964:) between Sydney Cove and South Head. J. L. Kohen estimates that between 50 and 90 percent of members of local tribes died during the first three years of settlement. No settler child showed any symptoms of the disease. The English rebuffed any responsibility for the epidemic. It has been suggested that either rogue convicts/settlers or the governing authority itself spread the smallpox when ammunition stocks ran low and muskets, when not faulty, proved inadequate to defend the outpost. It is known that several officers of the Fleet had experience of war in North America where using smallpox to diminish tribes had been used as early as 1763.
1290:
time as their arrival, stating on the other hand legally that in all of the First Fleet there had not been anyone who had carried it; that they found it distinguished among the
Natives with its own name; and that finally either this sickness was known before the coming of the Europeans, or that its introduction must have been brought by the French Ships of the Comte de la Perouse. It would be an idle rashness to wish now to entertain ourselves by examining this question: for our purpose it suffices to demonstrate that what will be easier and sooner will be the destruction rather than the civilisation of these unhappy people.' (
1426:
77:
960:) and what was diagnosed as a smallpox epidemic in April 1789 effectively decimated the Port Jackson tribes. Robert King states that of an estimated 2,000 Eora, half (Bennelong's contemporary estimate) were decimated by the contagion. Smallpox and other introduced disease, together with starvation from the plundering of their fish resources, is said to have accounted for the virtual extinction of the 30–50 strong Cadigal clan on the peninsula (
213:
537:
layer of interpretation based on the same lack of original information. This is exacerbated where writers make up names for their own problem-solving convenience. In the absence of factual evidence, it seems the temptation to fill the void with something else becomes very strong and this does not appear to be done in consultation with
Aboriginal people who then inherit the problem.
474:" and "the Sydney district" respectively, and this definition appears to be copied directly in a 1908 wordlist. Attenbrow points out that none of these authors clarify the geographic area that they describe, and none state their source. Despite the lack of evidence for its use as an ethnonym, the word is used as such by Tindale (1974) in his
1289:
King cites from a contemporary
Spanish report, "Examen politico de las colonias inglesas en el Mar Pacifico,":'Wary to avoid the accusation of this being the first fruit of their coming to these distant regions, the English allege in their favour that the epidemic manifested itself at almost the same
1275:
Warren places this in the context of the struggle for scarce food resources:"Phillip sought to resolve these issues, but he probably made matters worse. In
December, he sent marines out to capture some Aborigines, and several musquets were fired and rocks and spears were thrown. One native, Arabanoo,
955:
of 1,300 convicts, guards, and administrators arrived in
January 1788, the Eora numbered about 1,500. By early 1789 frequent remarks were made of great numbers of decomposed bodies of Eora natives which settlers and sailors came across on beaches, in coves and in the bays. Canoes, commonly seen being
939:
were captured for a similar purpose. Colebee escaped, but
Bennelong stayed for several months, learning more about British food needs, etiquette, weaponry and hierarchy than anything the British garnered from conversing with him. Eventually Phillip built a brick house for Bennelong at the site of the
918:
When the colony was first established at Sydney Cove, the Eora were at first bewildered by settlers wreaking havoc on their trees and landscape. They were disconcerted by the suspicion these visitors were ghosts, whose sex was unknown, until the delight of recognition ensued when one sailor dropped
536:
There is a move away from using words like Eora, Dharug, Guringai among some of those involved but still a sense by others that these words now represent a part of
Aboriginal culture in the 21st century. It seems clear that with each new piece of research the issue remains confusing with layer upon
469:
in its original sense "people" or "Aboriginal people", from 1899 onwards non-Aboriginal authors start using the word as an ethnonym, in the sense "Aboriginal people of Sydney", despite the lack of evidence for this use. In two journal articles published in 1899, Wentworth-Bucknell and
Thornton give
307:
The word "Eora" has been used as an ethnonym by non-Aboriginal people since 1899, despite there being "no evidence that
Aboriginal people had used it in 1788 as the name of a language or group of people inhabiting the Sydney peninsula". Since the late 20th century it has also come to be used as an
862:
The traditional Eora people were largely coastal dwellers and lived mainly from the produce of the sea. They were expert in close-to-shore navigation, fishing, cooking, and eating in the bays and harbours in their bark canoes. The Eora people did not grow or plant crops; although the women picked
489:
Kohen proposes that "Eora" is derived from "e" meaning "yes" and "ora" meaning "country". Given that there is no primary evidence for the derivation of the word, this theory remains speculation. Contemporary linguistic analysis of the primary evidence does not support this theory either. The only
986:
wrote in 1806: "Much has been said about the propriety of their being compelled to work as Slaves, but as I have ever considered them the real
Proprietors of the Soil, I have never suffered any restraint whatever on these lines, or suffered any injury to be done to their persons or property."
923:
mistook scarring on women's temples as proof of men's mistreatment, when it was a trace of mourning practices. From the outset, the colonizers kidnapped Eora to train them to be intermediaries between the settlers and the indigenous people. The first man to suffer this fate was the
751:
each man considers his own community to be the best. When he chances to meet a fellow-countryman from another community, and if someone speaks well of the other man, he will invariably start to abuse him, saying that he is reputed to be a cannibal, robber, great coward and so
761:
Eora is used specifically of the people around the first area of white settlement in Sydney. The generic term Eora generally is used with a wider denotation to embrace some 29 clans. The sizes of these clans could range from 20 to 60 but averaged around 50 members.
