into a scheme of theistic evolutionism, when in 1951:

Adamic exceptionalism is the current leading view, as it is considered to be compatible with both science and Islamic theology. Adamic exceptionalism asserts that Adam and Eve were created by

1625:

definite course". He added "On the other hand, we do not mean to deny that such intelligence may act according to law (that is to say, on a preconceived and definite plan)". The scientist Sir

1495:

he adapted idealist philosophy to reconcile natural theology with development, unifying nature as divergence from an underlying form in a process demonstrating design. His conclusion to his

1816:

who had (or may have) evolved by a process of natural evolution acquired souls and thus (with their descendants) became fully human in theological terms. This group might be restricted to

1275:

instead became the name of the organization Collins founded years later. This organization now prefers the term "evolutionary creation" to describe their take on theistic evolution.

1201:

Others see "evolutionary creation" (EC, also referred to by some observers as "evolutionary creationism") as the belief that God, as Creator, uses evolution to bring about his plan.

1661:

as design generated by the Creator's laws of nature for the delight of humans. Argyll attempted to reconcile evolution with design by suggesting that the laws of variation prepared

1027:; they hold that religious beliefs and scientific theories do not need to contradict each other. Diversity exists regarding how the two concepts of faith and science fit together. 2018:

description for it. Adam is still considered to be the first human from a theological perspective. Adamic exceptionalism also asserts that the early descendants of Adam mated or

1604:

Within a decade most scientists had started espousing evolution, but from the outset some expressed opposition to the concept of natural selection and searched for a more

3766: 2014:

beings do not fit the theological description of "humans". From a theological perspective, they're not true humans, but they are biologically human, since they fit the

4022: 1289:

Historians of science (and authors of pre-evolutionary ideas) have pointed out that scientists had considered the concept of biological change well before Darwin.

2124: 5794: 2972: 318: 4131: 1698:

new light, by the theory of evolution", and in the late 1880s embracing the view that "evolution is entirely consistent with a rational theism". Similarly,

2090:

The theory of evolution is controversial in plenty of contemporary Muslim societies due to negative social views and misconceptions such as "the theory is

1680: 1851:, but tended to come under attack from both the theological and biological camps. and 20th-century thinking tended to avoid proposing precise mechanisms. 1484:

at the time, but later more sophisticated theistic evolutionists followed the same approach of looking for patterns of development as evidence of design.

4722: 1441:, scientists were looking for creation by laws rather than by miraculous interventions. In continental Europe, the idealism of philosophers including 1574:(1848–1890) also accepted the theory of natural selection, incorporating it into his Christian beliefs as merely the way God worked. Darwin's friend 816: 3900: 2595: 1645:(1827–1900) insisted that natural selection could not explain patterns and variation, which they saw as resulting from divine purpose. In 1867 the 1371:

and paleontology were still connected to Old Earth creationism. The above depicts a brutal world of deep time, existing before Adam and Eve, from

6108: 3511: 2085: 1824:, although versions of the theory allow for larger populations. The point at which such an event occurred should essentially be the same as in 1284: 633: 1094:

view that God creates through evolution. It covers a wide range of beliefs about the extent of any intervention by God, with some approaching

985:, but includes a range of views about how science relates to religious beliefs and the extent to which God intervenes. It rejects the strict 937: 5543: 4843: 2461: 1685:, concluding that humans "descended from a hairy quadruped, furnished with a tail and pointed ears", which would be classified amongst the 1508:(1796–1860), who wrote in 1855 that such laws better illustrated the powers of the Creator. In 1858 Owen in his speech as President of the 1491:(1804–1892), a prominent figure in the Victorian era scientific establishment, opposed transmutation throughout his life. When formulating 241: 4719:

Surveys critical problems in Darwinist explanations and common theistic views; explores ancient and modern "excluded middle" alternatives

1728: 1472: 1437:

envisaged continuing extinctions, leaving unanswered the problem of providing replacements. As seen in correspondence between Lyell and

4692: 4298:, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Mar., 2001), pp. 81–95, Cambridge University Press on behalf of The British Society for the History of Science, 2165:

stated that the theory failed as an explanation in the minds of biologists from the late 19th century onwards as it broke the rules of

2029:

David Solomon Jalajel, an Islamic author, proclaims an Adamic exceptionalism view of evolution which encourages the theological use of

821: 806: 552: 1778:. The process and means by which hominization occurs is a key problem in theistic evolutionary thought. This is noticeable more so in 4156: 1752: 1024: 6047: 5502: 2153:) by specifying the laws that govern it, and leaves species to evolve according to the conditions they experience as time goes by. 360: 17: 2639: 1189:(1881–1955) was an influential proponent of God-directed evolution or "orthogenesis", in which man will eventually evolve to the " 6582: 1630: 1417:

disrupted static views of nature in the early 19th century, confirming geology as showing a historical sequence of life. British

3199: 1689:

along with monkeys, and in turn descended "through a long line of diversified forms" going back to something like the larvae of

6567: 4853: 3495: 1634: 752: 66: 5810: 5570: 4657: 4610: 4428: 4404: 4356: 4335: 4285: 4259: 4117: 3852: 2890: 2858: 2778: 2622: 2402: 1477: 1083: 547: 1429:

to show earlier organisms being replaced in a series of creations by new organisms better adapted to a changed environment.

5167: 3401: 3282: 494: 4695:

by Michael D. Guinan, O.F.M.; critical assessment of creationism and intelligent design from a Roman Catholic perspective.

6207: 6101: 5893: 4813: 2154: 1646: 4179: 3637:(Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism) teach that all biological organisms have souls which pass from one life to another in the 5555: 5215: 4747: 4577: 4208: 4168: 3526: 1020:

Supporters of theistic evolution generally attempt to harmonize evolutionary thought with belief in God and reject the

977:, positing that the concept of God and religious beliefs are compatible with the findings of modern science, including 626: 355: 186: 3673:, pp. 271–272. Note that "special creation of man" in Catholic references is a far more restricted concept than " 4680: 4649: 4634:, Vol. 21, No. 3 (Jul., 1959), pp. 566–584, Cambridge University Press for the University of Notre Dame du lac, 4602: 4556: 4540: 4524: 4508: 4492: 4380: 4327: 4237: 4141: 3802: 3740: 3645: 3091: 2723: 2567: 1524: 1110: 1090:, has used the term to refer to the part of the overall spectrum of beliefs about creation and evolution holding the 930: 886: 5622: 2407: 2060:, etc. Proponents of Adamic-exceptionalism include David Solomon Jalajel. Proponents of non-exceptionalism include: 6281: 5627: 5225: 1140:

beings on Earth before Adam's arrival who came through evolution. This belief is known as "Adamic exceptionalism".

88: 6577: 6572: 5872: 5862: 5786: 5061: 4187: 2320: 2023: 1221:

Divine intervention is seen at critical intervals in history in a way consistent with scientific explanations of

345: 313: 3998: 2537:, New Series, Vol. 87, No. 1 (Mar., 1985), p. 149, Wiley on behalf of the American Anthropological Association, 6587: 6094: 6000: 5867: 5647: 5391: 5189: 5093: 4982: 4569: 567: 350: 3797:. 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN: Routledge: Taylor and Francis group. pp. 128–130. 1247: 6065: 5652: 5396: 5135: 2133:

used the name "theistic evolution" in a now-obsolete sense for his point of view, presented in his 1876 book

1293: 619: 606: 5597: 4739: 3873:

This is completely plausible from a theological perspective and unfalsifiable from a scientific perspective.

1392: 6005: 5507: 3818: 3086:. Center for Origins Research Issues in Creation. Vol. 5. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock. p. 16. 1505: 1258: 923: 791: 537: 3544:

Miller, J. D.; Scott, E. C.; Okamoto, S. (2006). "Science Communication: Public Acceptance of Evolution".

1396: 1151:

have listed different terms which were used to describe different positions from the 1890s to the 1920s: "

6075: 5669: 3378:. Landmarks of science (5 ed.). New York: D. Appleton and Company (published 1860). pp. 431–432 1843:

Several 19th-century theologians and evolutionists attempted specific solutions, including the Catholics

1509: 857: 593: 4502:

Thank God for Evolution: How the Marriage of Science and Religion Will Transform Your Life and Our World

2599: 1399:(1733–1806) denied the immutability of species, which the Bible never teaches. Kölreuter used the term " 5771: 4945: 2303: 1966: 1860: 1782:, which often have held as a core belief that the souls of animals and humans differ in some capacity. 1372: 1186: 896: 747: 93: 4728: 3047: 2037:

is to make no argument for or against a matter to which scripture possesses no declarations for. With

6289: 6261: 5565: 5362: 5172: 4940: 4833: 4686: 4672: 3629:) to all organisms but taught that only human souls are immortal. See: Peter Eardley and Carl Still, 2913: 2166: 1848: 1642: 1177: 906: 901: 459: 434: 414: 394: 71: 5694: 2689: 1433:(1797–1875) also saw adaptation to changing environments as a sign of a benevolent Creator, but his 1250:

have, while accepting both theistic creation and evolution, rejected the term "theistic evolution".

