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115:. He was noted for his numerous caricature sketches, and was the "inventor of a revolutionary and anticonformist way of performing". Petrolini is also remembered for having created the "futurista" character Fortunello. His contribution to the history of Italian theater is now widely acknowledged, especially with regard to his influence on 20th century comedy. His iconic character Gastone became a
555:
31:
546:. On 19 July 1943, during the first bombing of Rome, his tomb – a rectangular chapel – was hit, breaking the marble bust and severely damaging the coffin containing the remains of the actor. The renovated tomb bears the epitaph "Dalla bocca tua cantò l'anima di Roma" ("The soul of Rome sang from your mouth").
534:
character – first created by
Petrolini in 1917 – may actually have influenced Mussolini's own mannerisms. Although a public supporter of the regime, Petrolini did not refrain from satire, including a famously disrespectful rejoinder after Mussolini had presented him with
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In 1903, Petrolini began performing in Rome at variety theaters and café-chantants, where he provided parodies of renowned nineteenth-century actors, silent movie and opera divas, rhetorical addresses, and even of the variety theater itself. In the same year, when aged 19, he met Ines
Colapietro, who
443:, in 1924. Gastone was both a parody of the stars of the declining world of silent films and of singers of the time, such as Gino Franzi, with their repertory of dramatic songs lamenting sad farewells and unrequited loves. Another character that started as a skit – "l'Antico romano" – was
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and grandson of a carpenter. He had a difficult relationship with father, who was a strict moralist, but was close to his mother, who supported him both emotionally and financially when he decided to embrace a performing career. He attended theaters in Rome as a boy, improvising for fun. His first
426:
inspired by Pietro
Capanna, whom Petrolini called "my master"). Petrolini wrote: "Imitation is not art because if it were there would be art even in monkeys and parrots. The art is to deform." A characteristic of his art was the continuous reworking of the characters he created, giving them the
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theater in Rome, along with her sister Tina. Ettore and Ines formed the comic duo Loris-Petrolini, performing together until the summer of 1911. In May 1907 in Genoa, Ettore and Ines were invited by the impresario
Charles Séguin to tour South America. They performed in theaters and cafes in
178:, appendicitis forced him to leave the stage for a month. After an emergency operation and a period of convalescence, his comeback was triumphant, with many theatrical artists giving up their pay in his favor. In a single evening, Petrolini once earned four thousand
234:("While the audience laughs"), starring Petrolini (in his film debut) and Niny Dinelli. Petrolini developed an anti-Dannunzian position, something which was appreciated by the Futurists, and thus he put on exhibit during his variety sketches.
360:. In these last two works, Petrolinian drama reached its peak, as irreverence gave way to more mature depictions, both bitter and compassionate, of human weakness. Now famous, Petrolini left Italy for a series of tours abroad, first to
148:. At the age of 13, Petrolini attended reform school as he bitterly recalls in his memoirs. When 15, he decided to leave home to pursue a career in the theater. In 1900, he participated in a show at the "Pietro Cossa Theater" on the
213:
who called
Fortunello "the most difficult to analyze of all Petrolini's masterpieces." Petrolini was so flattered by the admiration of the Futurists that he participated in some of their public events performing texts of Marinetti,
459:), or declaim verses to a musical accompaniment. Petrolini was often an interpreter, and sometimes also the author, of popular songs of the day, many of which were released as records. One of the biggest hits of 1926 was
471:, which evokes an uncomplicated vision of life. The song quickly came to symbolize a way of life that was felt to be characteristically Roman – it was later recorded by many well known Roman artists, such as
406:, he was the "inventor of a revolutionary and anticonformist way of performing". He was famous for his many caricature sketches, and he developed a repertoire of caricatural characters of proven success, as in
619:
193:. It was a great success and, after two seasons at the Teatro Jovinelli, the "Sala Umberto" company signed an exclusive three-year contract with him. In 1915, he formed his stage company, the
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became both his professional and personal companion for many years, as well as the mother of his two children. Ines, who was at the time only 15 years old, was hired as a singer by the
467: – written by Franco Silvestri and performed (and arranged) by Petrolini. His most famous song, originally recorded in 1932, with music by Alberto Simeoni, is undoubtedly
289:, and also featuring Criner in the part of Poppea. The film featured some of Petrolini's most famous interpretations: Gastone, Nerone, Pulcinella. The same year he starred in
330:
In addition to films, he continued to make many short versions of stage plays. Petrolini's work as a playwright became richer and more complex over the years: from the first
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107:(13 January 1884 – 29 June 1936) was an Italian stage and film actor, playwright, screenwriter and novelist. He is considered one of the most important figures of
455:
Music played a key role in
Petrolini's theatrical style and is an important ingredient in many of his comedies. Many of his characters sing songs and ditties (
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874:
182:. After Rio, Petrolini remained a few months longer in South America. He returned for other tours in 1909 and 1911-1912, also appearing in Mexico and Cuba.