1236:
The natives of the coast, whenever speaking of those of the interior, constantly expressed themselves with contempt and marks of disapprobation. Their language was unknown to each other, and there was not any doubt of their living in a state of mutual distrust and
867:. They made extensive use of rock shelters, many of which were later destroyed by settlers who mined them for their rich concentrations of phosphates, which were then used for manure. Wetland management was important:
2759:
Southwell, D (1788). "Extract of a copy of a letter from D. Southwell to the Rev. W. Butler, dated 12th July, 1788, from Sydney Cove, of which the original has not been preserved; and a list of words and an account".
1005:
by their parents on one day, 28 December, a year. It proved a disaster, and many children died there. Aboriginal people continued to camp in central Sydney until they were evicted from their camps, such as the one at
1056:, wife of Bennelong, was an important Cammeraygal woman from Sydney's early history who was a powerful and colourful figure in the colonisation of Australia. She is commemorated in the naming of the suburb of
568:. It became extinct after the first two generations, and has been partially reconstructed in some general outlines from the many notes made of it by the original colonists, in particular from the notebooks of
505:), although in that case it occurs immediately after a nasal consonant and almost certainly represents an inconsistency in transcription. Indeed, Troy gives an initial nasal consonant in her reference form
975:
in 1802 give the impression that the settlers' relations with the Eora who survived the epidemic were generally amenable. Governor Phillip chose not to retaliate after he was speared by Willemering at
427:
and translates it as "people, or Aboriginal people". In addition to this entry for "people, or Aboriginal people", Troy also gives an entry for "non-Aboriginal person", for which she lists the terms
1431:
1429:
919:
his pants to clarify their perplexity. There were 17 encounters in the first month, as the Eora sought to defend their territorial and fishing rights. Misunderstandings were frequent: Governor
532:
The dilemma in using terms "coined by 19th century anthropologists (e.g. Daruk) or modified from their original meaning (e.g. Eora)" is discussed at length by the Aboriginal Heritage Office:
3086:
483:
56:
910:
The Eora placed a time limit on formal battles engaged to settle inter-tribal grievances. Such fights were regulated to begin late in the afternoon, and to cease shortly after twilight.
446:
The distinction between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people, observed by Troy and the primary sources, is also found in other Australian languages. For example, Giacon observes that
262:. Eora is the name given by the earliest European settlers to a group of Aboriginal people belonging to the clans along the coastal area of what is now known as the Sydney basin, in
3118:
1038:
of the Eora peoples, served as a link between the British colony at Sydney and the Eora people in the early days of the colony. He was given a brick hut on what became known as
1022:
and published in 1811. A modern version of the song was rendered by Clarence Slockee and Matthew Doyle at the State Library of NSW, August 2010, and may be heard online.
854:
The Wangal, Wallumettagal and Burramattagal constituted the three Parramatta saltwater peoples. It has been suggested that these had a matrilineal pattern of descent.
512:
Despite the lack of evidence for the use of the word "Eora" as an ethnonym, Aboriginal people in Sydney have also begun to use the word as such. For example, in the
3078:
2933:
1254:. The people described by British settlers as the Eora people were probably Cadigal people, the Aboriginal tribe of the inner Sydney region in 1788 at the time of
3940:
2773:
2550:
An Historical Journal of the Transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island, … including the journals of Governors Phillip and King, and of Lieut. Ball; …
3111:
2418:
Foley, Dennis (2007). "Leadership: the quandary of Aboriginal societies in crises, 1788 – 1830, and 1966". In Macfarlane, Ingereth; Hannah, Mark (eds.).
490:
primary source for the word "country", the anonymous vocabulary (ca. 1790–1792), records the word three times: twice with an initial nasal consonant (
1018:
An Eora song has survived. It was sung by Bennelong and Yemmerrawanne at a concert in London in 1793. Their words and the music were transcribed by
3975:
2643:
3968:
4003:
3933:
3104:
2924:
887:
and speared from rock ledges. As summer drew to an end, feasting on turtle was a prized occasion. In winter, one foraged for and hunted
513:
2835:
509:
for "place or country", which agrees with her and others' observation that "Australian languages do not usually have initial vowels".
3947:
3912:
1276:
was captured. Shortly after, he was displayed in front of his home clan in a rather naïve effort to show them he was still alive." (
403:
Collins's wordlist is the only original wordlist that does not translate the term as "men" or "people"; however, in the text of his
277:
Contact with the first white settlement's bridgehead into Australia quickly devastated much of the population through epidemics of
739:. Their clan identification, belonging to numerous groups of about 50 members, overrode more general Eora loyalties, according to
281:
and other diseases. Their descendants live on, though their languages, social system, way of life and traditions are mostly lost.
3961:
2289:
1071:
569:
3091:
2599:
3954:
3042:
3011:
2849:
2466:
2431:
2400:
2375:
2347:
2279:
2240:
2212:
2187:
956:
paddled around the harbor of Port Jackson, had disappeared. The Sydney natives called the disease that was wiping them out (
1255:
1196:
3075:
2657:
2485:
2271:
2250:
744:
565:
3789:
2868:
2732:
2632:
994:
564:(or Eora). It was described as "extremely grateful to the ear, being in many instances expressive and sonorous", by
2908:
2749:
2741:
1039:
872:
2169:
Vocabulary of the language of N.S. Wales in the neighbourhood of Sydney. (Native and English but not alphabetical)
2588:
156:
3146:
2837:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
2385:
Dosen, Anthony; Ballantyne, Tanya; Brumpton, Marcia; Gibson, Kim; Harris, Leon; Lippingwell, Stephen (2013).
868:
829:
415:… that all the white men here came from England. I then asked him where the black men (or Eora) came from?
