459:
2307:
447:
40:
476:
55:
2327:
186:
of each ethmoid bone and are variable in both size and number. The cells are grouped into anterior, middle, and posterior groups; the groups differ in their drainage modalities, though all ultimately drain into either the
182:. Unlike the other three pairs of paranasal sinuses which consist of one or two large cavities, the ethmoidal sinuses entail a number of small air-filled cavities ("air cells"). The cells are located within the
458:
427:
Acute ethmoiditis in childhood and ethmoidal carcinoma may spread superiorly causing meningitis and cerebrospinal fluid leakage or it may spread laterally into the orbit causing
419:
A central Onodi air cell is a variation in which a posterior ethmoid cell lies superior to the sphenoid sinus in a midline position with at least one optic canal bulge.
142:
322:
207:
that represent invaginations of the mucous membrane of the nasal wall into the ethmoid bone. They are situated between the superior parts of the
557:
416:, so surgeons should be aware of their existence when performing surgery on the sphenoid sinus so as not to damage these important structures.
902:
118:
446:
1983:
936:
290:
The ethmoidal labyrinth is divided by multiple obliquely oriented, parallel lamellae. The first lamellae is equivalent to the
703:
533:
2332:
2257:
1859:
1743:
778:"Anatomy and Variations of Onodi Cells and Haller Cells: A HRCT Cum Clinical Analysis in Sinonasal Disease and Polyposis"
400:
Also known as a sphenoethmoidal air cell, an Onodi cell is a posterior ethmoidal air cell that lies superolateral to the
1542:
1381:
593:
1462:
1444:
1391:
1275:
1883:
291:
1059:
1037:
983:
17:
1878:
1111:
326:
1660:
1506:
686:
Hechl, Peter S.; Setliff, Reuben C.; Tschabitscher, Manfred (1997). "The ethmoid bone and middle turbinate".
137:
230:
are present at birth. At birth, 3-4 air cells are present, with the number increasing to 5-15 by adulthood.
2342:
1715:
1302:
1268:
1939:
1683:
1602:
1047:
485:
2297:
1976:
1944:
929:
342:
75:
1728:
1723:
1518:
1469:
1433:
1315:
1042:
993:
908:
405:
360:
338:
149:
101:
2262:
2023:
1775:
1705:
413:
2347:
2149:
2134:
2018:
1780:
1695:
1619:
389:
274:
248:
218:
There are 5-15 air cells in either ethmoid bone in the adult, with a combined volume of 2-3mL.
125:
113:
2267:
2110:
2100:
2038:
1969:
1896:
1808:
1678:
1376:
922:
299:
188:
363:, which carry the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers for mucous secretion from the
2095:
2033:
2028:
1921:
1891:
1523:
1479:
1366:
1258:
314:
183:
313:). It is one of the bony divisions of the ethmoid bone and is mostly contained inside the
8:
2105:
1906:
1700:
1511:
1241:
1119:
509:
Illustrated
Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Fehrenbach and Herring, Elsevier, 2012, page 64
318:
259:
204:
192:
2306:
2337:
1852:
1813:
1642:
1361:
1032:
966:
867:
834:
810:
777:
753:
720:
551:
2284:
2212:
2180:
1792:
1614:
1597:
1592:
1550:
1474:
1353:
1184:
1174:
1084:
1067:
872:
854:
815:
797:
758:
740:
699:
651:
589:
539:
529:
490:
2328:
Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
408:. Onodi cells are clinically significant because they lie in close proximity to the
2225:
2198:
2159:
2154:
2012:
1842:
1688:
1673:
1650:
1629:
1624:
1489:
1419:
1371:
1330:
1231:
1218:
1124:
1099:
1003:
862:
846:
805:
789:
748:
732:
691:
385:
354:
346:
278:
2220:
2065:
1901:
1787:
1758:
1609:
1404:
1399:
1320:
1310:
1285:
1189:
1094:
1072:
1015:
381:
270:
227:
212:
179:
106:
45:
695:
2311:
2272:
1763:
1637:
1429:
1424:
1226:
1199:
1140:
1077:
957:
793:
643:
401:
208:
543:
2321:
2230:
2139:
1911:
1587:
1582:
1564:
1494:
1452:
1414:
1408:
1344:
1325:
1290:
1194:
1179:
1166:
988:
858:
833:
Cherla, Deepa V.; Tomovic, Senja; Liu, James K.; Eloy, Jean
Anderson (2013).
