388:
JAK/STAT pathway. The JAK2 protein controls the production of blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells which are located in the bone marrow and can eventually become platelets, red blood cells or white blood cells. Specifically in ET, a JAK2 mutation is acquired rather than inherited. The most common JAK2 mutation is V617F which is the replacement of a valine amino acid with phenylalanine amino acid at the 617 position, hence the name V617F. This mutation results in the JAK2 protein constantly being turned on, which leads to the overproduction of abnormal blood cells, in ET it is platelets or megakaryocytes. There is also another JAK2 mutation found in exon 12, however much less common.
392:
amino acid domain, a proline rich P-domain, and a carboxyl domain. All of these parts facilitate the function of CALR. CALR mutation is caused by insertions or deletions of amino acids in exon 9 that cause a reading shift, which then leads to the formation of a novel C terminus. There are two common types of CALR mutations, type 1 and type 2. Type 1 mutations are a 52-bp deletion and type 2 mutations are a 5-bp insertion. In type 1 mutations, the negativle charged amino acids in the CALR C terminus are completely eliminated, and in the type 2 mutations, roughly half are eliminated. There are other mutations involving CALR, however these two are the most common.
71:
40:
1066:
Klampfl T, Gisslinger H, Harutyunyan AS, Nivarthi H, Rumi E, Milosevic JD, Them NC, Berg T, Gisslinger B, Pietra D, Chen D, Vladimer GI, Bagienski K, Milanesi C, Casetti IC, Sant'Antonio E, Ferretti V, Elena C, Schischlik F, Cleary C, Six M, Schalling M, Schönegger A, Bock C, Malcovati L, Pascutto C,
391:
There is also a small number of people who have a different mutation called CALR, which is abbreviated from calreticulin. CALR is a protein found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Its purpose is to maintain calcium homeostasis and control protein folding. There are three parts to CALR including an
1016:
Nangalia J, Massie CE, Baxter EJ, Nice FL, Gundem G, Wedge DC, Avezov E, Li J, Kollmann K, Kent DG, Aziz A, Godfrey AL, Hinton J, Martincorena I, Van Loo P, Jones AV, Guglielmelli P, Tarpey P, Harding HP, Fitzpatrick JD, Goudie CT, Ortmann CA, Loughran SJ, Raine K, Jones DR, Butler AP, Teague JW,
565:
Essential thrombocythemia is sometimes described as a slowly progressive disorder with long asymptomatic periods punctuated by thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. However, well-documented medical regimens can reduce and control the number of platelets, which reduces the risk of these thrombotic or
395:
Lastly, the least common mutation found in patients with ET are MPL mutations. The MPL gene is responsible for making thrombopoeitin receptor proteins which promote the growth and division of cells. This receptor protein is vital in producing platelets. There are various MPL mutations, but most
387:
There are three known genetic mutations that cause ET. The most common genetic mutation is a JAK2 mutation. Roughly 50% of the population of ET patients have this mutation. The JAK 2 gene signals a protein that promotes the growth of cells. The protein is part of a signaling pathway called the
552:
The PT1 study compared hydroxyurea plus aspirin to anagrelide plus aspirin as initial therapy for ET. Hydroxyurea treated patients had a lower incidence of arterial thrombosis, lower incidence of severe bleeding and lower incidence of transformation to myelofibrosis, but the risk of venous
548:
can lower the platelet count. Low-dose aspirin is used to reduce the risk of blood clot formation unless the platelet count is very high, where there is a risk of bleeding from the disease, and hence this measure would be counter-productive as aspirin-use increases the risk of bleeding.
1017:
O'Meara S, McLaren S, Bianchi M, Silber Y, Dimitropoulou D, Bloxham D, Mudie L, Maddison M, Robinson B, Keohane C, Maclean C, Hill K, Orchard K, Tauro S, Du MQ, Greaves M, Bowen D, Huntly BJ, Harrison CN, Cross NC, Ron D, Vannucchi AM, Papaemmanuil E, Campbell PJ, Green AR (Dec 2013).