2558:
1057:
747:
and underlined decades later by a visiting Russian naval officer, Aleksey Rossiysky in 1814, who wrote:
2392:
2367:
2339:
2301:
1251:
95:
3269:
3188:
2648:
2604:
2882:
2818:
Thornton, G (1899). "Linguistics — Aboriginal names of places at Port Jackson and along the coast".
2496:
703:
to extend over some 700 square miles (1,800 km), from Port Jackson's northern shores up to the
3034:
1259:
728:
105:
2774:"'Spine-tingling': Rugby viewers praise Australian national anthem sung in First Nations language"
2506:
Hinkson, Melinda (2002). "Exploring 'Aboriginal' sites in Sydney: a shifting politics of place?".
982:
on 7 September 1790, in the presence of Bennelong who had, in the meantime, "gone bush". Governor
2204:
653:
592:
553:
2934:"Was Sydney's smallpox outbreak of 1789 an act of biological warfare against Aboriginal tribes?"
560:, which generally refers to what is known as the inland variety, as opposed to the coastal form
465:
Whereas the primary sources, Troy, and Attenbrow only use the word "Eora" or its reference form
3127:
2877:
2716:
2305:
1019:
976:
780:
649:
447:
292:
2386:
2254:
2198:
579:
Some of the words of Aboriginal language still in use today are from the Darug (also possibly
2450:
2333:
2226:
1098:
879:
lagoons furnished abundant food, culled seasonally. Summer foods consisted of oyster, netted
524:
The Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council and its members would like to acknowledge the
255:
20:
3092:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070205102554/http://www.livingharbour.net/aboriginal/index.cfm
2361:
2322:
Vocabulary of the language of N.S. Wales, in the neighbourhood of Sydney, Native and English
2265:
3871:
3833:
3816:
2938:
968:
814:
fish clan". North of the Parramatta River. Milson Point, North Shore opposite Sydney Cove).
776:
8:
3823:
3799:
3056:
3052:
2620:
2297:
3096:
2677:
287:
suggests human activity occurred in and around Sydney for at least 30,000 years, in the
3878:
3854:
3847:
3683:
2968:
2943:
2918:
2861:"The Sydney Language Notebooks and responses to language contact in early colonial NSW"
2806:
2802:
2703:
2694:
2566:
2517:
2508:
2437:
2357:
2329:
1043:
1002:
972:
941:
525:
284:
3004:
The Darug and their neighbours: The traditional Aboriginal owners of the Sydney region
1247:
3892:
3861:
3782:
3276:
3262:
3038:
3007:
2972:
2904:
2845:
2789:
Stockton, Eugene D.; Nanson, Gerald C. (April 2004). "Cranebrook Terrace Revisited".
2745:
2628:
2584:
2536:
2481:
2462:
2427:
2411:
Filling a void: a review of the historical context for the use of the word 'Guringai'
2396:
2371:
2343:
2275:
2236:
2208:
2183:
990:
580:
288:
66:
407:, Collins uses the word to mean "black men", specifically in contrast to white men:
2960:
2887:
2798:
2232:
1613:
1611:
888:
791:
704:
630:
299:, which would mean that humans could have been in the region earlier than thought.
234:
2860:
2293:
3885:
3840:
3806:
3687:
3675:
3131:
3082:
2964:
2723:
2684:
2458:
2179:
Sydney's Aboriginal Past: Investigating the Archaeological and Historical Records
2177:
1061:
557:
547:
450:
speakers used different lexical items for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal persons:
263:
259:
123:
3006:, Darug Link in association with the Blacktown and District Historical Society,
1608:
998:
3691:
3213:
2831:
2222:
920:
740:
700:
296:
2980:
Wentworth-Bucknell, W (1899). "A comparison of names in different languages".
2891:
2441:
931:, who died soon after in the smallpox epidemic of 1789. Several months later,
3998:
3992:
3757:
3695:
3367:
1093:
1047:
1007:
983:
880:
806:
712:
274:
people, whose traditional lands lie further inland, to the west of the Eora.
171:
158:
2540:
2451:"From Pawns to Players: Rewriting the Lives of Three Indigenous Go-Betweens"
2144:
1246:
Their traditional land and watrs are south of Port Jackson, stretching from
695:
Eora territory is composed of sandstone coastal outcrops and ridges, coves,
3619:
3591:
3472:
3346:
3178:
1153:
638:
528:
of the lands within our boundaries, the 29 clan groups of the Eora Nation.
471:
2951:
Warren, Christopher (2014b). "Smallpox at Sydney Cove – who, when, why?".
967:
Several foreign reports, independent of English sources, such as those of
766:
denominates the clan or extendeds family group affixed to the place name.
3722:
3612:
3563:
3465:
3402:
3234:
3022:
3018:
2535:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies.
1067:
952:
771:
573:
313:
2810:
2707:
2521:
1596:
883:
caught in nets, with fat fish caught on a line and larger fish taken on
76:
3598:
3584:
3437:
3395:
3360:
3318:
3311:
3297:
1080:, kidnapped by militia of the First Fleet to be trained as interpreter.
1053:
936:
811:
716:
610:
201:
2455:
Subverting Empire: Deviance and Disorder in the British Colonial World
3736:
3640:
3633:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3479:
3416:
3171:
3087:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
2841:
2423:
1031:
932:
864:
720:
708:
599:
412:
312:
by Aboriginal people too. The word first appears in the wordlists of
267:
217:
196:
3206:
2530:
572:, who picked up the languages spoken by the Eora from his companion
3743:
3654:
3647:
3570:
3549:
3542:
3458:
3430:
3423:
3381:
3374:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3290:
3248:
3241:
3220:
1087:
1083:
1077:
928:
904:
884:
824:
736:
696:
309:
291:
period. However, numerous Aboriginal stone tools found in Sydney's
278:
2731:
Smith, Keith Vincent; Burke, Anthony; Riley, Michael (June 2006).