6334: 5988: 5852: 5824: 5799: 5756: 5659: 5592: 5467: 5340: 5308: 5281: 5271: 4716: 4088: 3726: 3177: 3034: 2142: 1737:: "In one form or another, Theistic Evolutionism is the view of creation taught at the majority of 1535: 1456: 1400: 891: 449: 444: 419: 374: 340: 334: 323: 5472: 4660: 2022:

with these "human-like beings", yielding one lineage that leads to Adam and another that leads to

6232: 6153: 5993: 5923: 5832: 5560: 5442: 5210: 4806: 4743: 4108: 3638: 2325: 2295: 2278: 1787: 1760: 1699: 1563:, as it did not entail inevitable progress and humanity could be seen as a fallen race requiring 1463: 1237: 1226: 713: 690: 562: 469: 464: 409: 370: 171: 4733: 2885: 2806: 1555:, promoted a theology of creation as an indirect process controlled by divine laws. Some strict 1143:

When evolutionary science developed, so did different types of theistic evolution. Creationists

1102:, while others believe that God has directly intervened at crucial points such as the origin of 6271: 6032: 5681: 5550: 5512: 5413: 5384: 5357: 5352: 4950: 3200:"An Analysis of the Work of Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter and its Relation to Gregor Mendel's Work" 1805: 881: 674: 474: 429: 251: 146: 5538: 4614: 4418: 4047: 2739: 1832:, but theological discussion of the matter tends to concentrate on the theoretical. The term " 1616:

in an anonymous review while praising "Professor Owen" for "the establishment of the axiom of

681: 6175: 6117: 5973: 5847: 5766: 5761: 5746: 5731: 5721: 5637: 5612: 5447: 5403: 5367: 5335: 5276: 5254: 5235: 5098: 5051: 5002: 4997: 4955: 4318: 2980: 2848: 2357: 1380: 826: 698: 572: 454: 399: 365: 278: 4704: 4274: 4227: 3924: 3473: 3224: 6266: 5947: 5842: 5776: 5577: 5492: 5408: 5320: 5303: 5230: 5220: 4930: 4838: 4822: 3961: 2559: 2498: 2367: 2362: 2212:

considers theistic evolution a "superfluous attempt" to "smuggle God in by the back door".

1992: 1833: 1716: 1540: 666: 650: 424: 196: 81: 38: 5582: 5452: 1344:

Linnaeus attributed the active process of biological change to God himself, as he stated:

8: 6379: 6319: 6131: 6010: 5968: 5918: 5837: 5685: 5677: 5607: 5587: 5533: 5377: 5130: 5073: 4935: 4918: 4896: 4769: 4252:

The Eclipse of Darwinism: anti-Darwinian evolutionary theories in the decades around 1900

2372: 2330: 2239: 2010:

beings on Earth through evolution before Adam was brought into the world; however, these

1844: 1779: 1738: 1267: 1055: 1048: 1002: 974: 852: 762: 703: 514: 504: 439: 404: 288: 191: 116: 51: 5288: 4785: 4063: 3965: 2502: 6546: 6541: 6515: 6435: 6419: 6414: 6324: 6237: 5983: 5928: 5525: 5437: 5298: 5259: 5083: 5027: 5017: 4977: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4799: 4458: 3812: 3604: 3569: 3302: 3167:

Jens Christian Clausen (1967), "Stages in the Evolution of Plant Species", Harper, p. 5

3064: 2997: 2829: 2267: 2259: 2221: 1919: 1871: 1492: 1319:(1735), a book in which he considered that new varieties of plants could arise through 1169: 1118: 1010: 994: 796: 732: 489: 273: 201: 166: 4534:

Finding Darwin's God: A Scientist's Search for Common Ground Between God and Evolution

3669:, see Rahner, section "Hominization" by Karl Rahner in entry on "Evolution", 484–485; 1543:

accepted evolution provided they could reconcile it with divine design. The clergymen

6485: 6470: 6364: 6329: 6163: 6071: 6025: 5751: 5699: 5477: 5293: 5194: 5157: 5152: 5108: 5103: 5056: 5022: 4653: 4645: 4606: 4598: 4573: 4565: 4552: 4536: 4529: 4520: 4504: 4488: 4424: 4400: 4396:

The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design, Expanded Edition

4376: 4352: 4346: 4331: 4323: 4281: 4255: 4233: 4204: 4164: 4137: 4113: 3979: 3798: 3736: 3634: 3608: 3573: 3561: 3306: 3087: 3026: 2854: 2719: 2664: 2618: 2563: 2516: 2341: 2335: 2227: 2201: 2057: 1825: 1821: 1669: 1568: 1560: 1552: 1434: 1065: 982: 258: 136: 126: 121: 6465: 4782:

An examination of both the theological and scientific aspects of theistic evolution.

4454: 3692: 3234:. Special Publications. Vol. 143. London: Geological Society. pp. 133–136. 2833: 1771: 6505: 6475: 6460: 6409: 6404: 6359: 5617: 5184: 5162: 4970: 4450: 4438: 4394: 4069: 3969: 3674: 3596: 3553: 3294: 2989: 2821: 2583: 2506: 2347: 2193: 2162: 2019: 1943: 1794: 1548: 1544: 1455:

were a purposeful divine plan aimed at forming humanity. These scientists rejected

1447: 1418: 1320: 1099: 990: 771: 293: 5462: 2552: 6450: 6440: 6369: 5978: 5602: 5429: 5418: 5372: 5315: 5264: 5044: 4848: 4687:

About: Agnosticism/Atheism on 'Theistic Evolution & Evolutionary Creationism'

4676: 4545: 4481: 4370: 4269: 4247: 4223: 4103: 3730: 3666: 3649: 3446: 3373: 3079: 2299: 2263: 2255: 2243: 2209: 2189: 2065: 1900: 1882: 1262: 1214: 1144: 1129: 1114: 1035: 1021: 742: 723: 708: 246: 236: 98: 1774:, in both science and religion, involves the process or the purpose of becoming 6445: 6389: 6344: 6314: 6299: 6294: 5818: 5690: 5632: 4992: 4987: 4925: 4903: 4765: 4390: 4366: 3622: 3474:"John Henry Newman to J. Walker of Scarborough on Darwin's Theory of Evolution" 3421: 3369: 2968: 2665:"Darwin'den 1000 yıl önce evrim fikrini ortaya atan Müslüman: Basralı El Cahiz" 2457: 2397: 2251: 2073: 1930: 1890: 1886: 1809: 1783: 1694: 1626: 1530: 1410: 1243: 1233: 1161: 1148: 1121:, and the creation story in the book of Genesis should be read metaphorically. 970: 328: 231: 4597:, Ed. by Robert R. Mathisen, 2nd revised edn., Baylor University Press, 2006, 4161:

The New Answers Book: Over 25 Questions on Creation / Evolution and the Bible

3600: 3144: 2993: 2825: 2149:

that the deity, equipped with foreknowledge, sets the direction of evolution (

1071:

No special supernatural intervention is involved once evolution got under way;

46: 6561: 6495: 6480: 6455: 6394: 6354: 6212: 6202: 6146: 6020: 5898: 5857: 5703: 5457: 5125: 5120: 4342: 4294:

Brundell, Barry, "Catholic Church Politics and Evolution Theory, 1894-1902",

3417: 2881: 2444: 2185: 1982: 1939:: The acceptance of evolution without any exceptions for miraculous creation. 1734: 1707: 1621: 1591: 1501: 1467: 1438: 1430: 1426: 1404: 1312: 1202: 1133: 1087: 786: 479: 151: 6304: 4073: 3557: 2973:"Nothing in Evolutionary Theory Makes Sense Except in the Light of Creation" 1874:

divides Muslim positions on the evolution theory into four different views.

997:. Modern theistic evolution accepts the general scientific consensus on the 6520: 6510: 6399: 6384: 6222: 6158: 6015: 5963: 5908: 5741: 5736: 5330: 5088: 4698: 4518:

Coming to Peace with Science: Bridging the Worlds Between Faith and Biology

4497: 3983: 3565: 3480:. Vol. XXIV. Oxford: Clarendon Press (published 1973). pp. 77–78. 3298: 3238: 2520: 2352: 2235: 2182: 2150: 1972: 1952: 1910: 1817: 1662: 1609: 1571: 1488: 1376: 1153: 998: 781: 499: 484: 268: 263: 181: 4736:

From Flat Earthism to Atheistic Evolutionism, including Theistic Evolution

4313: 3722: 3642: 2302:

in scientific explanations, undermining biblical doctrines, such as God's

1881:: The rejection of evolutionary theory and all of its elements, including 6500: 6374: 6227: 6042: 5913: 5642: 5177: 5007: 4913: 4871: 4513: 4414: 2853:. ISSR library (in Italian). University of California Press. p. 69. 2533:

Stipe, Claude E., "Scientific Creationism and Evangelical Christianity",

2287: 2231: 2103: 2069: 2061: 2053: 1460: 1442: 1190: 1014: 986: 658: 509: 226: 176: 6086: 5482: 3005: 3001: 2615:

Beyond the Firmament: Understanding Science and the Theology of Creation

2582:

Pope John Paul II, 3 October 1981 to the Pontifical Academy of Science,

2125:

Alternatives to evolution by natural selection § Theistic evolution

6525: 6490: 6349: 6339: 6309: 6217: 5903: 5804: 5726: 5713: 5347: 5147: 5034: 5012: 4965: 4960: 4908: 4876: 4791: 4729:

Nobel Prize winner Charles Townes on evolution and "intelligent design"

4635: 4462: 4299: 2807:"Evolutionary Creation: Moving Beyond the Evolution vs Creation Debate" 2095: 2002: 1829: 1793:, but that humans did. Many versions of theistic evolution insist on a 1741: 1690: 1686: 1658: 1422: 1414: 1254: 1222: 283: 206: 161: 141: 55: 4620: 3283:"Mind the gap: Did Darwin avoid publishing his theory for many years?" 2538: 2196:, sufficient explanation of the phenomena of evolution is provided by 6256: 6194: 6168: 6141: 6037: 5888: 5497: 5115: 4863: 2462:"Defining the Relationship between Evolution and Divine Intervention" 2247: 2178: 1605: 1564: 1556: 1452: 1061: 978: 542: 156: 76: 4779: 3974: 3949: 3869:

Islam and Evolution: Al-Ghazālī and the Modern Evolutionary Paradigm

3834:

Islam and Evolution: Al-Ghazālī and the Modern Evolutionary Paradigm

3795:

Islam and Evolution: Al Ghazali and the Modern Evolutionary Paradigm

2511: 2486: 1363: 6249: 6136: 5940: 5142: 4591:

