Essen - Knowledge

5321: 2262: 5689: 5345: 3994: 4258: 5616:, this quarter was developed just south-east of the city centre. Large green zones, forming broad urban ventilation lanes and incorporating sporting and playing areas and high quality architecture – invariably in the style of Reform Architecture, combine to create a unique example worldwide of modern town planning. It reflects reformative ideas and dates from the early part of the 20th century. The Moltkeviertel continues to be a much sought-after area for residential, educational, health care and small-scale commercial purposes. On the Moltkeplatz, the quarter's largest square, an ensemble of high quality contemporary art is maintained and cared for by local residents. 1971: 5574: 97: 5393: 4869: 245: 5716: 5704: 3922: 5333: 4282: 5357: 4640: 808: 5520: 2087: 4244: 9695: 5205: 3877: 5309: 79: 5776: 4601: 4708: 122: 4967: 4845: 5103: 4270: 4613: 5217: 2760: 4586: 797: 133: 5800: 4006: 5728: 4363: 5534: 213: 5671: 5229: 4351: 540: 5586: 5022: 4088: 3907: 3952: 5091: 4857: 3892: 4995: 5752: 3967: 4100: 4076: 5079: 5010: 5764: 3982: 4384: 1022:. Its average annual temperature is 10 °C (50 °F): 13.3 °C (56 °F) during the day and 6.7 °C (44 °F) at night. The average annual precipitation is 934 mm (37 in). The coldest month of the year is January, when the average temperature is 2.4 °C (36 °F). The warmest months are July and August, with an average temperature of 18 °C (64 °F). The record high is 36.6 °C (98 °F) and the record low is −24 °C (−11 °F). 86: 4625: 4893: 1671: 4881: 5740: 3937: 5548: 3304: 2369: 784: 2071: 847: 5381: 5369: 104: 5492: 751: 184: 4981: 5788: 4572: 869: 4022: 2160: 519: 115: 836: 773: 174: 5067: 5055: 858: 762: 8336: 1847: 5562: 823: 5506: 5193: 3314: 68: 6498: 3277: 3258: 3200: 3189: 3134: 3059: 3048: 3024: 3013: 2986: 2962: 2951: 2927: 2916: 2892: 2881: 2857: 2846: 2822: 2811: 5606:

each one. Although originally designed as an area for the lower classes with quite small flats, the old part Margarethenhöhe I has developed into a middle class residential area and housing space has become highly sought after. A new part, Margarehenhöhe II, was built in the 1960s and 1970s but is architecturally inferior and especially the multi-storey buildings are still considered social hot spots.

2330: 252: 220: 5245: 4940:, which is located directly within the pedestrian precinct, is often mistakenly referred to as the cathedral. The cathedral treasury, however, ranks amongst the most important in Germany since only few art works have been lost over the centuries. The most precious exhibit, located within the cathedral, is the 4543:

late-night lines only). The Stadtbahn and Straßenbahn operate on total route lengths of 19.6 kilometres (12.2 mi) and 52.4 kilometres (32.6 mi), respectively. One tram line and a few bus lines coming from neighboring cities are operated by these cities' respective carriers. The U-Stadtbahn,

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With the A 40/A 52 in the southern parts of the city and the A 42 in the north, there is a gap in the motorway system often leading to congestion on streets leading from the central to the northern boroughs. An extension of the A 52 to connect the Essen-Ost junction with the A 42 to close this gap is

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Margarethenhöhe: Founded by Margarethe Krupp in 1906, the garden city with its 3092 units in 935 buildings on an area of 115 ha (284.2 acres) (of which 50 ha are woodland) is considered the first of its kind in Germany. All buildings follow the same stylistic concept, with slight variations for

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two consecutive times, for 2016 and 2017, winning for 2017. The city was singled out for its exemplary practices in protecting and enhancing nature and biodiversity and efforts to reduce water consumption. Essen participates in a variety of networks and initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

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In the south of the city, the boroughs of Kettwig and Werden exceptionally stand for towns once of their own, which have been annexed in 1929 (Werden) and 1975 (Kettwig), respectively, and which have largely preserved their pre-annexation character. While most of the northern boroughs were heavily

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The first historic evidence of the important mining tradition of Essen date back to the 14th century, when the princess-abbess was granted mining rights. The first silver mine opened in 1354, but the indisputably more important coal was not mentioned until 1371, and coal mining only began in 1450.

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family's iron works—became one of Germany's most important coal and steel centers. Essen, until the 1970s, attracted workers from all over the country; it was the fifth-largest city in Germany between 1929 and 1988, peaking at over 730,000 inhabitants in 1962. Following the region-wide decline of

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Essen offers a highly diversified health care system with more than 1,350 resident doctors and almost 6,000 beds in 13 hospitals, including a university hospital. The university hospital dates back to 1909, when the city council established a municipal hospital; although it was largely destroyed

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in 1377. However, in 1372, Charles had paradoxically endorsed Rudolph I's 1290 decision and hence left both the abbey and the city in imperial favour. Disputes between the city and the abbey about supremacy over the region remained common until the abbey's dissolution in 1803. Many lawsuits were

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of bombs on the city. Over 270 air raids were launched against the city, destroying 90% of the centre and 60% of the suburbs. On 5 March 1943 Essen was subjected to one of the heaviest air-raids of the war. 461 people were killed, 1,593 injured and a further 50,000 residents of Essen were made

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and has a local body of nineteen members with limited authority. Most of the boroughs were originally independent municipalities but were gradually annexed from 1901 to 1975. This long-lasting process of annexation has led to a strong identification of the population with "their" boroughs or

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in 1949. A notable exception was made in 2007, when Berthold Beitz, the president of the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation received honorary citizenship for his long lasting commitment to the city. The following list contains all honorary citizens of the city of Essen:

2042:. In 1624, a "re-Catholicization" law was enacted, and churchgoing was strictly controlled. In 1628, the city council filed against this at the Reichskammergericht. Maria had to flee to Cologne when the Dutch stormed the city in 1629. She returned in the summer of 1631 following the 2182:. On the morning of 31 March 1923, the culmination of this French-German confrontation occurred when a small French military command, occupied the Krupp car hall to seize several vehicles. This event caused 13 deaths and 28 injured. The occupation of the Ruhr ended in summer 1925. 4552:

systems with 20 underground stations for the U-Stadtbahn and additional four underground stations used by the tram. Two lines of the U-Stadtbahn are completely intersection-free and hence independent from other traffic, and the U18 line leading from Mülheim main station to the

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nobility. This abbey was not an abbey in the ordinary sense, but rather intended as a residence and educational institution for the daughters and widows of the higher nobility; led by an abbess, the members other than the abbess herself were not obliged to take vows of

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Around 852, construction of the collegiate church of the abbey began, to be completed in 870. A major fire in 946 heavily damaged both the church and the settlement. The church was rebuilt, expanded considerably, and is the foundation of the present Essen Cathedral.

1938:, took charge of the abbey. She was to become the most important of all abbesses in the history of Essen. She reigned for over 40 years, and endowed the abbey's treasury with invaluable objects such as the oldest preserved seven branched candelabrum, and the 7094:" (Excerpt from the compilation of monthly reports of the Deputy Commanding Generals to the Prussian War Ministry concerning the morale of the population). 3 March 1917, no. 230/17 g. B. 6., Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe, Abt. 456, vol. 70. Reprinted in 7894: 1958:, and Teophanu, granddaughter of Otto II. It was under the reign of Teophanu that Essen, which had been called a city since 1003, received the right to hold markets in 1041. Ten years later, Teophanu had the eastern part of Essen Abbey constructed. Its 5622:: With a total area of 70 ha (173.0 acres), the park near the exhibition halls is one of the largest urban parks in Germany and, although entry is not free of charge, one of the most popular recreational sites of the city. It includes the city's 2019:, one of them lasting almost 200 years. The final decision of the court in 1670 was that the city had to be "duly obedient in dos and don'ts" to the abbesses but could maintain its old rights—a decision that did not really solve any of the problems. 3361:. People tend to connect the sword in the left shield with one found in the Cathedral Treasury. This sword, however, is much more recent. A slightly modified and more heraldically correct version of the coat of arms can be found on the roof of the 2114:

founded Germany's first cast-steel factory in Essen and laid the cornerstone for what was to be the largest enterprise in Europe for a couple of decades. The weapon factories in Essen became so important that a sign facing the

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The lowest point can be found in the northern borough of Karnap at 26.5 m (86.9 ft), the highest point in the borough of Heidhausen at 202.5 m (664 ft). The average elevation is 116 m (381 ft).

1998:, marched into the city and erected a city wall together with the population. This proved a temporary emancipation of the population of the city from the princess-abbesses, but this lasted only until 1290. That year, King 4794:

is the city's most famous landmark. For decades, the coal mine (current form mainly from 1932, closed in 1986) and the coking plant (closed in 1993) ranked among the largest of their kinds in Europe. Shaft XII, built in

901:(i.e., belonging to a district), with a total population of approximately 1.4 million. The city extends over 21 km (13 mi) from north to south and 17 km (11 mi) from west to east, mainly north of the 4681:

and which had not been substantially renovated over decades, will be redeveloped with a budget of €57 million until early 2010. Other important stations in Essen, where regional and local traffic are connected, are the

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installed a new mayor and a municipal constitution modeled on that of British cities. Later, the city council was again elected by the population. The mayor was elected by the council as its head and as the city's main

4737:: EDLE). While the first flights had already arrived in 1919, it was officially opened on 25 August 1925. Significantly expanded in 1935, Essen/Mülheim became the central airport of the Ruhr area until the end of the 4492:

considered urgent; it has been planned for years but not yet been realized – most importantly due to the high-density areas this extension would lead through, resulting in high costs and concerns with the citizens.

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borders this city. In 1960, the population reached its historical peak of over 720,000 (Essen was the fifth largest German city at that time) due to its booming industrial era of the Ruhr Area and the West German

6807: 4512:(VRR) association of public transport companies in the Ruhr area, which provides a uniform fare structure in the whole region. Within the VRR region, tickets are valid on lines of all members as well as DB's 2038:, the Protestant city and the Catholic abbey opposed each other. In 1623, princess-abbess Maria Clara von Spaur, Pflaum und Valör, managed to direct Catholic Spaniards against the city in order to initiate a 3857:

announced that, after restructuring and splitting off its conventional electricity generation division (coal, gas, atomic energy), it will move its headquarters to Essen in 2016, becoming a sole provider of

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Opened in 1913, the then-New Synagogue served as the central meeting place of Essen's pre-war Jewish community. The building ranks as one of the largest and most impressive testimonies of Jewish culture in

7041: 5416:& Co. The Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation is the sole funder of the €55 million project which was completed in early 2010. After its re-opening, it also hosts the collection of the 1764:

have also been found, although these are not overly numerous. Land utilization was very high—especially due to mining activities during the Industrial Age—and any more major finds, especially from the

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in 2001, the complex, which had lain idle for a long time and was even threatened to be demolished, began to see a period of redevelopment. Under the direction of an agency borne by the land of

7526: 4761:. The latter then developed into the large civil airport that it is now, while Essen/Mülheim now mainly serves occasional air traffic (some 33,000 passengers each year), the base of a fleet of 4654:

system is being held since 1980. Many Ruhrbahn rail lines meet at the main station but only a handful of bus lines. However, all but one of the Night Express bus lines originate from / lead to

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Germany. In post-war Germany, the former house of worship was bought by the city, used as an exhibition hall and later rededicated as a cultural meeting centre and house of Jewish culture.

7746: 4296:, which resulted from a 2003 merger of the universities of Essen and Duisburg, is one of Germany's "youngest" universities with about 42,000 Students. One of its primary research areas is 2205:

During the Nazi era, tens of thousands of slave laborers were forced to work in 350 Essen forced labour camps. Here, they did mining work and worked for companies like Krupp and Siemens.

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area. It is one of the arterial roads of the Ruhr area (> 140,000 vehicles/day) and suffers from heavy congestion during rush hours, which is why many people in the area nicknamed it

4838:, a museum dedicated to the history of the Ruhr area, which had been existing since 1904, opened its gates as one of the anchor attractions in the former coal-washing facility in 2010. 2409:

but had to abandon this privilege later on. Between the early 15th and 20th centuries, the political system of Essen underwent several changes, most importantly the introduction of the

9543: 7551: 1715:, adding to the confusion). Although scholars still dispute the interpretation of the name, there remain a few noteworthy interpretations. The oldest known form of the city's name is 3354:, granted to the city in 1623. The sinister (heraldically left) escutcheon is one of the oldest emblems of Essen and shows a sword that people believed was used to behead the city's 6683: 5688: 6961: 6341: 5412:: One of the Ruhr area's major art collections, mainly from the 19th and 20th centuries. Major parts of the museum have recently been rebuilt and expanded according to plans by 7606: 4924:. The first church on the premises dates back to between 845 and 870; the current church was constructed after a former church had burnt down in 1275. However, the important 4815:

and the city itself, several arts and design institutions settled mainly on the grounds of the former coal mine; a redevelopment plan for the coking plant is to be realised.

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and four districts with some 5.3 million inhabitants. The city limits of Essen itself are 87 km (54 mi) long and border ten cities, five independent and five

5444:: Home of the Essen Philharmonic Orchestra, completely renovated in 2003/2004. Critics have repeatedly voted the Essen Philharmonic as Germany's Orchestra of the Year. 4069:, held every two years. Important fairs restricted to professionals include "Security" (security and fire protection), IPM (gardening) and E-World (energy and water). 8240: 3846:

had originally established their German headquarters in Essen (around 1930), where it remained until 2003, when it was moved to the capital Berlin. In light of the

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is by far the largest event held there. It has been described as "the showcase event of the year for the tuning community" and as the German version of the annual

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The Essen city council governs the city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:

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restored the princess-abbesses to full sovereignty over the city, much to the dismay of the population of the growing city, who called for self-administration and

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In 2017, the public transport organization of Mülheim, the Mülheimer Verkehrsgesellschaft (MVG) and the Essener Verkehrsgesellschaft (EVAG) merged and became the

7948: 7632: 7038: 4143: 2248: 8260: 7002: 6799: 9536: 6657: 4156: 8370: 8255: 8195: 6628: 6323: 4407:(Ruhr expressway, A 40), which runs directly through the city, dividing it roughly in half. In a west-eastern direction, the A 40 connects the Dutch city of 8300: 8270: 5344: 8150: 2237: 634:

Essen is seat to several of the region's authorities, as well as to eight of the 100 largest publicly held German corporations by revenue, including three

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Auszug aus der Zusammenstellung der Monatsberichte der stellv. Generalkommandos an das preußische Kriegsministerium betr. die allgemeine Stimmung im Volke

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became the reference clock for the whole Krupp enterprise; every clock was to be set with a maximum difference of half a minute. It even acquired its own

3993: 1719:, which changed to Essen by way of forms such as Astnidum, Assinde, Essendia and Esnede. The name Astnide may have referred either to a region where many 8325: 8290: 8265: 8165: 8155: 6611: 6523:, is the home stadium for Rot-Weiß, is located in the north of Essen. Rot-Weiss Essen is playing in the third tier of the German football league system, 934:) are quite green and are often quoted as examples of rural structures in the otherwise relatively densely populated central Ruhr area. According to the 8310: 4257: 9992: 8250: 8230: 8215: 8185: 8145: 6402: 3362: 1791: 7515: 6303:

The city of Essen has been awarding honorary citizenships since 1879 but has (coincidentally) discontinued this tradition after the foundation of the

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to the abbey. Another document, describing the foundation of the abbey and allegedly dating back to 870, is now considered an 11th-century forgery.