3750:
3729:
3668:
3626:
3605:
3577:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3451:
3444:
3388:
3353:
3255:
3227:
1512:
925:
900:
896:
892:
876:
798:
732:
626:
618:
1090:
clan warrior who led the Eora resistance for more than a decade.
3764:
3661:
1201:
1035:
786:
622:
316:
officers, where it was mostly translated as "men" or "people":
237:
221:
1874:
1872:
1473:
1471:
1390:
1227:
was associated with a specific group of people or a language."
948:, (Bennelong Point). The hut was demolished five years later.
478:, and Horton (1994) in his map of Aboriginal Australia in the
295:
gravel sediments were dated to be from 45,000 to 50,000 years
3556:
3486:
3409:
3283:
3164:
3002:
Kohen, J. L; Blacktown; Society, District Historical (1993),
2384:
2363:
Searching for Aboriginal Languages: Memoirs of a Field Worker
2200:
An Unlikely Leader: The Life and Times of Captain John Hunter
2150:
1191:
724:
584:
271:
240:
2656:
1794:
1602:
1456:
1173:. (Eora horde near Long Nose Point, Balmain, and Parramatta)
520:, the Council gives this example acknowledgement of country:
212:
3704:
2692:
Smith, Keith Vincent (2009). "Bennelong among his people".
1869:
1524:
1468:
1378:
820:. ("Eel place clan"= at the source of the Parramatta River)
2026:
2024:
3126:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1258:. The Cadigal clan western boundary is approximately the
711:. Its southern borders were as far as Botany Bay and the
2420:
Transgressions: Critical Australian Indigenous histories
1975:
1973:
1971:
1896:
2982:
Science of Man and Australasian Anthropological Journal
2820:
Science of Man and Australasian Anthropological Journal
2413:. Sydney: Aboriginal Heritage Office. 2015. p. 40.
2021:
1845:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1650:
1046:
now stands. He travelled to England in 1792 along with
552:
The language spoken by the Eora has, since the time of
2658:"Protocols for welcome to country and acknowledgement"
2084:
1985:
1908:
1884:
1857:
1782:
1638:
1626:
1572:
1402:
1366:
1327:
2108:
2072:
2060:
2009:
1968:
1746:
1446:
1444:
1414:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
2644:"Right back at us: Bennelong's song for 1793 London"
1956:
1944:
1920:
1833:
1806:
1722:
1662:
1584:
1500:
518:
Protocols for welcome to country and acknowledgement
2600:"Settlers' history rewritten: go back 30,000 years"
2256:
An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales
2120:
2048:
1997:
1932:
1770:
1710:
1698:
1536:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1166:
Kemmaraigal, Camera-gal, Camerray-gal, Kemmirai-gal
699:swamps, creeks and tidal lagoons, was estimated by
470:"Ea-ora" as the name of the "tribe" who inhabited "
3076:Bibliography of Eora people and language resources
2979:
2663:. Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council. 2016
2559:"Eora and English at Port Jackson: A Spanish View"
2096:
2036:
1758:
1734:
1560:
1548:
1518:
1441:
1306:
1219:"Neither the word lists nor the contexts in which
2625:The Languages of the Kimberley, Western Australia
2132:
1223:is used in these early accounts suggest the word
1001:children to civilize them, on the condition they
3990:
2717:"1793: A Song of the Natives of New South Wales"
1674:
1483:
1354:
723:lay to the north: on the Western edges were the
320:"Eora" in the wordlists of First Fleet officers
2730:
1878:
1800:
1263:
648:In December 2020, Olivia Fox sang a version of
16:Aboriginal Australian nation of New South Wales
2788:
2409:
1617:
1396:
1140:. (Eora horde on the south side of Botany Bay)
3112:
2583:. Sydney: Western Sydney Project. p. 7.
2581:Aborigines in the West: Prehistory to present
2453:. In Jackson, Will; Manktelow, Emily (eds.).
1686:
2228:Aboriginal Australians: A History Since 1788
2166:
1477:
2495:Heiss, Anita; Gibson, Melodie-Jane (2013).
2494:
1372:
1162:(toponym of northern area of Port Jackson).
3119:
3105:
2923:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2388:Investigating Legal Studies for Queensland
2319:
1420:
514:Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council
3913:List of Australian Aboriginal group names
2881:
2758:
2734:EORA: Mapping Aboriginal Sydney 1770–1850
2627:. Abingdon: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 37.
2298:Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project
2175:
2030:
1851:
1462:
1408:
1384:
1348:
850:. (Broken Bay, or southern vicinity)
423:(1994), Troy respells the word "Eora" as
3031:The Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia
2817:
2772:
2619:
2532:The encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia
2448:
2090:
1991:
1728:
1578:
1530:
498:), and only once with an initial vowel (
211:
2950:
2931:
2830:
2641:
2505:
2267:The Australian Frontier Wars, 1788–1838
2249:
2126:
2114:
2066:
2054:
1979:
1914:
1788:
1752:
1644:
1542:
1435:
1277:
1179:
1146:. (horde on south side of Port Jackson)
3991:
2547:
2528:
2478:Wiidhaa: an introduction to Gamilaraay
2475:
2263:
2221:
2196:
2015:
1962:
1950:
1938:
1839:
1827:
1815:
1590:
1554:
1506:
1450:
482:, which has been widely circulated by
4004:Aboriginal peoples of New South Wales
3100:
2714:
2691:
2675:
2597:
2578:
2417:
2356:
2328:
2138:
2003:
1926:
1902:
1890:
1863:
1776:
1740:
1716:
1704:
1668:
1566:
1360:
1321:
719:. In terms of tribal boundaries, the
480:Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia
270:. The Eora share a language with the
2898:
2858:
2842:Australian National University Press
2642:Meacham, Steve (20 September 2010).