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542:, he died aged 52, in Rome, on 29 June 1936. The corpse, dressed in a tailcoat of his celebrated character Gastone, was buried at the Cemetery of
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When the priest presented the oil for the extreme unction, Petrolini is said to have exclaimed "Now I really am fried!" (i.e. "done for").
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226:("Radioscopy of a duet"), a one-act play co-written with the Futurist writer and painter Francesco Cangiullo in 1918. The following year,
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447:, who developed as a parody both of imperial political rhetoric and of the emphatic declamatory style of the "great actors" of the day.
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Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil, enjoying great success everywhere and becoming a household name in the capitals. While
Petrolini was in
376:, and then, in 1934, to London, Berlin, and Paris. In Paris, he obtained what he considered the highest honor: an invitation to stage
2308:
2153:
Parole per ricordare: dizionario della memoria collettiva, usi evocativi, allusivi, metonimici e antonomastici della lingua italiana
400:
Petrolini is considered one of the most influential figures in
Italian avanspettacolo, vaudeville and revue. According to the
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1997:
1963:
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388:, in Berlin at the Kurfürstendamm Theater, and in Vienna at the Komödie Theater, where his burlesque impression of
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s July 1934 issue, Petrolini has 94 close-ups, in a variety of poses, expressions, and emotional interpretations.
275:. In the 1920s, he also met Elma Criner, who became his companion and later his wife. In 1930, with the advent of
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in
Italian for a certain type of artistic snob and ladies man (and later for a man kissed by fortune, after the
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348:
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590:
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From the 1920s, Petrolini's repertoire was enriched with a series of plays by
Italian authors such as
605:, the man who is thought to have provided the original inspiration for Petrolini's iconic character.
210:
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Back from a successful tour in South America, Petrolini was hired in 1910 by Giuseppe Jovinelli for
1757:
The History of Italian Cinema: A Guide to Italian Film from Its Origins to the Twenty-First Century
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365:
1955:
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334:(i.e. comic musical monologues caricaturing stock characters), to the successful one-act plays
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145:
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Born in Rome on 13 January 1884, Petrolini was the fourth of six children of a blacksmith from
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1888:
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profile and texture of real comedy characters. This was the case of Gastone, the subject of a
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1987:
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in Italian for a certain type of stagey snob. His satirical caricature of the Roman Emperor
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Petrolini habitually took two years off his real age and claimed he was born in 1886.
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Drammaturgia e arte totale: l'avanguardia internazionale − autori, teorie, opere
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caricature was widely perceived as a parody of the dictator. As noted by the critic
2020:
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was released, starring Alberto Sordi. The film was directed by Sordi's old friend
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Petrolini influenced future generations of Italian comic actors, including
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263:, adapted by Petrolini himself. In 1925, he took his stage adaptation of
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in Piazza Guglielmo Pepe that had opened in 1909 with a performance by
149:
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201:, that led to the debut of one of Petrolini's most famous characters,
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1890:
50 anni di storia della televisione attraverso la stampa settimanale
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435:, subsequently performed on several occasions and developed into a
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152:. Later, he performed in small, provincial theaters and in some
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538:
Forced to quit the stage in 1935 following a severe attack of
255:, Renato Simoni, Roberto Bracco, Luigi Antonelli, Ugo Ojetti,
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361:
112:
384:, the temple of Molière. He also performed in London at the
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was rendered in Italian as "Gastone Paperone"). In 1960, a
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Petrolini's sympathies for, and impertinences towards, the
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1893:(in Italian). GRECO & GRECO Editori. pp. 241–.