801:
744:
481:
377:
295:
244:
130:
1961:
914:
736:
615:
Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck
Surgery, Anniko, Springer, 2010, page 188
2190:
2175:
2117:
2091:
2050:
1847:
1827:
1457:
1209:
1020:
998:
945:
876:
850:
819:
762:
655:
523:
364:
175:
528:. K. Bo Foreman, Kurt H. Albertine (2nd ed.). New York. p. 246.
298:, and the third is the basal lamella, and the fourth is equivalent to the
2245:
2006:
1733:
949:
409:
329:
while the posterior part attaches into the orbital lamina horizontally.
39:
2144:
1992:
1263:
721:"Infraorbital ethmoid (Haller's) cells: a panoramic radiographic study"
673:
Moore, K.L Et al(2014). Clinically
Oriented Anatomy. Baltimore: Page960
203:
The ethmoid air cells consist of numerous thin-walled cavities in the
155:
1150:
428:
835:"The central Onodi cell: A previously unreported anatomic variation"
642:
Cappello, Zachary J.; Minutello, Katrina; Dublin, Arthur B. (2023),
392:. These may arise from the anterior or posterior ethmoidal sinuses.
1530:
1246:
452:
Ethmoid sinus. Ethmoidal air cells. Deep dissection. Superior view.
432:
2279:
2249:
2070:
588:(6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 968.
2075:
1145:
215:, and are separated from these cavities by thin bony lamellae.
305:
The anterior and posterior ethmoid cells are separated by the
979:
584:
Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, Anne M. R. (2017).
337:
The ethmoidal air cells receive sensory innervation from the
87:
70:
782:
Indian
Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery
54:
685:
317:. The basal lamella is continuous medially with the bony
641:
464:
Ethmoid sinus cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes
905:
at Human
Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
2295:
832:
718:
327:orbital lamina of ethmoid bone (lamina papyricea)
2319:
776:Srinivas, C. V.; Kauser, Safina (October 2022).
644:"Anatomy, Head and Neck, Nose Paranasal Sinuses"
376:Haller cells are air cells situated beneath the
1533:in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone)
889:Human Anatomy, Jacobs, Elsevier, 2008, page 210
650:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
583:
775:
719:Raina, A; Guledgud, M V; Patil, K (May 2012).
325:; the middle part attaches obliquely into the
1991:
1977:
944:
930:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
345:nerve (which are ultimately derived from the
321:. Anteriorly, it vertically inserts into the
688:Endoscopic Anatomy of the Paranasal Sinuses
1984:
1970:
937:
923:
564:
556:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
53:
38:
866:
809:
752:
388:, including air cells located within the
195:of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
422:
277:; sometimes, one or more opens into the
243:drain (directly or indirectly) into the
681:
679:
14:
2320:
521:
480:This article incorporates text in the
27:Air-filled space near the nasal cavity
1965:
918:
384:and the most inferior portion of the
911:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
676:
637:
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
611:
609:
607:
605:
517:
515:
505:
503:
438:
2258:Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
24:
690:. Springer Vienna. pp. 9–28.
226:The ethmoidal cells (sinuses) and
59:Coronal section of nasal cavities.
25:
2359:
896:
618:
602:
512:
500:
2305:
474:
457:
445:
359:and the orbital branches of the
292:uncinate process of ethmoid bone
1038:Internal occipital protuberance
984:External occipital protuberance
883:
826:
371:
769:
712:
667:
525:The Big Picture: Gross Anatomy
395:
332:
221:
13:
1:
469:
294:, the second corresponds the
725:Dentomaxillofacial Radiology
198:
7:
1603:Posterior clinoid processes
1048:Groove for transverse sinus
696:10.1007/978-3-7091-6536-2_2
488:of the 20th edition of
404:, often extending into the
285:
233:
178:are one of the four paired
10:
2364:
2333:Bones of the head and neck
794:10.1007/s12070-021-02828-x
586:Essential Clinical Anatomy
2244:
2211:
2189:
2168:
2084:
2058:
2049:
1999:
1993:Anatomy of the human nose
1920:
1868:
1835:
1826:
1801:
1742:
1714:
1659:
1572:
1563:
1541:
1443:
1390:
1352:
1343:
1301:
1217:
1208:
1165:
1133:
1110:
1058:
965:
956:
522:Morton, David A. (2019).