Between Americanism and Modernism; John Zahm and Theistic Evolution

4059: 2138: 2130: 1956: 1899:: The acceptance of the entirety of evolutionary theory except for 1575: 1301: 1297: 1272: 1091: 1044: 1006: 973:. Here, God is taken as the primary cause while natural causes are 532: 131: 6185: 3507: 1620:". In December 1859 Darwin had been disappointed to hear that Sir 1618:

the continuous operation of the ordained becoming of living things

1578:(1810–1888) defended natural selection as compatible with design. 1132:(human exceptionalism), while some give an allegorical reading of 5325: 5039: 3193: 3191: 2291: 2282: 2099: 2091: 1837: 1813: 1756: 1673: 1654: 1466:

threatening the established hierarchies of society. The idealist

1368: 1125: 3901:"Islam and Evolution: The Curious Case of David Solomon Jalajel" 3887:

Islam and Evolution: Al Ghazali and Modern Evolutionary Paradigm

3225:"Lyell's views on organic progression, evolution and extinction" 2226:

A number of notable proponents of theistic evolution, including

4707:

by Laurence Moran, presents a standard definition for evolution

3337: 2307: 1745: 1679:

In 1871 Darwin published his own research on human ancestry in

588: 4441:(1997). "Antievolution and Creationism in the United States". 4229:

Negotiating Darwin: the Vatican confronts evolution, 1877–1902

3325: 3188: 2450: 5246: 4486:

The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief

4201:

Did God Use Evolution? Observations from a Scientist of Faith

3009: 1775: 1103: 1095: 4788:

signed by thousands of clergy supporting evolution and faith

1909:: The acceptance of evolution, only making an exception for 1306:

The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of Creation (1692)

4710: 3130:

As quoted from Ramsbottom, (1938); in David Briggs (1997),

2107: 1961: 1798: 1790: 4630:

Morrison, John L., "William Seton: A Catholic Darwinist",

3427: 2914:"Evolutionary Creation: A Christian Approach to Evolution" 2006:, etc.) Adamic exceptionalists believe that Allah created 1836:" is sometimes used to refer to theories that there was a 1236:

describes the position of the late 19th-century geologist

1232:

Regarding the embracing of Darwinian evolution, historian

4713:

Old Earth Creationism, with section on theistic evolution

4372:

The Creationists: The Evolution of Scientific Creationism

3680: 3453: 3349: 3250: 966: 4774: 4673:

Evolutionary Creation: A Christian Approach to Evolution

4563:

The Beautiful Scientist: a Spiritual Approach to Science

4322:, trans. John Bowden, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2007, 2086:

Acceptance of evolution by religious groups § Islam

1210:

greater extent than the theistic evolutionist believes.

1074:

Humans are a result of these evolutionary processes; and

4723:

The Vatican's View of Evolution: The Story of Two Popes

4595:

Critical Issues in American Religious History: A Reader

3313: 3262: 2422: 2208:

natural entity is not required. Evolutionary biologist

1964:), and that evolution occurred just as theorized (e.g. 1748:

had a lower rate of acceptance than the United States.

1672:

wrote in 1868: "Mr Darwin's theory need not then to be

1098:

in rejecting the concepts of continued intervention or

4348:

Evolution: The Remarkable History of Scientific Theory

3375:

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection

4420:

Encyclopedia of Theology: A Concise Sacramentum Mundi

4023:"The World's Muslims: Religion, Politics and Society" 3656:, Sixth Edition. 2001–07. Retrieved 12 November 2008. 3516:. 1 vol. 1st edition, Feb. 1863 (John Murray, London) 2392: 2390: 2388: 1889:, etc. many of its proponents, however, still accept 1870:

The Islamic scholar, science lecturer and theologian

1755:, and as such it is viewed with disdain both by some 1751:

Theistic evolution has been described as arguing for

4701:

by Mark Isaak, presents various forms of creationism

4222: 3698: 3587:

Devine, Philip E. (2008). "Creation and Evolution".

3117:

Alistair Cameron Crombie, Michael A. Hoskin (1988),

3084:

Genesis Kinds: Creationism and the Origin of Species

2118: 4754: 3633:(London: Continuum, 2010), pp. 34–35. In contrast, 3527:"Wrestling with doubt – Christian History Magazine" 2181:evolutionists focuses on its essential belief in a 4644:, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006, 4305:Desmond, Adrian J.; Moore, James Richard (1991) . 4273: 3543: 2911: 2640:"Muslim thought on evolution takes a step forward" 2551: 2385: 2113: 1229:that God created "kinds" of animals sequentially. 4627:, Organ of the Roman Theological Forum, May 2001. 3732:The Beginning of All Things: Science and Religion 3082:. In Wood, Todd Charles; Garner, Paul A. (eds.). 3065:On the Origins of New Forms of Life, A new Theory 2598:. University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. Archived from 1551:(1821–1902), both conservative Christians in the 6559: 4717:Evolution & Creation: A Theosophic Synthesis 4621:Early Vatican Responses to Evolutionist Theology 4226:; Glick, Thomas F.; Martínez, Rafael A. (2006). 2840: 2596:"An Open Letter Concerning Religion and Science" 1865: 1425:to show design by a benevolent Creator, adopted 4689:by Austin Cline; overview of various viewpoints 4642:Roman Catholicism and modern science: a history 2137:. He argued that the deity supplies beneficial 1585:(January 1860), had written in the conclusion: 4296:The British Journal for the History of Science 4180:The Serious Consequences of Theistic Evolution 3735:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 94–95. 1285:Alternatives to evolution by natural selection 27:Views that religion is compatible with science 6102: 4807: 4319:beginning of all things: science and religion 4232:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 4039: 4037: 4035: 2880: 2177:The major criticism of theistic evolution by 1581:Darwin himself, in his second edition of the 931: 627: 4423:. Continuum International Publishing Group. 4304: 4157:Chapter 3: Couldn’t God Have Used Evolution? 3999:"Does Islam Forbid Even Studying Evolution?" 3851:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMalik2021a ( 3537: 3513:Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man 3478:The Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman 3343: 2777:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMalik2021a ( 2052:Proponents of human-exceptionalism include: 1712:Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man 1128:believe that only humans were exceptions to 3230:. In Blundell, D. J.; Scott, A. C. (eds.). 3197: 3015:witness in Genesis of a completed creation. 1729:Acceptance of evolution by religious groups 1516: 1473:Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation 1391:Later observations by Protestant botanists 6109: 6095: 4814: 4800: 4583: 4475: 4065:Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism 4032: 3950:"Why I teach evolution to Muslim students" 3721: 3222: 2850:Evolution Vs. Creationism: An Introduction 2479: 2273: 2204:), and the intervention or direction of a 2135:Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism 1753:compatibility between science and religion 938: 924: 807:Rejection of evolution by religious groups 634: 620: 6116: 4058: 3973: 3232:Lyell: the Past is the Key to the Present 2874: 2510: 2456: 2172: 1797:consisting of at least the addition of a 1476:published in 1844, its anonymous author ( 1278: 1039:evolution typically rest. They include: 6048:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance 4821: 4086: 3996: 3476:. In Dessain, C.S.; Gornall, T. (eds.). 3280: 3080:"1: Evolving Christian Views of Species" 2967: 2795:(1998), New Leaf Publishing Group, p. 36 2713: 2690:"'Darwin, evrimi Müslümanlar'dan çaldı'" 1942: 1413:'s analysis of fossils and discovery of 1362: 981:. Theistic evolution is not in itself a 4389: 4365: 4129: 3037:, 1998. ISBN 0-674-19312-1 pp.12,57,163 2955: 2549: 2428: 2157:set out similar views in his 1867 book 14: 6560: 4413: 4341: 4268: 4246: 4043: 4028:. Pew Research Center. April 30, 2013. 3947: 3846: 3686: 3677:" (q.v.) in typical Creationist usage. 3586: 3471: 3459: 3433: 3368: 3355: 3331: 3319: 3287:Notes and Records of the Royal Society 3268: 3256: 3244: 3077: 2772: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2744:الدكتور عدنان إبراهيم Dr Adnan Ibrahim 2637: 2631: 2612: 2192:considers that, by the application of 1840:of some sort, achieving hominization. 1451:in which patterns of development from 1111:Catholic version of theistic evolution 1047:, with the universe coming into being 6090: 5811:Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion 4795: 4693:Creationism: What's a Catholic to Do? 4437: 3929:Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research 3792: 3788: 3786: 3670: 3621:For example, the Catholic theologian 3247:, pp. 108–109, 113–118, 133–134. 2942: 2846: 2804: 2403:National Center for Science Education 2215: 1913:. It asserts that Adam was the first 1599:Chapter XIV: "Conclusions", page 428. 1084:National Center for Science Education 4550:Perspectives on an Evolving Creation 2945:, p. 271 for another definition 2410:from the original on 26 January 2024 1225:, with similarities to the ideas of 1196: 1166:(evolution according to fixed law), 6208:Alternatives to Darwinian evolution 4015: 3402:Review of Origin & other works. 3121:Science History Publications. p. 43 2757: 2584:"Cosmology and Fundamental Physics" 1635:The Facts and Fancies of Mr. Darwin 24: 5216:Evolutionary developmental biology 4780:Perspectives on Theistic Evolution 4748:National Museum of Natural History 4470: 4375:. University of California Press. 4280:. University of California Press. 4254:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 3941: 3783: 3699:Artigas, Glick & Martínez 2006 3631:Aquinas: A Guide for the Perplexed 3472:Newman, John Henry (22 May 1868). 2886:"The Creation/Evolution Continuum" 2732: 2707: 2638:Hameed, Salman (11 January 2013). 2434: 2398:"The Creation/Evolution Continuum" 1702:(1838–1921) responded to Darwin's 993:, but can include beliefs such as 25: 6599: 4666: 3884: 3866: 3831: 3420:, Darwin Correspondence Project, 2716:Bir Müslüman Evrimci Olabilir Mi? 2119:19th-century 'theistic evolution' 2102:(78%). However relatively few in 1525:Religious views of Charles Darwin 1292:In the 17th century, the English 1086:in the United States of America, 6184: 6070: 6061: 6060: 4759: 4755:Proponents of theistic evolution 4276:Evolution:The History of an Idea 3701:, pp. 19, 23, 24, 35, etc.. 3506: 3424:", accessed on 10 February 2019, 3205:. Plorenzano.files.wordpress.com 3048:"What is Evolutionary Creation?" 2740:"The Evolution Series Episode 1" 2558:. New York: Free Press. p. 2169:which they had grown to expect. 1947:Diagram of Adamic exceptionalism 1854: 1641:creative purpose. Both Owen and 1117:may have occurred, but God must 665: 601: 600: 587: 45: 5873:Extended evolutionary synthesis 5062:Gene-centered view of evolution 4455:10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.263 4193: 4173: 4150: 4123: 4097: 4080: 4052: 3997:Guessoum, Nidhal (2012-01-04). 3990: 3917: 3893: 3878: 3860: 3840: 3825: 3759: 3714: 3704: 3659: 3615: 3580: 3519: 3500: 3484: 3465: 3439: 3410: 3394: 3361: 3274: 3216: 3170: 3161: 3137: 3132:"Plant Variation and Evolution" 3124: 3111: 3070: 3058: 3040: 3020: 2961: 2948: 2935: 2905: 2798: 2786: 2682: 2657: 2606: 2321:American Scientific Affiliation 2114:Relationship to other positions 2079: 1766: 594:Evolutionary biology portal 6583:Catholic theology and doctrine 6001:Hologenome theory of evolution 5868:History of molecular evolution 5094:Evolutionarily stable strategy 4983:Last universal common ancestor 4681:St. Joseph's College, Edmonton 3416:Letter from Charles Darwin to 2588: 2576: 2543: 2527: 1082:The executive director of the 553:Creation–evolution controversy 307:History of evolutionary theory 13: 1: 6568:Religious belief and doctrine 5795:Renaissance and Enlightenment 4443:Annual Review of Anthropology 3100:Disquisitio de Sexu Plantarum 3008:on 5 August 2021 – via 2617:. Chesapeake, VA: Watertree. 2379: 1866:Theological views and stances 1722: 1629:(1781–1868), a member of the 1504:(1804–1881) and the Reverend 1193:" of union with the Creator. 1045:prevailing cosmological model 1030: 6006:Missing heritability problem 5633:Gamete differentiation/sexes 4740:Human Timeline (Interactive) 4734:Spectrum of Creation Beliefs 4399:. Harvard University Press. 3793:Malik, Shoaib Ahmed (2021). 3145:"Rocky Road: Thomas Hawkins" 2550:Collins, Francis S. (2007). 1801:just for the human species. 1786:taught animals did not have 1653:, which explained beauty in 1259:National Institute of Health 1049:about 13.8 billion years ago 1025:between religion and science 538:Evolution as fact and theory 7: 4786:The "Clergy Letter" Project 3948:Dajani, Rana (2015-04-23). 3925:"Dr. David Solomon Jalajel" 3531:Christian History Institute 2912:Denis O. Lamoureux (2003). 2793:The Modern Creation Trilogy 2313: 2145:argued instead in his 1871 1804:Scientific accounts of the 1633:, wrote an article called " 1421:, which sought examples of 1356:Fundamenta fructificationis 1158:(goal-directed evolution), 858:Jainism and non-creationism 10: 6604: 5638:Life cycles/nuclear phases 5190:Trivers–Willard hypothesis 4216: 3031:Darwinism comes to America 2814:Christian Higher Education 2613:Glover, Gordon J. (2007). 2447:, Niles Eldredge, p. 62–63 2219: 2200:processes (in particular, 2122: 2083: 1861:Islamic views on evolution 1858: 1726: 1522: 1487:The comparative anatomist 1393:Carl Friedrich von Gärtner 1282: 1240:as "Christian Darwinism". 1187:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin 1185:The Jesuit paleontologist 1011:origin of the Solar System 995:creation of the human soul 573:Nature-nurture controversy 6534: 6428: 6280: 6262:Evolutionary epistemology 6193: 6182: 6124: 6056: 5956: 5881: 5785: 5712: 5668: 5523: 5427: 5244: 5203: 5136:Parent–offspring conflict 5072: 4941:Earliest known life forms 4862: 4829: 4130:Dawkins, Richard (1986). 4087:Campbell, George (1867). 3654:The Columbia Encyclopedia 3601:10.1017/S0034412500024380 3450:(1862), Volume 3. p. 170. 2994:10.1163/22116117-90000522 2826:10.1080/15363750903018231 2441:Evolution Vs. Creationism 2167:methodological naturalism 2147:On the Genesis of Species 1967:Austalopithecus afarensis 1849:St. George Jackson Mivart 1397:Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter 1207:Evolution Vs. Creationism 969:acts and creates through 963:evolutionary creationism, 460:Evolutionary neuroscience 435:Evolutionary epistemology 415:Evolutionary anthropology 395:Applications of evolution 5989:Cultural group selection 5853:The eclipse of Darwinism 5825:On the Origin of Species 5800:Transmutation of species 4561:Corrado Ghinamo; (2013) 4136:. Longman. p. 316. 3817:: CS1 maint: location ( 3767:"Dr. Shoaib Ahmed Malik" 3344:Desmond & Moore 1991 3334:, pp. 125–126, 139. 