2181:(in Italian). Rome: Gremese Editore. pp. 145–147.
1791:
Entrances & Exits: A Life in and Out of the Theatre
279:, Petrolini returned to the cinema as a protagonist of
1950:
Projecting the Past: Ancient Rome, Cinema, and History
1588:
Twentieth-century Italian Drama: The first fifty years
518:
were complex. Petrolini was admired and befriended by
307:
was released the following year in a double bill with
2115:
1591:. Columbia University Press. pp. 53, 55, 609–.
195:
Compagnia dei grandi spettacoli di varietà Petrolini
2255:
at the Burcardo Library and Museum of Theater, Rome
503:, rebuilt after the original was hit in an air raid
313:, Campogalliania and Petronelli's spoof version of
2024:
1947:
1662:
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1654:
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2151:Castoldi, Massimo; Salvi, Ugo (2003). "Gastone".
2144:
1886:
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565:(1960) inspired by Petrolini's original creation
418:(a parody of the leading character in a play by
2319:20th-century Italian dramatists and playwrights
2155:(in Italian). Bologna: Zanichelli. p. 166.
2027:My Father, Il Duce: A Memoir by Mussolini's Son
1749:
1747:
1649:
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1732:(in Italian). Fondazione Ente dello Spettacolo
1004:di Ferrante Alvaro De Torres e Alberto Simeoni
628:
487:, who had a major commercial success with it.
2150:
2013:
1979:
1880:
1815:
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1825:Italy: Be Fluent in Italian Life and Culture
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1760:. Princeton University Press. pp. 87–.
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123:(created in 1917 and later the subject of a
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1209:di Giovanni Cesare Pascucci e Augusto Topai
431:titled "Il bell'Arturo" in the 1915 revue
1794:. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 108–.
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1429:
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29:
2090:"Il debutto di Ettore Petrolini a Parigi"
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2019:
1985:
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1821:
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1566:, Roma, Fermenti Editrice, 2011, page 200
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82:Actor, playwright, novelist, screenwriter
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1939:
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1203:di Armando Discepolo e Rafael J. De Rosa
620:Biblioteca e Museo teatrale del Burcardo
553:
494:
299:, based on the play of the same name by
236:
2314:Italian male dramatists and playwrights
1920:
1528:
1424:
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1331:
1109:Le esperienze di Giovanni Arce filosofo
395:
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1635:
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507:In 1923, Petrolini was initiated into
144:performances were in the sideshows on
127:) was widely perceived as a parody of
1828:. Thorogood Publishing. p. 182.
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2168:
1945:
1669:. Indiana University Press. p.
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1992:(in Italian). Rizzoli. p. 38.
1822:Whittaker, Andrew (30 April 2010).
1535:. Rubbettino Editore. p. 246.
608:
230:directed a film based on the play,
13:
2294:20th-century Italian screenwriters
2279:Italian dramatists and playwrights
222:. The collaboration culminated in
98:Oreste Petrolini, Renato Petrolini
14:
2345:
2324:20th-century Italian male writers
2233:
1857:Storia del Teatro popolare Romano
1697:. Ayer Publishing. pp. 85–.
1491:
1477:"Petrolini, un idiota di talento"
414:(1907). His characters included
2309:20th-century Italian male actors
1874:Al mio pubblico: scritti postumi
1564:Enciclopedia dei Loris-Petrolini
1397:The epitaph is a quotation from
490:
197:, with whom he staged the revue
2081:
1914:
1865:
1859:, Roma, Colombo, 1958, p. 426.