508:
Not all those affected will require treatment at presentation. Patients are usually designated as having a low or high risk of bleeding or developing blood clots based on their age, medical history, blood counts and their lifestyles. Low risk individuals are usually treated with
326:. Platelets derived from the abnormal megakaryocytes are activated, which, along with the elevated platelet count, contributes to the likelihood of forming blood clots. The increased possibility of bleeding when the platelet count is over 1 million is due to
404:
The following revised diagnostic criteria for essential thrombocythemia were proposed in 2005. The diagnosis requires the presence of both A criteria together with B3 to B6, or of criterion A1 together with B1 to B6. The criteria are as follows:
887:
Tefferi, A (March 2011). "Annual
Clinical Updates in Hematological Malignancies: a continuing medical education series: polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: 2011 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management".
566:
hemorrhagic events. The lifespan of a well-controlled ET person is well within the expected range for a person of similar age but without ET. ET is the myeloproliferative neoplasm least likely to progress to acute myeloid leukemia.
553:
thrombosis was higher with hydroxycarbamide than with anagrelide. It is unknown whether the results are applicable to all ET patients. In people with symptomatic ET and extremely high platelet counts (exceeding 1 million),
1664:
1645:
396:
typical are point mutations that cause amino acid changes. The MPL mutation activates the thrombopoeitin receptor despite the absence of the ligand. This causes the constant proliferation of cells.
3004:
1786:
1272:
Vardiman, JW; Thiele, J; Arber, DA; Brunning, RD; Borowitz, MJ; Porwit, A; Harris, NL; Le Beau, MM; Hellström-Lindberg, E; Tefferi, A; Bloomfield, CD (July 2009).
931:
Branehog I, Ridell B, Swolin B, Weinfeld A (1975). "Megakaryocyte quantifications in relation to thrombokinetics in primary thrombocythaemia and allied diseases".
1679:
2484:
2925:
460:
may be present in up to 10% of cases. Patients with the
Philadelphia chromosome have a potential for the development of acute leukemia, especially
1274:"The 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: Rationale and important changes"
2635:
2588:
2489:
1779:
973:
Vannucchi, AM (June 2010). "Insights into the pathogenesis and management of thrombosis in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia".
795:
Fu, R; Zhang, L; Yang, R (November 2013). "Paediatric essential thrombocythaemia: clinical and molecular features, diagnosis and treatment".
1490:"The role of thrombocytapheresis in the contemporary management of hyperthrombocytosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms: A case-based review"
2413:
2784:
2494:
1772:
578:
age at onset is 65–70 years and it is more frequent in females than in males. The incidence in children is 0.09/100,000 per year.
2905:
1903:
2561:
1198:
3070:
2920:
2078:
2061:
1690:
1577:
Valera, MC; Parant, O; Vayssiere, C; Arnal, JF; Payrastre, B (October 2011). "Essential thrombocythemia and pregnancy".
2645:
2406:
2140:
2092:
1488:
Boddu, Prajwal; Falchi, Lorenzo; Hosing, Chitra; Newberry, Kate; Bose, Prithviraj; Verstovsek, Srdan (2017-07-01).
2910:
2821:
2650:
525:). Currently unapproved but in late-stage clinical trials (NCT04254978) are agents that lower platelets such as
2994:
1859:
1116:
Prins, Daniel; González Arias, Carlos; Klampfl, Thorsten; Grinfeld, Jacob; Green, Anthony R. (February 2020).
2762:
2623:
2521:
2146:
2132:
1228:
3102:
3037:
2573:
2499:
2120:
2083:
1953:
610:
380:
of the resulting protein, that creates a novel terminal peptide and causes a loss of endoplasmic reticulum
164:
1441:"Personalized management of essential thrombocythemia-application of recent evidence to clinical practice"
3087:
2868:
2804:
2752:
2740:
2511:
2479:
2399:
2273:
1849:
231:
3127:
2999:
2766:
2228:
2073:
1273:
461:
373:
2705:
2344:
1915:
278:
at the time of diagnosis, which is usually made after noting an elevated platelet level on a routine
117:
70:
2890:
2856:
2556:
2426:
2314:
2057:
1886:
1701:
617:) may be used. For life-threatening complications, the platelet count can be reduced rapidly using
481:
451:
180:
168:
125:
445:
hematocrit < midpoint of normal range or normal red cell mass in presence of normal iron stores
3132:
2583:
2304:
2097:
1174:
457:
361:
121:
108:
51:
3060:
2846:
2730:
2695:
2613:
2546:
2469:
2218:
2193:
2151:
1545:
251:
159:
1741:
621:, a procedure that removes platelets from the blood and returns the remainder to the patient.