267:posterior ethmoidal cells
148:
136:
124:
112:
100:
86:
81:
76:Posterior ethmoidal nerve
69:
64:
52:
37:
32:
1729:Anterior clinoid process
1724:Superior orbital fissure
1470:Internal auditory meatus
1316:Fossa for lacrimal gland
1043:Internal occipital crest
994:External occipital crest
909:Anatomy photo:33:st-0711
903:Anatomy figure: 33:04-07
406:anterior clinoid process
361:pterygopalatine ganglion
269:drain directly into the
258:drain directly into the
241:anterior ethmoidal cells
184:lateral mass (labyrinth)
150:Anatomical terms of bone
2263:Salpingopharyngeal fold
1706:Sulcus of auditory tube
839:Allergy & Rhinology
414:internal carotid artery
355:trigeminal nerve (CN V)
347:ophthalmic branch (CN V
2150:Ethmoidal infundibulum
2135:Sphenoethmoidal recess
1620:Middle clinoid process
851:10.2500/ar.2013.4.0047
788:(Suppl 2): 1683–1689.
380:along the roof of the
275:sphenoethmoidal recess
256:middle ethmoidal cells
249:ethmoidal infundibulum
95:labyrinthi ethmoidales
93:cellulae ethmoidales,
2268:Salpingopalatine fold
2111:Inferior nasal concha
2101:Superior nasal concha
1897:Superior nasal concha
1377:Petrotympanic fissure
737:10.1259/dmfr/22999207
423:Clinical significance
300:superior nasal concha
271:superior nasal meatus
2096:Supreme nasal concha
1892:Supreme nasal concha
1524:Petrosquamous suture
1480:Stylomastoid foramen
1367:Suprameatal triangle
1259:Supraorbital foramen
390:ethmoid infundibulum
2343:Otorhinolaryngology
2106:Middle nasal concha
1907:Middle nasal concha
1860:Perpendicular plate
1701:Infratemporal crest
1242:Superciliary arches
1120:Pharyngeal tubercle
343:posterior ethmoidal
319:middle nasal concha
309:(also known as the
260:middle nasal meatus
245:middle nasal meatus
205:ethmoidal labyrinth
193:middle nasal meatus
2226:Sphenoidal sinuses
1935:ethmoidal foramina
1853:Olfactory foramina
1814:Sphenoidal conchae
1651:Sphenoidal sinuses
1643:Sphenoidal lingula
1362:Articular tubercle
1033:Cruciform eminence
2293:
2292:
2285:Pharyngeal recess
2280:Pharyngeal tonsil
2213:Paranasal sinuses
2207:
2206:
2181:Vomeronasal organ
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1822:
1821:
1648:Anterior surface:
1615:Chiasmatic groove
1598:Hypophysial fossa
1593:Tuberculum sellae
1580:Superior surface:
1559:
1558:
1551:Suprameatal spine
1507:Inferior tympanic
1475:Cochlear aqueduct
1382:Zygomatic process
1339:
1338:
1276:Zygomatic process
1175:Parietal eminence
1161:
1160:
1085:Hypoglossal canal
705:978-3-7091-7345-9
535:978-1-259-86264-9
439:Additional images
315:ethmoid labyrinth
228:maxillary sinuses
180:paranasal sinuses
172:ethmoid air cells
164:
163:
159:
46:paranasal sinuses
16:(Redirected from
2355:
2310:
2309:
2301:
2199:Olfactory mucosa
2160:Maxillary hiatus
2155:Semilunar hiatus
2056:
2055:
2013:nasal cartilages
1986:
1979:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1884:Uncinate process
1843:Cribriform plate
1833:
1832:
1771:pterygoid plates
1635:Lateral surface:
1625:Petrosal process
1570:
1569:
1490:Subarcuate fossa
1420:Occipital groove
1372:Mandibular fossa
1350:
1349:
1331:Frontonasal duct
1232:Frontal eminence
1215:
1214:
1185:Parietal foramen
1100:Jugular tubercle
1004:Suprainiac fossa
963:
962:
939:
932:
925:
916:
915:
890:
887:
881:
880:
870:
830:
824:
823:
813:
773:
767:
766:
756:
716:
710:
709:
683:
674:
671:
665:
664:
663:
662:
639:
616:
613:
600:
599:
581:
562:
561:
555:
547:
519:
510:
507:
478:
477:
461:
449:
386:lamina papyracea
368:
279:sphenoidal sinus
156:edit on Wikidata
153:
57:
44:Frontal view of
42:
30:
29:
21:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2304:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2240:
2221:Maxillary sinus
2203:
2185:
2164:
2080:
2066:Nasal vestibule
2045:
1995:
1990:
1960:
1951:
1916:
1902:Superior meatus
1876:Lateral surface
1864:
1818:
1797:
1788:Pterygoid canal
1745:
1738:
1710:
1655:
1610:Ethmoidal spine
1555:
1537:
1519:Styloid process
1439:
1405:Mastoid process
1400:Mastoid foramen
1386:
1335:
1321:Trochlear fovea
1311:Ethmoidal notch
1297:
1286:Sagittal sulcus
1204:
1190:Sagittal sulcus
1157:
1129:
1106:
1095:Jugular process
1073:Condyloid fossa
1054:
952:
943:
899:
894:
893:
888:
884:
831:
827:
774:
770:
717:
713:
706:
684:
677:
672:
668:
660:
658:
640:
619:
614:
603:
596:
582:
565:
549:
548:
536:
520:
513:
508:
501:
475:
472:
465:
462:
453:
450:
441:
425:
398:
382:maxillary sinus
374:
358:
350:
335:
288:
236:
224:
201:
168:ethmoid sinuses
160:
94:
60:
48:
28:
23:
22:
18:Ethmoidal cells
15:
12:
11:
5:
2361:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2315:
2314:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2273:Torus tubarius
2270:
2265:
2254:
2252:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1966:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:Medial surface
1886:
1881:
1879:Orbital lamina
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1839:
1837:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1750:
1748:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1665:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1640:
1638:Carotid groove
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1576:
1574:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1430:Mastoid antrum
1427:
1425:Sigmoid sulcus
1422:
1417:
1412:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1234:
1229:
1227:Frontal suture
1223:
1221:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1200:Sagittal crest
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1141:Foramen magnum
1137:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1078:Condylar canal
1075:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
971:
969:
960:
954:
953:
942:
941:
934:
927:
919:
913:
912:
906:
898:
897:External links
895:
892:
891:
882:
845:(1): e49–e51.
825:
768:
731:(4): 305–308.
711:
704:
675:
666:
617:
601:
595:978-1496347213
594:
563:
534:
511:
498:
497:
491:Gray's Anatomy
471:
468:
467:
466:
463:
456:
454:
451:
444:
440:
437:
424:
421:
402:sphenoid sinus
397:
394:
373:
370:
348:
334:
331:
311:ground lamella
287:
284:
283:
282:
263:
252:
247:by way of the
235:
232:
223:
220:
209:nasal cavities
200:
197:
162:
161:
152:
146:
145:
140:
134:
133:
128:
122:
121:
116:
110:
109:
104:
98:
97:
90:
84:
83:
79:
78:
73:
67:
66:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2360:
2349:
2348:Sinus surgery
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2236:Ethmoid sinus
2234:
2232:
2231:Frontal sinus
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:Ethmoid bulla
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:Nasal conchae
2090:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:Lateral nasal
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:External nose
1998:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1930:Ethmoid sinus
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1912:Middle meatus
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1588:Dorsum sellae
1586:
1585:
1584:
1583:Sella turcica
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1543:Tympanic part
1540:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1495:Jugular fossa
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1453:Carotid canal
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1415:Mastoid notch
1413:
1410:
1409:Mastoid cells
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1354:Squamous part
1351:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1326:Frontal sinus
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1291:Frontal crest
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1269:Foramen cecum
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1219:Squamous part
1216:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1195:Sagittal keel
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:Temporal line
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1060:Lateral parts
1057:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
989:Occipital bun
987:
985:
981:
978:
977:
976:
973:
972:
970:
968:
967:Squamous part
964:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
940:
935:
933:
928:
926:
921:
920:
917:
910:
907:
904:
901:
900:
886:
878:
874:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