8180: 8160: 7268: 7164: 7064:"NRW 2000 – Epoche des Nationalsozialismus – Einleitung – Hitler und Mussolini besuchen die "Waffenschmiede des Reiches" und die Krupp-Werke Essen" 6629:"Bevölkerung der Gemeinden Nordrhein-Westfalens am 31. Dezember 2023 – Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes auf Basis des Zensus vom 9. Mai 2011" 6457:, which Berthold Beitz, for example, had already received in 1983. Other bearers of the Ring of Honour include Essen's former Lord Mayor and later 6384: 5670: 5659:

and ship tours. The hilly and only lightly developed forest area around the lake, from which the Kettwig area is easily reachable, is popular with

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At the end of the 16th century, many coal mines had opened in Essen, and the city earned a name as a centre of the weapons industry. Around 1570,

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net's 13 lines, 5 lines lead through Essen territory and meet at the Essen Hauptbahnhof main station, which also serves as the connection to the

4229:(Folkwang Academy). In 2010 the institution began offering graduate studies and was renamed Folkwang University of the Arts. This coincided with 3693: 909: 602: 9890: 6737: 5703: 4300:(i.e., sustainable development, logistics and transportation), a theme largely inspired by the highly urbanised Ruhr area. Other fields include 8305: 8235: 8210: 7715: 6859: 2136: 7655: 4803:

area, is considered an architectural and technical masterpiece, earning it a reputation as the "most beautiful coal mine in the world". After

4127:), a five-minute afternoon news programme, and several radio news programmes. A local broadcasting station went on air in the late 1990s. The 1683:

In German-speaking countries, the name of the city Essen often causes confusion as to its origins, because it has the same form as the German

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in a star-shaped manner. All Ruhrbahn lines, including the Night Express lines, are closed on weekdays from 1:30 a.m. to 4:30 a.m.

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As with most communes in the Ruhr area, local transport is carried out by a local, publicly owned company for transport within the city, the

591: 582:. Because of its central location in the Ruhr, Essen is often regarded as the Ruhr's "secret capital". Two rivers flow through the city: the 244: 9920: 7311: 1802: 646:, Germany's largest energy providers, both headquartered in the city. Essen is also known for its impact on the arts through the respected 7453: 6679: 4936:. The cathedral is located in the centre of the city which evolved around it. It is not spectacular in appearance and the adjacent church 9026: 5298:

Kettwig, which was annexed in 1975, much to the dismay of the population that still struggles for independence, was mainly shaped by the

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On the grounds of the coal mine and the coking plant, which are both accessible free of charge while paid guided tours (some with former

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family's representative seat. The city's land register solely lists the property, which at times had a staff of up to 640 people, as a

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made high profits and in 1620, they produced 14,000 rifles and pistols a year. The city became increasingly important strategically.

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found in 1937. Simply called Steinkiste (Chest of Stone), it is referred to as "Essen's earliest preserved example of architecture".

5332: 9987: 9945: 8069: 7603: 7186: 7147: 6565:, currently called the ETB Wohnbau Baskets for sponsorship reasons. The team is one of the main teams in Germany's second division 2356:

still promote the well-being of the city, for example by supporting a hospital and donating €55,000,000 for a new building for the

7814: 7683: 7372: 6715: 5126:, the 269-room mansion (8,100 m or 87,190 sq ft) and the surrounding park of 28 ha (69.2 acres) served as the 4131:

is one of the most important (print) media companies in Europe and publishes the Ruhr area's two most important daily newspapers,

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and the mayor became both main representative and administrative head. In addition, the population now elects the mayor directly.

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In 1216, the abbey, which had only been an important landowner until then, gained the status of a princely residence when Emperor

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and destinations to most major European cities. It was heavily damaged during the war, yet partly reconstructed and used by the

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The road network of Essen consists of over 3,200 streets, which in total have a length of roughly 1,600 km (994 mi).

4243: 3876: 2441: 2321:. On 8 March 1946, a German Army Officer and a civilian were hanged for the lynching of three British Airmen in December 1944. 2311: 9521: 6769: 7485: 7352:

World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946

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Riots broke out in February 1917 following a breakdown in the supply of flour. There were then strikes in the Krupp factory.

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for regional transport and Deutsche Bahn itself for long-distance journeys. The local carrier, Ruhrbahn, is a member of the

3891: 9955: 8356: 7581: 7063: 6427: 6053: 5183: 2688: 2349: 2231: 575: 7102:(Military and Domestic Policy in the World War, 1914–1918). 2 volumes. Düsseldorf: Droste, 1970, vol. 2, pp. 666–667. 9935: 9495: 6837: 4994: 3069: 2445: 5392: 4281: 9895: 9703: 7858: 7779: 7216: 7111: 5186:

Foundation (major shareholder of Thyssen-Krupp) and was opened for concerts and sporadic yet high-profile exhibitions.

4189:, a university of the arts founded in 1927, which is headquartered in Essen and has additional facilities in Duisburg, 2832: 2562: 2314:, acting as regular infantry and not in a parachute role, entered the city unopposed and captured it on 10 April 1945. 7955: 7629: 4315:, a university of applied sciences with over 6,000 students and branches in 15 other major cities throughout Germany. 9940: 9905: 9500: 7338: 6999: 930:

dredged it with primitive tools. Generally, large areas south of the River Ruhr (including the suburbs of Schuir and

483: 7840: 7330: 6653: 3921: 2426: 2253: 9910: 6346: 5252:, annexed in 1975. Despite its industrial history, Essen is generally regarded as one of Germany's greenest cities. 4966: 2437: 2301: 1979: 5356: 4524:

networks) and can be bought at ticket machines and service centres of Ruhrbahn, all other members of VRR, and DB.

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and an old and probably abandoned castle. Whereas Werden Abbey sought to support Liudger's missionary work in the

999: 9505: 9019: 6470: 5102: 4913: 4462: 4249: 4133: 3290: 2972: 2746: 2652: 983: 667: 647: 9997: 4844: 4350: 3818:, the logistics division of Deutsche Bahn. Other major companies include Germany's largest construction company 3335:

instead of a heraldic crown. The crown, however, does not refer to the city of Essen itself, but instead to the

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beginning in the mid-19th century. Essen reached a population of 100,000 in 1896. Other industrialists, such as

5302:. The most southern borough of Essen is also the city's largest (with regard to area) and presumably greenest. 4624: 4600: 4585: 3951: 2011: 693: 212: 17: 6608: 5999: 4362: 9630: 9347: 5727: 5519: 5308: 4269: 4087: 9883: 9625: 9327: 8062: 6528: 5627: 4953: 4293: 4099: 4075: 3847: 1955: 1768:

era, are not expected. Finds from 3,000 BC and onwards are far more common, the most important one being a

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In 1563, the city council, with its self-conception as the only legitimate ruler of Essen, introduced the

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Resident in Essen since the 16th century, the Krupp family dynasty and Essen shaped each other. In 1811,

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heavy industries in the last decades of the 20th century, the city has seen the development of a strong

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was carried out by the invasion of French and Belgian troops into the Ruhr. The French Prime Minister,

1935: 497: 350: 96: 5368: 5216: 3331:) and consists of two separate shields under a single crown. Most other coats of arms of cities use a 9810: 7458: 6215: 5155: 5009: 4799:

style, with its characteristic winding tower, which over the years has become a symbol for the whole

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network of regional and nationwide high-speed trains, respectively. Following Essen's appointment as

4328:, it was later rebuilt, and finally gained the title of a university hospital in 1963. It focuses on 2477: 2053:

The war proved a severe blow to the city, with frequent arrests, kidnapping and rape. Even after the

1931: 5981: 5450:: Situated in a former Krupp factory building at the fringe of the central pedestrian precinct, the 4892: 3323:

The coat of arms of the city of Essen is a heraldic peculiarity. Granted in 1886, it is a so-called

926:. The lake, a popular recreational area, dates from 1931 to 1933, when some thousands of unemployed 7659: 5228: 5078: 4148: 3936: 3639:

and the 10th largest city in Germany. Essen has also the largest urban density with cities such as

3358: 975: 554:, the largest urban area in Germany. Its population of 586,608 makes it the fourth-largest city of 534: 8010: 7136: 4726: 4711: 8055: 6423: 6209: 6101: 5903: 4986: 4980: 4972: 4941: 4545: 4438:

briefly touches Essen territory, serving as an interconnection between the neighboring cities of

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The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:

2472: 1939: 1868:) in the centre of present-day Essen. The first abbess was Altfrid's relative Gerswit (see also: 1861: 1014:). Without large mountains and the presence of inland seas, it ends up extending a predominantly 890: 654:

industrial product design award. In early 2003, the universities of Essen and the nearby city of

471: 9741: 7308: 6867: 6137: 5787: 1990:) in an official letter. In 1244, 28 years later, Essen received its town charter and seal when 9553: 9551: 8578: 7463: 6438: 6361: 6328: 6221: 6113: 6065: 5948: 5751: 5179: 4812: 4750: 4722: 4341: 4116: 3677: 3120: 2867: 2670: 2580: 2493: 2481: 2410: 2270: 2171: 2023: 943: 939: 730: 679:

Founded around 845, Essen remained a small town within the sphere of influence of an important

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Essen comprises fifty boroughs which in turn are grouped into nine suburban districts (called

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and the oldest free-standing sculpture north of the Alps. Other exhibits include the alleged

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on its own grounds a few kilometers south. The region was sparsely populated with only a few

1757: 706:, which had once been the largest of its kind in Europe. Ultimately closed in 1993, both the 442: 7926: 6516: 4770: 4758: 4571: 9877: 9860: 9845: 9805: 9795: 9746: 9694: 9186: 6508: 6458: 5849: 5739: 5602: 5038: 4880: 4562: 4427:

standards, so that the A 40 is hidden from public view in the inner-city district near the

4305: 3336: 3175: 2195: 2179: 2035: 1999: 621: 452: 345: 9761: 8030: 5651:, situated in the south of the city, is another popular recreational area. It is used for 5261:

and often lost their historic town centres; the more southern parts got off more lightly.

4061:, the world's biggest consumer fair for tabletop gaming, and one of the leading fairs for 2297:

to divert Allied airstrikes from the actual production site of the arms factory in Essen.

8: 9835: 9785: 9721: 7753:(in German). Essener Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft (EVAG). 31 December 2009. Archived from 7246: 6419: 6407: 6266: 6167: 6029: 5491: 5475: 5292: 4808: 4689: 4218: 4186: 4167:, both of which had been independent weekly newspapers for parts of Essen. Additionally, 4050: 3367: 2242: 2054: 2039: 2016: 1821: 1796: 719: 663: 9780: 9726: 5066: 5054: 4707: 2175: 2086: 9855: 9756: 9751: 8245: 7818: 7680: 6940: 6705: 6574: 6278: 5930: 5891: 5413: 5131: 4655: 4630: 4577: 4428: 4042: 3725: 3373: 2937: 2616: 2418: 2406: 2116: 2007: 2003: 1737: 1018:

is found in Essen, usually a little more extreme and drier in other continents in such

942:

and the third-greenest city in Germany. The city has been shortlisted for the title of

9790: 9654: 9246: 6185: 5505: 5291:

in 1993, while the main building of the former abbey today is the headquarters of the

78: 9825: 9731: 9716: 9711: 9397: 9282: 8041: 7591: 7289: 6548: 6389: 6313: 6089: 5993: 5539: 5447: 4734: 4730: 4670: 4662: 4558: 4521: 4481: 4469: 4450: 4435: 4404: 4399: 4387: 3957: 3827: 3681: 3653: 3351: 2340:

Although weaponry is no longer produced in Essen, old industrial enterprises such as

1877: 1706: 1664: 1602: 1554: 974:, located south of the Ruhr River, and which was not annexed until 1975, has its own 321: 173: 5897: 5861: 4692:, Kray and Steele. Further 20 S-Bahn stations can be found in the whole urban area. 3803:

and originates from a 1999 merger between Duisburg-based Thyssen AG and Essen-based

938:, Essen with 9.2% of its area covered by recreational green is the greenest city in 121: 9865: 9840: 9830: 9820: 9775: 9766: 9402: 8898: 8090: 6532: 6462: 6378: 6254: 6239: 6233: 6017: 5957: 5915: 5623: 5299: 5258: 5192: 4774: 4742: 4738: 4666: 4337: 4168: 4128: 4038: 3859: 3851: 3808: 3328: 2759: 2449: 2290: 2214: 2140: 2124: 1784: 894: 796: 638:-listed corporations. Essen is often considered the energy capital of Germany with 628: 607: 333: 9004: 8818: 6449: – president of the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation 6272: 6191: 5885: 4561:. The Essen Stadtbahn is one of the Stadtbahn systems integrated into the greater 4221:

also in Essen. The Folkwang University is home to the international dance company

2317:

After the successful invasion of Germany by the allies, Essen was assigned to the

2198:

was sacked, but remained through the whole war in the exterior almost intact. The

982:, whereas all other boroughs of Essen and some neighbouring cities constitute the 9850: 9800: 8678: 8498: 7687: 7641: 7636: 7610: 7586: 7426: 7334: 7315: 7296: 7143: 7125: 7045: 7006: 6944: 6615: 6589: 6585: 6512: 6466: 6284: 6260: 6203: 6149: 6131: 6071: 5975: 5695: 5511: 5467: 5457: 5409: 5163: 4766: 4591: 4532: 4485: 3719: 3150: 2386: 2373: 2357: 2274: 2199: 2111: 1724: 1015: 995: 433: 7067: 6558:, with a handball team that have won several national and international titles. 4826:) are available, several tourist attractions can be found, most importantly the 4420: 4308:

and "education in the 21st century". Another university in Essen is the private

965:) often named after the most important boroughs. Each Stadtbezirk is assigned a 132: 9982: 9427: 8348: 7709: 7615: 7438: 6446: 6352: 6245: 6227: 6155: 6143: 6095: 5656: 5638: 5612:(Moltke Quarter): from 1908 on, following reformative plans of the city deputy 5553: 5481: 5288: 4536: 4310: 4301: 4123:

area. Each day, it produces a 30-minute regional evening news magazine (called

3625:

Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. Source:

2430: 2422: 2405:, one of whom was placed in charge of the treasury. In 1377, Essen was granted 2390: 2144: 914: 680: 625: 596: 9447: 8948: 6829: 5173: 5123: 148: 9971: 9615: 9196: 9191: 8803: 8320: 8285: 8130: 8120: 7095: 6536: 6520: 6501: 6365: 6173: 6035: 5987: 5942: 5873: 5855: 5843: 5837: 5831: 5609: 5525: 5497: 5441: 5427: 4945: 4549: 4505: 4443: 4383: 4062: 3644: 2206: 2191: 1943: 1850: 1807: 1433: 966: 788: 687:, until the onset of industrialization. The city then—especially through the 294: 281: 152: 144: 85: 9605: 9095: 7783: 7269:"bomber command | mines laid | flight august | 1945 | 1571 | Flight Archive" 6197: 4557:

station at the gates of the city centre partly runs above ground amidst the

4473: 2217:

for his role in this but was pardoned by the US in 1951. There were several

563: 9377: 9166: 8983: 8518: 8110: 8105: 7023:

Essen vor der Geschichte – Die Archäologie der Stadt bis zum 9. Jahrhundert

6742: 6486: 6290: 6179: 6119: 6107: 6083: 6077: 6059: 6047: 6005: 5969: 5909: 5648: 5269: 5119: 5045: 4513: 4325: 4198: 3882: 3839: 3807:. The largest company registered only in Essen is Germany's second-largest 3796: 3355: 3339: 2539: 2505: 2468: 2460: 2398: 2341: 2306:

The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Essen in April 1945. The US

2222: 2128: 2120: 1946:

in the western world. Mathilde was succeeded by other women related to the

1884: 1880: 1751: 1698: 1688: 1670: 923: 902: 851: 707: 587: 379: 160: 9407: 9317: 9312: 8918: 8763: 8548: 3346:

under the reign of the princess-abbesses. The dexter (heraldically right)

1801:

castle in the south of Essen dates back to the eighth century, the nearby

9292: 8959: 8658: 8425: 7844: 7327: 7116: 7050: 6710: 6555: 6161: 6011: 5936: 5277: 5139: 4957: 4909: 4030: 3972: 3815: 3778: 3699: 3343: 3332: 3303: 2440:, Essen was the home of the Essen Tendency (Essener Richtung) within the 2425:

of the principality in 1803. The territory was made part of the Prussian

2402: 2394: 2385:

The administration of Essen had for a long time been in the hands of the

2368: 2210: 2147:

to the city, also played a major role in the shaping of the city and the

1920: 1896: 1869: 961: 725:

Notable accomplishments of the city in recent years include the title of

684: 9482: 8913: 4141:(NRZ; 180,000 copies). In Essen, the WAZ Group also publishes the local 3760: 783: 616:. The central and northern boroughs of Essen historically belong to the 9669: 9649: 9452: 9442: 9432: 9372: 9357: 9352: 9337: 9251: 8853: 8508: 8225: 8100: 8095: 7604:"The Continental: Essen Motor Show, European Politics, and BMW Remarks" 6482: 6474: 6433: 6395: 6334: 6125: 5879: 5471: 5463: 4917: 4651: 4439: 4054: 4034: 3648: 3307:

Hotel Handelshof with modified coat of arms and former unofficial motto

3034: 2634: 2464: 2414: 2070: 1916: 1765: 1684: 927: 886: 846: 755: 617: 571: 459: 438: 371: 103: 9664: 9659: 9387: 9241: 8993: 8823: 8036: 5805:

Sculptures by Friedrich Gräsel and Gloria Friedmann at the Moltkeplatz

4745:

runway of 1,553 m (5,095 ft), another unsurfaced runway for

4718: 4477: 4057:

and racing interests. Other important fairs open to consumers include

3870:

announced it would move its headquarters to Essen at the end of 2017.

1962:

contains the tombs of St. Altfrid, Mathilde II, and Teophanu herself.

1711: 1693: 801: 9684: 9674: 9575: 9477: 9437: 9417: 9412: 9342: 9297: 9266: 9261: 9226: 9201: 9151: 9125: 9120: 9105: 8941: 8778: 8698: 8693: 8618: 8598: 8528: 8415: 7921: 7039:"Mapping Ancient Germania: Berlin Researchers Crack the Ptolemy Code" 6562: 6544: 6535:, located in the southern part of the city. Other football clubs are 6374: 5963: 5676: 5644: 5619: 5431: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5135: 5134:. At the time of its construction, the villa featured some technical 4921: 4528: 4517: 4230: 4046: 3707: 2453: 2278: 2159: 2043: 1892: 1761: 1011: 919: 873: 750: 711: 613: 579: 9221: 8773: 8573: 8047: 4699:. All vehicles and staff were merged and are now operated together. 4476:. On Essen territory, the A 52 runs from the southern boroughs near 4419:(Ruhr crawling way). A tunnel was built in the 1970s, when the then- 1787:), although a clear distinction among these groupings is difficult. 1775:

Essen was part of the settlement areas of several Germanic peoples (

868: 114: 9679: 9600: 9595: 9462: 9302: 9236: 9176: 9171: 9146: 9085: 8968: 8923: 8903: 8848: 8728: 8563: 8558: 8405: 8125: 6355: 6122:(born 1961), convicted murderer known as the Cannibal of Rothenburg 5867: 5170:, which is still a regular stop. The Krupp family had to leave the 4925: 4777:(≈30 driving minutes) for both domestic and international flights. 4762: 4501: 4424: 4333: 4210: 4202: 4197:. Since 1927, its traditional main location has been in the former 4194: 4066: 4021: 3942: 3867: 3831: 3819: 3800: 3737: 3713: 3636: 2353: 2104: 1947: 1905: 1780: 1769: 1720: 1030: 1019: 840: 835: 777: 772: 655: 547: 518: 9307: 8808: 2401:

increasingly grew in importance. In 1335, it started choosing two

1846: 857: 761: 729:

on behalf of the whole Ruhr area in 2010 and the selection as the

143:

Clockwise from top: Skyline of the city, Essen Business District,

9644: 9635: 9590: 9422: 9367: 9287: 9256: 9216: 9115: 9110: 9090: 9059: 9054: 8963: 8863: 8758: 8748: 8713: 8633: 8588: 8583: 8478: 8448: 8220: 8115: 7891:"Official Site of the State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphaila" 7299:, German Marshall Fund of the United States accessed 3 April 2010 6524: 5652: 5273: 5249: 4831: 4796: 4746: 3766: 3731: 3631:

Essen has a population of 586,608 and is the 2nd largest city in

2334: 2294: 2218: 2178:, was convinced that Germany failed to comply the demands of the 1873: 1857: 1835: 1831: 1816: 971: 947:

and improve the city's resilience in the face of climate change.

931: 862: 822: 766: 651: 583: 559: 489: 314: 67: 8788: 8733: 6497: 3313: 2026:. The Catholic abbey had no troops to counter this development. 1756:

in the northern part of the city during the construction of the

9580: 9570: 9457: 9206: 9181: 9156: 9141: 9080: 9064: 9049: 8893: 8883: 8878: 8868: 8838: 8833: 8668: 8613: 8568: 8553: 8538: 8488: 8468: 8458: 8428: 8395: 8135: 7419: 5660: 5435: 5419: 5265: 4804: 4458: 4454: 4206: 4190: 3835: 3743: 3665: 3657: 3640: 2283: 2057:

from 1648, troops remained in the city until 9 September 1650.

1900: 1776: 1007: 827: 715: 6654:"Heimatabend Essen – Die heimliche Hauptstadt des Ruhrgebiets" 4171:

run a printing facility for their boulevard-style daily paper

2429:

from 1815 to 1822, after which it became part of the Prussian

2372:

Old and new government seats: Essen Cathedral (front) and the

2050:, only to leave again in September. She died 1644 in Cologne. 1915:

The first documented mention of Essen dates back to 898, when

9620: 9467: 9392: 9382: 9332: 9322: 9231: 8934: 8743: 8683: 8648: 8643: 8603: 8438: 5159: 5127: 4929: 4821: 4408: 4233:, the festival in which the Ruhr district was designated the 4058: 3804: 3772: 3661: 2135:) in 1937. The Krupp Works also were the main reason for the 2077: 1959: 1924: 1742: 688: 6800:"Essen, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)" 4769:

company. Residents of the region around Essen typically use

4119:

has a studio in Essen, which is responsible for the central

2348:

remain large employers in the city. Foundations such as the

2329: 9585: 9362: 9211: 9161: 8978: 8793: 8708: 8628: 7780:"Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs" 6566: 5285: 5142:, such as a central hot air heating system, own water- and 4800: 4688:(regional railway stations) in the boroughs of Altenessen, 4412: 4173: 4120: 3912: 3854: 3823: 3632: 2148: 1888: 1702: 1649: 882: 639: 551: 7749:[Small EVAG Statistics 2010* (*as of 31.12.2009)] 5244: 650:, its Zollverein School of Management and Design, and the 9472: 5438:

interior is home to the acclaimed Essen Opera and Ballet.

4754: 4201:

in Essen in the Ruhr area, with additional facilities in

3927: 3897: 3863: 3811: 3795:

Essen is home to several large companies, among them the

2345: 1899:), Essen Abbey was meant to care for women of the higher 922:

in the boroughs of Fischlaken, Kupferdreh, Heisingen and

643: 635: 8023: 510: 6569:

and has attempted to move up to Germany's elite league

2512:(CDU), who was elected in 2015 and re-elected in 2020. 666:

in Essen. In 1958, Essen was chosen as the seat to the

5679:, Kranichwiese facing the Orangerie and the sculpture 5430:: Opened in 1988 (the plans dating back to 1959), the 4753:

as a secondary airport since visibility is less often

590:, which is dammed in Essen to form the Lake Baldeney ( 7395:"Origin of the sword in the Essen Cathedral Treasury" 5182:. Given back in 1952, Villa Hügel is now seat of the 4185:

One renowned educational institution in Essen is the

3814:. Essen hosts parts of the corporate headquarters of 2269:

As a major industrial centre, Essen was a target for

1006:) with cool winters and warm summers (different from 4472:

connects Essen with the more southern region around

3799:

industrial conglomerate which is also registered in

970:

districts and to a rare peculiarity: The borough of

9034: 4344:being the second-largest of its kind in the world. 4037:each year. With around 530.000 visitors each year, 2448:. Essen became one of the centres of resistance to 2293:(German: Kruppsche Nachtscheinanlage) was built in 7690:New Name and Building, 10 January 2010 (in German) 6618:, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 19 June 2021. 5276:founded the later cornerstone of the modern city, 624:) language area, and the south of the city to the 7747:"Kleine EVAG Statistik 2010* (*stand 31.12.2009)" 7137:"The occupation of the Ruhr (Germany, 1923–1925)" 5403: 4960:and several other art works from Ottonian times. 4677:2010, the main station, which is classified as a 9969: 8378: 7525:(in German). Essen. September 2019. p. 22. 7354:(Revised Edition, 2006), Stackpole Books, p. 97. 4956:, the eldest preserved seven-branched Christian 4944:(around 980), the oldest known sculpture of the 4785: 1974:Alte Kirche (Old Church, built 1887), Altenessen 658:(both established in 1972) were merged into the 7100:Militär und Innenpolitik im Weltkrieg 1914–1918 7066:. Nrw2000.de. 25 September 1937. Archived from 6894:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 6738:"Top ten: Das sind Deutschlands grünste Städte" 6485:for having saved about 800 Jewish lives during 4539:lines and 57 bus lines (16 of these serving as 4225:(FTS). In 1963 the Folkwang school was renamed 3694:List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany 4390:towards the central business district of Essen 4053:, the Essen show is smaller and is focused on 3999:Deutsche Bank branch in the financial district 3785: 3350:shows the double-headed Imperial Eagle of the 2463:era (1933–1945), mayors were installed by the 2397:. However, from the 14th century onwards, the 2151:area in the late 19th and early 20th century. 2092:The historic house of the Krupp Family in 2014 1923:, willed territory on the western bank of the 1741:, dates back to 280,000 – 250,000 BC. It is a 1723:were found or to a region in the East (of the 9537: 9020: 8364: 8063: 7397:. Regesta-imperii.adwmainz.de. Archived from 7290:Essen, Germany – Transatlantic Cities Network 6414:(spouse of Friedrich Alfred Krupp, see above) 6074:(1787–1826), founder of Krupp family business 5709:Grugapark, Reichsgartenschau 1938, Keramikhof 4903: 4480:past the fairground and then merges with the 3687: 3091: 2154: 7949:"Speech by Mayor Wolfgang Reiniger (German)" 7089: 6554:Another important and famous sports club is 6527:, and Schwarz-Weiß Essen in the fifth tier, 6453:Today, the highest award of the city is the 6373:1901 Heinrich Carl Sölling – 5451: 5178:mansion in 1945, when it was annexed by the 5171: 5158:alarm for the staff). The mansion's central 4819: 4683: 4650:On the same motorway, a long-term test of a 4488:Essen-Ost junction east of the city centre. 4403:touch Essen territory, most importantly the 2360:, one of the Ruhr area's major art museums. 2282:homeless. On 13 December 1944 three British 697: 671: 7582:"Getting to grips with the essential Essen" 7420:Statistisches Landesamt Nordrhein-Westfalen 7318:, eurotravelling.net, accessed 3 April 2010 6830:"World Weather Information Service – Essen" 6573:. The Baskets play their home games at the 5027:Essen Minster overshadowed by the town hall 1841: 9552:Urban and rural districts in the state of 9544: 9530: 9027: 9013: 8371: 8357: 8335: 8070: 8056: 7367:[Time-line of the City of Essen]. 6890:"Essen-Bredeney Climate Normals 1991–2020" 5846:(1922–2010), entrepreneur; brother of Karl 4263:Zollverein School of Management and Design 3671: 811:Map of the Districts and Boroughs of Essen 9993:Urban districts of North Rhine-Westphalia 9511:Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants 6633:Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW 6609:Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020 6582:1955 nine-pin bowling World Championships 6062:(1886–1957), daughter of Friedrich Alfred 5990:(1901–2007), centenarian and WW1 survivor 4411:with Dortmund, running through the whole 3751: 2763:Results of the 2020 city council election 2380: 1033:, 1991−2020 normals, extremes 1961-1990) 7187:"Ausstellung erinnert an Zwangsarbeiter" 7148:International Committee of the Red Cross 6860:"Extreme temperature records since 1850" 6496: 5243: 4706: 4382: 4378: 4020: 3312: 3302: 2758: 2367: 2328: 2260: 2158: 1969: 1845: 1669: 517: 7979: 7815:"European Route of Industrial Heritage" 7451: 6955: 6369:(spouse of Margarethe Krupp, see below) 6134:(1945–2011), pornographic film director 4792:Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex 4773:(≈20 driving minutes) and occasionally 4717:Together with the neighbouring city of 3684:, was named after the river and Essen. 2324: 2185: 704:Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex 157:Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex 36:City in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany 14: 9970: 6930:from the original on 30 September 2023 6531:. Schwarz-Weiß Essens home stadium is 6432:1949 Viktor Niemeyer – 5484:, a theatre in the centre of the city. 3866:-listed chemical distribution company 3398: 1965: 881:Essen is located in the centre of the 578:, and is part of the cultural area of 399:210.34 km (81.21 sq mi) 9525: 9008: 8352: 8077: 8051: 8011:Timeline of Essen § Bibliography 7562:from the original on 16 February 2017 7193:from the original on 26 February 2014 6920:"Essen (10410) – WMO Weather Station" 6473:. Berthold Beitz (1973) and his wife 5239: 4618:Essen Hauptbahnhof in the city centre 4548:stock, is a mixture of tram and full 4453:, a highly segmented connection from 3900:headquarters in the business district 2048:Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim 1678: 936:Federal Statistical Office of Germany 570:of Germany. Essen lies in the larger 533: 7532:from the original on 8 February 2021 6964:from the original on 24 January 2014 6912: 6882: 6810:from the original on 31 January 2019 6298: 6054:Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach 5184:Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach 5118:Built in 1873 by industrial magnate 2350:Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach 2202:synagogue was completely destroyed. 2060: 2029: 1735:The oldest archaeological find, the 8033:, panoramic views and virtual tours 7925:. 28 September 2009. Archived from 7859:"Die gesündeste Stadt Deutschlands" 7736:Bundesverkehrswegeplan 2003, p. 124 6561:The city's main basketball team is 5906:(1899–1975), agricultural economist 5146:and electric internal and external 4495: 3070:Human Environment Animal Protection 2442:Communist Workers' Party of Germany 1691:for "eating" (written as lowercase 696:. The most notable witness of this 662:with campuses in both cities and a 586:in the north, and in the south the 24: 8334: 7439:"Germany: States and Major Cities" 7257:from the original on 11 July 2019. 6840:from the original on 10 March 2021 6822: 6750:from the original on 30 April 2017 6718:from the original on 29 April 2016 6660:from the original on 17 April 2021 6212:(1921–2008), composer and organist 5280:. The old church of Werden abbey, 4527:As of 2009, Ruhrbahn operates 3 U- 4332:(West German Heart Centre Essen), 4330:diseases of the circulatory system 3842:, Europe's largest shoe retailer. 3393: 2163:French troops enter Essen in 1923. 1760:in 1926. Other artifacts from the 806: 266:Show map of North Rhine-Westphalia 25: 10009: 8015: 7871:from the original on 30 July 2017 7496:from the original on 4 March 2021 7339:University of the West of England 7120:EinesTages; retrieved 4 May 2012 6020:(1882–1951), university professor 5815:Further information (in German): 5810: 5694:Grugapark, Sculpture "Trauer" by 5338:Essen Werden historic town centre 2471:, the military government of the 2308:507th Parachute Infantry Regiment 2277:(RAF) dropping a total of 36,429 954: 9978:Cities in North Rhine-Westphalia 9693: 7893:. Landtag.nrw.de. Archived from 7189:(in German). 12 September 2010. 6780:from the original on 10 May 2017 6686:from the original on 20 May 2017 6656:(in German). 10 September 2014. 6584:and the final round of the FIBA 6080:(1930–1993), football goalkeeper 5798: 5786: 5781:Marketplace of Margarethenhöhe I 5774: 5762: 5750: 5738: 5726: 5714: 5702: 5687: 5669: 5584: 5572: 5560: 5546: 5532: 5518: 5504: 5490: 5391: 5379: 5367: 5355: 5343: 5331: 5319: 5307: 5272:around 799, 45 years before St. 5227: 5215: 5203: 5191: 5101: 5089: 5077: 5065: 5053: 5032: 5020: 5008: 4993: 4979: 4965: 4908:The former collegiate church of 4891: 4879: 4867: 4855: 4843: 4645:Platforms at Kaiser-Wilhelm-Park 4638: 4623: 4611: 4599: 4584: 4570: 4361: 4349: 4280: 4268: 4256: 4242: 4098: 4086: 4074: 4004: 3992: 3980: 3965: 3950: 3935: 3920: 3905: 3890: 3875: 3728:, England, United Kingdom (1949) 3276: 3275: 3257: 3256: 3199: 3198: 3188: 3187: 3133: 3132: 3058: 3057: 3047: 3046: 3023: 3022: 3012: 3011: 2985: 2984: 2961: 2960: 2950: 2949: 2926: 2925: 2915: 2914: 2891: 2890: 2880: 2879: 2856: 2855: 2845: 2844: 2821: 2820: 2810: 2809: 2446:Communist Workers' International 2302:Bombing of Essen in World War II 2085: 2069: 1730: 867: 856: 845: 834: 821: 795: 782: 771: 760: 749: 250: 243: 218: 211: 182: 172: 131: 120: 113: 102: 95: 84: 77: 66: 9988:Districts of the Rhine Province 9036:Cities in Germany by population 8004: 7973: 7941: 7909: 7883: 7851: 7841:"Official Villa Hügel Web Page" 7833: 7807: 7790: 7772: 7739: 7730: 7693: 7674: 7648: 7622: 7596: 7574: 7544: 7508: 7478: 7454:"School colors glimpse history" 7445: 7431: 7413: 7387: 7357: 7344: 7321: 7302: 7283: 7261: 7231: 7205: 7179: 7153: 7130: 7105: 7082: 7056: 7032: 7015: 6993: 6976: 6949: 6852: 6588:. The city is also home to the 6412: – benefactress 6242:(1923–1996), Holocaust survivor 6068:(1854–1902), steel manufacturer 6056:(1907–1967), Nazi industrialist 5386:Historic town centre of Kettwig 4250:Folkwang University of the Arts 4134:Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung 3805:Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp 3379: 3298: 3172: 3147: 3117: 3066: 3031: 3002:Essen Citizens' Alliance (EBB) 2969: 2934: 2899: 2864: 2829: 2794: 2754: 2682: 2664: 2646: 2628: 2610: 2592: 2574: 2556: 2536: 2433:until its dissolution in 1946. 2010:was finally granted by Emperor 1674:Essen on an engraving from 1647 1663:For a chronological guide, see 817:(Map of districts and boroughs) 668:Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen 648:Folkwang University of the Arts 576:second largest by GDP in the EU 7452:Harvath, Les (18 March 2007). 7027:Essen – Geschichte einer Stadt 6792: 6762: 6730: 6698: 6672: 6646: 6621: 6602: 6287:(born 1993), volleyball player 6032:(1908–2003), military educator 5596: 5404:Other important cultural sites 5350:Protestant church Essen Werden 5295:of music and performing arts. 5113: 4912:and nowadays cathedral of the 4029:The city's exhibition centre, 3678:City of Monessen, Pennsylvania 3098:Social Liberal Alliance (SLB) 2504:The current mayor of Essen is 2427:Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg 1950:emperors: Sophia, daughter of 1864:, founded an abbey for women ( 694:tertiary sector of the economy 13: 1: 7817:. En.erih.net. Archived from 6706:"Kommunen: Der Tausendfüßler" 6595: 6477:(2006) are recipients of the 6342:Johann Heinrich Peter Beising 5424:(more than 340 000 exhibits). 4786:Zollverein Industrial Complex 4679:station of highest importance 4461:, planned to go further into 2333:View over Central Essen from 566:and Dortmund, as well as the 550:, second-largest city of the 251: 219: 155:, UNESCO world heritage site 8380:European Capitals of Culture 7982:"Honorary Citizens of Essen" 7630:"Germany's Essen Motor Show" 7239:"Krupp's Trial at Nuremberg" 6547:are members of top division 6529:Oberliga Nordrhein-Westfalen 5972:(born 1944), race car driver 5900:(1896–1962), Nazi politician 5628:Botanischer Garten Grugapark 5466:, a former coal mine, now a 4920:hall church made from light 4780: 4765:and Germany's oldest public 4373: 4294:University of Duisburg-Essen 4180: 3848:Energy transition in Germany 2438:German Revolution of 1918–19 2265:Devastation of Krupp factory 1944:sculpture of the Virgin Mary 1860:(around 800–874), the later 736: 660:University of Duisburg-Essen 546:) is the central and, after 7: 7215:(in German). Archived from 7163:(in German). Archived from 6479:Righteous Among the Nations 6305:Federal Republic of Germany 6236:(born 1954), electrochemist 6188:(1911–1978), opera director 5852:(1908–1954), operatic tenor 5721:Grugapark illuminated, 2015 5374:Essen Werden, old town hall 4702: 4675:European Capital of Culture 4342:bone marrow transplantation 4318: 4313:für Ökonomie und Management 4235:European Capital of Culture 4011:Emschergenossenschaft Essen 3786:Industry and infrastructure 3340:ecclesiastical principality 2488:. In 1999, the position of 2444:. In 1922 they founded the 2363: 1934:, granddaughter of Emperor 1506:Average precipitation days 1292:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1152:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 727:European Capital of Culture 702:(structural change) is the 681:ecclesiastical principality 428:2,800/km (7,200/sq mi) 10: 10014: 9816:Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis 8008: 7984:. Essen.de. Archived from 7798:RVV-Verkehrsstatistik 2007 6218:(1908–1981), tennis player 6116:(born 1941), tennis player 6044:(1869–1939), art collector 5912:(born 1965), track athlete 5864:(1946–1976), serial killer 5821: 5814: 5036: 5001:Cross of Otto and Mathilde 4904:Essen Minster and treasury 4544:which partly runs on used 4510:Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr 4457:and the Belgian border to 4356:Elisabethkrankenhaus Essen 4213:, and, since 2010, at the 4137:(WAZ; 580,000 copies) and 4105:Messe Essen south entrance 4081:Messe Essen south entrance 3790: 3691: 3688:Twin towns – sister cities 3174: 3149: 3119: 3097: 3068: 3033: 3001: 2971: 2936: 2901: 2866: 2831: 2798:Christian Democratic Union 2796: 2687: 2684: 2669: 2666: 2651: 2648: 2633: 2630: 2615: 2612: 2597: 2594: 2579: 2576: 2561: 2558: 2545:Christian Democratic Union 2543: 2538: 2510:Christian Democratic Union 2319:British Zone of Occupation 2299: 2155:World War I and occupation 2143:, who in 1892 donated the 2133:Waffenschmiede des Reiches 1982:called abbess Elisabeth I 1662: 1658: 1647: 1028: 989: 741: 26: 9874: 9702: 9691: 9561: 9491: 9275: 9134: 9073: 9042: 8386: 8332: 8086: 7804:Traffic Statistics 2007). 