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213:. One approach of many epitaphs is to "speak" to the reader and warn them about their own mortality. A wry trick of others is to request the reader to get off their resting place, inasmuch as the reader would have to be standing on the ground above the coffin to read the inscription. Some record achievements (e.g., past politicians note the years of their terms of office). Nearly all (excepting those where this is impossible by definition, such as the
443:
296:' use of epitaphs was more blunt and uniform, typically detailing facts of the deceased – as did the earliest epitaphs in English churches. "May the earth lie light upon thee" was a common inscription for them. Due to the influence of Roman occupiers, the dominant language of epitaphs was Latin, evidenced by the oldest existing epitaphs in Britain. French and English came into fashion around the 13th and 14th centuries, respectively.
316:
considerable burgeoning intellectual interest. Critical essays had been published before on the matter, possibly contributing towards its flourishing in the latter half of the 18th century. Epitaphs never became a major poetic form and, according to
Romantic scholar Ernest Bernhardt-Kabisch, they had "virtually disappeared" by 1810. "The art of the epitaph was largely lost in the 20th century", wrote the
116:
174: 'tomb') is a short text honoring a deceased person. Strictly speaking, it refers to text that is inscribed on a tombstone or plaque, but it may also be used in a figurative sense. Some epitaphs are specified by the person themselves before their death, while others are chosen by those responsible for the burial. An epitaph may be written in
304:, the most prolific pre-Romantic epitaphist, wrote 35 pieces, them being largely satirical. The rate of literary epitaphs has been historically overshadowed by "popular sepulchral inscriptions which are produced in countless numbers at all time"; "strictly literary" epitaphs were most present during the start of the
229:
commemoration of a person, which may or may not be inscribed on a monument. In many
European languages, however, the meaning of the word (or its close equivalent) has broadened to mean the monument itself, specifically a mural monument or plaque erected in a church, often close to, but not directly
315:
have been credited with providing success to epitaph-writing adjacent to that of poetry significance – Robert
Southey, in focusing simultaneously upon transience and eternity, contributed substantially. General interest for epitaphs was waning at the cusp of the 19th century, in contrast to a
299:
By the 16th century, epitaphs had become more literary in nature and those written in verse were involved in trade. In
America and Britain, comedic epitaphs are common in the form of acrostics, palindromes, riddles, and puns on names and professions –
1215:. The South African poet Gert Vlok Nel wrote an (originally) untitled song, which appeared on his first music album "Beaufort-Wes se Beautiful Woorde" as "Epitaph", because his producer Eckard Potgieter told him that the song sounded like an epitaph.
1129:
185:
Most epitaphs are brief records of the family, and perhaps the career, of the deceased, often with a common expression of love or respect—for example, "beloved father of ..."—but others are more ambitious. From the
190:
to the 19th century in
Western culture, epitaphs for notable people became increasingly lengthy and pompous descriptions of their family origins, career, virtues and immediate family, often in Latin. Notably, the
1113:
1036:
1098:
1000:
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217:) note name, year or date of birth, and date of death. Many list family members and the relationship of the deceased to them (for example, "Father / Mother / Son / Daughter of").
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epitaph, exceeds almost all of these at 180 lines; it celebrates the virtues of an honored wife (sometimes identified, but no generally accepted, as the Wife of
1827:
Bertrand, Régis (2005). "Que de vertus: Les épitaphes édifiantes des débuts du XIXe siècle". In
Bertrand, Régis; Carol, Anne; Pelen, Jean-Noël (eds.).
1431:
Mérai, Dóra (2015). "Stones in floors and walls: commemorating the dead in the
Transylvanian Principality". In Dumitran, Daniel; Rotar, Marius (eds.).
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68:
1384:...has traditionally been assigned to this Turia, but this is now generally rejected and there are no good arguments for the identification.
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1884:
Vidor, Gian Marco (2014). "Satisfying the mind and inflaming the heart: emotions and funerary epigraphy in nineteenth-century Italy".