2556:
2424:Australian National University Press
2102:
2078:
2042:
1764:
1680:
1656:
1632:
1494:
1291:
1105:
1101:, a songwriter and boomerang expert.
2480:. Canberra: ANU Press. p. 64.
2294:"The Aboriginal language of Sydney"
2272:University of New South Wales Press
802:. (South side of Port Jackson)
13:
2994:
2803:10.1002/j.1834-4453.2004.tb00560.x
2197:Barnes, Robert Winstanley (2009).
1070:, an Eora who taught her paramour
609:, two sword-like fighting sticks;
14:
4015:
3182:(mainly Queensland bordering NSW)
3069:
2869:Australian Journal of Linguistics
2288:
1692:
1603:MLALC: Protocols for welcome 2021
1025:
656:between Australia and Argentina.
458:for an Aboriginal man/woman, and
2932:Warren, Chris (17 April 2014a).
2742:State Library of New South Wales
1197:History of Australia (1788–1850)
659:
633:(owl). The Australian bush term
462:for a non-Aboriginal man/woman.
353:The name common for the natives
233:
75:
1283:
1269:
1240:
1230:
1050:and returned to Sydney in 1795.
2259:. London: T.Cadell, W. Davies.
1213:
476:Aboriginal Tribes of Australia
1:
2953:Journal of Australian Studies
2715:Smith, Keith Vincent (2011).
2676:Smith, Keith Vincent (2005).
1879:Smith, Burke & Riley 2006
1801:Smith, Burke & Riley 2006
1264:Smith, Burke & Riley 2006
997:to house aboriginal and also
3029:Kurupt, Daniel, ed. (1994).
2965:10.1080/14443058.2013.849750
2320:Dawes, William (1790–1791).
1300:
857:
7:
3059:(eds.). "Sydney language".
2776:. SBS News. 6 December 2020
2498:Aboriginal people and place
1185:
727:; and to the south, around
715:. Westwards it extended to
650:Australia's national anthem
541:
302:
10:
4020:
3139:Aboriginal language groups
3061:Macquarie Aboriginal Words
2393:Cambridge University Press
2368:Cambridge University Press
2340:Cambridge University Press
2335:The Languages of Australia
2159:
1397:Stockton & Nanson 2004
1060:, on the eastern shore of
913:
707:plateau's margins, around
690:
545:
18:
3922:
3902:
3774:
3714:
3198:
3189:Western Bundjalung people
3156:
3138:
2892:10.1080/07268609208599474
2649:The Sydney Morning Herald
2605:The Sydney Morning Herald
2552:. London: John Stockdale.
1256:first European settlement
863:herbs which were used in
794:. Long Cove to Rose Hill)
735:, a northern clan of the
192:
187:
150:
142:
134:
129:
119:
111:
101:
91:
86:
74:
35:
30:
3035:Aboriginal Studies Press
2557:King, Robert J. (1986).
1207:
756:
743:, a point first made by
637:(to bathe) comes from a
583:) language and include:
2832:Tindale, Norman Barnett
2598:Macey, Richard (2007).
2449:Fullagar, Kate (2015).
2205:Sydney University Press
2176:Attenbrow, Val (2010).
1519:Wentworth-Bucknell 1899
1373:Heiss & Gibson 2013
1013:
3403:Kawambarai/Gawambaraay
2899:Troy, Jakelin (1994).
2859:Troy, Jakelin (1992).
2791:Archaeology in Oceania
2529:Horton, David (1994).
2306:Aboriginal Affairs NSW
2182:. Sydney: UNSW Press.
754:
680:(people from far away)
654:Tri Nations Test match
539:
530:
417:
225:
81:Sydney Basin bioregion
3928:By state or territory
3147:Yugambeh-Bandjalangic
2678:"Tupaia's Sketchbook"
2579:Kohen, James (1985).
2548:Hunter, John (1793).
2476:Giacon, John (2020).
2264:Connor, John (2002).
2167:Anonymous (c. 1790).
1003:could only be visited
749:
534:
522:
409:
256:Aboriginal Australian
224:clansman of the Eora.
215:
21:Eora (disambiguation)
3775:Aboriginal languages
3057:McGregor, William B.
3053:Thieberger, Nicholas
2621:McGregor, William B.
2426:. pp. 177–192.
838:. (locality unknown)
775:. (Port Jackson,
600:boomerang=combining
19:For other uses, see
3081:28 May 2015 at the
2901:The Sydney Language
1905:, pp. 178–179.
1659:, pp. 145–170.
1533:, pp. 210–211.
1465:, pp. 696–704.
1387:, pp. 152–153.
1152:. (name of an Eora
1123:Ea-ora, Iora, Yo-ra
969:Alexandro Malaspina
844:. (Bradley Head)
421:The Sydney Language
394:Eō-ra (or) E-ō-rāh
375:A number of people
321:
293:far western suburbs
188:Notable individuals
168: /
3941:Northern Territory
3270:Western Bundjalung
3199:Aboriginal peoples
3157:Aboriginal nations
2695:Aboriginal History
2567:Aboriginal History
2509:Aboriginal History
2461:. pp. 22–42.