3097:
2213:
2203:
2021:
327:
176:
3019:
3009:
2915:
2391:
1969:
1864:
1854:
287:
279:
8:
2208:
2198:
1994:
1874:
1668:
377:
294:), fatigue, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, visual disturbances, dizziness,
2964:
2334:
2016:
1974:
1948:
1821:
1684:
1673:
1522:
1489:
1465:
1440:
1414:
1364:
1304:
1150:
1117:
1098:
1043:
1018:
998:
944:
913:
864:
839:
820:
718:
630:
376:. All mutations (insertions or deletions) affected the last exon, generating a reading
295:
291:
79:
1612:
3014:
2969:
2878:
2223:
1999:
1908:
1764:
1712:
1594:
1527:
1509:
1470:
1406:
1389:
BirgegĂĄrd, G (July 2013). "Pharmacological management of essential thrombocythemia".
1356:
1296:
1251:
1204:
1194:
1155:
1137:
1090:
1048:
990:
948:
917:
905:
869:
855:
812:
774:
710:
668:
440:
330:(vWF) sequestration by the increased mass of platelets, leaving insufficient vWF for
172:
149:
59:
1418:
1368:
1351:
1334:
1247:
1102:
824:
769:
752:
722:
693:
Fabris, F; Randi, ML (October 2009). "Essential thrombocythemia: past and present".
2049:
1989:
1984:
1844:
1752:
1586:
1517:
1501:
1460:
1452:
1398:
1346:
1308:
1288:
1243:
1186:
1145:
1129:
1080:
1038:
1030:
982:
940:
897:
859:
851:
804:
764:
702:
618:
586:
554:
537:
514:
259:
191:
1505:
1002:
3075:
2329:
2163:
2004:
1869:
1706:
1590:
1402:
1292:
1190:
1133:
557:
can be used to remove platelets from the blood to reduce the risk of thrombosis.
263:
235:
601:. Essential thrombocythemia can be linked with a three-fold increase in risk of
541:
518:
39:
2354:
2066:
2009:
1891:
662:
490:
410:
357:
323:
282:(CBC). The most common symptoms are bleeding (due to dysfunctional platelets),
137:
47:
1717:
1658:
1654:
986:
706:
3121:
2670:
2602:
2364:
2186:
2181:
2176:
1933:
1513:
1141:
1019:"Somatic CALR mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms with nonmutated JAK2"
470:
365:
319:
255:
243:
2107:
434:
stainable iron in the bone marrow or normal red cell mean corpuscular volume
33:
Essential thrombocythaemia, essential thrombocytosis, primary thrombocytosis
2985:
2974:
2374:
1816:
1598:
1531:
1474:
1410:
1360:
1300:
1255:
1208:
1159:
1094:
1052:
994:
909:
873:
816:
778:
714:
672:
381:
353:
346:
307:
299:
275:
258:. It is one of the blood cancers wherein the bone marrow produces too many
1085:
1068:
1034:
952:
2954:
2440:
2171:
1979:
1811:
1800:
1736:
602:
526:
247:
1637:
1456:
2359:
2324:
2299:
1943:
1925:
614:
590:
545:
522:
475:
no collagen fibrosis and ≤ grade 2 reticulin fibrosis (using 0–4 scale)
283:
219:
113:
64:
901:
808:
2458:
2349:
2294:
1881:
1747:
594:
239:
199:
100:
92:
1579:
European
Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
1065:
341:(V617F) is present in 40–50% of cases and is diagnostic if present.
2943:
2684:
2535:
2263:
2258:
2248:
1938:
1796:
1069:"Somatic mutations of calreticulin in myeloproliferative neoplasms"
331:
141:
96:
88:
1115:
2793:
2719:
2422:
2309:
2268:
598:
510:
303:
84:
1695:
2900:
2449:
2434:
2253:
1649:
1229:"Management of Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia"
575:
338:
2835:
606:
298:, and numbness in the extremities; the most common signs are
3005:
Adult type of generalized eruption of cutaneous mastocytosis
2421:
930:
1271:
605:. Throughout pregnancy, close monitoring of the mother and
417:
335:
1576:
753:"Pathogenesis and management of essential thrombocythemia"
633:
comic strip was diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia.
1487:
1118:"Mutant Calreticulin in the Myeloproliferative Neoplasms"
1015:
1794:
364:-negative patients with essential thrombocythemia and
1172:
661:
Ashorobi, Damilola; Gohari, Pouyan (August 6, 2023).