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1924:
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1155:
In a more figurative sense, the term may be used for music composed in memory of the deceased. Igor
Stravinsky composed in 1958
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1299:
1437:. Annales Universitatis Apulensis: Series Historica. Vol. 19. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega. pp. 151–174 (153–162).
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was the prominent format for a significant period of time. Epitaphs upon stone monuments became a common feature by the
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Lengthy epitaph for Johann Wauer (d. 1728), a German pastor, concluding with a short
Biblical quotation
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Stock phrases or standard elements present in epitaphs on mediaeval church monuments and
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In
English, and in accordance with the word's etymology, the word "epitaph" refers to a
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indicating the omitted letters) ("whose soul may God look upon with favour Amen")
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The English Poetic Epitaph: commemoration and conflict from Jonson to Wordsworth
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1831:. Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l'Université de Provence. pp. 241–255.
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for narrator, chamber choir, piano, flute, clarinet and percussion. In 1969,
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1225:, released in 2016, is generally seen as his musical epitaph, with singles "
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This is my father's crime against me, which I myself committed against none.
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Sarcophagi and coffins were the choice of ancient Egyptians for epitaphs;
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Places of Memory: cemeteries and funerary practices throughout the time
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467: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Epitaph Culture in the West: variations on a theme in cultural history
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Against you I will fling myself, unvanquished and unyielding, O Death!
1402:. Oxford handbooks. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
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915:
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115:
1360:
Badian, Ernst (1996). Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony (eds.).
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Plessis, Paul J. du; Ando, Clifford; Tuori, Kaius, eds. (2016).
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deal primarily with Western culture and do not represent a
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over, a person's place of burial. Examples include German
1368:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
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for string trio as a tribute to the memory of his father
1010:
at Seaside Memorial Park in Corpus Christi, Texas citing
636:
Ease after warre, death after life, does greatly please.
1201:(Епітафія Л.Б.) for viola (or cello) and piano. In 2007
800:
Who caught his early death by drinking cold small beer.
495:
1626:
Photograph of William Shakespeare's grave, 3 June 2007
1104:
A folksy epitaph to an English village blacksmith in
280:The history of epitaphs extends as far back as the
1361:
1185:, giving a reference to epitaphs within the song.
1165:called his Symphony No. 2 for choir and orchestra
804:And when you're hot, drink strong or none at all.
1513:
976:He never killed a man that did not need killing.
1954:
1744:The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury
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1919:
1636:
825:Would this man, could he see you now, ask why?
517:(oldest surviving complete musical composition)
1714:"Famous Epitaph on Unknown Soldier tomb stone"
1516:"The Epitaph and the Romantic Poets: A Survey"
1781:. London, New York: J. M. Dent; E. P. Dutton.
1750:(translator). London: John Bohn. p. 188.
1359:
1119:The gravestone of comedian, writer and actor
823:To save your world you asked this man to die:
65:The examples and perspective in this article
1696:"Göttingen Stadtfriedhof Grab David Hilbert"
1399:The Oxford handbook of Roman law and society
870:Heroes have the whole earth for their tomb.
552:Blessed be the man that spares these stones,
1599:
1167:Epitaphium Stanisław Wiechowicz in memoriam
1089:, Glory of Iran and his patriotic daughter
634:Sleep after toyle, port after stormie seas,
1765:
1734:
1619:
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845:When you go home, tell them of us and say,
798:Here sleeps at peace a Hampshire Grenadier
775:that here, obedient to their law, we lie.
568:Here lies One whose Name was writ in Water
220:
1740:"History of the Peloponnesian War 2.34.3"
773:Go tell the Spartans, stranger passing by
483:Learn how and when to remove this message
103:Learn how and when to remove this message
1869:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1826:
1600:Blankinship, Kevin (20 September 2015).
350:
288:utilised emotive expression, written in
114:
802:Soldiers, be wise at his untimely fall,
541:Bleste be yͤ man yͭ spares thes stones,
14:
1955:
1864:
1845:
1161:for flute, clarinet and harp. In 1967
554:And cursed be he that moves my bones.