1144:Kadigal/ Caddiegal
1044:Sydney Opera House
995:Native Institution
991:Governor Macquarie
973:Louis de Freycinet
942:Sydney Opera House
526:traditional owners
319:
285:Radiocarbon dating
226:
3986:
3985:
3976:Western Australia
3333:Gidhabal/Githabul
3044:978-0-85575-234-7
3013:978-0-646-13619-6
2851:978-0-708-10741-6
2501:. City of Sydney.
2468:978-1-137-46587-0
2433:978-1-921-31344-8
2402:978-1-107-65346-7
2377:978-1-108-02504-1
2349:978-0-521-29450-8
2281:978-0-868-40756-2
2242:978-1-741-76554-0
2233:Allen & Unwin
2214:978-1-920-89919-6
2189:978-1-74223-116-7
2151:Dosen et al. 2013
2081:, pp. 49–50.
1893:, pp. 10–11.
1866:, pp. 1–110.
1830:, pp. 2, 22.
1635:, p. 1, n.2.
1478:Anonymous c. 1790
1399:, pp. 59–60.
1118:Cammeray, Cammera
1106:Alternative names
790:. (South of the
401:
400:
289:Upper Paleolithic
210:
209:
4011:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3915:
3908:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3865:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3827:
3826:(or Yuwaaliyaay)
3819:
3812:
3810:
3802:
3795:
3793:
3785:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3715:Aboriginal clans
3707:
3698:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3340:Gringai/Guringay
3335:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3191:
3184:
3183:
3174:
3167:
3149:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3098:
3097:
3064:
3048:
3016:
2989:
2976:
2947:
2928:
2922:
2914:
2895:
2885:
2865:
2855:
2827:
2814:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2769:
2755:
2739:
2727:
2721:
2711:
2688:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2662:
2653:
2638:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2594:
2575:
2563:
2553:
2544:
2525:
2502:
2491:
2472:
2445:
2422:. Vol. 16.
2414:
2406:
2381:
2353:
2325:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2285:
2260:
2246:
2218:
2193:
2172:
2171:. . p. 353.
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1481:
1475:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1439:
1433:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1325:
1319:
1295:
1287:
1281:
1273:
1267:
1244:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1217:
792:Parramatta River
741:Governor Phillip
705:Hawkesbury River
411:Conversing with
322:
318:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
183:
182:
180:
179:
178:
173:
169:
166:
165:
164:
161:
102:Language branch:
92:Language family:
79:
70:
60:
49:
28:
27:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4008:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3955:South Australia
3953:
3946:
3939:
3934:New South Wales
3932:
3927:
3918:
3911:
3906:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3805:
3798:
3792:(or Bundjalung)
3791:
3788:
3781:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3710:
3703:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3194:
3187:
3181:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3152:
3145:
3134:
3132:New South Wales
3125:
3083:Wayback Machine
3072:
3067:
3051:
3045:
3028:
3014:
3001:
2997:
2995:Further reading
2992:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2883:10.1.1.557.9909
2863:
2852:
2779:
2777:
2752:
2737:
2726:. pp. 1–7.
2719:
2687:. pp. 1–6.
2680:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2635:
2610:
2608:
2591:
2561:
2488:
2487:978-176046327-4
2469:
2434:
2403:
2378:
2358:Dixon, R. M. W.
2350:
2330:Dixon, R. M. W.
2310:
2308:
2282:
2243:
2223:Broome, Richard
2215:
2190:
2162:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2113:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1937:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1901:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1616:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1484:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1442:
1434:
1427:
1421:Dawes 1790–1791
1419:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1328:
1320:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1270:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1188:
1176:
1108:
1074:Eora languages.
1062:Darling Harbour
1040:Bennelong Point
1028:
1016:
916:
865:herbal remedies
860:
759:
693:
662:
550:
548:Dharug language
544:
342:Men, or people
305:
264:New South Wales
260:New South Wales
236:
232:
206:
176:
174:
170:
167:
162:
159:
157:
155:
154:
120:Group dialects:
112:Language group:
82:
61:
51:
50:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4017:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3909:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3820:
3813:
3803:
3796:
3786:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3185:
3175:
3168:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3124:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3071:
3070:External links
3068:
3066:
3065:
3049:
3043:
3026:
3012:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2977:
2948:
2929:
2909:
2896:
2876:(1): 145–170.
2856:
2850:
2828:
2815:
2786:
2770:
2756:
2750:
2728:
2712:
2689:
2673:
2654:
2639:
2633:
2617:
2595:
2589:
2576:
2554:
2545:
2526:
2503:
2492:
2486:
2473:
2467:
2446:
2442:j.ctt24hfb0.12
2432:
2415:
2407:
2401:
2382:
2376:
2354:
2348:
2326:
2317:
2290:Dawes, William
2286:
2280:
2261:
2251:Collins, David
2247:
2241:
2219:
2213:
2194:
2188:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2153:, p. 363.
2143:
2131:
2119:
2107:
2095:
2083:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2031:Attenbrow 2010
2020:
2018:, p. 151.
2008:
1996:
1984:
1967:
1955:
1943:
1931:
1929:, p. 180.
1919:
1917:, p. 127.
1907:
1895:
1883:
1868:
1856:
1852:Attenbrow 2010
1844:
1832:
1820:
1805:
1793:
1791:, p. 193.
1781:
1769:
1757:
1745:
1733:
1721:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1673:
1671:, p. 178.
1661:
1649:
1647:, p. 609.
1637:
1625:
1619:Filling a void
1607:
1595:
1583:
1571:
1559:
1547:
1535:
1523:
1521:, p. 195.
1511:
1499:
1482:
1480:, p. 353.