574:
The incidence of ET is 0.6-2.5/100,000 per year, the
1627:
1067:
Superti-Furga G, Cazzola M, Kralovics R (Dec 2013).
1179:International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
3119:
2926:Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia
667:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
274:Most people with essential thrombocythemia are
2589:Accelerated phase chronic myelogenous leukemia
1173:Guglielmelli, Paola; Calabresi, Laura (2021),
660:
513:, whereas those at high risk are treated with
16:Overproduction of platelets in the bone marrow
2407:
1780:
1438:
1226:
1059:
837:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
54:in a patient with essential thrombocythemia.
1009:
794:
692:
489:no cytogenetic abnormalities suggestive of
423:B1. No cause for a reactive thrombocytosis
2414:
2400:
1787:
1773:
844:International Journal of Clinical Practice
194:, plateletpheresis, cytoreductive therapy.
69:
38:
1521:
1464:
1388:
1350:
1335:"Management of Essential Thrombocythemia"
1332:
1149:
1084:
1042:
972:
863:
768:
750:
643:
1220:
840:"Headache in essential thrombocythaemia"
2906:Refractory anemia with excess of blasts
2041:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
968:
966:
964:
962:
886:
688:
686:
684:
682:
629:Jill Kaplan, the female protagonist of
413:> 400 Ă— 10/ÎĽL for at least 2 months.
3120:
1267:
1265:
790:
788:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
250:. It may, albeit rarely, develop into
2395:
1768:
1439:Tefferi, A; Barbui, T (August 2013).
838:Frewin, R; Dowson, A (October 2012).
624:
269:
3071:Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis
1563:
1550:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
1425:
1375:
1315:
959:
679:
372:mutations the second most common in
2921:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
1262:
1073:The New England Journal of Medicine
1023:The New England Journal of Medicine
785:
729:
431:B2. No evidence of iron deficiency
13:
2692:
945:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1975.tb01087.x
230:) is a rare chronic blood cancer (
14:
3144:
1623:
1391:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
2646:Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
2141:platelet storage pool deficiency
2093:Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
856:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2012.02986.x
300:increased white blood cell count
2911:Chromosome 5q deletion syndrome
2822:Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
2651:Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
2562:Myeloid dendritic cell leukemia
1605:
1538:
1481:
1352:10.1182/asheducation-2011.1.215
1248:10.1182/asheducation-2005.1.201
1166:
1109:
975:Internal and Emergency Medicine
770:10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.621
695:Internal and Emergency Medicine
569:
212:0.6-2.5/100,000 cases per year.
2995:Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis
1860:Activated protein C resistance
1227:Campbell PJ, Green AR (2005).
924:
890:American Journal of Hematology
880:
831:
797:British Journal of Haematology
503:
1:
2763:Chronic eosinophilic leukemia
2522:Chronic neutrophilic leukemia
1506:10.1016/j.leukres.2017.03.008
636:
352:In 2013, two groups detected
3103:Biphenotypic acute leukaemia
3038:Xanthelasmoidal mastocytosis
1954:Trousseau sign of malignancy
1591:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.04.040
1403:10.1517/14656566.2013.797408
1293:10.1182/blood-2009-03-209262
1191:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.09.003
1134:10.1097/HS9.0000000000000333
751:Beer, PA; Green, AR (2009).
611:low molecular weight heparin
581:
560:
498:
399:
374:myeloproliferative neoplasms
334:adhesion. A mutation in the
304:reduced red blood cell count
204:Median survival is 18 years.