3078:Garner, Paul A. (2009). 3067:, by Eugene M. McCarthy. 3035:Harvard University Press 2836:– via ualberta.ca. 2714:Taslaman, Caner (2017). 2279:Young Earth creationists 2143:St George Jackson Mivart 1761:young Earth creationists 1536:On the Origin of Species 1518:On the Origin of Species 1457:transmutation of species 1445:(1779–1851) developed a 1401:transmutation of species 961:), alternatively called 450:Evolutionary linguistics 445:Evolutionary game theory 420:Evolutionary computation 18:Evolutionary creationism 6282:Philosophers of biology 5994:Dual inheritance theory 5833:History of paleontology 4584:Accounts of the history 4476:Contemporary approaches 4109:A Universe from Nothing 4074:10.5962/bhl.title.19483 3639:Transmigration of souls 3558:10.1126/science.1126746 3281:van Wyhe, John (2007). 2919:. University of Alberta 2746:(in Arabic). 2015-12-23 2535:American Anthropologist 2326:The BioLogos Foundation 2274:Young Earth creationism 1700:George Frederick Wright 1631:Free Church of Scotland 1311:18th-century scientist 1238:George Frederick Wright 1227:progressive creationism 827:"Teach the Controversy" 792:Creationist cosmologies 563:Objections to evolution 470:Evolutionary psychology 465:Evolutionary physiology 410:Evolutionary aesthetics 389:Fields and applications 371:History of paleontology 6578:Theistic evolutionists 6573:Evolution and religion 5682:Punctuated equilibrium 5003:Non-adaptive radiation 4951:Evolutionary arms race 4632:The Review of Politics 4112:Free Press, New York. 3299:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171 3149:www.strangescience.net 2173:Non-theistic evolution 2129:The American botanist 1948: 1915:theologically accurate 1806:origin of the universe 1602: 1497:On the Nature of Limbs 1384: 1361: 1342: 1315:(1707–1778) published 1279:Historical development 495:Speciation experiments 475:Experimental evolution 430:Evolutionary economics 252:Recent human evolution 110:Processes and outcomes 6588:Philosophy of biology 6176:Evolutionary taxonomy 6118:Philosophy of biology 5974:Evolutionary medicine 5848:Mendelian inheritance 5556:Biological complexity 5544:Programmed cell death 5236:Phenotypic plasticity 4956:Evolutionary pressure 4946:Evidence of evolution 4844:Timeline of evolution 4725:by Doug Linder (2004) 4393:(November 30, 2006). 4199:Gitt, Werner (2006). 3885:Malik, Shoaib Ahmed. 3867:Malik, Shoaib Ahmed. 3832:Malik, Shoaib Ahmed. 3648:July 9, 2008, at the 3407:111: 487–532, p. 500. 3400:Owen, Richard. 1860. 2981:Philosophia Reformata 2358:Old Earth creationism 1946: 1907:Adamic exceptionalism 1587: 1559:welcomed the idea of 1367:In the 19th century, 1366: 1346: 1328: 1283:Further information: 1119:create the human soul 955:theistic evolutionism 455:Evolutionary medicine 400:Biosocial criminology 366:History of speciation 279:Evolutionary taxonomy 242:Timeline of evolution 5948:Teleology in biology 5843:Blending inheritance 5221:Genetic assimilation 5084:Artificial selection 4823:Evolutionary biology 4711:Old Earth Ministries 4699:What is Creationism? 4619:Harrison, Brian W., 4133:The Blind Watchmaker 3436:, pp. 186, 204. 3178:"Do Species Change?" 3119:"History of Science" 2884:(13 February 2018). 2847:Scott, E.C. (2009). 2805:Lamoureux, Denis O. 2718:. Destek Yayınları. 2368:Teleology in biology 2363:Religious naturalism 2141:to guide evolution. 1897:Human exceptionalism 1834:special transformism 1717:historical criticism 1337:Systema Vegetabilium 1300:priest and botanist 1257:and Director of the 959:God-guided evolution 425:Evolutionary ecology 39:Evolutionary biology 6320:Peter Godfrey-Smith 6011:Molecular evolution 5969:Ecological genetics 5838:Transitional fossil 5628:Sexual reproduction 5468:endomembrane system 5397:pollinator-mediated 5353:dolphins and whales 5131:Parental investment 4770:TalkOrigins Archive 4589:Appleby, R. Scott. 4184:The Occult Invasion 4104:Krauss, Lawrence M. 3966:2015Natur.520..409D 3836:. pp. 133–136. 3689:, pp. 484–488. 3625:attributed "soul" ( 3462:, pp. 204–207. 3358:, pp. 203–205. 3346:, pp. 428–429. 3259:, pp. 120–134. 3223:Hallam, A. (1998). 3054:. February 6, 2024. 2554:The Language of God 2503:2006Natur.442Q.110. 2497:(7099): 110. 2006. 2373:Fine-tuned universe 2331:Day-age creationism 2240:Simon Conway Morris 1911:Adam and Hawa (Eve) 1845:John Augustine Zahm 1838:divine intervention 1780:Abrahamic religions 1739:mainline Protestant 1665:for a future need. 1608:mechanism. In 1860 1510:British Association 1268:The Language of God 1213:Canadian biologist 1056:fine-tuned universe 1003:age of the universe 853:Creator in Buddhism 763:Omphalos hypothesis 527:Social implications 515:Universal Darwinism 505:Island biogeography 440:Evolutionary ethics 405:Ecological genetics 351:Molecular evolution 289:Transitional fossil 117:Population genetics 33:Part of a series on 6547:History of biology 6542:Philosophy of mind 6516:John Maynard Smith 6436:Francisco J. Ayala 6420:William C. Wimsatt 6415:Gerard Verschuuren 6325:James R. Griesemer 5984:Cultural evolution 5099:Fisher's principle 5028:Handicap principle 5018:Parallel evolution 4882:Adaptive radiation 4705:What is Evolution? 4530:Miller, Kenneth R. 4367:Numbers, Ronald L. 4351:. Modern Library. 3849:, pp. 133–134 3492:The Descent of Man 3182:Answers in Genesis 2487:"Building bridges" 2268:intelligent design 2260:Francisco J. Ayala 2222:Intelligent design 2216:Intelligent design 2155:The Duke of Argyll 1998:H. heidelbergensis 1993:H. heidelbergensis 1949: 1937:Non-exceptionalism 1872:Shoaib Ahmed Malik 1682:The Descent of Man 1663:rudimentary organs 1612:attacked Darwin's 1541:liberal Christians 1385: 1253:In 2006, American 1248:Howard J. Van Till 1178:creative evolution 1170:emergent evolution 951:Theistic evolution 874:Theistic evolution 797:Intelligent design 748:creation narrative 733:Biblical cosmology 558:Theistic evolution 490:Selective breeding 202:Parallel evolution 167:Adaptive radiation 6555: 6554: 6486:Humberto Maturana 6471:Stephen Jay Gould 6365:Roberta Millstein 6330:Paul E. Griffiths 6084: 6083: 5700:Uniformitarianism 5653:Sex-determination 5158:Sexual dimorphism 5153:Natural selection 5057:Unit of selection 5023:Signalling theory 4766:God and Evolution 4658:978-0-8264-1868-5 4611:978-1-932792-39-3 4439:Scott, Eugenie C. 4430:978-0-8601-2006-3 4406:978-0-674-02339-0 4358:978-0-679-64288-6 4343:Larson, Edward J. 4336:978-0-8028-0763-2 4309:. Michael Joseph. 4287:978-0-520-23693-6 4261:978-0-8018-4391-4 4159:Ham, Ken (2006). 4118:978-1-4516-2445-8 3635:Dharmic religions 3589:Religious Studies 3322:, pp. 47–49. 3271:, pp. 42–46. 3198:Pablo Lorenzano. 3027:Ronald L. Numbers 2860:978-0-520-26187-7 2624:978-0-9787186-1-9 2602:on 12 March 2005. 2460:(13 March 2019). 2431:, pp. 34–38. 2342:Epic of evolution 2336:Deistic evolution 2228:Kenneth R. Miller 2202:natural selection 2058:Nuh Ha Mim Keller 1826:paleoanthropology 1822:Mitochondrial Eve 1704:Origin of Species 1670:John Henry Newman 1614:Origin of Species 1561:natural selection 1553:Church of England 1435:uniformitarianism 1197:Alternative terms 1066:natural selection 1017:, and evolution. 983:scientific theory 948: 947: 915: 914: 644: 643: 335:Origin of Species 137:Natural selection 16:(Redirected from 6595: 6506:Joan Roughgarden 6476:Richard Lewontin 6461:Michael Ghiselin 6410:Francisco Varela 6405:Alfred I. Tauber 6360:Jane Maienschein 6188: 6111: 6104: 6097: 6088: 6087: 6074: 6064: 6063: 5863:Modern synthesis 5623:Multicellularity 5618:Mosaic evolution 5503:auditory ossicle 5185:Social selection 5168:Flowering plants 5163:Sexual selection 4816: 4809: 4802: 4793: 4792: 4625:Living Tradition 4546:Miller, Keith B. 4482:Collins, Francis 4466: 4434: 4410: 4386: 4362: 4310: 4291: 4279: 4270:Bowler, Peter J. 4265: 4248:Bowler, Peter J. 4243: 4224:Artigas, Mariano 4211: 4203:. Master Books. 4197: 4191: 4182:(excerpted from 4177: 4171: 4163:. Master Books. 4154: 4148: 4147: 4127: 4121: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4090:The Reign of Law 4084: 4078: 4077: 4056: 4050: 4041: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4009: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3977: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3935: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3911: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3864: 3858: 3856: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3816: 3808: 3790: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3777: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3718: 3712: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3675:special creation 3663: 3657: 3619: 3613: 3612: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3523: 3517: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3469: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3414: 3408: 3405:Edinburgh Review 3398: 3392: 3391: 3385: 3383: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3229: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3210: 3204: 3195: 3186: 3185: 3174: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3155: 3141: 3135: 3128: 3122: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3044: 3038: 3024: 3018: 3017: 3004:. Archived from 2977: 2965: 2959: 2952: 2946: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2926: 2924: 2918: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2844: 2838: 2837: 2811: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2782: 2770: 2755: 2754: 2752: 2751: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2702: 2701: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2676: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2557: 2547: 2541: 2531: 2525: 2524: 2514: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2454: 2448: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2406:. 22 June 2022. 2394: 2348:Natural theology 2163:Edward J. Larson 2161:. The historian 2159:The Reign of Law 1917:human. However, 1879:Non-evolutionism 1795:special creation 1659:adaptive benefit 1651:The Reign of Law 1600: 1549:Frederick Temple 1547:(1819–1875) and 1545:Charles Kingsley 1448:Naturphilosophie 1419:natural theology 1395:(1772–1850) and 1359: 1340: 1326:Linnaeus wrote: 1100:special creation 999:age of the Earth 991:special creation 940: 933: 926: 842: 841: 822:Public education 772:Creation science 669: 646: 645: 636: 629: 622: 609: 604: 603: 596: 592: 591: 568:Level of support 361:Current research 346:Modern synthesis 341:Before synthesis 294:Extinction event 52:Darwin's finches 49: 30: 29: 21: 6603: 6602: 6598: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6558: 6557: 6556: 6551: 6530: 6451:Richard Dawkins 6441:Patrick Bateson 6424: 6370:Sandra Mitchell 6276: 6189: 6180: 6120: 6115: 6085: 6080: 6052: 5979:Group selection 5952: 5877: 5781: 5708: 5670:Tempo and modes 5664: 5519: 5423: 5240: 5199: 5075: 5068: 5045:Species complex 4858: 4849:History of life 4825: 4820: 4762: 4757: 4677:Denis Lamoureux 4669: 4640:O'Leary, John. 4586: 4478: 4473: 4471:Further reading 4431: 4407: 4391:Numbers, Ronald 4383: 4359: 4288: 4262: 4240: 4219: 4214: 4198: 4194: 4178: 4174: 4155: 4151: 4144: 4128: 4124: 4102: 4098: 4085: 4081: 4057: 4053: 4042: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4007: 4005: 4003:Huffington Post 3995: 3991: 3975:10.1038/520409a 3946: 3942: 3933: 3931: 3923: 3922: 3918: 3909: 3907: 3899: 3898: 3894: 3883: 3879: 3871:. p. 130. 