7656:"Messe Essen | FAQs" 7459:Pittsburgh Tribune-Review 7365:"Chronik der Stadt Essen" 7090: 7009:, City of Essen, undated 6216:Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling 6152:(1899–1973), psychiatrist 5840:(1920–2014), entrepreneur 5817:List of people from Essen 5643:: The largest of the six 5456:has been home to several 5452: 4446:and destinations beyond. 4368:University Hospital Essen 4340:, with the department of 4093:Messe Essen east entrance 4049:. As contrasted with the 3624: 3411:— 3288: 3266:Electorate/voter turnout 3265: 3241: 3224: 3207: 2774: 2744: 2734:Electorate/voter turnout 2733: 2722: 2711: 2700: 2689:National Democratic Party 2649:Karlgeorg Raimund Krüger 2522: 2194:on 10 November 1938, the 1600: 1552: 1505: 1431: 1361: 1291: 1221: 1151: 1081: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 885:area, one of the largest 805: 522:Logo of the city of Essen 506: 496: 482: 470: 449: 432: 424: 416: 411: 403: 395: 390: 369: 364: 356: 344: 332: 320: 310: 275: 205: 196: 168: 59: 50: 41: 6990:103 (1989/90), pp. 27–51 6943:31 January 2019, at the 6770:"European Green Capital" 6680:"European Green Capital" 6492: 6467:Franz Cardinal Hengsbach 6008:(born 1949), philosopher 5154:systems (with a central 4465:, ends in Essens south. 4338:transplantation medicine 4110: 4016: 3359:Saints Cosmas and Damian 2499: 1842:Eighth–twelfth centuries 1745:found in the borough of 1029:Climate data for Essen ( 978:and remains part of the 407:116 m (381 ft) 360:9 districts, 50 boroughs 7590:, 6 December 2006, via 7341:, accessed 3 April 2010 7328:The Essen Lynching Case 7161:"Geschichte des Hauses" 7124:2 February 2014 at the 6960:(in German). Essen.de. 6958:"Origin of place names" 6543:. In women's football, 6426:and army leader, later 6275:(1877–1945), politician 6269:(born 1965), politician 6257:(1928–2004), footballer 6210:Magdalene Schauss-Flake 6200:(born 1996), footballer 6182:(born 1955), footballer 6176:(born 1938), footballer 6170:(1927–2021), theologian 6164:(1929–2003), footballer 6140:(1901–1978), politician 6128:(born 1958), footballer 6110:(born 1969), footballer 6102:Issachar Berend Lehmann 6098:(1894–1970), flying ace 6092:(1900–1974), Nazi guard 6002:(born 1993), footballer 5984:(1921–2016), politician 5966:(born 1963), journalist 5945:(born 1978), footballer 5918:(born 1978), footballer 5888:(1896–1959), politician 5882:(born 1981), footballer 5870:(born 1953), politician 5567:Grugahalle concert hall 5460:productions since 1996. 5434:building with its deep 4987:Golden Madonna of Essen 4973:Golden Madonna of Essen 4942:Golden Madonna of Essen 4862:Shaft XII of Zollverein 4546:Docklands Light Railway 4516:(except the high-speed 4139:Neue Ruhr/Rhein Zeitung 3756:Essen cooperates with: 3672:International relations 3291:State Returning Officer 2903:Alternative for Germany 2833:Social Democratic Party 2747:State Returning Officer 2599:Alternative for Germany 2563:Social Democratic Party 2484:was led by a full-time 2473:British occupation zone 2225:, such as the subcamps 2170:On 11 January 1923 the 2137:large population growth 1940:Golden Madonna of Essen 676:(diocese of the Ruhr). 9926:North Rhine-Westphalia 9921:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 9554:North Rhine-Westphalia 8579:Santiago de Compostela 8340: 7635:19 August 2014 at the 7486:"Essens Partnerstädte" 7142:9 October 2021 at the 6864:meteorologyclimate.com 6515:(Red-White Essen) and 6504: 6439:posthumous recognition 6362:Friedrich Alfred Krupp 6337:, lawyer and economist 6263:(1604–1653), commodore 6158:(born 1967), guitarist 6146:(1862-????), architect 6114:Helga Niessen Masthoff 6066:Friedrich Alfred Krupp 5982:Hildegard Hamm-Brücher 5960:(1930–2005), architect 5949:Friedrich Karl Florian 5858:(1801–1859), publisher 5834:(1935–2014), conductor 5826:People born in Essen: 5793:Margarethenhöhe houses 5253: 5172: 5108:Old Synagogue interior 4820: 4813:North Rhine-Westphalia 4723:North Rhine-Westphalia 4714: 4684: 4391: 4117:Westdeutscher Rundfunk 4026: 3752:Cooperation agreements 3318: 3308: 3121:German Communist Party 2868:Alliance 90/The Greens 2764: 2671:German Communist Party 2581:Alliance 90/The Greens 2494:North Rhine-Westphalia 2411:Protestant Reformation 2381:Historical development 2377: 2337: 2312:17th Airborne Division 2266: 2172:Occupation of the Ruhr 2164: 2132: 2127:to the "Armory of the 2024:Protestant Reformation 1988:Princess of the Empire 1975: 1853: 1812:to the ninth century. 1675: 980:Archdiocese of Cologne 944:European Green Capital 940:North Rhine-Westphalia 812: 731:European Green Capital 698: 672: 670:(often referred to as 556:North Rhine-Westphalia 523: 327:North Rhine-Westphalia 29:Essen (disambiguation) 8338: 8037:Pictures from Kettwig 7847:on 12 September 2008. 7516:"Essen.International" 7044:2 August 2014 at the 7025:, in Borsdorf (Ed.): 6571:Basketball Bundesliga 6541:TuS Helene Altenessen 6519:(Black-White Essen). 6500: 6318:Chancellor of Germany 6206:(born 1946), diplomat 6050:(1812–1887), inventor 6042:Helene Kröller-Müller 6014:(1839–1896), engineer 5894:(1905–1942), sculptor 5474:concerts and home of 5247: 4832:Red Dot Design Museum 4727:Essen/Mülheim Airport 4712:Essen/Mülheim Airport 4710: 4386: 4379:Streets and motorways 4144:Borbecker Nachrichten 4024: 3885:headquarters in Essen 3844:The Coca-Cola Company 3680:, situated along the 3385:Historical population 3316: 3306: 2973:Free Democratic Party 2762: 2685:Detlef Albert Fergeé 2653:Free Democratic Party 2577:Mehrdad Mostofizadeh 2421:, and the subsequent 2371: 2332: 2300:Further information: 2264: 2209:was convicted in the 2162: 1996:Archbishop of Cologne 1992:Konrad von Hochstaden 1973: 1849: 1815:Recent research into 1697:), and/or the German 1673: 1020:geographical location 893:), comprising eleven 889:in Europe (see also: 810: 574:metropolitan region, 531:German pronunciation: 521: 451: • Summer ( 9931:Rhineland-Palatinate 9796:Oberbergischer Kreis 9506:Metropolitan regions 9187:Freiburg im Breisgau 8044:, sites-of-memory.de 8031:Essen city panoramas 7786:on 6 September 2009. 7686:5 March 2012 at the 7609:29 July 2017 at the 7492:(in German). Essen. 7425:16 June 2019 at the 7333:11 June 2009 at the 7314:4 March 2010 at the 7295:19 June 2010 at the 7273:www.flightglobal.com 7005:4 March 2016 at the 6900:on 16 September 2023 6834:worldweather.wmo.int 6509:association football 6459:President of Germany 6428:President of Germany 6424:Generalfeldmarschall 6281:(1936–2006), actress 6138:Alfred Müller-Armack 6026:(born 1972), swimmer 5926:Generalfeldmarschall 5733:Grugapark, Waterfall 5039:Old Synagogue, Essen 4898:Ruhrmuseum staircase 4850:Coal mine Zollverein 4563:Rhine-Ruhr Stadtbahn 4429:main railway station 4306:discrete mathematics 4223:Folkwang Tanz Studio 4157:Werdener Nachrichten 3850:, Germany's largest 3317:Essen's coat of arms 3176:Pirate Party Germany 2631:Annie Maria Tarrach 2325:Twenty-first century 2186:Nazism, World War II 2180:Treaty of Versailles 2117:main railway station 1876:had already founded 1862:Bishop of Hildesheim 1082:Record high °C (°F) 994:Essen has a typical 714:have been listed by 601:) and Lake Kettwig ( 498:Vehicle registration 425: • Density 295:51.45083°N 7.01306°E 27:For other uses, see 9998:Düsseldorf (region) 9836:Siegen-Wittgenstein 9388:Mülheim an der Ruhr 7917:"Pressetext – Oper" 7864:Süddeutsche Zeitung 7760:on 16 November 2011 7375:on 24 November 2011 7279:on 10 January 2015. 7247:Library of Congress 7213:"Der LVR in Europa" 7112:"Her mit der Kohle" 6614:17 May 2022 at the 6511:clubs in Essen are 6420:Paul von Hindenburg 6324:Friedrich Hammacher 6293:(born 1984), skater 6267:Kyriakos Velopoulos 6230:(born 1956), artist 6168:Uta Ranke-Heinemann 6104:(1661–1730), banker 6086:(1920–2006), writer 6030:Fritz G. A. Kraemer 5996:(1930–1989), banker 5978:(1940–2016), author 5939:(born 1971), writer 5933:(1910–1998), editor 5876:(1924–2018), artist 5476:Offener Kanal Essen 5293:Folkwang University 5284:, was designated a 5257:damaged during the 5096:Old Synagogue, 2014 5084:Old Synagogue, 2010 5015:St. Ludger Basilica 4932:have survived from 4874:Zollverein entrance 4809:World Heritage Site 4719:Mülheim an der Ruhr 4478:Mülheim an der Ruhr 4287:Folkwang University 4237:for the year 2010. 4227:Folkwang-Hochschule 4219:World Heritage Site 4187:Folkwang University 4051:Frankfurt Auto Show 3386: 2771: 2519: 2076:Three rings of the 2055:Peace of Westphalia 2040:Counter-Reformation 2017:Reichskammergericht 1966:13th–17th centuries 1942:, the oldest known 1825:has identified the 1362:Record low °C (°F) 1222:Daily mean °C (°F) 908:The Ruhr forms the 802:Mülheim an der Ruhr 720:World Heritage Site 664:university hospital 291: / 234:Show map of Germany 9951:Schleswig-Holstein 9757:Hochsauerlandkreis 8341: 8339:Essen coat of arms 8042:Memorials in Essen 7821:on 5 February 2012 7701:"Lokalnachrichten" 7645:, 6 December 2011. 7619:, 3 December 2013. 7466:on 2 February 2010 7167:on 21 October 2014 7000:"Ergrabene Zeiten" 6984:Der Ortsname Essen 6575:Sportpark am Hallo 6517:Schwarz-Weiß Essen 6505: 6481:recognized by the 6422: – 6394: – 6364: – 6351: – 6333: – 6316: – 6279:Elisabeth Volkmann 6248:(1898–1945), Nazi 6224:(1870–1932), actor 6194:(1902–1994), actor 6072:Friedrich C. Krupp 6038:(1947–2000), actor 5951:(1894–1975), Nazi 5922:Ernest B. H. Busch 5892:Hermann Blumenthal 5414:David Chipperfield 5254: 5240:Kettwig and Werden 5132:single-family home 4938:St. Johann Baptist 4828:Design Zentrum NRW 4807:had declared it a 4771:Düsseldorf Airport 4759:Düsseldorf Airport 4725:, Essen maintains 4715: 4656:Essen Hauptbahnhof 4631:Essen Hauptbahnhof 4606:Essen Hauptbahnhof 4578:Essen Hauptbahnhof 4537:Straßenbahn (tram) 4434:In the north, the 4392: 4027: 3384: 3319: 3309: 2770: 2765: 2518: 2407:imperial immediacy 2378: 2338: 2267: 2165: 2119:welcomed visitors 2008:free imperial city 2004:imperial immediacy 1976: 1856:Around 845, Saint 1854: 1738:Vogelheimer Klinge 1679:Origin of the name 1676: 895:independent cities 813: 568:ninth-largest city 524: 417: • Total 396: • Total 159:, Borbeck Castle, 9965: 9964: 9891:Baden-Württemberg 9826:Rhein-Kreis Neuss 9732:Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis 9519: 9518: 9398:Offenbach am Main 9283:Bergisch Gladbach 9106:Frankfurt am Main 9002: 9001: 8346: 8345: 7592:HighBeam Research 7350:Stanton, Shelby, 7150:, 21 January 2005 6592:volleyball team. 6580:Essen hosted the 6549:Frauen-Bundesliga 6314:Otto von Bismarck 6299:Honorary citizens 6090:Johanna Langefeld 5994:Alfred Herrhausen 5540:Colosseum Theater 5453:Colosseum Theater 5448:Colosseum Theater 4721:and the state of 4671:Intercity-Express 4663:Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn 4522:Intercity-Express 4468:A segment of the 4275:Universität Essen 4063:equestrian sports 3958:Evonik Industries 3828:Evonik Industries 3781:, Mongolia (2012) 3682:Monongahela River 3654:Wirtschaftswunder 3629: 3628: 3352:Holy Roman Empire 3296: 3295: 2752: 2751: 2492:was abolished in 2490:Oberstadtdirektor 2486:Oberstadtdirektor 2387:princess-abbesses 2061:Industrialisation 2036:Thirty Years' War 2030:Thirty Years' War 1866:coenobium Astnide 1758:Rhine–Herne Canal 1705:(which is always 1665:Timeline of Essen 1655: 1654: 1555:relative humidity 879: 878: 818: 516: 515: 300:51.45083; 7.01306 199:Location of Essen 16:(Redirected from 10005: 9880:of German states 9831:Rhein-Sieg-Kreis 9821:Rhein-Erft-Kreis 9781:Märkischer Kreis 9697: 9546: 9539: 9532: 9523: 9522: 9029: 9022: 9015: 9006: 9005: 8990: 8975: 8956: 8930: 8910: 8899:Esch-sur-Alzette 8890: 8875: 8860: 8845: 8830: 8815: 8800: 8785: 8770: 8755: 8740: 8720: 8705: 8690: 8675: 8665: 8655: 8640: 8625: 8610: 8595: 8545: 8535: 8525: 8515: 8505: 8495: 8485: 8475: 8465: 8455: 8445: 8435: 8422: 8412: 8402: 8392: 8373: 8366: 8359: 8350: 8349: 8337: 8072: 8065: 8058: 8049: 8048: 8027: 8026: 8024:Official website 7998: 7997: 7995: 7993: 7977: 7971: 7970: 7968: 7966: 7961:on 27 March 2009 7960: 7954:. Archived from 7953: 7945: 7939: 7938: 7936: 7934: 7913: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7887: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7855: 7849: 7848: 7843:. Archived from 7837: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7826: 7811: 7805: 7794: 7788: 7787: 7782:. Archived from 7776: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7759: 7752: 7743: 7737: 7734: 7728: 7727: 7725: 7723: 7714:. Archived from 7713: 7697: 7691: 7681:Deutschlandradio 7678: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7658:. Archived from 7652: 7646: 7642:Road & Track 7626: 7620: 7600: 7594: 7578: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7567: 7552:"Press releases" 7548: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7531: 7520: 7512: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7482: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7462:. Archived from 7449: 7443: 7442: 7435: 7429: 7417: 7411: 7410: 7408: 7406: 7401:on 11 March 2007 7391: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7371:. Archived from 7361: 7355: 7348: 7342: 7325: 7319: 7306: 7300: 7287: 7281: 7280: 7275:. Archived from 7265: 7259: 7258: 7256: 7243: 7235: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7209: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7183: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7157: 7151: 7134: 7128: 7109: 7103: 7093: 7092: 7086: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7060: 7054: 7036: 7030: 7019: 7013: 7012: 6997: 6991: 6988:Essener Beiträge 6980: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6969: 6953: 6947: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6896:. Archived from 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6870:on 29 March 2017 6866:. Archived from 6856: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6826: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6796: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6734: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6714:. October 2014. 