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in order to overcome oppression. She states that this repeated silence has become a notion of "invisibility" to describe black females' lives. Even women with prestige in academia are still under invisibility when they are told what issues they can and cannot lecture about. Hammonds continues to extend the "invisibility" of black women to the field of medicine and science. Black women have been oppressed for so many years that negative stereotypes have been formed about black women and now to black women with AIDS. These stereotypes have created a void between black women with AIDS and society. The public continues to hold black women up to the stereotype of hypersexual and black women with AIDS are forced to deal with this oppression.
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Evelynn M. Hammonds became interested in history and science as a student at
Collier Heights Elementary School in Atlanta and this interest was fostered by an early exposure to science through her parents. Her high school education was disrupted by integration and discrimination, forcing her to switch from Charles Lincoln Harper High School to Daniel McLaughlin Therrell High School in 1967. After experiencing discrimination from students and teachers, she completed her secondary education at Southwest High School.
31:
267:, who had been found to have violated the university's sexual and professional conduct policies. The letter defended Comaroff as "an excellent colleague, advisor and committed university citizen" and expressed dismay over his being sanctioned by the university. After students filed a lawsuit with detailed allegations of Comaroff's actions and the university's failure to respond, Hammonds was one of several signatories to say that she wished to retract her signature.
280:. In this article, Hammond focuses on the intersection of black female sexuality and AIDS. She argues that black female sexuality (from the 19th century to present) was formed in exact opposition to that of white women. She argues that, historically, many black feminists have failed to develop a concept of black female sexuality. Hammonds then discusses the limitations of black women's sexuality and how that affects black women with AIDS.
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publishing a description of an internal email regarding the cheating scandal and athletes' eligibility. No administrators came forward; Hammonds and Smith informed these administrators that there would need to be additional investigation. In response, Hammonds ordered an email search and identified
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Hammonds states that in order for black women to be free from oppression, black women must reclaim their sexuality. The definition of black female sexuality was always defined by an outside group looking in, first by white males and then by white females. Black females must define their own sexuality
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During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, black women reformers were set on developing a new definition of black female sexuality. This new definition was an image of a super moral black female to align itself with the super moral
Victorian women. These black women were set on deconstructing the
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Hammonds' research focuses on the intersection of science, medicine, and race. Many of her works analyze gender and races in the perspective of science and medicine. She is concerned with how science examines human variation through race. Hammonds mainly studies the time period of the 17th century to
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through a research fellowship program that recruited minorities in the sciences. The program provided structured mentorship and placement within a lab group, and she recalls, "... it was my first exposure to the world of big science. It had a profound effect on me, and I really wanted to do well." It
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Hammonds believes black women are capable of more than their socially acceptable definition of their own sexuality, but yet they are unable to express it. This is a consequence of black women being unable to define sexuality in their own terms. She dates the earliest records of these definitions in
166:. The intersections of race, gender, science and medicine are prominent research topics across her published works. Hammonds received degrees in engineering and physics. Before getting her PhD in the History of Science at Harvard, she was a computer programmer. She began her teaching career at the
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as the "Hottentot Venus". This was a black woman who was put on display and seen as vulgar because she had larger anatomical body parts than those of her white counterparts. Today, we still see the continuation of the effects of the association of black women with uncontrolled sexuality. This was
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A review that the university commissioned from an outside law firm, released in July 2013, concluded that "FAS Administrators acting in good faith undertook in order to proceed with and complete the disciplinary proceedings of the
Administrative Board and to protect the confidentiality of that
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In 2002, she returned to
Harvard and joined as a professor in the departments of the History of Science and of African and African-American Studies. She received the title of Dean at Harvard College in 2008 and was the 4th black woman to receive tenure within the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at
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on
January 2, 1953, to Evelyn Baker Hammonds and William Hammonds Jr. Her mother was a schoolteacher, and her father was a postal worker. Her father aspired to become an engineer, after studying chemistry and mathematics, but was unable to attend the segregated Georgia Institute of Technology.
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Upon graduation from
Harvard, Hammonds was invited to teach at MIT. While she was there, she was the founding director of MIT's center for the Study of Diversity in Science, Technology, and Medicine. She also helped organize the first national academic conference for black female scholars,
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called on
Hammonds to resign. Then, on May 28, Hammonds announced that she would resign to lead a new Harvard research program on race and gender in science. Hammonds said that her decision to resign was unrelated to the email search incident.