165:Chronic myelogenous leukemia
7:
2480:Acute myeloblastic leukemia
2274:Nonthrombocytopenic purpura
1850:Antithrombin III deficiency
1546:"Essential Thrombocythemia"
593:are contraindicated during
426:normal inflammatory indices
356:mutations in a majority of
232:myeloproliferative neoplasm
10:
3149:
3000:Erythrodermic mastocytosis
2767:Hypereosinophilic syndrome
2229:Congenital afibrinogenemia
2133:Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
462:acute lymphocytic leukemia
3084:
3057:
3050:
3028:
2983:
2951:
2942:
2887:
2865:
2843:
2834:
2815:Essential thrombocythemia
2801:
2792:
2783:
2749:
2727:
2718:
2683:
2663:
2632:
2610:
2601:
2570:
2543:
2534:
2508:
2466:
2457:
2448:
2433:
2345:Gastrointestinal bleeding
2284:
2241:
2162:
2147:Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome
2106:
2048:
2034:
1962:
1924:
1916:Antiphospholipid syndrome
1897:Essential thrombocythemia
1837:
1830:
1807:
1727:
1631:
987:10.1007/s11739-009-0319-3
707:10.1007/s11739-009-0284-x
609:is recommended. Low-dose
532:
224:essential thrombocythemia
208:
198:
187:
158:
148:
132:
118:transient ischemic attack
107:
78:
58:
46:
37:
29:
25:Essential thrombocythemia
24:
2427:hematological malignancy
2315:Subconjunctival bleeding
2121:Bernard–Soulier syndrome
2084:Upshaw–Schulman syndrome
2058:Thrombocytopenic purpura
1887:Sticky platelet syndrome
664:Essential Thrombocytosis
486:no significant dysplasia
482:myelodysplastic syndrome
452:chronic myeloid leukemia
313:
181:secondary thrombocytosis
169:myelodysplastic syndrome
2584:Philadelphia chromosome
2305:Intracranial hemorrhage
458:Philadelphia chromosome
234:) characterised by the
122:acute coronary syndrome
2219:Factor XIII deficiency
2199:Hypoprothrombinemia/II
2194:von Willebrand disease
2152:Gray platelet syndrome
322:are more sensitive to
252:acute myeloid leukemia
160:Differential diagnosis
3098:Primary myelofibrosis
3030:Systemic mastocytosis
2975:Systemic mastocytosis
2214:Factor XII deficiency
2204:Factor VII deficiency
2022:Renal vein thrombosis
1333:Cervantes, F (2011).
1185:, Elsevier: 163–178,
1086:10.1056/NEJMoa1311347
1035:10.1056/NEJMoa1312542
480:B6. No evidence of a
382:KDEL retention signal
366:primary myelofibrosis
328:von Willebrand factor
177:primary myelofibrosis
50:image representing a
3020:Solitary mastocytoma
3010:Urticaria pigmentosa
2916:Sideroblastic anemia
1970:Deep vein thrombosis
1865:Protein S deficiency
1855:Protein C deficiency
1613:"The Pajama Diaries"
288:deep vein thrombosis
280:complete blood count
126:Budd-Chiari syndrome
52:bone marrow aspirate
2209:Factor X deficiency
2098:May–Hegglin anomaly
1875:Prothrombin G20210A
1457:10.1038/leu.2013.99
675:– via PubMed.
469:B5. No evidence of
450:B4. No evidence of
439:B3. No evidence of
416:A2. Acquired V617F
345:is a member of the
138:hematopoietic cells
2965:Mast cell leukemia
2857:Erythroleukemia/M6
2741:Acute eosinophilic
2335:Pulmonary hematoma
2242:Signs and symptoms
2017:Pulmonary embolism
1822:Bleeding diathesis
1728:External resources
1175:"The MPL mutation"
933:Scand. J. Haematol
631:The Pajama Diaries
625:In popular culture
292:pulmonary embolism
270:Signs and symptoms
242:(thrombocytes) by
154:Clinical criteria.
136:Overproduction of
3128:Myeloid neoplasia
3115:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3046:
3045:
3015:Mast cell sarcoma
2970:Mast cell sarcoma
2938:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2901:Refractory anemia
2879:Polycythemia vera
2830:
2829:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2714:
2713:
2679:
2678:
2659:
2658:
2597:
2596:
2530:
2529:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2237:
2236:
2224:Dysfibrinogenemia
2108:Platelet function
2030:
2029:
1909:Purpura fulminans
1762:
1761:
1494:Leukemia Research
1200:978-0-323-89939-0
902:10.1002/ajh.21946
809:10.1111/bjh.12530
441:polycythemia vera
216:
215:
173:polycythemia vera
150:Diagnostic method
142:genetic mutations
48:Histopathological
19:Medical condition
3140:
3091:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3051:Multiple/unknown
3031:
2988:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2894:
2872:
2850:
2841:
2840:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2790:
2789:
2756:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2706:Acute basophilic
2699:
2690:
2689:
2639:
2617:
2608:
2607:
2577:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2515:
2473:
2464:
2463:
2455:
2454:
2446:
2445:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2393:
2392:
2050:Thrombocytopenia
2046:
2045:
2039:
2038:
1995:Lowenberg's sign
1845:Clotting factors
1835:
1834:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1629:
1628:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1574:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1525:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1468:
1436:
1423:
1422:
1397:(10): 1295–306.