829:
821:
817:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
772:
764:
760:
755:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
715:
707:
701:
697:
693:
689:
682:
680:
670:
657:
653:
649:
645:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
612:
610:
608:
606:
597:
591:
587:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
559:
553:
545:
541:
537:
531:
527:
526:
518:
516:
506:
504:
499:
496:
495:
492:
489:
487:
483:
482:public domain
460:
455:
448:
443:
442:
436:
434:
430:
420:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:ethmoid bulla
369:
366:
362:
356:
352:
344:
340:
330:
328:
324:
323:ethmoid crest
320:
316:
312:
308:
307:basal lamella
303:
301:
297:
296:ethmoid bulla
293:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:
231:
229:
219:
216:
214:
210:
206:
196:
194:
190:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
157:
151:
147:
144:
141:
139:
135:
132:
129:
127:
123:
120:
117:
115:
111:
108:
105:
103:
99:
96:
91:
89:
85:
80:
77:
74:
72:
68:
63:
56:
51:
47:
41:
36:
33:Ethmoid sinus
31:
19:
2235:
2191:Nasal mucosa
2176:Nasal septum
2118:Nasal meatus
2085:Lateral wall
2051:Nasal cavity
2019:Septal nasal
2011:
1934:
1929:
1888:
1875:
1848:Crista galli
1770:
1753:
1668:
1647:
1634:
1579:
1528:
1501:
1484:
1458:Facial canal
1445:Petrous part
1392:Mastoid part
1303:Orbital part
1280:
1253:
1236:
1112:Basilar part
1089:
1027:
1010:
999:Nuchal lines
974:
946:Neurocranium
885:
842:
838:
828:
785:
781:
771:
728:
724:
714:
687:
669:
659:, retrieved
647:
585:
524:
493:
479:
473:
426:
418:
399:
375:
372:Haller cells
365:facial nerve
336:
310:
306:
304:
289:
266:
255:
240:
225:
217:
202:
176:ethmoid bone
171:
167:
165:
119:A06.1.03.005
92:
2169:Medial wall
2039:Vomeronasal
2007:Ala of nose
1734:Optic canal
1716:Small wings
1661:Great wings
410:optic nerve
396:Onodi cells
333:Innervation
222:Development
82:Identifiers
2322:Categories
2145:Agger nasi
2120:: (Supreme
2034:Minor alar
2029:Major alar
1502:canaliculi
1264:Brow ridge
661:2023-07-04
648:StatPearls
544:1044772257
470:References
2338:Rhinology
2129:inferior)
1940:Posterior
1922:Labyrinth
1759:Pterygoid
1746:processes
1744:Pterygoid
1151:Opisthion
1016:Occipital
958:Occipital
859:2152-6575
802:2231-3796
745:0250-832X
552:cite book
429:proptosis
199:Structure
2123:superior
2059:Openings
1945:Anterior
1869:Surfaces
1764:Scaphoid
1689:Spinosum
1674:Rotundum
1669:foramina
1573:Surfaces
1565:Sphenoid
1531:ossicles
1345:Temporal
1281:internal
1254:foramina
1247:Glabella
1237:external
1167:Parietal
1028:internal
975:external
877:23772328
820:36452524
763:22241882
656:29763001
486:page 154
433:diplopia
341:and the
339:anterior
286:Lamellae
234:Drainage
211:and the
189:superior
2312:Anatomy
2250:pharynx
2071:Nostril
1828:Ethmoid
1793:Hamulus
1776:Lateral
1684:Vesalii
1529:(note:
1512:Mastoid
1210:Frontal
1090:jugular
1068:Condyle
948:of the
868:3679569
811:9702225
754:3728998
353:of the
273:at the
191:or the
174:of the
107:D005005
65:Details
2298:Portal
2126:middle
2076:Choana
1836:Plates
1781:Medial
1754:fossae
1630:Clivus
1485:fossae
1463:Hiatus
1434:Aditus
1146:Basion
1125:Clivus
1021:Nuchal
1011:planes
875:
865:
857:
818:
808:
800:
761:
751:
743:
702:
654:
592:
542:
532:
494:(1918)
213:orbits
1802:Other
1696:Spine
1679:Ovale
1134:Other
980:Inion
950:skull
484:from
154:[
143:84115
88:Latin
71:Nerve
2246:Naso
1809:Body
873:PMID
855:ISSN
816:PMID
798:ISSN
759:PMID
741:ISSN
700:ISBN
652:PMID
590:ISBN
558:link
540:OCLC
530:ISBN
431:and
412:and
265:The
254:The
239:The
166:The
131:3180
114:TA98
102:MeSH
863:PMC
847:doi
806:PMC
790:doi
749:PMC
733:doi
692:doi
357:),
170:or
138:FMA
126:TA2
2324::
2094::
871:.
861:.
853:.
841:.
837:.
814:.
804:.
796:.
786:74
784:.
780:.
757:.
747:.
739:.
729:41
727:.
723:.
698:.
678:^
646:,
620:^
604:^
566:^
554:}}
550:{{
538:.
514:^
502:^
435:.
302:.
2300::
2248:-
1985:e
1978:t
1971:v
1436:)
1432:(
1411:)
1407:(
982:/
938:e
931:t
924:v
879:.
849::
843:4
822:.
792::
765:.
735::
708:.
694::
598:.
560:)
546:.
367:.
351:)
349:1
281:.
262:.
251:.
158:]
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