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hypersexual notion of the black female sexuality. Hammonds argues that by silencing the voice of the black female, the reformers oppressed black women without deconstructing the notion of the hypersexual connotation.
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program but left the course of study early in 1980, earning a master's degree in physics. Upon leaving academia, she began a five-year career as a software engineer, but found this to be unchallenging and returned to
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announced that they had ordered a search of the email records of
Harvard administrators in order to identify whether individuals had leaked information to the media regarding the university's investigation of the
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present while focusing on history of diseases and
African-American feminism. In 1997, Hammond's article "Toward a Genealogy of Black Female Sexuality: The Problematic of Silence" was published in
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223:. She recalls that Jackson was, "the first black woman I ever met who was a physicist, and ... she went to MIT so that's how I pretty much decided that was the only place I wanted to go."
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198:. In 1976 she graduated from both universities with degrees in Physics and Electrical Engineering respectively. While she was an undergraduate, she spent two summers working at
170:, later moving to Harvard. In 2008, Hammonds was appointed dean, the first African-American and the first woman to head the college. She returned to full-time teaching in 2013.
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In April, Hammonds announced that her earlier statement had not been complete as she had failed to recollect a second email search, this time of the account of the specific
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Namesake of the
Harvard LGBTQ Students at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Association's "Evelynn Hammonds Award for Exceptional Service to BGLTQ+ Inclusion", 2021
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656:"Collection: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Black Women in the Academy: Defending Our Name, 1894-1994 conference records | MIT ArchivesSpace"
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at the time, and they visited the MIT campus together which impressed Hammonds and inspired her. Then, because of the Society of Physics Students at
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responsible for the leak. Hammonds did not inform Smith of this second search, violating the Faculty of Arts and Sciences' email privacy policy.
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a national conference convened at MIT in 1994 to address historical and contemporary issues faced by African-American women in academia.
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Harvard University. Before this, Hammonds had served as the first senior vice provost for Harvard's Faculty Development and Diversity.
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341:. Hammonds and Smith had asked the administrators whether or not they leaked any information to anybody, in response to
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Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Professor of the History of Science and Professor of African and African-American Studies
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601:"Lesson Plan, "The Black Scientific Renaissance of the 1970s-90s: African American Scientists at Bell Laboratories""
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History of Science, Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Public Health, in the 19th and 20th centuries, United States;
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742:"38 Harvard Faculty Sign Open Letter Questioning Results of Misconduct Investigations into Prof. John Comaroff"
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1081:"Evelynn Hammonds, eminent scholar on issues related to women of color in STEM, elected to Board of Trustees"
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154:(born 1953) is an American feminist and scholar. She is the Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Professor of the
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largely in part due to the comparison of black women to Victorian white women. Black women were seen as
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293:. White society thought that black female sexuality undermined the morals and values of their society.
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786:"3 graduate students file sexual harassment suit against prominent Harvard anthropology professor"
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Childhood's Deadly Scourge: The Campaign to Control Diphtheria in New York City, 1880 – 1930
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The Nature of Difference: Sciences of Race in the United States from Jefferson to Genomics
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Appointment to the Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine of the
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was during her work here that she was first published, and she became friends with
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876:"Revelation of Second Email Search Contradicts Administrators' Previous Statement"
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the individual responsible for disseminating these internal email communications.
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In February 2022, Hammonds was one of 38 Harvard faculty to sign a letter to the
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Dark Continent of Our Bodies: Black Feminism and the Politics of Respectability
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Founder's Award, Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights and Economic Justice, 2014
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Harvard Department of African and African American Studies faculty information
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573:"The History Makers Video Oral History Interview with Evelynn M. Hammonds"
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White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities
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Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Professorship at Harvard University, 2007
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Woman of Courage and Conviction Award, Greater Boston Chapter of the
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The Harvard Sampler: Liberal Education for the Twenty-first Century
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Spelman College Ida B. Wells-Barnett Distinguished Lecturer, 2013
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In 1995, Hammonds, together with other black feminists including
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Harvard Department of the History of Science faculty information
207:. Conrad took Hammonds up to Boston, as Conrad was a student at
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http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/evelynn-m-hammonds-40
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Harvard University Department of the History of Science: People
239:. In 1993, she graduated with a PhD in the History of Science.