1467:
1463:Southwell 1788
1455:
1440:
1425:
1413:
1409:Attenbrow 2010
1401:
1389:
1385:Attenbrow 2010
1377:
1365:
1353:
1349:Attenbrow 2010
1326:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1282:
1268:
1239:
1229:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1182:, p. 193
1175:
1174:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1091:
1081:
1075:
1065:
1051:
1027:
1026:Notable people
1024:
1015:
1012:
1010:in the 1880s.
993:established a
915:
912:
859:
856:
852:
851:
845:
839:
833:
821:
815:
803:
795:
783:
758:
755:
701:Norman Tindale
692:
689:
688:
687:
681:
675:
669:
661:
658:
556:, been called
546:Main article:
543:
540:
399:
398:
395:
392:
388:
387:
384:
381:
377:
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373:
370:
366:
365:
364:Men or people
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83:
80:
72:
71:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4016:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3864:(or Dharawal)
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3828:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3804:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3758:Wallumettagal
3755:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3684:Wanggeriburra
3680:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2912:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2735:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2674:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2634:0-415-30808-9
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2135:
2128:
2123:
2117:, p. 70.
2116:
2111:
2105:, p. 50.
2104:
2099:
2093:, p. 36.
2092:
2091:Fullagar 2015
2087:
2080:
2075:
2069:, p. 73.
2068:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2045:, p. 49.
2044:
2039:
2033:, p. 21.
2032:
2027:
2025:
2017:
2012:
2006:, p. 12.
2005:
2000:
1994:, p. 35.
1993:
1992:Fullagar 2015
1988:
1982:, p. 65.
1981:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1965:, p. 17.
1964:
1959:
1953:, p. 16.
1952:
1947:
1940:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1865:
1860:
1854:, p. 29.
1853:
1848:
1842:, p. 61.
1841:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1818:, p. 22.
1817:
1812:
1810:
1802:
1797:
1790:
1785:
1779:, p. 11.
1778:
1773:
1767:, p. 48.
1766:
1761:
1755:, p. 74.
1754:
1749:
1742:
1737:
1730:
1729:SBS News 2020
1725:
1719:, p. 70.
1718:
1713:
1707:, p. 15.
1706:
1701:
1694:
1689:
1682:
1677:
1670:
1665:
1658:
1653:
1646:
1641:
1634:
1629:
1623:, p. 40.
1622:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1604:
1599:
1593:, p. 15.
1592:
1587:
1581:, p. 37.
1580:
1579:McGregor 2004
1575:
1568:
1563:
1556:
1551:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1531:Thornton 1899
1527:
1520:
1515:
1509:, p. 64.
1508:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1464:
1459:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1422:
1417:
1411:, p. 36.
1410:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1386:
1381:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1351:, p. 35.
1350:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1324:, p. 10.
1323:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1294:, p. 54)
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1233:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1212:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1113:Bedia-mangora
1111:
1110:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:Yemmerrawanne
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:William Dawes
1069:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:Yemmerrawanne
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1008:Circular Quay
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
985:
984:William Bligh
981:
979:
974:
970:
965:
963:
959:
954:
949:
947:
943:
938:
934:
930:
927:
922:
911:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
855:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
827:
826:
822:
819:
818:Burramattagal
816:
813:
809:
808:
807:Wallumettagal
804:
801:
800:
796:
793:
789:
788:
784:
782:
778:
774:
773:
769:
768:
767:
765:
753:
748:
746:
745:David Collins
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
713:Georges River
710:
706:
702:
698:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
663:
660:Example words
657:
655:
651:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:
603:
597:
596:
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
570:William Dawes
567:
566:David Collins
563:
559:
555:
554:R. H. Mathews
549:
538:
533:
529:
527:
521:
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
501:
497:
493:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
468:
463:
461:
460:wanda/wadjiin
457:
453:
449:
445:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
416:
414:
408:
406:
396:
393:
390:
389:
385:
382:
379:
378:
374:
371:
368:
367:
363:
360:
357:
356:
352:
349:
346:
345:
341:
338:
335:
334:
330:
327:
324:
323:
317:
315:
311:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:
245:
231:
223:
219:
214:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
191:
186:
181:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
85:
78:
73:
68:
64:
58:
54:
48:
44:
40:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3620:Wirraayaraay
3592:Wangaaypuwan
3473:Nhaawuparlku
3347:Gumbaynggirr
3304:
3060:
3030:
3003:
2985:
2981:
2959:(1): 68–86.
2956:
2952:
2937:
2910:0-646-110152
2903:. Canberra.
2900:
2873:
2867:
2836:
2823:
2819:
2797:(1): 59–60.
2794:
2790:
2778:. Retrieved
2765:
2761:
2751:0-7313-71615
2733:
2699:
2693:
2665:. Retrieved
2647:
2624:
2609:. Retrieved
2603:
2580:
2571:
2565:
2549:
2531:
2513:
2507:
2497:
2477:
2454:
2419:
2410:
2387:
2362:
2334:
2321:
2309:. Retrieved
2266:
2255:
2227:
2199:
2178:
2168:
2146:
2134:
2127:Meacham 2010
2122:
2115:Hinkson 2002
2110:
2098:
2086:
2074:
2067:Warren 2014b
2062:
2055:Warren 2014a
2050:
2038:
2011:
1999:
1987:
1980:Hinkson 2002
1958:
1946:
1941:, p. 3.
1934:
1922:
1915:Tindale 1974
1910:
1898:
1886:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1803:, p. 1.
1796:
1789:Tindale 1974
1784:
1772:
1760:
1753:Warren 2014b
1748:
1743:, p. 9.
1736:
1724:
1712:
1700:
1688:
1676:
1664:
1652:
1645:Collins 1798
1640:
1628:
1618:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1569:, p. 7.