1386:
1373:
1372:
1354:
1330:
1313:
1312:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1233:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1088:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1046:
1029:(25): 2391–405.
1013:
1007:
1006:
970:
957:
956:
928:
922:
921:
884:
878:
877:
867:
835:
829:
828:
792:
783:
782:
772:
748:
727:
726:
690:
677:
676:
658:
619:plateletpheresis
587:Hydroxycarbamide
555:plateletpheresis
538:Hydroxycarbamide
515:hydroxycarbamide
420:mutation present
276:without symptoms
266:, or platelets.
192:Low-dose aspirin
74:
73:
42:
22:
21:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3107:
3085:
3080:
3076:Myeloid sarcoma
3058:
3042:
3029:
3024:
2984:
2979:
2952:
2930:
2888:
2883:
2866:
2861:
2844:
2826:
2802:
2771:
2750:
2745:
2728:
2710:
2693:
2675:
2655:
2633:
2628:
2611:
2593:
2571:
2566:
2544:
2526:
2509:
2504:
2467:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2390:
2381:
2330:Hemopericardium
2280:
2233:
2164:Clotting factor
2158:
2102:
2026:
1975:Bancroft's sign
1958:
1949:Virchow's triad
1920:
1870:Factor V Leiden
1826:
1803:
1793:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1723:
1722:
1640:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1575:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1486:
1482:
1437:
1426:
1387:
1376:
1331:
1316:
1276:
1270:
1263:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1213:
1211:
1201:
1171:
1167:
1114:
1110:
1079:(25): 2379–90.
1064:
1060:
1014:
1010:
971:
960:
929:
925:
885:
881:
850:(10): 976–983.
836:
832:
793:
786:
749:
730:
691:
680:
659:
644:
639:
627:
584:
572:
563:
535:
506:
501:
402:
316:
308:enlarged spleen
272:
264:red blood cells
68:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3146:
3136:
3135:
3133:Coagulopathies
3130:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2796:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2431:
2430:
2419:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2355:Hemoperitoneum
2352:
2347:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2168:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2067:Evans syndrome
2054:
2052:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2000:Peabody's sign
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1892:Thrombocytosis
1889:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1841:
1839:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1744:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1709:
1698:
1687:
1676:
1661:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:Classification
1625:
1624:External links
1622:
1619:
1618:
1604:
1562:
1537:
1480:
1451:(8): 1617–20.
1424:
1374:
1314:
1261:
1219:
1199:
1165:
1108:
1058:
1008:
958:
923:
896:(3): 292–301.
879:
830:
803:(3): 295–302.
784:
728:
678:
641:
640:
638:
635:
626:
623:
583:
580:
571:
568:
562:
559:
534:
531:
505:
502:
500:
497:
496:
495:
494:
493:
491:myelodysplasia
487:
478:
477:
476:
467:
466:
465:
448:
447:
446:
437:
436:
435:
429:
428:
427:
421:
414:
411:Platelet count
401:
398:
368:, which makes
324:growth factors
320:megakaryocytes
315:
312:
271:
268:
244:megakaryocytes
236:overproduction
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
202:
196:
195:
189:
185:
184:
162:
156:
155:
152:
146:
145:
134:
130:
129:
111:
105:
104:
82:
76:
75:
62:
56:
55:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3145:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2671:Histiocytosis
2669:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2603:Myelomonocyte
2600:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2365:Hematosalpinx
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:Louvel's sign
1988:
1986:
1985:Lisker's sign
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:Thrombophilia
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1795:Disorders of
1790:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1614:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1287:(5): 937–51.
1286:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1266:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
981:(3): 177–84.
980:
976:
969:
967:
965:
963:
954:
950:
946:
942:
939:(5): 321–32.