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
1055:"10 from Harvard join American Academy of Arts & Sciences"
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Harvard Department of African and African American Studies
320:, out of concern that it would further black male sexism.
1029:"Award Named in Honor of AAAS Professor Evelynn Hammonds"
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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
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and Professor of African and African-American Studies at
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Black Women in the Academy: Defending Our Name 1894–1994
954:"Evelynn Hammonds to step down as Harvard College dean"
928:"Harvard Dean Who Handled E-Mail Searches to Step Down"
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where she enrolled in a joint engineering program with
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The Dilemma of Classification: The Past in the Present
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Election to the Bates College Board of Trustees, 2018
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Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
487:"National Academy of Medicine Elects 85 New Members"
826:. New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. 249–59.
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131:Race, Gender, and Science Studies, United States;
1201:Harvard University Department of History faculty
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489:. National Academy of Medicine. October 15, 2018
680:"Evelynn M. Hammonds, 1980 | MIT Black History"
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822:Price, Janet; Shildrick, Margrit (1997).
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16:American feminist and scholar (born 1953)
901:"To Rebuild Trust, Hammonds Must Resign"
468:Sigma Xi Distinguished Lecturer, 2003–05
1266:21st-century African-American academics
1256:20th-century African-American academics
1181:The History Makers: Evelynn M. Hammonds
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540:"Hammonds to step down as dean in July"
411:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
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226:Following graduation, she attended the
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1131:Simmons, Terrilyn (4 September 2013).
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824:Feminist Theory and the Body: A Reader
378:(1999, Johns Hopkins University Press)
278:Feminist Theory and the Body: A Reader
978:Keating, Michael B. (July 15, 2013).
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926:Perez-Pena, Richard (28 May 2013).
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874:Fandos, Nicholas (2 April 2013).
632:"Evelynn M. Hammonds's Biography"
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546:. Harvard University. 28 May 2013
1251:African-American women academics
1171:NSBP honors Dr. Evelynn Hammonds
453:Association for Women in Science
396:(2011, Rutgers University Press)
390:(2011, Harvard University Press)
324:E-mail search scandal at Harvard
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608:American Institute of Physics
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339:2012 Harvard cheating scandal
952:Staff, Globe (28 May 2013).
429:Distinguished Lecturer, 2016
328:In March 2013, Hammonds and
284:the early 19th century with
215:, Hammond was introduced to
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853:. Temple University Press.
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465:from Spelman College, 2004
427:History of Science Society
353:Allston Burr Resident Dean
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847:E. Frances White (2001).
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1004:"Evelynn M. Hammonds CV"
684:www.blackhistory.mit.edu
463:Doctor of Humane Letters
449:from Bates College, 2011
447:Doctor of Humane Letters
174:Early life and education
401:Honors and distinctions
152:Evelynn Maxine Hammonds
1206:Spelman College alumni
409:Elected member of the
188:National Merit Scholar
748:. The Harvard Crimson
717:"Evelynn M. Hammonds"
660:archivesspace.mit.edu
178:Hammonds was born in
162:, and former Dean of
702:The History Makers,
520:. Harvard University
514:"Evelynn M. Hammond"
370:Notable publications
263:defending Professor
190:, Hammonds attended
1241:People from Atlanta
1211:Georgia Tech alumni
905:The Harvard Crimson
880:The Harvard Crimson
790:www.bostonglobe.com
772:www.bostonglobe.com
359:The Harvard Crimson
217:Shirley Ann Jackson
86:Academic background
23:Evelynn M. Hammonds
1286:American feminists
1008:Harvard University
932:The New York Times
792:. The Boston Globe
774:. The Boston Globe
746:www.thecrimson.com
580:The History Makers
237:Harvard University
160:Harvard University
156:History of Science
141:Harvard University
95:Harvard University
69:Professor, scholar
1107:"Founders' Award"
1087:. 1 February 2018
860:978-1-56639-880-0
636:The HistoryMakers
384:(2008, MIT Press)
318:Million Man March
314:Kimberlé Crenshaw
209:Wellesley College
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