6702: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6682:. ec.europa.eu. 6676: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6650: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6625: 6619: 6606: 6533:Uhlenkrugstadion 6463:Gustav Heinemann 6411: 6403:Margarethe Krupp 6393: 6350: 6332: 6255:Bernhard Termath 6240:Marianne Strauss 6234:Martin Stratmann 6024:Christian Keller 6018:Wilhelm Kalveram 5958:James Ingo Freed 5916:Dennis Brinkmann 5802: 5790: 5778: 5766: 5754: 5742: 5730: 5718: 5706: 5691: 5673: 5642: 5624:botanical garden 5591:Hugenpoet castle 5588: 5576: 5564: 5550: 5536: 5522: 5508: 5494: 5455: 5454: 5395: 5383: 5371: 5359: 5347: 5335: 5323: 5311: 5300:textile industry 5259:Second World War 5231: 5219: 5207: 5195: 5177: 5105: 5093: 5081: 5069: 5057: 5024: 5012: 4997: 4983: 4969: 4954:Emperor Otto III 4895: 4883: 4871: 4859: 4847: 4825: 4775:Dortmund Airport 4739:Second World War 4687: 4685:Regionalbahnhöfe 4667:Regional-Express 4642: 4627: 4615: 4603: 4588: 4574: 4496:Public transport 4423:was upgraded to 4365: 4353: 4284: 4272: 4260: 4246: 4215:Zeche Zollverein 4165: 4152: 4102: 4090: 4078: 4039:Essen Motor Show 4033:, hosts some 50 4025:Messe Essen logo 4008: 3996: 3984: 3969: 3954: 3939: 3924: 3909: 3894: 3879: 3860:renewable energy 3852:electric utility 3809:electric utility 3775:, Ukraine (2022) 3734:, Finland (1960) 3400: 3395: 3387: 3383: 3371: 3363:Hotel Handelshof 3329:arms of alliance 3279: 3278: 3260: 3259: 3202: 3201: 3191: 3190: 3136: 3135: 3061: 3060: 3050: 3049: 3026: 3025: 3015: 3014: 2988: 2987: 2964: 2963: 2953: 2952: 2929: 2928: 2918: 2917: 2894: 2893: 2883: 2882: 2859: 2858: 2848: 2847: 2824: 2823: 2813: 2812: 2772: 2769: 2595:Harald Parussel 2520: 2517: 2450:Social Democracy 2389:as heads of the 2291:Krupp decoy site 2257: 2246: 2235: 2223:Second World War 2190:On the night of 2176:Raymond Poincaré 2141:Friedrich Grillo 2089: 2073: 1811: 1800: 1755: 1509: 1026: 1025: 984:Diocese of Essen 918: 871: 860: 849: 838: 825: 816: 799: 786: 775: 764: 753: 746: 745: 701: 675: 611: 600: 545: 544: 543: 537: 532: 456: 376: 375:(2020–25) 306: 305: 303: 302: 301: 296: 292: 289: 288: 287: 284: 267: 260: 254: 253: 247: 235: 228: 222: 221: 215: 186: 176: 135: 124: 117: 106: 99: 88: 81: 70: 45: 39: 38: 21: 10013: 10012: 10008: 10007: 10006: 10004: 10003: 10002: 9968: 9967: 9966: 9961: 9960: 9870: 9791:Minden-Lübbecke 9704:Rural districts 9698: 9689: 9655:Mönchengladbach 9563:Urban districts 9557: 9550: 9520: 9515: 9487: 9276:100,000–199,999 9271: 9247:Mönchengladbach 9135:200,000–499,999 9130: 9074:500,000–999,999 9069: 9038: 9033: 9003: 8998: 8988: 8973: 8954: 8928: 8908: 8888: 8874:2020-April 2021 8873: 8858: 8843: 8828: 8813: 8798: 8783: 8768: 8753: 8738: 8718: 8703: 8688: 8679:Luxembourg City 8673: 8663: 8653: 8638: 8623: 8608: 8593: 8543: 8533: 8523: 8513: 8503: 8499:Luxembourg City 8493: 8483: 8473: 8463: 8453: 8443: 8433: 8420: 8410: 8400: 8390: 8382: 8377: 8347: 8342: 8330: 8241:Margarethenhöhe 8082: 8076: 8022: 8021: 8018: 8013: 8007: 8002: 8001: 7991: 7989: 7978: 7974: 7964: 7962: 7958: 7951: 7947: 7946: 7942: 7932: 7930: 7929:on 16 July 2011 7915: 7914: 7910: 7900: 7898: 7889: 7888: 7884: 7874: 7872: 7867:. 17 May 2010. 7857: 7856: 7852: 7839: 7838: 7834: 7824: 7822: 7813: 7812: 7808: 7795: 7791: 7778: 7777: 7773: 7763: 7761: 7757: 7750: 7745: 7744: 7740: 7735: 7731: 7721: 7719: 7718:on 4 March 2016 7707: 7699: 7698: 7694: 7688:Wayback Machine 7679: 7675: 7665: 7663: 7662:on 29 July 2017 7654: 7653: 7649: 7637:Wayback Machine 7627: 7623: 7611:Wayback Machine 7601: 7597: 7587:The Irish Times 7579: 7575: 7565: 7563: 7550: 7549: 7545: 7535: 7533: 7529: 7518: 7514: 7513: 7509: 7499: 7497: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7469: 7467: 7450: 7446: 7437: 7436: 7432: 7427:Wayback Machine 7418: 7414: 7404: 7402: 7393: 7392: 7388: 7378: 7376: 7363: 7362: 7358: 7349: 7345: 7335:Wayback Machine 7326: 7322: 7316:Wayback Machine 7309:Essen – History 7307: 7303: 7297:Wayback Machine 7288: 7284: 7267: 7266: 7262: 7254: 7241: 7237: 7236: 7232: 7222: 7220: 7219:on 28 June 2014 7211: 7210: 7206: 7196: 7194: 7185: 7184: 7180: 7170: 7168: 7159: 7158: 7154: 7144:Wayback Machine 7135: 7131: 7126:Wayback Machine 7110: 7106: 7087: 7083: 7073: 7071: 7070:on 16 July 2011 7062: 7061: 7057: 7046:Wayback Machine 7037: 7033: 7020: 7016: 7010: 7007:Wayback Machine 6998: 6994: 6981: 6977: 6967: 6965: 6954: 6950: 6945:Wayback Machine 6933: 6931: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6903: 6901: 6888: 6887: 6883: 6873: 6871: 6858: 6857: 6853: 6843: 6841: 6828: 6827: 6823: 6813: 6811: 6798: 6797: 6793: 6783: 6781: 6768: 6767: 6763: 6753: 6751: 6736: 6735: 6731: 6721: 6719: 6704: 6703: 6699: 6689: 6687: 6678: 6677: 6673: 6663: 6661: 6652: 6651: 6647: 6637: 6635: 6627: 6626: 6622: 6616:Wayback Machine 6607: 6603: 6598: 6590:VV Humann Essen 6586:EuroBasket 1971 6513:Rot-Weiss Essen 6495: 6471:Bishop of Essen 6405: 6387: 6344: 6326: 6301: 6296: 6285:Pia Walkenhorst 6261:Johan van Galen 6204:Klaus Scharioth 6186:Günther Rennert 6150:Friedrich Panse 6132:Harry S. Morgan 5976:Brigitte Hamann 5931:Gunter d'Alquen 5824: 5819: 5813: 5806: 5803: 5794: 5791: 5782: 5779: 5770: 5767: 5758: 5755: 5746: 5743: 5734: 5731: 5722: 5719: 5710: 5707: 5698: 5696:Joseph Enseling 5692: 5683: 5674: 5636: 5599: 5592: 5589: 5580: 5579:Schloss Borbeck 5577: 5568: 5565: 5556: 5551: 5542: 5537: 5528: 5523: 5514: 5512:Museum Folkwang 5509: 5500: 5495: 5468:cultural centre 5458:musical theatre 5410:Museum Folkwang 5406: 5399: 5396: 5387: 5384: 5375: 5372: 5363: 5360: 5351: 5348: 5339: 5336: 5327: 5324: 5315: 5312: 5264:In Werden, St. 5242: 5235: 5232: 5223: 5220: 5211: 5208: 5199: 5196: 5164:railway station 5116: 5109: 5106: 5097: 5094: 5085: 5082: 5073: 5072:Synagogue, 1922 5070: 5061: 5060:Synagogue, 1917 5058: 5041: 5035: 5028: 5025: 5016: 5013: 5004: 5003:, tenth century 4998: 4989: 4984: 4975: 4970: 4914:Bishop of Essen 4906: 4899: 4896: 4887: 4884: 4875: 4872: 4863: 4860: 4851: 4848: 4788: 4783: 4767:flight training 4741:, providing an 4705: 4646: 4643: 4634: 4628: 4619: 4616: 4607: 4604: 4595: 4592:Essen Stadtbahn 4589: 4580: 4575: 4533:Essen Stadtbahn 4498: 4486:Autobahndreieck 4463:Central Germany 4417:Ruhrschleichweg 4381: 4376: 4369: 4366: 4357: 4354: 4321: 4288: 4285: 4276: 4273: 4264: 4261: 4252: 4247: 4183: 4159: 4146: 4129:WAZ Media Group 4113: 4106: 4103: 4094: 4091: 4082: 4079: 4019: 4012: 4009: 4000: 3997: 3988: 3985: 3976: 3970: 3961: 3955: 3946: 3940: 3931: 3925: 3916: 3910: 3901: 3895: 3886: 3880: 3793: 3788: 3754: 3749: 3746:, Poland (2015) 3740:, Israel (1991) 3722:, Russia (1991) 3720:Nizhny Novgorod 3716:, France (1974) 3696: 3690: 3674: 3382: 3372:hotel near the 3365: 3321: 3320: 3301: 2757: 2613:Daniel Kerekeš 2502: 2383: 2366: 2358:Museum Folkwang 2327: 2304: 2275:Royal Air Force 2251: 2240: 2229: 2188: 2157: 2112:Friedrich Krupp 2097: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2090: 2082: 2081: 2074: 2063: 2032: 1968: 1844: 1805: 1794: 1770:Megalithic tomb 1749: 1733: 1725:Frankish Empire 1681: 1668: 1661: 1656: 1507: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 996:oceanic climate 992: 957: 912: 872: 861: 850: 839: 826: 815: 800: 787: 776: 765: 754: 744: 739: 605: 594: 539: 538: 535:[ˈɛsn̩] 530: 478: 450: 374: 299: 297: 293: 290: 285: 282: 280: 278: 277: 271: 270: 269: 268: 265: 264: 263: 262: 261: 258: 255: 238: 237: 236: 233: 232: 231: 230: 229: 226: 223: 201: 200: 192: 191: 190: 189: 180: 179: 164: 141: 140: 139: 138: 137: 136: 127: 126: 125: 118: 109: 108: 107: 100: 91: 90: 89: 82: 73: 72: 71: 55: 46: 43: 37: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10011: 10001: 10000: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9963: 9962: 9959: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9887: 9875: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9811:Recklinghausen 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9708: 9706: 9700: 9699: 9692: 9690: 9688: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9567: 9565: 9559: 9558: 9549: 9548: 9541: 9534: 9526: 9517: 9516: 9514: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9501:Municipalities 9498: 9492: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9428:Recklinghausen 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9279: 9277: 9273: 9272: 9270: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 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Honour 6451: 6450: 6447:Berthold Beitz 6443: 6430: 6416: 6399: 6385:Erich Zweigert 6381: 6371: 6358: 6353:Roman catholic 6338: 6320: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6276: 6270: 6264: 6258: 6252: 6246:Josef Terboven 6243: 6237: 6231: 6228:David D. Stern 6225: 6222:John Steppling 6219: 6213: 6207: 6201: 6195: 6189: 6183: 6177: 6171: 6165: 6159: 6156:Mille Petrozza 6153: 6147: 6144:Henry Osterman 6141: 6135: 6129: 6123: 6117: 6111: 6105: 6099: 6096:Arthur Laumann 6093: 6087: 6081: 6075: 6069: 6063: 6057: 6051: 6045: 6039: 6033: 6027: 6021: 6015: 6009: 6003: 6000:André Hoffmann 5997: 5991: 5985: 5979: 5973: 5967: 5961: 5955: 5946: 5940: 5934: 5928: 5919: 5913: 5907: 5901: 5898:Wilhelm Börger 5895: 5889: 5883: 5877: 5871: 5865: 5862:Jürgen Bartsch 5859: 5853: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5828: 5823: 5820: 5812: 5811:Notable people 5809: 5808: 5807: 5804: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5701: 5699: 5693: 5686: 5684: 5675: 5668: 5665: 5664: 5631: 5617: 5614:Robert Schmidt 5607: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5593: 5590: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5559: 5557: 5554:Grillo-Theater 5552: 5545: 5543: 5538: 5531: 5529: 5524: 5517: 5515: 5510: 5503: 5501: 5496: 5489: 5486: 5485: 5482:Grillo-Theater 5479: 5470:and venue for 5461: 5445: 5439: 5425: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5400: 5397: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5306: 5289:basilica minor 5241: 5238: 5237: 5236: 5233: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5190: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5107: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5052: 5037:Main article: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5029: 5026: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5007: 5005: 4999: 4992: 4990: 4985: 4978: 4976: 4971: 4964: 4934:Ottonian times 4905: 4902: 4901: 4900: 4897: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4842: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4704: 4701: 4648: 4647: 4644: 4637: 4635: 4633:subway station 4629: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4598: 4596: 4590: 4583: 4581: 4576: 4569: 4504:subsidiary of 4497: 4494: 4482:Ruhrschnellweg 4449:A part of the 4405:Ruhrschnellweg 4388:Ruhrschnellweg 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4371: 4370: 4367: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4348: 4320: 4317: 4311:Fachhochschule 4302:nanotechnology 4290: 4289: 4286: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4255: 4253: 4248: 4241: 4182: 4179: 4125:Lokalzeit Ruhr 4112: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4104: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4073: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4010: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3991: 3989: 3987:Postbank Essen 3986: 3979: 3977: 3971: 3964: 3962: 3956: 3949: 3947: 3941: 3934: 3932: 3926: 3919: 3917: 3911: 3904: 3902: 3896: 3889: 3887: 3881: 3874: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3783: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3769:, China (2008) 3764: 3763:, Japan (2017) 3753: 3750: 3748: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3710:, China (2015) 3704: 3689: 3686: 3673: 3670: 3627: 3626: 3622: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3611: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3589: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3578: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3567: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3545: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3534: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3523: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3501: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3490: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3413: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3381: 3378: 3311: 3310: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3263: 3262: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3225:Invalid votes 3222: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3204: 3196: 3193: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3173: 3170: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3118: 3115: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3089: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3055: 3052: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3020: 3017: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2958: 2955: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2923: 2920: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2888: 2885: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2853: 2850: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2818: 2815: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2742: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2731: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2720: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2712:Invalid votes 2709: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2501: 2498: 2482:administration 2478:representative 2431:Rhine Province 2423:secularization 2391:Imperial Abbey 2382: 2379: 2365: 2362: 2326: 2323: 2286:were lynched. 