391:... cuius animae propitietur deus amen
1883:
1651:
1430:
847:For your tomorrow, we gave our today
751:Wir müssen wissen. Wir werden wissen.
548:Good friend, for Jesus's sake forbear
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868:covered over for such as appear not.
718:I've finally stopped getting dumber.
605:Heroes and Kings your distance keep;
537:Good frend for İesvs sake forebeare,
496:Poets, playwrights and other writers
465:adding citations to reliable sources
436:
209:Some are quotes from holy texts, or
152: 'a funeral oration'; from
51:
1798:"Milligan gets last laugh on grave"
609:Who never flattered folks like you;
432:
284:and have differed in delivery. The
24:
1566:. London and New York: Routledge.
1514:Bernhardt-Kabisch, Ernest (1967).
932:Dúirt mé leat go raibh mé breoite.
543:And cvrst be he yͭ moves my bones.
506:life exists only for a short while
25:
1979:
1913:
1639:Dickens' Dictionary Of The Thames
1496:
1449:
711:
607:In peace let one poor poet sleep,
539:To digg the dvst encloased heare.
411:("Sacred to the memory (of) ...")
1742:. In Molesworth, William (ed.).
1671:"The Man Who Loved Only Numbers"
1563:Music in Ancient Greece and Rome
1175:Epitaphium – Children of the Sun
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1271:(ancient Greek funeral oration)
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452:needs additional citations for
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866:There is borne an empty hearse
550:To dig the dust enclosed here.
13:
1:
1925:"What is the Kohima Epitaph?"
1286:
415:
341:
163: 'at, over' and
1898:10.1080/13576275.2014.921667
1520:Huntington Library Quarterly
1191:Epitaphium temporum pereunti
947:
685:
364:
7:
1364:Oxford Classical Dictionary
1339:Online Etymology Dictionary
1236:
1150:
1123:showing the notable epitaph
1054:The epitaph on voice actor
953:Free at last, Free at last,
766:
743:We must know. We will know.
215:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
122:Haymarket Martyrs' Monument
119:Epitaph on the base of the
79:, discuss the issue on the
10:
1984:
1301:
508:and Time demands his due.
393:(generally abbreviated to
275:
204:Quintus Lucretius Vespillo
166:
155:
144:
29:
27:Inscription on a tombstone
1963:Acknowledgements of death
1829:Les narrations de la mort
885:Pericles' Funeral Oration
726:Végre nem butulok tovább.
325:
1850:. Lewiston, NY: Mellen.
1846:Guthke, Karl S. (2003).
1783:Available online at the
1752:Available online at the
1637:Charles Dickens (1893).
1602:"An Elegy by al-Ma'arri"
1106:Houghton, Cambridgeshire
969:
660:Homo sum! the adventurer
428:("may he rest in peace")
395:cuius aie ppitiet ds ame
38:Not to be confused with
33:Epitaph (disambiguation)
1865:Scodel, Joshua (1991).
1560:Landels, John G. 1999.
1481:Encyclopedia Britannica
1476:"Epitaph | poetic form"
1317:A Greek–English Lexicon
1030:; Drumecliff, Co. Sligo
993:Monuments with epitaphs
963:Martin Luther King, Jr.
319:Encyclopedia Britannica
221:Linguistic distinctions
129:, Forest Park, Illinois
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1775:The Peloponnesian War
1308:Liddell, Henry George
1233:" often singled out.
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924:I told you I was ill.
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897:And the beat goes on.
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813:tombstone epitaph in
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502:While you live, shine
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362:of Sir John Harsyck (
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118:
1968:Inscriptions by type
1716:. Famousquotes.me.uk
858:John Maxwell Edmonds
815:Winchester Cathedral
788:honoring the 300 at
504:have no grief at all
461:improve this article
380:in England include:
195:, the longest known
85:create a new article
77:improve this article
31:For other uses, see
1935:on 30 December 2014
1921:Imperial War Museum
1675:archive.nytimes.com
1195:Valentin Silvestrov
586:Horseman, pass by!