3865: 3861: 3850: 3845: 3841: 3830: 3826: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3791: 3784: 3775: 3773: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3719: 3715: 3709: 3705: 3697: 3693: 3685: 3681: 3667:Catholic Church 3664: 3660: 3650:Wayback Machine 3620: 3616: 3585: 3581: 3552:(5788): 765–6. 3542: 3538: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3505: 3501: 3490:Darwin (1871), 3489: 3485: 3470: 3466: 3458: 3454: 3444: 3440: 3432: 3428: 3422:Letter no. 2575 3415: 3411: 3399: 3395: 3381: 3379: 3370:Darwin, Charles 3366: 3362: 3354: 3350: 3342: 3338: 3330: 3326: 3318: 3314: 3279: 3275: 3267: 3263: 3255: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3227: 3221: 3217: 3208: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3189: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3153: 3151: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3129: 3125: 3116: 3112: 3104:Systema Naturae 3094: 3075: 3071: 3063: 3059: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3025: 3021: 2975: 2969:Klapwijk, Jacob 2966: 2962: 2953: 2949: 2940: 2936: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2910: 2906: 2896: 2894: 2879: 2875: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2845: 2841: 2809: 2803: 2799: 2791: 2787: 2776: 2771: 2758: 2749: 2747: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2726: 2712: 2708: 2699: 2697: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2674: 2672: 2669:BBC News Türkçe 2663: 2662: 2658: 2648: 2646: 2636: 2632: 2625: 2611: 2607: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2581: 2577: 2570: 2548: 2544: 2532: 2528: 2512:10.1038/442110a 2485: 2484: 2480: 2470: 2468: 2455: 2451: 2439: 2435: 2427: 2423: 2413: 2411: 2396: 2395: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2316: 2300:God to the gaps 2276: 2266:are critics of 2264:Francis Collins 2256:Alister McGrath 2244:Denis Alexander 2224: 2218: 2210:Richard Dawkins 2190:Lawrence Krauss 2175: 2127: 2121: 2116: 2088: 2082: 2066:Nidhal Guessoum 1901:human evolution 1891:micro-evolution 1887:macro-evolution 1883:common ancestry 1868: 1863: 1857: 1820:, or indeed to 1769: 1731: 1725: 1601: 1598: 1527: 1521: 1478:Robert Chambers 1360: 1353: 1341: 1335: 1317:Systema Naturae 1287: 1281: 1263:Francis Collins 1215:Denis Lamoureux 1199: 1145:Henry M. Morris 1130:common ancestry 1115:human evolution 1036:Francis Collins 1033: 965:is a view that 953:(also known as 944: 911: 836:Religious views 831: 801: 759: 743:Book of Genesis 724:Neo-creationism 720: 640: 599: 586: 585: 578: 577: 528: 520: 519: 390: 382: 381: 380: 308: 300: 299: 298: 247:Human evolution 237:History of life 221: 220:Natural history 213: 212: 211: 111: 103: 58: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6601: 6591: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6549: 6544: 6538: 6536: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6466:François Jacob 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6446:Charles Darwin 6443: 6438: 6432: 6430: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6390:Sahotra Sarkar 6387: 6382: 6380:Alex Rosenberg 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6345:Philip Kitcher 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6315:Marjorie Grene 6312: 6307: 6302: 6300:Daniel Dennett 6297: 6295:Lindley Darden 6292: 6286: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6253: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6241: 6240: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6205: 6199: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6178: 6173: 6172: 6171: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6128: 6126: 6122: 6121: 6114: 6113: 6106: 6099: 6091: 6082: 6081: 6079: 6078: 6068: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6029: 6028: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5997: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5960: 5958: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5950: 5945: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5932: 5931: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5891: 5885: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5829: 5828: 5819:Charles Darwin 5816: 5815: 5814: 5802: 5797: 5791: 5789: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5757:Non-ecological 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5718: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5706: 5697: 5688: 5674: 5672: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5662: 5657: 5656: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5574: 5573: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5547: 5546: 5541: 5530: 5528: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5508:nervous system 5505: 5500: 5495: 5487: 5486: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5434: 5432: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5400: 5399: 5389: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5381: 5380: 5375: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5344: 5343: 5338: 5328: 5318: 5313: 5312: 5311: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5285: 5284: 5274: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5257: 5251: 5249: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5207: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5181: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5080: 5078: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5066: 5065: 5064: 5054: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5042: 5032: 5031: 5030: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5008:Origin of life 5005: 5000: 4995: 4993:Microevolution 4990: 4988:Macroevolution 4985: 4980: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4926:Common descent 4923: 4922: 4921: 4911: 4906: 4904:Baldwin effect 4901: 4900: 4899: 4894: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4868: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4819: 4818: 4811: 4804: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4783: 4777: 4772: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4752: 4751: 4750:(August 2016). 4737: 4731: 4726: 4720: 4714: 4708: 4702: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4668: 4667:External links 4665: 4664: 4663: 4638: 4628: 4617: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4580: 4578:978-1621474623 4559: 4543: 4527: 4511: 4495: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4468: 4467: 4435: 4429: 4411: 4405: 4387: 4381: 4363: 4357: 4339: 4311: 4302: 4292: 4286: 4266: 4260: 4244: 4238: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4212: 4209:978-0890514832 4192: 4172: 4169:978-0890515099 4149: 4142: 4122: 4096: 4079: 4051: 4031: 4014: 3989: 3940: 3916: 3905:The Muslim 500 3892: 3889:. p. 127. 3877: 3859: 3839: 3824: 3803: 3782: 3758: 3741: 3713: 3703: 3691: 3679: 3665:Including the 3658: 3623:Thomas Aquinas 3614: 3579: 3536: 3518: 3499: 3483: 3464: 3452: 3438: 3426: 3409: 3393: 3360: 3348: 3336: 3324: 3312: 3293:(2): 181–182. 3273: 3261: 3249: 3237: 3215: 3187: 3169: 3160: 3136: 3123: 3110: 3092: 3069: 3057: 3039: 3019: 2960: 2947: 2934: 2904: 2873: 2859: 2839: 2797: 2785: 2756: 2731: 2724: 2706: 2681: 2656: 2630: 2623: 2605: 2587: 2575: 2568: 2542: 2526: 2478: 2449: 2433: 2421: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2275: 2272: 2217: 2214: 2174: 2171: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2081: 2078: 2074:Caner Taslaman 1941: 1940: 1934: 1931:origin of life 1904: 1894: 1867: 1864: 1859:Main article: 1856: 1853: 1810:origin of life 1784:Thomas Aquinas 1768: 1765: 1727:Main article: 1724: 1721: 1719:of the Bible. 1695:Joseph LeConte 1647:Duke of Argyll 1627:David Brewster 1596: 1569:Anglo-Catholic 1539:in 1859, many 1531:Charles Darwin 1520: 1515: 1411:Georges Cuvier 1373:Thomas Hawkins 1351: 1333: 1304:, in his book 1280: 1277: 1244:Jacob Klapwijk 1234:Ronald Numbers 1198: 1195: 1182:, and others. 1149:John D. Morris 1080: 1079: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1059: 1052: 1032: 1029: 1015:origin of life 971:laws of nature 946: 945: 943: 942: 935: 928: 920: 917: 916: 913: 912: 910: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 878: 877: 876: 868: 867: 863: 862: 861: 860: 855: 847: 846: 838: 837: 833: 832: 830: 829: 824: 819: 813: 810: 809: 803: 802: 800: 799: 794: 789: 784: 778: 775: 774: 768: 767: 766: 765: 758: 757: 756: 755: 753:as an allegory 750: 739: 736: 735: 729: 728: 727: 726: 719: 718: 717: 716: 711: 706: 695: 694: 693: 685: 684: 678: 677: 671: 670: 662: 661: 655: 654: 642: 641: 639: 638: 631: 624: 616: 613: 612: 611: 610: 597: 580: 579: 576: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 548:Social effects 545: 540: 535: 529: 526: 525: 522: 521: 518: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 391: 388: 387: 384: 383: 379: 378: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 331: 326: 321: 316: 310: 309: 306: 305: 302: 301: 297: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 274:Classification 271: 266: 261: 256: 255: 254: 244: 239: 234: 232:Common descent 229: 227:Origin of life 223: 222: 219: 218: 215: 214: 210: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 113: 112: 109: 108: 105: 104: 102: 101: 96: 91: 85: 84: 79: 74: 69: 63: 60: 59: 50: 42: 41: 35: 34: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6600: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6533: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6496:Jacques Monod 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6481:Konrad Lorenz 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6456:Jared Diamond 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6395:Elliott Sober 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6355:Helen Longino 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6279: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6239: 6236: 6235: 6234: 6233:Structuralism 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6213:Catastrophism 6211: 6210: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6203:Adaptationism 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6192: 6187: 6177: 6174: 6170: 6167: 6166: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6148: 6147:Kin selection 