2227:Humboldtstraße 2187: 2184: 2156: 2153: 2145:Grillo-Theater 2091: 2084: 2083: 2075: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2031: 2028: 1967: 1964: 1954:and sister of 1843: 1840: 1732: 1729: 1680: 1677: 1660: 1657: 1653: 1652: 1645: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1603:sunshine hours 1598: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1149: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1035: 1034: 1024: 1016:marine climate 991: 988: 956: 955:City districts 953: 899:kreisangehörig 877: 876: 865: 854: 843: 831: 830: 819: 804: 792: 791: 780: 769: 758: 743: 740: 738: 735: 699:Strukturwandel 626:Low Franconian 514: 513: 508: 504: 503: 500: 494: 493: 486: 484:Dialling codes 480: 479: 476: 474: 468: 467: 457: 447: 446: 436: 430: 429: 426: 422: 421: 418: 414: 413: 409: 408: 405: 401: 400: 397: 393: 392: 388: 387: 377: 367: 366: 362: 361: 358: 354: 353: 351:Urban district 348: 342: 341: 336: 330: 329: 324: 318: 317: 312: 308: 307: 273: 272: 257: 256: 249: 248: 242: 241: 240: 239: 225: 224: 217: 216: 210: 209: 208: 207: 206: 203: 202: 198: 197: 194: 193: 187: 181: 177: 171: 170: 169: 166: 165: 142: 130: 129: 128: 119: 112: 111: 110: 101: 94: 93: 92: 83: 76: 75: 74: 65: 64: 63: 62: 61: 60: 57: 56: 51: 48: 47: 42: 35: 18:Essen, Germany 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10010: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9975: 9973: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9946:Saxony-Anhalt 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9888: 9885: 9881: 9879: 9873: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9770: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9709: 9707: 9705: 9701: 9696: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9616:Gelsenkirchen 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9564: 9560: 9555: 9547: 9542: 9540: 9535: 9533: 9528: 9527: 9524: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9496:Complete list 9494: 9493: 9490: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9280: 9278: 9274: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9197:Halle (Saale) 9195: 9193: 9192:Gelsenkirchen 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9133: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9072: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9047: 9045: 9041: 9037: 9030: 9025: 9023: 9018: 9016: 9011: 9010: 9007: 8995: 8992: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8961: 8958: 8953: 8951: 8950: 8946: 8944: 8943: 8939: 8937: 8936: 8932: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8819:San Sebastián 8817: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8424: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8389: 8388: 8385: 8381: 8374: 8369: 8367: 8362: 8360: 8355: 8354: 8351: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8296:Südostviertel 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8256:Rellinghausen 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8196:Holsterhausen 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8131:Burgaltendorf 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8121:Borbeck-Mitte 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8088: 8085: 8081: 8073: 8068: 8066: 8061: 8059: 8054: 8053: 8050: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8032: 8029: 8025: 8020: 8019: 8012: 7987: 7983: 7980:Stadt Essen. 7976: 7957: 7950: 7944: 7928: 7924: 7923: 7918: 7912: 7896: 7892: 7886: 7870: 7866: 7865: 7860: 7854: 7846: 7842: 7836: 7820: 7816: 7810: 7803: 7799: 7796:According to 7793: 7785: 7781: 7775: 7756: 7748: 7742: 7733: 7717: 7711: 7706: 7702: 7696: 7689: 7685: 7682: 7677: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7644: 7643: 7638: 7634: 7631: 7628:John Rettie, 7625: 7618: 7617: 7612: 7608: 7605: 7599: 7593: 7589: 7588: 7583: 7577: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7547: 7528: 7524: 7517: 7511: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7481: 7465: 7461: 7460: 7455: 7448: 7440: 7434: 7428: 7424: 7421: 7416: 7400: 7396: 7390: 7374: 7370: 7366: 7360: 7353: 7347: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7329: 7324: 7317: 7313: 7310: 7305: 7298: 7294: 7291: 7286: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7264: 7253: 7249: 7248: 7240: 7234: 7218: 7214: 7208: 7192: 7188: 7182: 7166: 7162: 7156: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7138: 7133: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7101: 7097: 7096:Wilhelm Deist 7085: 7069: 7065: 7059: 7053: 7052: 7047: 7043: 7040: 7035: 7029:, 2002, p. 32 7028: 7024: 7021:Detlef Hopp: 7018: 7008: 7004: 7001: 6996: 6989: 6985: 6979: 6963: 6959: 6956:Stadt Essen. 6952: 6946: 6942: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6915: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6885: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6855: 6839: 6835: 6831: 6825: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6795: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6765: 6749: 6745: 6744: 6739: 6733: 6717: 6713: 6712: 6707: 6701: 6685: 6681: 6675: 6659: 6655: 6649: 6634: 6631:(in German). 6630: 6624: 6617: 6613: 6610: 6605: 6601: 6593: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6559: 6557: 6552: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6537:BV Altenessen 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6521:Stadion Essen 6518: 6514: 6510: 6503: 6502:Stadion Essen 6499: 6490: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6465:, as well as 6464: 6460: 6456: 6448: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6435: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6415: 6409: 6404: 6400: 6397: 6391: 6386: 6382: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6366:industrialist 6363: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6348: 6343: 6339: 6336: 6330: 6325: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6310: 6309: 6306: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6273:Albert Vögler 6271: 6268: 6265: 6262: 6259: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6220: 6217: 6214: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6196: 6193: 6192:Heinz Rühmann 6190: 6187: 6184: 6181: 6178: 6175: 6174:Otto Rehhagel 6172: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6157: 6154: 6151: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6136: 6133: 6130: 6127: 6124: 6121: 6118: 6115: 6112: 6109: 6106: 6103: 6100: 6097: 6094: 6091: 6088: 6085: 6082: 6079: 6076: 6073: 6070: 6067: 6064: 6061: 6058: 6055: 6052: 6049: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6037: 6036:Diether Krebs 6034: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6010: 6007: 6004: 6001: 5998: 5995: 5992: 5989: 5988:Walter Heiman 5986: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5974: 5971: 5968: 5965: 5962: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5950: 5947: 5944: 5943:Marius Ebbers 5941: 5938: 5935: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924:(1885–1945), 5923: 5920: 5917: 5914: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5886:Franz Blücher 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5874:Naftali Bezem 5872: 5869: 5866: 5863: 5860: 5857: 5856:Karl Baedeker 5854: 5851: 5848: 5845: 5844:Theo Albrecht 5842: 5839: 5838:Karl Albrecht 5836: 5833: 5832:Gerd Albrecht 5830: 5829: 5827: 5818: 5801: 5796: 5789: 5784: 5777: 5772: 5765: 5760: 5753: 5748: 5741: 5736: 5729: 5724: 5717: 5712: 5705: 5700: 5697: 5690: 5685: 5682: 5678: 5672: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5640: 5635: 5632: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5611: 5610:Moltkeviertel 5608: 5604: 5601: 5600: 5587: 5582: 5575: 5570: 5563: 5558: 5555: 5549: 5544: 5541: 5535: 5530: 5527: 5526:Aalto Theatre 5521: 5516: 5513: 5507: 5502: 5499: 5498:Saalbau Essen 5493: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5480: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5462: 5459: 5449: 5446: 5443: 5442:Saalbau Essen 5440: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5428:Aalto Theatre 5426: 5423: 5421: 5415: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5398:Essen Kettwig 5394: 5389: 5382: 5377: 5370: 5365: 5358: 5353: 5346: 5341: 5334: 5329: 5322: 5317: 5310: 5305: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5296: 5294: 5290: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5262: 5260: 5251: 5246: 5230: 5225: 5218: 5213: 5206: 5201: 5194: 5189: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5181: 5176: 5175: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5140:peculiarities 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5104: 5099: 5092: 5087: 5080: 5075: 5068: 5063: 5056: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5040: 5033:Old Synagogue 5023: 5018: 5011: 5006: 5002: 4996: 4991: 4988: 4982: 4977: 4974: 4968: 4963: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4894: 4889: 4882: 4877: 4870: 4865: 4858: 4853: 4846: 4841: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4824: 4823: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4793: 4778: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4713: 4709: 4700: 4698: 4693: 4691: 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4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4045:auto show in 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4023: 4007: 4002: 3995: 3990: 3983: 3978: 3974: 3968: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3948: 3944: 3938: 3933: 3929: 3923: 3918: 3914: 3908: 3903: 3899: 3893: 3888: 3884: 3878: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3856: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3822:, as well as 3821: 3817: 3813: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3758: 3757: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3695: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3645:Gelsenkirchen 3642: 3638: 3634: 3623: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3469: 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732: 728: 723: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 700: 695: 690: 686: 682: 677: 674: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 632: 630: 627: 623: 619: 615: 609: 604: 603:Kettwiger See 598: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 542: 536: 528: 520: 512: 509: 505: 501: 499: 495: 491: 488:0201, 02054 ( 487: 485: 481: 475: 473: 469: 465: 461: 458: 454: 448: 444: 440: 437: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 389: 385: 381: 378: 373: 370: • 368: 363: 359: 355: 352: 349: 347: 343: 340: 337: 335: 334:Admin. region 331: 328: 325: 323: 319: 316: 313: 309: 304: 276:Coordinates: 274: 246: 214: 204: 195: 185: 175: 167: 162: 158: 154: 153:Essen Saalbau 150: 146: 145:Essen Minster 134: 123: 116: 105: 98: 87: 80: 69: 58: 54: 49: 40: 34: 30: 19: 9916:Lower Saxony 9876: 9768: 9637: 9610: 9378:Ludwigshafen 9167:Braunschweig 9100: 8947: 8940: 8933: 8723: 8519:Thessaloniki 8261:Rüttenscheid 8151:Freisenbruch 8111:Bergerhausen 8106:Bergeborbeck 8079: 8078:Boroughs of 8005:Bibliography 7990:. Retrieved 7986:the original 7975: 7963:. Retrieved 7956:the original 7943: 7931:. Retrieved 7927:the original 7920: 7911: 7899:. Retrieved 7895:the original 7885: 7873:. Retrieved 7862: 7853: 7845:the original 7835: 7823:. Retrieved 7819:the original 7809: 7801: 7797: 7792: 7784:the original 7774: 7762:. Retrieved 7755:the original 7741: 7732: 7720:. Retrieved 7716:the original 7695: 7676: 7664:. Retrieved 7660:the original 7650: 7640: 7624: 7614: 7598: 7585: 7576: 7564:. Retrieved 7555: 7546: 7534:. Retrieved 7522: 7510: 7498:. Retrieved 7489: 7480: 7468:. Retrieved 7464:the original 7457: 7447: 7433: 7415: 7403:. Retrieved 7399:the original 7389: 7377:. Retrieved 7373:the original 7368: 7359: 7351: 7346: 7323: 7304: 7285: 7277:the original 7272: 7263: 7245: 7233: 7221:. Retrieved 7217:the original 7207: 7195:. Retrieved 7181: 7169:. Retrieved 7165:the original 7155: 7132: 7115: 7107: 7099: 7084: 7072:. Retrieved 7068:the original 7058: 7049: 7034: 7026: 7022: 7017: 6995: 6987: 6983: 6982:Paul Derks: 6978: 6966:. Retrieved 6951: 6932:. Retrieved 6914: 6904:16 September 6902:. Retrieved 6898:the original 6884: 6872:. Retrieved 6868:the original 6863: 6854: 6842:. Retrieved 6833: 6824: 6812:. Retrieved 6803: 6794: 6782:. Retrieved 6774:ec.europa.eu 6773: 6764: 6752:. Retrieved 6743:Handelsblatt 6741: 6732: 6720:. Retrieved 6709: 6700: 6688:. Retrieved 6674: 6662:. Retrieved 6648: 6636:. Retrieved 6623: 6604: 6579: 6560: 6553: 6507:The biggest 6506: 6487:World War II 6469:, the first 6454: 6452: 6436: 6413: 6368: 6302: 6291:Daniel Wende 6249: 6180:Uwe Reinders 6120:Armin Meiwes 6108:Jens Lehmann 6084:Hubert Lampo 6078:Heinz Kubsch 6060:Bertha Krupp 6048:Alfred Krupp 6006:Axel Honneth 5970:Harald Grohs 5952: 5925: 5910:Sabine Braun 5850:Peter Anders 5825: 5680: 5613: 5417: 5362:Essen Werden 5326:Essen Werden 5314:Essen Werden 5297: 5282:St. Ludgerus 5281: 5270:Werden Abbey 5263: 5255: 5167: 5120:Alfred Krupp 5117: 5042: 4949: 4937: 4907: 4835: 4827: 4817: 4789: 4716: 4696: 4694: 4660: 4649: 4554: 4540: 4526: 4499: 4490: 4467: 4448: 4433: 4421:Bundesstraße 4416: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4326:World War II 4322: 4309: 4297: 4291: 4226: 4222: 4199:Werden Abbey 4184: 4172: 4155: 4142: 4138: 4132: 4124: 4114: 4028: 3975:headquarters 3960:headquarters 3945:headquarters 3930:headquarters 3915:headquarters 3883:ThyssenKrupp 3797:ThyssenKrupp 3794: 3755: 3697: 3675: 3630: 3380:Demographics 3374:main station 3324: 3322: 3299:Coat of arms 3208:Valid votes 3151:Volt Germany 2940:(Die Linke) 2766: 2755:City council 2701:Valid votes 2559:Oliver Kern 2540:Thomas Kufen 2514: 2506:Thomas Kufen 2503: 2489: 2485: 2469:World War II 2458: 2435: 2403:burgomasters 2399:city council 2384: 2376:(background) 2342:ThyssenKrupp 2339: 2316: 2305: 2288: 2268: 2221:in Essen in 2204: 2189: 2169: 2166: 2109: 2102: 2098: 2052: 2033: 2021: 2006:. The title 1987: 1983: 1980:Frederick II 1977: 1929: 1914: 1910: 1881:Werden Abbey 1865: 1855: 1830: 1826: 1820: 1814: 1789: 1774: 1736: 1734: 1716: 1710: 1692: 1682: 1436:mm (inches) 1003: 993: 962:Stadtbezirke 960: 958: 949: 907: 898: 880: 852:Heiligenhaus 724: 722:since 2001. 