561:William Shakespeare
405:Memoriae sacrum ...
1929:archive.iwm.org.uk
1746:. Vol. VIII.
1659:, Berlin: Harcourt
1213:William Waterhouse
1187:Bronius Kutavičius
1181:released the song
955:Thank God Almighty
854:The Kohima Epitaph
584:On life, on death.
422:Requiescat in pace
374:
292:, later in prose.
131:
1409:978-0-19-872868-9
1203:Graham Waterhouse
1197:composed in 1999
1189:composed in 1998
1087:Ezzatollah Sahabi
957:I'm Free at last.
910:That's all folks!
652:The Faerie Queene
493:
492:
485:
282:ancient Egyptians
127:Waldheim Cemetery
113:
112:
105:
87:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
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1269:Epitaphios logos
1219:'s final album,
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1779:Richard Crawley
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1948:Kohima Epitaph
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1914:External links
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1892:(4): 342–360.
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347:Medieval era
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837:W. H. Auden
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593:W. B. Yeats
385:Hic jacet..
367: 1384
188:Renaissance
1957:Categories
1876:0801424828
1857:0773467858
1838:2853996131
1767:Thucydides
1736:Thucydides
1379:019866172X
1287:References
1276:Hero stone
1253:Death poem
1243:Chronogram
1208:Epitaphium
1158:Epitaphium
1142:South Park
983:Gunfighter
903:Sonny Bono
735:Paul Erdős
693:Devanagari
615:blush and
574:John Keats
529:Al-Ma'arri
416:Modern era
342:In England
313:Lake Poets
260:; Swedish
180:poem verse
137:(from
93:March 2019
1906:144222277
1886:Mortality
1700:Wikimedia
1657:The Waves
1606:Jadaliyya
1574:(cloth);
1540:0018-7895
1443:1453-9306
1418:928443479
1334:"epitaph"
1302:ἐπιτάφιος
1227:Blackstar
1222:Blackstar
1205:composed
1173:composed
1135:Grave of
1056:Mel Blanc
1026:Grave of
1006:Grave of
948:Activists
916:Mel Blanc
782:Simonides
722:Hungarian
686:Statesmen
645:, in
473:June 2015
263:epitafium
257:epitafium
254:; Danish
251:epitafium
248:; Polish
245:epitáfium
211:aphorisms
146:ἐπιτάφιος
81:talk page
1771:"2.43.3"
1769:(1910).
1738:(1843).
1720:18 March
1655:(1931),
1488:5 August
1345:18 March
1258:Epigraph
1248:Cenotaph
1237:See also
1151:In music
1074:'s crypt
980:—
960:—
938:—
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767:Soldiers
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236:; Dutch
172:(táphos)
75:You may
40:Epigraph
18:Epitaphs
1939:4 April
1680:28 July
1590:(ebook)
1582:(pbk);
1548:3816994
1320:at the
1231:Lazarus
1229:" and "
1183:Epitaph
786:epigram
371:Norfolk
332:brasses
276:History
269:epitaaf
239:epitaaf
233:Epitaph
227:textual
135:epitaph
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1263:Eulogy
1012:Isaiah
1008:Selena
881:Athens
747:German
697:हे राम
617:Virgil
613:Horace
399:tildes
326:Format
201:consul
178:or in
161:(epi-)
1902:S2CID
1611:4 May
1544:JSTOR
1091:Haleh
970:Other
928:Irish
619:too.
397:with
176:prose
168:τάφος
141:
83:, or
1941:2013
1871:ISBN
1852:ISBN
1833:ISBN
1810:2015
1722:2012
1682:2022
1613:2020
1584:ISBN
1576:ISBN
1568:ISBN
1536:ISSN
1490:2021
1439:ISSN
1414:OCLC
1404:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1347:2012
611:Let
311:The
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