1849:
1718:
1391:
1382:
1146:La regina ha mangiato la foglia
1113:Pier Maria Rosso di San Secondo
483:and, most prominently perhaps,
241:Petrolini starring in the film
1626:
1556:
1475:Ajello, Nello (18 July 2006).
1373:
1347:The Doctor in Spite of Himself
916:Il padiglione delle meraviglie
349:Il padiglione delle meraviglie
134:
1:
1754:Brunetta, Gian Piero (2009).
356:("Blessed among women"), and
342:to the late comedies such as
1661:MacClintock, Lander (1951).
1445:Dizionario-Biografico online
945:Adaptations of other authors
561:interpreting Gastone in the
16:Italian actor and playwright
7:
1986:Mussolini, Rachele (2011).
1479:(in Italian). La Repubblica
629:Impersonations and parodies
10:
2350:
2299:Italian male screenwriters
2198:
1921:Seganti, Giuseppe (2004).
1887:Massimo Emanuelli (2004).
1872:Petrolini, Ettore (1937).
1030:, traduzione di E. Corradi
794:
392:was considered hilarious.
2269:Italian male stage actors
1855:Bragaglia, Anton Giulio:
1788:Houghton, Norris (1991).
910:- Bologna, 14 aprile 1924
549:
211:Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
163:
94:
86:
78:
62:
40:
28:
21:
2274:Italian male film actors
2205:Calò, Annamaria (1989).
2169:Fava, Claudio G (2003).
2088:Coccia, Michele (2010).
2031:. Kales Press. pp.
1412:dedicated to Petrolini.
1118:Un guasto nell'ascensore
1049:È arrivato l'accordatore
844:
450:
410:, a parody portrayal of
224:Radioscopia di un duetto
35:Ettore Petrolini in 1934
1876:(in Italian). Ceschina.
1529:Verdone, Mario (2005).
1506:Encyclopædia Britannica
733:Ma l'amor mio non muore
696:Divorzio al parmiggiano
581:. His Gastone became a
403:Encyclopædia Britannica
232:Mentre il pubblico ride
2329:Italian male comedians
2132:(in Italian). Treccani
1954:. Routledge. pp.
1447:(in Italian). Treccani
1076:I fratelli Castiglioni
923:Benedetto fra le donne
820:Dove andremo a finire?
681:Il conte d'Acquafresca
566:
504:
463: – also known as
461:Una gita a li castelli
354:Benedetto fra le donne
248:
2304:Male actors from Rome
2097:Strenna dei Romanisti
1665:The Age of Pirandello
1282:La trovata di Paolino
1168:Le médecin malgré lui
1154:di Arnaldo Fraccaroli
1078:di Alberto Colantuoni
967:di Cipriano Giachetti
563:film of the same name
557:
498:
422:) and Sor Capanna (a
320:Le Médecin malgré lui
240:
146:Piazza Guglielmo Pepe
2249:Petrolini Foundation
2128:Treccani Vocabolario
2064:"E io me ne fregio!"
1946:Wyke, Maria (1997).
1694:As They Seemed to Me
1691:Ojetti, Ugo (1927).
1585:House, Jane (1995).
1363:Notes and references
1332:Selected filmography
1158:Maritiamo la suocera
1044:Fausto Maria Martini
881:Cento de 'sti giorni
778:Stornelli maltusiani
728:Isabella e Beniamino
499:Petrolini's tomb in
396:Imitation and parody
301:Fausto Maria Martini
261:Fausto Maria Martini
156:with the stage name
2334:Comedians from Rome
2211:. La Nuova Italia.