708:coking plant 678: 633: 526: 525: 511:www.essen.de 472:Postal codes 380:Thomas Kufen 357:Subdivisions 188:Coat of arms 163:headquarters 161:ThyssenKrupp 33: 9901:Brandenburg 9448:Saarbrücken 9293:Bremerhaven 8960:Nova Gorica 8326:Westviertel 8291:Stoppenberg 8266:Schonnebeck 8246:Nordviertel 8166:Frohnhausen 8156:Frillendorf 7708: [ 7705:Radio Essen 7580:Nick Hall, 7556:www.eon.com 7470:13 February 7117:Der Spiegel 7051:Der Spiegel 7011:(in German) 6804:Weatherbase 6711:Der Spiegel 6556:TUSEM Essen 6406: [ 6398:(1886–1906) 6388: [ 6345: [ 6327: [ 6162:Helmut Rahn 6012:Carl Humann 5937:Marc Degens 5904:Karl Brandt 5769:Baldeneysee 5757:Baldeneysee 5745:Baldeneysee 5637: [ 5634:Baldeneysee 5603:Gartenstadt 5597:Other sites 5278:Essen Abbey 5248:Borough of 5222:Villa Hügel 5210:Villa Hügel 5198:Villa Hügel 5174:Gründerzeit 5168:Essen Hügel 5124:Villa Hügel 5114:Villa Hügel 4958:candelabrum 4950:child crown 4910:Essen Abbey 4594:NF2-TW 1601 4550:underground 4535:network, 7 4160: [ 4147: [ 4035:trade fairs 4031:Messe Essen 3973:Schenker AG 3816:Schenker AG 3779:Ulaanbaatar 3635:area after 3366: [ 3337:secularized 3333:mural crown 2459:During the 2436:During the 2417:of 1802 by 2252: [ 2241: [ 2230: [ 2211:Krupp trial 2131:" (German: 2034:During the 1932:Mathilde II 1925:River Rhine 1921:Lotharingia 1897:Halberstadt 1878:Benedictine 1872:). In 799, 1870:Essen Abbey 1806: [ 1795: [ 1750: [ 1707:capitalized 928:coal miners 913: [ 891:megalopolis 887:urban areas 685:Essen Abbey 622:Westphalian 606: [ 595: [ 592:Baldeneysee 477:45001–45359 298: / 149:Villa Hügel 9972:Categories 9737:Euskirchen 9670:Oberhausen 9650:Leverkusen 9606:Düsseldorf 9556:in Germany 9453:Salzgitter 9443:Reutlingen 9433:Regensburg 9373:Leverkusen 9358:Ingolstadt 9353:Hildesheim 9338:Heidelberg 9252:Oberhausen 9096:Düsseldorf 9043:1,000,000+ 8854:Leeuwarden 8509:Copenhagen 8301:Südviertel 8271:Schönebeck 8251:Ostviertel 8231:Kupferdreh 8216:Katernberg 8186:Heidhausen 8146:Fischlaken 8101:Bedingrade 8096:Altenessen 7764:20 October 7536:2 February 7500:2 February 7223:21 October 7197:21 October 7171:21 October 6934:31 January 6814:31 January 6596:References 6483:Yad Vashem 6475:Else Beitz 6434:councilman 6396:Lord Mayor 6379:benefactor 6356:theologian 6335:politician 6198:Leroy Sané 6126:Frank Mill 5880:Ali Bilgin 5649:River Ruhr 5645:reservoirs 5464:Zeche Carl 5432:asymmetric 5418:Deutsches 5234:Great hall 4886:Ruhrmuseum 4836:Ruhrmuseum 4652:guided bus 4474:Düsseldorf 4440:Oberhausen 4400:Autobahnen 4177:in Essen. 4055:car tuning 3726:Sunderland 3692:See also: 3649:Oberhausen 3348:escutcheon 3178:(Piraten) 3035:Die PARTEI 2635:Die PARTEI 2523:Candidate 2465:Nazi Party 2415:annexation 2238:Gelsenberg 2012:Charles IV 1919:, King of 1917:Zwentibold 1838:as Essen. 1822:Geographia 1803:Herrenburg 1766:Mesolithic 1685:infinitive 1508:(≥ 0.1 mm) 903:River Ruhr 756:Oberhausen 733:for 2017. 673:Ruhrbistum 618:Low German 614:reservoirs 588:Ruhr River 572:Rhine-Ruhr 564:Düsseldorf 412:Population 372:Lord mayor 365:Government 339:Düsseldorf 9956:Thuringia 9884:Full list 9878:Districts 9861:Warendorf 9846:Steinfurt 9806:Paderborn 9747:Heinsberg 9742:Gütersloh 9685:Wuppertal 9675:Remscheid 9576:Bielefeld 9478:Wolfsburg 9438:Remscheid 9418:Pforzheim 9413:Paderborn 9408:Osnabrück 9403:Oldenburg 9343:Heilbronn 9318:Gütersloh 9313:Göttingen 9298:Darmstadt 9267:Wuppertal 9262:Wiesbaden 9227:Magdeburg 9202:Karlsruhe 9152:Bielefeld 9126:Stuttgart 9121:Nuremberg 8942:Bad Ischl 8919:Timișoara 8779:Marseille 8764:Guimarães 8699:Stavanger 8694:Liverpool 8619:Salamanca 8599:Rotterdam 8549:Reykjavík 8529:Stockholm 8416:Amsterdam 8316:Vogelheim 8281:Stadtwald 8276:Stadtkern 8191:Heisingen 8176:Gerschede 8091:Altendorf 7922:Opernwelt 6563:ETB Essen 6545:SGS Essen 6375:tradesman 6250:Gauleiter 5964:Matt Frei 5953:Gauleiter 5677:Grugapark 5620:Grugapark 5156:induction 5152:telephone 5148:telegraph 5144:gas works 5136:novelties 4922:sandstone 4781:Landmarks 4743:asphalted 4565:network. 4529:Stadtbahn 4518:InterCity 4374:Transport 4231:Ruhr.2010 4181:Education 4047:Las Vegas 3840:Deichmann 3836:Medion AG 3824:Aldi Nord 3708:Changzhou 3698:Essen is 3037:(PARTEI) 2454:Freikorps 2374:city hall 2279:long tons 2215:Nuremberg 2196:synagogue 2125:Mussolini 2105:gunsmiths 2044:Bavarians 2000:Rudolph I 1893:Helmstedt 1762:Stone Age 1747:Vogelheim 1721:ash trees 1012:Stuttgart 976:area code 920:reservoir 874:Hattingen 737:Geography 580:Rhineland 460:UTC+02:00 439:UTC+01:00 434:Time zone 404:Elevation 283:51°27′3″N 9936:Saarland 9786:Mettmann 9722:Coesfeld 9680:Solingen 9601:Duisburg 9596:Dortmund 9483:Würzburg 9463:Solingen 9303:Erlangen 9237:Mannheim 9177:Duisburg 9172:Chemnitz 9147:Augsburg 9086:Dortmund 8969:Chemnitz 8924:Elefsina 8914:Veszprém 8904:Novi Sad 8849:Valletta 8729:Istanbul 8564:Brussels 8559:Helsinki 8406:Florence 8311:Überruhr 8181:Haarzopf 8161:Frintrop 8126:Bredeney 7869:Archived 7684:Archived 7633:Archived 7607:Archived 7560:Archived 7527:Archived 7523:essen.de 7494:Archived 7490:essen.de 7423:Archived 7369:essen.de 7331:Archived 7312:Archived 7293:Archived 7252:Archived 7191:Archived 7140:Archived 7122:Archived 7042:Archived 7003:Archived 6962:Archived 6941:Archived 6928:Archived 6838:Archived 6808:Archived 6778:Archived 6748:Archived 6716:Archived 6684:Archived 6658:Archived 6612:Archived 5868:Ute Berg 5268:founded 4926:westwork 4763:airships 4757:than at 4755:obscured 4703:Aviation 4697:Ruhrbahn 4502:DB Regio 4425:motorway 4334:oncology 4319:Medicine 4211:Dortmund 4203:Duisburg 4195:Dortmund 4067:Equitana 3943:Hochtief 3868:Brenntag 3832:Karstadt 3820:Hochtief 3801:Duisburg 3761:Kōriyama 3738:Tel Aviv 3714:Grenoble 3637:Dortmund 3289:Source: 3269:446,384 3245:214,839 3211:212,512 2938:The Left 2870:(Grüne) 2745:Source: 2737:446,384 2726:214,548 2704:212,687 2617:The Left 2549:115,415 2467:. After 2452:and the 2364:Politics 2354:Stiftung 2219:subcamps 1956:Otto III 1948:Ottonian 1930:In 971, 1906:chastity 1891:region ( 1792:Alteburg 1781:Bructeri 1648:Source: 1643:1,593.7 1553:Average 1501:(36.43) 1432:Average 1031:Bredeney 841:Ratingen 778:Gladbeck 710:and the 656:Duisburg 548:Dortmund 346:District 286:7°0′47″E 9896:Bavaria 9856:Viersen 9767:Kleve ( 9752:Herford 9665:Münster 9660:Mülheim 9645:Krefeld 9638:Cologne 9591:Bottrop 9423:Potsdam 9368:Koblenz 9288:Bottrop 9257:Rostock 9242:Münster 9217:Krefeld 9116:Leipzig 9111:Hanover 9091:Dresden 9060:Hamburg 9055:Cologne 8994:Liepāja 8984:Trenčín 8964:Gorizia 8864:Plovdiv 8824:Wrocław 8759:Maribor 8749:Tallinn 8714:Vilnius 8634:Plovdiv 8589:Bologna 8584:Avignon 8479:Antwerp 8449:Glasgow 8221:Kettwig 8206:Huttrop 8171:Fulerum 8141:Dellwig 8116:Bochold 7992:6 April 7965:6 April 7933:6 April 7901:6 April 7825:6 April 7666:29 July 7405:6 April 7074:6 April 6968:6 April 6664:19 June 6638:20 June 6525:3. Liga 5822:Natives 5653:sailing 5647:of the 5274:Altfrid 5250:Kettwig 4946:Madonna 4822:Kumpels 4797:Bauhaus 4747:gliding 4733:: ESS, 4690:Borbeck 4661:Of the 4484:at the 4324:during 3791:Economy 3767:Qingdao 3732:Tampere 3700:twinned 3617:571,039 3606:566,201 3595:591,889 3584:626,973 3573:647,643 3562:677,568 3551:696,733 3540:730,970 3529:698,925 3518:605,411 3507:666,743 3496:654,461 3485:470,524 3474:439,257 3466:+140.7% 3463:231,360 3444:+484.5% 3153:(Volt) 2908:15,849 2873:39,569 2838:51,550 2803:73,206 2603:12,695 2585:25,924 2567:43,093 2508:of the 2456:alike. 2419:Prussia 2335:Bottrop 2310:of the 2295:Velbert 1952:Otto II 1858:Altfrid 1836:Navalia 1832:oppidum 1817:Ptolemy 1717:Astnide 1687:of the 1659:History 1496:(3.70) 1491:(3.13) 1486:(3.04) 1481:(2.91) 1476:(3.63) 1471:(3.37) 1466:(3.11) 1461:(2.64) 1456:(2.07) 1451:(2.58) 1446:(2.63) 1441:(3.34) 1417:(19.9) 1412:(27.9) 1407:(37.8) 1402:(42.8) 1397:(39.9) 1392:(33.8) 1387:(30.9) 1382:(23.7) 1377:(12.0) 1357:(44.8) 1352:(34.9) 1347:(39.7) 1342:(46.2) 1337:(52.3) 1332:(57.6) 1327:(57.7) 1322:(53.6) 1317:(48.6) 1312:(42.6) 1307:(37.6) 1302:(33.4) 1297:(33.1) 1287:(50.9) 1282:(38.7) 1277:(44.1) 1272:(51.4) 1267:(58.8) 1262:(65.1) 1257:(65.7) 1252:(61.9) 1247:(56.8) 1242:(50.4) 1237:(43.5) 1232:(38.1) 1227:(37.2) 1217:(57.4) 1212:(42.3) 1207:(48.4) 1202:(57.6) 1197:(66.2) 1192:(73.4) 1187:(74.3) 1182:(70.0) 1177:(64.8) 1172:(58.1) 1167:(50.0) 1162:(43.0) 1157:(41.2) 1147:(93.7) 1142:(60.4) 1137:(67.6) 1132:(79.0) 1127:(87.1) 1122:(93.7) 1117:(92.3) 1112:(90.1) 1107:(85.6) 1102:(84.0) 1097:(73.8) 1092:(65.7) 1087:(56.3) 990:Climate 972:Kettwig 932:Kettwig 863:Velbert 767:Bottrop 742:General 652:Red Dot 629:Bergish 584:Emscher 560:Cologne 507:Website 490:Kettwig 420:586,608 315:Germany 311:Country 259:Essen 227:Essen 44:Essen 9941:Saxony 9906:Bremen 9769:Cleves 9762:Höxter 9717:Borken 9712:Aachen 9636:Köln ( 9581:Bochum 9571:Aachen 9458:Siegen 9222:Lübeck 9207:Kassel 9182:Erfurt 9157:Bochum 9142:Aachen 9081:Bremen 9065:Munich 9050:Berlin 8894:Kaunas 8884:Galway 8879:Rijeka 8869:Matera 8839:Paphos 8834:Aarhus 8774:Košice 8669:Patras 8614:Bruges 8574:Kraków 8569:Prague 8554:Bergen 8539:Weimar 8489:Lisbon 8469:Madrid 8459:Dublin 8429:Berlin 8396:Athens 8321:Werden 8306:Schuir 8286:Steele 8236:Leithe 8211:Karnap 8136:Byfang 7875:12 May 7722:12 May 7566:12 May 7379:12 May 6986:, in: 6874:12 May 6784:12 May 6754:12 May 6722:12 May 6690:12 May 5661:hikers 5657:rowing 5626:, the 5436:indigo 5422:Museum 5420:Plakat 5266:Ludger 5180:allies 5150:- and 4918:Gothic 4834:. The 4805:UNESCO 4751:Allies 4459:Kassel 4455:Aachen 4209:, and 4207:Bochum 4191:Bochum 3928:RWE AG 3898:RWE AG 3862:. The 3812:RWE AG 3744:Zabrze 3702:with: 3666:Poland 3658:Turkey 3641:Bochum 3532:+15.4% 3499:+39.1% 3477:+89.9% 3455:+86.6% 3452:96,128 3441:51,513 3433:+61.4% 3422:+15.7% 3356:patron 3248:100.0 3242:Total 3228:2,327 3123:(DKP) 3075:4,396 3040:5,282 3005:6,209 2978:6,476 2975:(FDP) 2943:8,309 2905:(AfD) 2835:(SPD) 2800:(CDU) 2787:Seats 2778:Votes 2775:Party 2729:100.0 2723:Total 2715:1,861 2657:4,200 2639:5,168 2621:5,414 2529:Votes 2526:Party 2480:. The 2284:airmen 2271:allied 2200:Steele 2121:Hitler 2046:under 1994:, the 1936:Otto I 1777:Chatti 1634:109.7 1631:149.7 1628:193.0 1625:208.2 1622:197.7 1619:204.7 1616:172.9 1613:125.9 1548:193.1 1427:(1.2) 1422:(1.9) 1372:(3.4) 1367:(1.2) 1038:Month 1008:Berlin 1000:Köppen 924:Werden 828:Bochum 716:UNESCO 631:area. 558:after 9983:Essen 9911:Hesse 9866:Wesel 9841:Soest 9776:Lippe 9727:Düren 9631:Herne 9621:Hagen 9611:Essen 9468:Trier 9393:Neuss 9383:Moers 9348:Herne 9333:Hanau 9323:Hagen 9308:Fürth 9232:Mainz 9101:Essen 8935:Tartu 8809:Plzeň 8744:Turku 8724:Essen 8684:Sibiu 8649:Lille 8644:Genoa 8604:Porto 8439:Paris 8201:Horst 8080:Essen 7959:(PDF) 7952:(PDF) 7758:(PDF) 7751:(PDF) 7712:] 7530:(PDF) 7519:(PDF) 7255:(PDF) 7242:(PDF) 6844:4 May 6493:Sport 6445:2007 6418:1917 6410:] 6401:1912 6392:] 6383:1906 6360:1896 6349:] 6340:1895 6331:] 6322:1888 6312:1879 5681:Orion 5641:] 5286:papal 5160:clock 5128:Krupp 4930:crypt 4916:is a 4409:Venlo 4397:Four 4164:] 4151:] 4111:Media 4059:SPIEL 4017:Fairs 3773:Rivne 3662:Syria 3620:+0.9% 3609:−4.3% 3598:−5.6% 3587:−3.2% 3576:−4.4% 3565:−2.8% 3554:−4.7% 3543:+4.6% 3521:−9.2% 3510:+1.9% 3488:+7.1% 3430:8,813 3419:5,460 3408:4,721 3370:] 3344:Essen 3272:48.1 3214:98.9 2876:18.6 2841:24.3 2806:34.4 2740:48.1 2707:99.1 2588:12.2 2570:20.3 2552:54.3 2500:Mayor 2395:Essen 2256:] 2245:] 2234:] 2129:Reich 2078:Krupp 1960:crypt 1901:Saxon 1827:polis 1810:] 1799:] 1785:Marsi 1754:] 1743:blade 1712:Essen 1694:essen 1640:45.1 1637:60.6 1610:72.8 1607:55.4 1596:76.8 1593:86.1 1590:85.3 1587:81.9 1584:77.5 1581:71.4 1578:70.7 1575:71.3 1572:69.4 1569:68.8 1566:74.8 1563:80.5 1560:84.0 1545:19.9 1542:18.6 1539:16.3 1536:14.8 1533:15.3 1530:15.2 1527:14.5 1524:14.3 1521:13.3 1518:16.4 1515:16.1 1512:18.6 1499:925.3 1425:−17.1 1420:−16.7 1375:−11.1 1370:−15.9 1365:−17.1 1077:Year 917:] 814:Essen 718:as a 689:Krupp 610:] 599:] 527:Essen 322:State 9851:Unna 9801:Olpe 9626:Hamm 9586:Bonn 9363:Jena 9328:Hamm 9212:Kiel 9162:Bonn 8989:2027 8979:Oulu 8974:2026 8955:2025 8949:Bodø 8929:2024 8909:2023 8889:2022 8859:2019 8844:2018 8829:2017 8814:2016 8804:Mons 8799:2015 8794:Riga 8789:Umeå 8784:2014 8769:2013 8754:2012 8739:2011 8734:Pécs 8719:2010 8709:Linz 8704:2009 8689:2008 8674:2007 8664:2006 8659:Cork 8654:2005 8639:2004 8629:Graz 8624:2003 8609:2002 8594:2001 8544:2000 8534:1999 8524:1998 8514:1997 8504:1996 8494:1995 8484:1994 8474:1993 8464:1992 8454:1991 8444:1990 8434:1989 8426:West 8421:1988 8411:1987 8401:1986 8391:1985 8226:Kray 7994:2011 7967:2011 7935:2011 7903:2011 7877:2017 7827:2011 7766:2013 7724:2017 7668:2017 7568:2017 7538:2021 7502:2021 7472:2017 7407:2011 7381:2017 7225:2014 7199:2014 7173:2014 7076:2011 6970:2011 6936:2019 6924:NOAA 6906:2023 6876:2017 6846:2022 6816:2019 6786:2017 6756:2017 6724:2017 6692:2017 6666:2020 6640:2024 6567:ProA 6539:and 6377:and 5472:Rock 5138:and 5044:pre- 4928:and 4801:Ruhr 4790:The 4735:ICAO 4731:IATA 4669:and 4520:and 4470:A 52 4451:A 44 4442:and 4436:A 42 4413:Ruhr 4336:and 4292:The 4217:, a 4193:and 4174:Bild 4154:and 4121:Ruhr 4115:The 4043:SEMA 3913:E.ON 3855:E.ON 3838:and 3676:The 3664:and 3647:and 3633:Ruhr 3614:2022 3603:2011 3592:2001 3581:1990 3570:1980 3559:1975 3548:1970 3537:1963 3526:1956 3515:1950 3504:1939 3493:1933 3482:1925 3471:1919 3460:1905 3449:1895 3438:1871 3427:1849 3416:1831 3405:1816 3394:Pop. 3390:Year 3280:2.8 3231:1.1 3192:1.8 3184:0.0 3168:New 3162:New 3159:0.2 3156:357 3137:0.1 3129:0.2 3126:463 3113:New 3107:New 3104:0.4 3101:760 3087:New 3081:New 3078:2.1 3051:1.7 3043:2.5 3016:1.4 3008:2.9 2989:0.2 2981:3.0 2954:1.4 2946:3.9 2919:3.7 2911:7.5 2884:7.4 2849:9.7 2814:3.0 2790:+/- 2784:+/- 2718:0.9 2696:0.1 2693:232 2678:0.3 2675:546 2660:2.0 2642:2.4 2624:2.5 2606:6.0 2461:Nazi 2344:and 2289:The 2149:Ruhr 2123:and 2080:logo 1889:Harz 1790:The 1703:food 1701:for 1699:noun 1689:verb 1650:NOAA 1557:(%) 1494:94.0 1489:79.4 1484:77.3 1479:74.0 1474:92.2 1469:85.6 1464:79.1 1459:67.0 1454:52.5 1449:65.6 1444:66.7 1439:84.8 1415:−6.7 1410:−2.3 1385:−0.6 1380:−4.6 1335:11.3 1330:14.2 1325:14.3 1320:12.0 1285:10.5 1270:10.8 1265:14.9 1260:18.4 1255:18.7 1250:16.6 1245:13.8 1240:10.2 1215:14.1 1200:14.2 1195:19.0 1190:23.0 1185:23.5 1180:21.1 1175:18.2 1170:14.5 1165:10.0 1145:34.3 1140:15.8 1135:19.8 1130:26.1 1125:30.6 1120:34.3 1115:33.5 1110:32.3 1105:29.8 1100:28.9 1095:23.2 1090:18.7 1085:13.5 1074:Dec 1071:Nov 1068:Oct 1065:Sep 1062:Aug 1059:Jul 1056:Jun 1053:May 1050:Apr 1047:Mar 1044:Feb 1041:Jan 883:Ruhr 712:mine 642:and 640:E.ON 552:Ruhr 464:CEST 391:Area 178:Flag 53:City 9473:Ulm 7802:RVV 5046:war 4952:of 3864:DAX 3342:of 3253:86 3181:86 3143:±0 2995:±0 2887:16 2860:10 2852:21 2817:30 2393:of 2346:RWE 2213:at 1829:or 1819:'s 1727:). 1709:as 1405:3.2 1400:6.0 1395:4.4 1390:1.0 1355:7.1 1350:1.6 1345:4.3 1340:7.9 1315:9.2 1310:5.9 1305:3.1 1300:0.8 1295:0.6 1280:3.7 1275:6.7 1235:6.4 1230:3.4 1225:2.9 1210:5.7 1205:9.1 1160:6.1 1155:5.1 1010:or 1004:Cfb 644:RWE 636:DAX 453:DST 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