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6134: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6112: 6107: 6105: 6100: 6098: 6093: 6092: 6089: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6067: 6059: 6058: 6055: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6022: 6021:Phylogenetics 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5981: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5949: 5946: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5930: 5927: 5926: 5925: 5924:Structuralism 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5899:Catastrophism 5897: 5896: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5858:Neo-Darwinism 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5827: 5826: 5822: 5821: 5820: 5817: 5813: 5812: 5808: 5807: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5784: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5772:Reinforcement 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5711: 5705: 5704:Catastrophism 5701: 5698: 5696: 5695:Macromutation 5692: 5691:Micromutation 5689: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5667: 5661: 5658: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5598:Immune system 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5522: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5458:symbiogenesis 5456: 5455: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5426: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5393: 5390: 5386: 5383: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5370: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5310: 5307: 5306: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5266: 5263: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5243: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5165: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5127: 5126:Kin selection 5124: 5122: 5121:Genetic drift 5119: 5117: 5114: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5071: 5063: 5060: 5059: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5037: 5036: 5033: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4861: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4831: 4828: 4824: 4817: 4812: 4810: 4805: 4803: 4798: 4797: 4794: 4787: 4784: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4767: 4764: 4763: 4760:Organizations 4749: 4745: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4685: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4662: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4650:0-8264-1868-6 4647: 4643: 4639: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4603:1-932792-39-2 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4587: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4564: 4560: 4558: 4557:0-8028-0512-4 4554: 4551: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4541:0-06-093049-7 4538: 4535: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4525:0-8308-2742-0 4522: 4519: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4509:0-452-29534-3 4506: 4503: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4493:0-7432-8639-1 4490: 4487: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4426: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4402: 4398: 4397: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4382:9780520083936 4378: 4374: 4373: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4354: 4350: 4349: 4344: 4340: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4328:0-8028-0763-1 4325: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4312: 4308: 4303: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4278: 4277: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4239:9780801883897 4235: 4231: 4230: 4225: 4221: 4220: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4196: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4176: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4153: 4145: 4143:9780582446946 4139: 4135: 4134: 4126: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4092: 4091: 4083: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4066: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4045: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4024: 4018: 4004: 4000: 3993: 3985: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3960:(7548): 409. 3959: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3930: 3926: 3920: 3906: 3902: 3896: 3888: 3881: 3874: 3870: 3863: 3854: 3848: 3843: 3835: 3828: 3820: 3814: 3806: 3804:9780367364137 3800: 3796: 3789: 3787: 3772: 3768: 3762: 3755: 3744: 3742:9780802863591 3738: 3734: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3717: 3707: 3700: 3695: 3688: 3683: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3618: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3583: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3515: 3514: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3461: 3456: 3449: 3448: 3442: 3435: 3430: 3423: 3419: 3418:Charles Lyell 3413: 3406: 3403: 3397: 3390: 3377: 3376: 3371: 3364: 3357: 3352: 3345: 3340: 3333: 3328: 3321: 3316: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3277: 3270: 3265: 3258: 3253: 3246: 3241: 3233: 3226: 3219: 3201: 3194: 3192: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3164: 3150: 3146: 3140: 3133: 3127: 3120: 3114: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3095: 3093:9781606084908 3089: 3085: 3081: 3073: 3066: 3061: 3053: 3049: 3043: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3016: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2964: 2957: 2951: 2944: 2938: 2931: 2915: 2908: 2893: 2892: 2887: 2883: 2882:Eugenie Scott 2877: 2862: 2856: 2852: 2851: 2843: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2808: 2801: 2794: 2789: 2780: 2775:, p. 135 2774: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2727: 2725:9786053112082 2721: 2717: 2710: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2670: 2666: 2660: 2645: 2641: 2634: 2626: 2620: 2616: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2571: 2569:9781416542742 2565: 2561: 2556: 2555: 2546: 2540: 2536: 2530: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2482: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2453: 2446: 2445:Eugenie Scott 2442: 2437: 2430: 2425: 2409: 2405: 2404: 2399: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2384: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2298:will confine 2297: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2280: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2223: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2194:Occam's razor 2191: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2126: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2087: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1974: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1954: 1945: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1921: 1920:taxonomically 1916: 1912: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1862: 1855:Islamic views 1852: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1736: 1735:Eugenie Scott 1733:According to 1730: 1720: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1708:Charles Lyell 1705: 1701: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1683: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1622:John Herschel 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1595: 1593: 1586: 1584: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1526: 1519: 1514: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1502:Hewett Watson 1498: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1469: 1468:Louis Agassiz 1465: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1439:John Herschel 1436: 1432: 1431:Charles Lyell 1428: 1427:catastrophism 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1406: 1405:Gregor Mendel 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1357: 1350: 1345: 1338: 1332: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1321:hybridization 1318: 1314: 1313:Carl Linnaeus 1309: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1294:Nonconformist 1290: 1286: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1269: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1216: 1211: 1208: 1204: 1203:Eugenie Scott 1194: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1173: 1171: 1165: 1163: 1157: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1088:Eugenie Scott 1085: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 989:doctrines of 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 941: 936: 934: 929: 927: 922: 921: 919: 918: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 879: 875: 872: 871: 870: 869: 865: 864: 859: 856: 854: 851: 850: 849: 848: 844: 843: 840: 839: 835: 834: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 814: 812: 811: 808: 805: 804: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 787:Flood geology 785: 783: 780: 779: 777: 776: 773: 770: 769: 764: 761: 760: 754: 751: 749: 746: 745: 744: 741: 740: 738: 737: 734: 731: 730: 725: 722: 721: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 701: 700: 697: 696: 692: 689: 688: 687: 686: 683: 680: 679: 676: 673: 672: 668: 664: 663: 660: 657: 656: 652: 648: 647: 637: 632: 630: 625: 623: 618: 617: 615: 614: 608: 598: 595: 590: 584: 583: 582: 581: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 530: 524: 523: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 480:Phylogenetics 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 392: 386: 385: 376: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 336: 332: 330: 327: 325: 324:Before Darwin 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 311: 304: 303: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 253: 250: 249: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 224: 217: 216: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 152:Genetic drift 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 114: 107: 106: 100: 97: 95: 92: 90: 87: 86: 83: 80: 78: 75: 73: 70: 68: 65: 64: 62: 61: 57: 53: 48: 44: 43: 40: 37: 36: 32: 31: 19: 6521:E. O. Wilson 6511:Rolf Sattler 6400:Kim Sterelny 6385:Michael Ruse 6272:Tree of life 6244: 6223:Orthogenesis 6159:Reductionism 6033:Polymorphism 6016:Astrobiology 5964:Biogeography 5935: 5919:Saltationism 5909:Orthogenesis 5894:Alternatives 5823: 5809: 5742:Cospeciation 5737:Cladogenesis 5686:Saltationism 5643:Mating types 5566:Color vision 5551:Avian flight 5473:mitochondria 5211:Canalisation 5089:Biodiversity 4834:Introduction 4661:Google books 4641: 4631: 4624: 4615:Google books 4594: 4590: 4562: 4549: 4533: 4517: 4514:Falk, Darrel 4501: 4498:Michael Dowd 4485: 4446: 4442: 4419: 4415:Rahner, Karl 4395: 4371: 4347: 4317: 4306: 4295: 4275: 4251: 4228: 4200: 4195: 4183: 4175: 4160: 4152: 4132: 4125: 4107: 4099: 4089: 4082: 4068:. Appleton. 