1989:Mia nonna e il Duce
1438:"Petrolini, Ettore"
1326:di Giovanni Tonelli
1284:di Renzo Martinelli
1245:di Corrado D'Errico
1164:Il medico per forza
1028:Jean de la Fontaine
980:L'avvocato Bonafede
939:- mai rappresentata
900:Farsa di Pulcinella
875:Francesco Cangiullo
378:Il medico per forza
310:Il Medico per forza
297:Carlo Campogalliani
287:Alessandro Blasetti
244:Il Medico per forza
1726:"Medico per forza"
1562:Calcagni, Andrea.
1502:"Ettore Petrolini"
1299:di Enrico Serretta
1227:di Augusto Novelli
1152:Ma non lo nominare
1101:di Augusto Jandolo
1095:di Augusto Jandolo
1070:La fortuna di Cecè
1036:di Augusto Novelli
1024:La coupe enchantée
1020:La coppa incantata
993:Il barone di Corbò
965:L'amante legittimo
888:47 morto che parla
883:con Checco Durante
636:L'Amante dei fiori
615:Archivio Petrolini
567:
522:, even though his
505:
249:
2218:978-88-221-0740-4
2188:978-88-8440-257-8
2175:di Mario Bonnard"
2042:978-0-9670076-8-7
2021:Mussolini, Romano
1999:978-88-586-2199-8
1965:978-0-415-90614-2
1900:978-88-7980-346-5
1835:978-1-85418-628-7
1801:978-0-87910-144-2
1767:978-0-691-11988-5
1704:978-0-8369-0751-3
1598:978-0-231-07118-5
1542:978-88-498-1082-0
1436:Di Palma, Guido.
1314:di Piero Ottolini
1297:Tutto si accomoda
1099:Giovacchino Belli
1010:di Giulio Svetoni
382:Comédie Française
220:Emilio Settimelli
111:, vaudeville and
102:
101:
2341:
2240:Ettore Petrolini
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2227:
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2208:Ettore Petrolini
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1925:. Atanòr, 2005.
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1303:Uno degli onesti
1288:Tutti in cantina
1272:di Ugo Chiarelli
1264:Teodoro è stanco
1221:di Ugo Romagnoli
1188:di Paola Riccora
1148:di Gildo Passini
1122:André Mouëzy-Éon
1055:Elogio del furto
1051:di Paola Riccora
960:Luigi Pirandello
956:Lumie di Sicilia
936:Il metropolitano
803:Venite a sentire
763:Il prestigiatore
656:Baciami, baciami
609:Theatrical works
591:Gladstone Gander
528:Oreste Del Buono
433:Venite a sentire
366:Italian colonies
269:Lumie di Sicilia
265:Luigi Pirandello
191:Raffaele Viviani
129:Benito Mussolini
105:Ettore Petrolini
69:
50:
48:
33:
23:Ettore Petrolini
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18:
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1632:Calcagni, p. 58
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2003:. Retrieved
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1969:. Retrieved
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1481:. Retrieved
1449:. Retrieved
1441:
1418:
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1401:, a play by
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1320:di Gian Capo
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157:
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104:
103:
68:(1936-06-29)
66:29 June 1936
2289:1936 deaths
2284:1884 births
1623:Calò, p. 59
1406: [
1399:Ghetanaccio
1249:Scarfarotto
1215:di G. Nancy
1092:Ghetanaccio
933:1934-1935:
871:Radioscopia
587:Donald Duck
509:Freemasonry
437:tragicomedy
424:cantastorie
277:sound films
216:Bruno Corra
187:his theater
141:Ronciglione
135:Early years
90:Elma Criner
73:Rome, Italy
2263:Categories
2253:Exhibition
2136:16 October
2068:Rai Storia
1646:Calò, p.79
1419:References
1266:di Max Nel
1255:Lo sfratto
1192:Mille lire
1160:di Colorno
1086:Ugo Ojetti
894:Donnaiuolo
831:Senza sugo
768:I Salamini
717:Fortunello
589:character
332:macchiette
203:Fortunello
150:Trastevere
47:1884-01-13
2123:"Gastone"
2103:: 191–199
1355:Courtyard
1324:Zio prete
1318:Zeffirino
1219:Patalocco
1207:Ottobrata
1186:Mi uccido
743:Napoleone
651:Archimede
535:a medal.