938:
934:
927:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
883:
875:
871:
866:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
834:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
791:
789:
780:
776:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
689:
687:
685:
683:
674:
670:
666:
665:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
642:
634:
632:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
579:
577:
567:
558:
556:
550:
547:
543:
539:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
492:
488:
485:
484:
483:
479:
474:
473:
472:
471:myelofibrosis
468:
463:
459:
455:
454:
453:
449:
444:
443:
442:
438:
433:
432:
430:
425:
424:
422:
419:
415:
412:
408:
407:
406:
397:
393:
389:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
267:
265:
261:
257:
256:myelofibrosis
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
211:
207:
203:
201:
197:
193:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:
161:
157:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
112:
110:
109:Complications
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
81:
77:
72:
66:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:
28:
23:
3086:
3059:
2986:Mastocytosis
2953:
2889:
2867:
2845:
2814:
2803:
2751:
2729:
2694:
2634:
2612:
2572:
2545:
2510:
2468:
2441:granulocytes
2375:Hemarthrosis
2139:
2127:
2115:
2005:Pratt's sign
1896:
1817:coagulopathy
1746:
1735:
1711:
1700:
1689:
1678:
1663:
1644:
1607:
1585:(2): 141–7.
1582:
1578:
1553:. Retrieved
1549:
1540:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1448:
1444:
1394:
1390:
1342:
1338:
1284:
1280:
1239:
1235:
1222:
1212:, retrieved
1182:
1178:
1168:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1076:
1072:
1061:
1026:
1022:
1011:
978:
974:
936:
932:
926:
893:
889:
882:
847:
843:
833:
800:
796:
760:
756:
701:(5): 381–8.
698:
694:
663:
628:
585:
573:
570:Epidemiology
564:
551:
542:interferon-α
536:
519:interferon-α
507:
403:
394:
390:
386:
369:
354:calreticulin
351:
347:Janus kinase
342:
317:
273:
227:
223:
217:
2955:Mastocytoma
2128:aggregation
2010:Rose's sign
1980:Homans sign
1812:Coagulation
1737:MedlinePlus
1128:(1): e333.
763:: 621–628.
603:miscarriage
527:bomedemstat
504:Indications
378:frame shift
284:blood clots
248:bone marrow
30:Other names
3122:Categories
2439:and other
2360:Hematocele
2325:Hemothorax
2300:Hemoptysis
2172:Hemophilia
1944:Thrombosis
1713:DiseasesDB
1345:: 215–21.
1339:Hematology
1236:Hematology
1214:2024-05-07
1122:HemaSphere
757:Hematology
637:References
615:enoxaparin
591:anagrelide
546:anagrelide
523:anagrelide
360:-negative/
220:hematology
114:Thrombosis
65:Hematology
2459:Myelocyte
2425:-related
2350:Hemobilia
2295:Epistaxis
1882:Platelets
1748:eMedicine
1514:0145-2126
1500:: 14–22.
1242:: 201–8.
1142:2572-9241
918:205293800
595:pregnancy
582:Pregnancy
561:Prognosis
499:Treatment
400:Diagnosis
306:, and an
240:platelets
209:Frequency
200:Prognosis
188:Treatment
101:dizziness
93:migraines
60:Specialty
2944:CFU-Mast
2685:CFU-Baso
2536:Monocyte
2341:abdomen
2264:Petechia
2259:Hematoma
2249:Bleeding
2116:adhesion
2042:By cause
2035:Bleeding
1939:Thrombus
1838:By cause
1831:Clotting
1801:clotting
1797:bleeding
1753:med/2266
1599:21640467
1532:28380402
1475:23558521
1445:Leukemia
1419:11357000
1411:23668666
1369:18862829
1361:22160037
1301:19357394
1256:16304381
1209:34756243
1160:32382708
1103:14787432
1095:24325356
1053:24325359
995:19789961
910:21351120
874:22889110
825:10880402
817:24032343
779:20008247
723:43185338
715:19636672
673:30969531
456:But the
349:family.
332:platelet
296:fainting
97:headache
89:insomnia
80:Symptoms
2794:CFU-Meg
2720:CFU-Eos
2557:AMoL/M5
2423:Myeloid
2310:Hyphema
2285:By site
2269:Purpura
1963:By site
1707:D013920
1685:M9962/3
1555:22 July
1523:5466892
1466:3740400
1309:3101472
1151:7000472
1044:3966280
953:1060175
865:3469735
599:nursing
511:aspirin
318:In ET,
286:(e.g.,
246:in the
85:Fatigue
2500:APL/M3
2450:CFU-GM
2435:CFU-GM
2371:joint
2321:torso
2254:Bruise
2177:A/VIII
1742:000543
1696:187950
1674:238.71
1597:
1530:
1520:
1512:
1473:
1463:
1417:
1409:
1367:
1359:
1307:
1299:
1254:
1207:
1197:
1158:
1148:
1140:
1101:
1093:
1051:
1041:
1003:510829
1001:
993:
951:
916:
908:
872:
862:
823:
815:
777:
721:
713:
671:
613:(e.g.