4064: 4054: 4017: 4006:. Retrieved 4002: 3992: 3957: 3953: 3943: 3932:. Retrieved 3928: 3919: 3908:. Retrieved 3904: 3895: 3886: 3880: 3872: 3868: 3862: 3842: 3833: 3827: 3794: 3774:. Retrieved 3771:www.zu.ac.ae 3770: 3761: 3752: 3746:. Retrieved 3731: 3727:Bowden, John 3716: 3706: 3694: 3682: 3671:Scott (1997) 3661: 3653: 3630: 3626: 3617: 3592: 3588: 3582: 3549: 3545: 3539: 3530: 3521: 3512: 3502: 3491: 3486: 3477: 3467: 3455: 3445: 3441: 3429: 3412: 3404: 3396: 3387: 3380:. Retrieved 3374: 3363: 3351: 3339: 3327: 3315: 3290: 3286: 3276: 3264: 3252: 3240: 3231: 3218: 3207:. Retrieved 3181: 3172: 3163: 3152:. Retrieved 3148: 3139: 3131: 3126: 3118: 3113: 3103: 3099: 3097: 3083: 3072: 3060: 3051: 3042: 3030: 3022: 3013: 3006:the original 2988:(1): 57–77. 2985: 2979: 2963: 2958:, p. 36 2956:Numbers 1993 2950: 2943:Scott (1997) 2937: 2928: 2921:. Retrieved 2907: 2895:. Retrieved 2889: 2876: 2864:. Retrieved 2849: 2842: 2817: 2813: 2800: 2792: 2788: 2748:. Retrieved 2743: 2734: 2715: 2709: 2698:. Retrieved 2696:(in Turkish) 2693: 2684: 2673:. Retrieved 2671:(in Turkish) 2668: 2659: 2647:. Retrieved 2644:The Guardian 2643: 2633: 2614: 2608: 2600:the original 2590: 2578: 2553: 2545: 2534: 2529: 2494: 2490: 2481: 2469:. Retrieved 2465: 2452: 2440: 2436: 2429:Numbers 2006 2424: 2412:. Retrieved 2401: 2353:Orthogenesis 2277: 2236:George Coyne 2225: 2205: 2197: 2188:. Physicist 2183:supernatural 2179:non-theistic 2176: 2158: 2151:orthogenesis 2146: 2134: 2128: 2089: 2051: 2048: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2028: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2001: 1997: 1991: 1988:H. eragaster 1987: 1983:H. eragaster 1981: 1977: 1973:Homo habilis 1971: 1965: 1950: 1936: 1925: 1918: 1914: 1906: 1896: 1878: 1869: 1842: 1818:Adam and Eve 1803: 1772:Hominization 1770: 1767:Hominization 1750: 1732: 1711: 1703: 1681: 1678: 1667: 1657:without any 1650: 1639: 1617: 1613: 1610:Richard Owen 1603: 1588: 1582: 1580: 1572:Aubrey Moore 1534: 1528: 1517: 1506:Baden Powell 1496: 1489:Richard Owen 1486: 1481: 1471: 1446: 1409: 1390: 1386: 1355: 1347: 1343: 1336: 1329: 1325: 1316: 1310: 1305: 1291: 1288: 1266: 1265:, published 1252: 1242: 1231: 1220: 1212: 1206: 1200: 1184: 1175: 1167: 1159: 1154:Orthogenesis 1152: 1142: 1137: 1123: 1108: 1081: 1034: 1019: 962: 958: 954: 950: 949: 873: 845:Non-creation 782:Created kind 557: 500:Sociobiology 485:Paleontology 333: 269:Biogeography 264:Biodiversity 182:Coextinction 172:Co-operation 147:Polymorphism 72:Introduction 6501:Denis Noble 6375:Susan Oyama 6290:John Beatty 6228:Mutationism 6043:Systematics 5914:Mutationism 5732:Catagenesis 5660:Snake venom 5593:Eusociality 5571:in primates 5561:Cooperation 5489:In animals 5309:butterflies 5282:Cephalopods 5272:Brachiopods 5204:Development 5178:Mate choice 4931:Convergence 4914:Coevolution 4872:Abiogenesis 4744:Smithsonian 4449:: 263–289. 4046:, pp. 4044:Larson 2004 3954:Nature News 3847:Malik 2021a 3687:Rahner 1975 3460:Bowler 2003 3434:Bowler 2003 3356:Bowler 2003 3332:Bowler 2003 3320:Bowler 1992 3269:Larson 2004 3257:Bowler 2003 3245:Bowler 2003 2773:Malik 2021a 2304:incarnation 2288:Fall of Man 2252:Darrel Falk 2232:John Haught 2104:Afghanistan 2070:Israr Ahmed 2062:Rana Dajani 2054:Yasir Qadhi 2016:taxonomical 1691:sea squirts 1674:atheistical 1461:materialist 1443:Lorenz Oken 1381:John Martin 1377:plesiosaurs 1191:omega point 1162:nomogenesis 1092:theological 987:creationist 714:progressive 691:Young Earth 659:Creationism 510:Systematics 319:Renaissance 197:Convergence 187:Contingency 177:Coevolution 6562:Categories 6526:Jonas Salk 6491:Ernst Mayr 6429:Biologists 6350:Tim Lewens 6340:Hans Jonas 6335:David Hull 6310:Carla Fehr 6305:John Dupré 6218:Lamarckism 6154:Naturalism 5904:Lamarckism 5882:Philosophy 5805:David Hume 5767:Peripatric 5762:Parapatric 5747:Ecological 5727:Anagenesis 5722:Allopatric 5714:Speciation 5678:Gradualism 5603:Metabolism 5463:chromosome 5453:Eukaryotes 5231:Modularity 5148:Population 5074:Population 5035:Speciation 5013:Panspermia 4966:Extinction 4961:Exaptation 4936:Divergence 4909:Cladistics 4897:Reciprocal 4877:Adaptation 4570:1621474623 4314:Kung, Hans 4093:. Strahan. 4008:2017-11-16 3934:2024-04-23 3910:2024-04-23 3776:2024-04-23 3748:2015-06-15 3723:Küng, Hans 3595:(3): 325. 3447:Good Words 3382:9 December 3209:2015-08-11 3154:2019-12-10 2750:2021-05-06 2700:2021-05-06 2675:2021-05-06 2649:25 January 2414:26 January 2380:References 2296:naturalism 2281:including 2220:See also: 2123:See also: 2106:(26%) and 2098:(79%) and 2096:Kazakhstan 2084:See also: 2080:Acceptance 2020:hybridized 2012:human-like 2008:human-like 2003:H. sapiens 1978:H. habilis 1926:human-like 1924:humans or 1830:archeology 1742:seminaries 1723:Acceptance 1687:Quadrumana 1649:published 1606:purposeful 1557:Calvinists 1533:published 1523:See also: 1464:radicalism 1453:archetypes 1423:adaptation 1415:extinction 1379:. Artist: 1375:' book on 1255:geneticist 1223:speciation 1205:states in 1138:human-like 1031:Definition 284:Cladistics 207:Extinction 192:Divergence 162:Speciation 142:Adaptation 56:John Gould 6267:Teleology 6257:Darwinism 6195:Evolution 6169:Emergence 6142:Dysgenics 6038:Protocell 5889:Darwinism 5777:Sympatric 5526:processes 5414:Tetrapods 5363:Kangaroos 5289:Dinosaurs 5226:Inversion 5195:Variation 5116:Gene flow 5109:Inclusive 4919:Mutualism 4864:Evolution 4548:; (2003) 4532:; (1999) 4516:; (2004) 4484:; (2006) 4369:(1993) . 4188:Dave Hunt 4060:Gray, Asa 3813:cite book 3720:Compare: 3711:Brundell. 3609:170207377 3574:152990938 3367:Compare: 3307:202574857 3076:Compare: 2954:Compare: 2941:see also 2820:: 28–48. 2466:Sapientia 2458:Jim Stump 2292:atheistic 2248:Ard Louis 2139:mutations 2092:atheistic 1759:and many 1668:Cardinal 1565:salvation 1354:From his 1062:Evolution 979:evolution 975:secondary 866:Evolution 699:Old Earth 543:Dysgenics 259:Phylogeny 157:Gene flow 127:Diversity 122:Variation 6250:Vitalism 6245:Theistic 6238:Spandrel 6137:Eugenics 6066:Category 5941:Vitalism 5936:Theistic 5929:Spandrel 5613:Morality 5608:Monogamy 5483:plastids 5448:Flagella 5404:Reptiles 5385:sea cows 5368:primates 5277:Molluscs 5255:Bacteria 5143:Mutation 5076:genetics 5052:Taxonomy 4998:Mismatch 4978:Homology 4892:Cheating 4887:Altruism 4775:BioLogos 4417:(1975). 4345:(2004). 4272:(2003). 4250:(1992). 4120:p.146 f. 4062:(1876). 3984:25903591 3729:(2008). 3646:Archived 3566:16902112 3372:(1859). 3052:BioLogos 3002:24710031 2971:(2012). 2923:25 April 2866:2 August 2834:17953449 2521:16837980 2408:Archived 2314:See also 2306:through 2131:Asa Gray 2043:tawaqquf 2039:tawaqquf 2035:tawaqquf 2031:tawaqquf 1957:miracles 1955:through 1922:accurate 1814:hominids 1788:immortal 1757:atheists 1710:'s 1863 1597:— 1576:Asa Gray 1493:homology 1482:Vestiges 1352:— 1334:— 1302:John Ray 1298:Anglican 1273:BioLogos 1022:conflict 1007:Big Bang 887:Catholic 882:Buddhist 651:a series 649:Part of 607:Category 533:Eugenics 375:timeline 356:Evo-devo 314:Overview 132:Mutation 94:Evidence 89:Glossary 6535:Related 5957:Related 5787:History 5648:Meiosis 5583:Empathy 5578:Emotion 5478:nucleus 5419:Viruses 5409:Spiders 5321:Mammals 5304:Insects 5104:Fitness 5040:Species 4839:Outline 4768:at the 4500:(2009) 4463:2952523 4217:Sources 4106:(2012) 4048:125–128 3962:Bibcode 3546:Science 3134:, p. 16 3098:In his 2499:Bibcode 2283:Ken Ham 2198:natural 2186:creator 2100:Lebanon 2076:, etc. 1655:plumage 1592:Creator 1369:geology 1126:Muslims 1109:In the 1078:nature. 897:Islamic 817:History 704:day-age 675:History 99:History 82:Outline 6164:Holism 6132:Ethics 6125:Themes 6076:Portal 5752:Hybrid 5588:Ethics 5430:organs 5392:Plants 5378:lemurs 5373:humans 5358:horses 5348:hyenas 5336:wolves 5331:canids 5265:origin 4656: 4648: 4609: 4601: 4576: 4568: 4555: 4539: 4523: 4507: 4491: 4461: 4427: 4403: 4379: 4355: 4334: 4326: 4307:Darwin 4284: 4258: 4236: 4207: 4167: 4140: 4116: 3982: 3801: 3739: 3643:"Soul" 3641:. See 3607: 3572: 3564: 3305: 3090: 3000: 2857: 2832: 2722: 2621: 2566: 2519: 2491:Nature 2471:5 July 2308:Christ 2262:, and 1808:, the 1746:Turkey 1643:Mivart 1583:Origin 1567:. The 1383:, 1840 1358:(1742) 1339:(1774) 1104:humans 1013:, the 1009:, the 1005:, the 1001:, the 907:Mormon 902:Jewish 605: 329:Darwin 5539:Death 5534:Aging 5513:brain 5299:Fungi 5260:Birds 5173:Fungi 4971:Event 4854:Index 4636:JSTOR 4593:, in 4459:JSTOR 4300:JSTOR 4026:(PDF) 3627:anima 3605:S2CID 3570:S2CID 3494:, p. 3303:S2CID 3228:(PDF) 3203:(PDF) 3010:JSTOR 2998:JSTOR 2976:(PDF) 2917:(PDF) 2897:3 May 2830:S2CID 2810:(PDF) 2539:JSTOR 2206:super 1953:Allah 1791:souls 1776:human 1529:When 1124:Some 1096:deism 892:Hindu 682:Types 67:Index 6026:Tree 5498:hair 5438:Cell 5341:dogs 5326:cats 5316:Life 5294:Fish 5247:taxa 4654:ISBN 4646:ISBN 4607:ISBN 4599:ISBN 4574:ISBN 4566:ISBN 4553:ISBN 4537:ISBN 4521:ISBN 4505:ISBN 4489:ISBN 4425:ISBN 4401:ISBN 4377:ISBN 4353:ISBN 4332:ISBN 4324:ISBN 4282:ISBN 4256:ISBN 4234:ISBN 4205:ISBN 4165:ISBN 4138:ISBN 4114:ISBN 3980:PMID 3853:help 3819:link 3799:ISBN 3737:ISBN 3562:PMID 3384:2018 3088:ISBN 2925:2012 2899:2019 2891:NCSE 2868:2022 2855:ISBN 2779:help 2720:ISBN 2651:2013 2619:ISBN 2564:ISBN 2517:PMID 2473:2019 2416:2024 2108:Iraq 2033:; a 2024:FUCA 1962:FUCA 1847:and 1828:and 1799:soul 1706:and 1246:and 1147:and 1134:Adam 1064:and 1054:The 1043:The 77:Main 5524:Of 5493:eye 5443:DNA 5428:Of 5245:Of 4675:by 4451:doi 4338:. ] 4186:by 4070:doi 3970:doi 3958:520 3597:doi 3554:doi 3550:313 3496:389 3295:doi 2990:doi 2822:doi 2694:T24 2560:200 2507:doi 2495:442 2000:to 1990:to 1980:to 1970:to 1459:as 967:God 957:or 709:gap 54:by 6564:: 4746:, 4742:– 4652:, 4623:, 4613:. 4605:, 4572:; 4457:. 4447:26 4445:. 4330:, 4316:, 4034:^ 4001:. 3978:. 3968:. 3956:. 3952:. 3927:. 3903:. 3815:}} 3811:{{ 3785:^ 3769:. 3751:. 3725:; 3652:, 3603:. 3593:32 3591:. 3568:. 3560:. 3548:. 3529:. 3386:. 3301:. 3291:61 3289:. 3285:. 3190:^ 3180:. 3147:. 3096:. 3050:. 3033:. 3029:. 3012:. 2996:. 2986:77 2984:. 2978:. 2927:. 2888:. 2828:. 2816:. 2812:. 2759:^ 2742:. 2692:. 2667:. 2642:. 2562:. 2515:. 2505:. 2493:. 2489:. 2464:. 2443:, 2400:. 2387:^ 2310:. 2294:" 2270:. 2258:, 2254:, 2250:, 2246:, 2242:, 2238:, 2234:, 2230:, 2072:, 2068:, 2064:, 2056:, 1996:, 1986:, 1976:, 1885:, 1763:. 1594:. 1261:, 1174:, 1113:, 1106:. 653:on 6110:e 6103:t 6096:v 5702:/ 5693:/ 5684:/ 5680:/ 4815:e 4808:t 4801:v 4683:) 4679:( 4465:. 4453:: 4433:. 4409:. 4385:. 4361:. 4290:. 4264:. 4242:. 4190:) 4146:. 4076:. 4072:: 4011:. 3986:. 3972:: 3964:: 3937:. 3913:. 3857:. 3855:) 3821:) 3807:. 3779:. 3611:. 3599:: 3576:. 3556:: 3533:. 3309:. 3297:: 3212:. 3184:. 3157:. 2992:: 2901:. 2870:. 2824:: 2818:9 2783:. 2781:) 2753:. 2728:. 2703:. 2678:. 2653:. 2627:. 2572:. 2523:. 2509:: 2501:: 2475:. 2418:. 2344:" 2340:" 1960:( 1933:. 1893:. 1296:/ 1180:" 1176:" 1172:" 1168:" 1164:" 1160:" 1156:" 1068:; 1058:; 1051:; 939:e 932:t 925:v 635:e 628:t 621:v 377:) 373:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.