520:Mussolini
374:Cyrenaica
325:Scenario'
317:'s farce
271:, called
207:Futurists
171:Gambrinus
125:1930 film
2073:4 August
2023:(2006).
1443:Treccani
1142:di Toddi
1082:Garofano
1034:Coraggio
1016:di Yambo
788:Il Turco
758:Il poeta
686:Il Cuoco
623:, Rome.
613:Source:
364:and the
209:such as
95:Children
2224:24 July
2199:Sources
2173:Gastone
2107:25 July
2048:30 July
2005:30 July
1971:30 July
1906:29 July
1841:24 July
1807:29 July
1773:29 July
1736:25 July
1710:29 July
1676:24 July
1604:29 July
1548:24 July
1511:24 July
1483:30 July
1451:25 July
1237:Pinelli
1201:Mustafà
1172:Molière
1040:Cortile
984:Congedo
907:Gastone
795:Reviews
753:I piedi
617:at the
599:Gastone
441:Gastone
380:at the
344:Gastone
315:Molière
305:Cortile
292:Cortile
57:, Italy
2215:
2185:
2130:online
2039:
1996:
1962:
1958:–131.
1929:
1897:
1832:
1798:
1764:
1701:
1595:
1539:
1358:(1931)
1350:(1931)
1342:(1930)
1339:Nerone
1014:Cometa
927:1931:
921:1927:
913:1924:
904:1924:
898:1923:
892:192.:
886:1918:
879:1918:
869:1918:
863:1917:
857:1917:
853:Nerone
851:1917:
836:1916:
825:1916:
818:1916:
808:1915:
801:1915:
676:Cirano
641:Amleto
583:byword
550:Legacy
544:Verano
532:Nerone
530:, the
524:Nerone
445:Nerone
390:Hamlet
282:Nerone
247:(1931)
164:Career
117:byword
87:Spouse
2093:(PDF)
2035:–94.
1410:]
1368:Notes
1276:I tre
845:Plays
706:Faust
465:Nanni
451:Songs
412:Faust
362:Cairo
323:. In
113:revue
2251:and
2244:IMDb
2226:2012
2213:ISBN
2183:ISBN
2138:2013
2109:2018
2101:LXXI
2075:2012
2050:2012
2037:ISBN
2007:2012
1994:ISBN
1973:2012
1960:ISBN
1927:ISBN
1908:2012
1895:ISBN
1843:2012
1830:ISBN
1809:2012
1796:ISBN
1775:2012
1762:ISBN
1738:2018
1712:2012
1699:ISBN
1678:2012
1606:2012
1593:ISBN
1550:2012
1537:ISBN
1513:2012
1485:2012
1453:2018
873:con
812:con
577:and
429:skit
372:and
338:and
218:and
180:lire
121:Nero
63:Died
55:Rome
41:Born
2242:at
1956:130
1671:110
1305:di
1290:di
1257:di
1194:di
1179:di
1170:di
1166:da
1133:di
1129:da
1120:by
1111:di
1107:da
1084:di
1063:di
1042:di
1026:di
1022:da
995:di
986:di
982:da
973:di
958:di
954:da
829:(o
597:of
368:of
295:by
285:by
267:'s
2265::
2177:.
2161:^
2125:.
2095:.
2033:93
1746:^
1728:.
1651:^
1637:^
1614:^
1571:^
1521:^
1504:.
1493:^
1461:^
1440:.
1426:^
1408:it
573:,
511:.
479:,
475:,
439:,
352:,
346:,
303:.
259:,
160:.
2228:.
2191:.
2171:"
2140:.
2111:.
2077:.
2052:.
2009:.
1975:.
1935:.
1910:.
1845:.
1811:.
1777:.
1740:.
1714:.
1680:.
1608:.
1552:.
1515:.
1487:.
1455:.
712:)
708:(
49:)
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