576:median
533:Agents
339:kinase
133:Causes
99:, and
67:
2836:CFU-E
2664:Other
2636:MD-MP
2291:head
1926:Clots
1680:ICD-O
1659:D47.3
1655:D75.2
1415:S2CID
1365:S2CID
1305:S2CID
1281:Blood
1277:(PDF)
1232:(PDF)
1099:S2CID
999:S2CID
914:S2CID
821:S2CID
719:S2CID
607:fetus
314:Cause
260:white
2187:C/XI
2182:B/IX
1799:and
1718:4522
1702:MeSH
1691:OMIM
1669:9-CM
1595:PMID
1557:2021
1528:PMID
1510:ISSN
1471:PMID
1407:PMID
1357:PMID
1343:2011
1297:PMID
1252:PMID
1240:2005
1205:PMID
1195:ISBN
1156:PMID
1138:ISSN
1091:PMID
1049:PMID
991:PMID
949:PMID
906:PMID
870:PMID
813:PMID
775:PMID
761:2009
711:PMID
669:PMID
597:and
589:and
544:and
418:JAK2
409:A1.
370:CALR
358:JAK2
343:JAK2
336:JAK2
3061:AML
2847:AML
2785:MEP
2731:AML
2696:AML
2614:AML
2574:CML
2547:AML
2470:AML
2079:TTP
2062:ITP
1904:DIC
1665:ICD
1646:ICD
1587:doi
1583:158
1518:PMC
1502:doi
1461:PMC
1453:doi
1399:doi
1347:doi
1289:doi
1285:114
1244:doi
1187:doi
1183:365
1146:PMC
1130:doi
1081:doi
1077:369
1039:PMC
1031:doi
1027:369
983:doi
941:doi
898:doi
860:PMC
852:doi
805:doi
801:163
765:doi
703:doi
521:or
362:MPL
290:or
262:or
254:or
238:of
218:In
3124::
3088:MP
2891:MD
2869:MP
2805:MP
2753:MP
2624:M4
2512:MP
2495:M2
2490:M1
2485:M0
2074:TM
2060::
1751::
1740::
1716::
1705::
1694::
1683::
1672::
1657:,
1653::
1650:10
1593:.
1581:.
1565:^
1548:.
1526:.
1516:.
1508:.
1498:58
1496:.
1492:.
1469:.
1459:.
1449:27
1447:.
1443:.
1427:^
1413:.
1405:.
1395:14
1393:.
1377:^
1363:.
1355:.
1341:.
1337:.
1317:^
1303:.
1295:.
1283:.
1279:.
1264:^
1250:.
1238:.
1234:.
1203:,
1193:,
1181:,
1177:,
1154:.
1144:.
1136:.
1124:.
1120:.
1097:.
1089:.
1075:.
1071:.
1047:.
1037:.
1025:.
1021:.
997:.
989:.
977:.
961:^
947:.
937:15
935:.
912:.
904:.
894:86
892:.
868:.
858:.
848:66
846:.
842:.
819:.
811:.
799:.
787:^
773:.
759:.
755:.
731:^
717:.
709:.
697:.
681:^
645:^
540:,
529:.
517:,
384:.
310:.
302:,
228:ET
222:,
179:,
175:,
171:,
167:,
140:,
124:,
120:,
116:,
95:,
91:,
87:,
2765:/
2437:/
2415:e
2408:t
2401:v
1788:e
1781:t
1774:v
1667:-
1648:-
1638:D
1615:.
1601:.
1589::
1559:.
1534:.
1504::
1477:.
1455::
1421:.
1401::
1371:.
1349::
1311:.
1291::
1258:.
1246::
1189::
1162:.
1132::
1126:4
1105:.
1083::
1055:.
1033::
1005:.
985::
979:5
955:.
943::
920:.
900::
876:.
854::
827:.
807::
781:.
767::
725:.
705::
699:4
464:.
226:(
183:.
144:.
128:.
103:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