1562:
1550:
1543:Tindale 1974
1538:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1458:
1436:Collins 1798
1416:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1285:
1280:, p. 7)
1278:Warren 2014b
1271:
1242:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1180:Tindale 1974
1177:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1020:Edward Jones
1017:
989:
980:(Manly Cove)
977:
971:in 1793 and
966:
961:
957:
950:
945:
917:
909:
861:
853:
847:
841:
836:Norongeragal
835:
823:
817:
805:
797:
785:
770:
763:
760:
750:
694:
683:
677:
671:
665:
647:
642:
641:Dharuk root
639:Port Jackson
634:
614:
605:
601:
594:
588:
578:
561:
551:
535:
531:
523:
517:
511:
506:
502:
500:warr-be-rong
499:
496:we-ree norar
495:
491:
488:
479:
475:
472:Port Jackson
466:
464:
459:
455:
451:
443:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
418:
410:
404:
402:
331:Translation
306:
283:
276:
250:
249:
229:
227:
216:Portrait of
151:Coordinates:
138:Sydney Basin
96:Pama–Nyungan
62:
52:
46:
42:
38:
25:
3872:Wemba Wemba
3834:Madhi Madhi
3824:Gamilaraay
3817:Dyirringany
3790:Bandjalang
3723:Cammeraygal
3613:Wemba-Wemba
3564:Yuwaalaraay
3466:Muthi Muthi
3235:Barranbinya
3130:peoples in
2590:094908300-3
2574:(1): 47–58.
2016:Barnes 2009
1963:Broome 2010
1951:Broome 2010
1939:Connor 2002
1840:Connor 2002
1828:Connor 2002
1816:Connor 2002
1591:Broome 2010
1555:Horton 1994
1507:Giacon 2020
1451:Hunter 1793
1438:, p. .
1262:peninsula (
1068:Patyegarang
953:First Fleet
869:Queenscliff
830:Castle Hill
777:North Shore
772:Cammeraygal
668:. (brother)
652:in Eora at
574:Patyegarang
448:Yuwaalaraay
437:djibagalung
314:First Fleet
220:, a senior
175: /
3993:Categories
3948:Queensland
3841:Nganywyana
3800:Darkinjung
3688:Kombumerri
3599:Wanjiwalku
3585:Wandandian
3438:Malyangapa
3410:Kula/Kurnu
3396:Karenggapa
3361:Himberrong
3319:Gandangara
3312:Gamilaraay
3298:Djiringanj
3277:Darkinyung
3263:Bundjalung
3128:Aboriginal
2826:: 210–211.
2780:6 December
2768:: 696–704.
2139:Smith 2011
2004:Smith 2009
1927:Foley 2007
1903:Foley 2007
1891:Smith 2009
1864:Smith 2009
1777:Smith 2009
1741:Smith 2009
1717:Dixon 1980
1705:Dixon 2011
1669:Foley 2007
1567:Kohen 1985
1361:Macey 2007
1322:Smith 2009
1248:South Head
1171:Wanuwangul
1150:Kameraigal
1099:Tom Foster
1058:Barangaroo
1054:Barangaroo
1042:where the
946:Tubowgulle
897:fruit bats
781:Manly Cove
717:Parramatta
678:Berewalgal
611:corroboree
441:barawalgal
380:Southwell
258:people of
202:Barangaroo
172:34°S 151°E
135:Bioregion:
106:Yuin–Kuric
3879:Wiradjuri
3862:Tharawal
3855:Ngunnawal
3848:Ngiyambaa
3809:(or Eora)
3737:Gorualgal
3692:Mununjali
3641:Wiradjuri
3634:Wilyakali
3536:Paaruntyi
3529:Paakantyi
3522:Ngunnawal
3515:Ngiyampaa
3480:Nari-Nari
3417:Kuringgai
3172:Kuringgai
3085:, at the
2973:143644513
2919:cite book
2878:CiteSeerX
2516:: 62–77.
2103:King 1986
2079:King 1986
2043:King 1986
1765:King 1986
1681:Troy 1992
1657:Troy 1992
1633:Troy 1992
1495:Troy 1994
1301:Citations
1292:King 1986
1252:Petersham
1133:Gouia-gul
1032:Bennelong
958:gai-galla
951:When the
933:Bennelong
873:Curl Curl
858:Lifestyle
842:Borogegal
731:were the
721:Kuringgai
709:Pittwater
413:Bennilong
328:Spelling
268:Australia
254:) are an
218:Bennelong
197:Bennelong
143:Location:
87:Hierarchy
3969:Victoria
3962:Tasmania
3907:See also
3893:Yugambeh
3783:Awabakal
3744:Jerrinja
3696:Tulgigin
3676:Yugambeh
3655:Wonnarua
3648:Wodiwodi
3571:Walbunja
3550:Tharawal
3543:Barindji
3459:Muruwari
3431:Kwiambal
3424:Kureinji
3382:Jukambal
3375:Jitajita
3326:Geawegal
3291:Djangadi
3249:Bigambul
3242:Bidjigal
3221:Awabakal
3079:Archived
3025:entries)
3023:Worldcat
2939:ABC News
2834:(1974).
2811:40387277
2708:24046821
2702:: 7–30.
2623:(2004).
2541:39026547
2522:24046048
2459:Springer
2360:(2011).
2332:(1980).
2311:28 March
2253:(1798).
2225:(2010).
1186:See also
1178:Source:
1160:Kem:arai
1088:Bidjigal
1084:Pemulwuy
1078:Arabanoo
940:present
929:Arabanoo
926:Guringai
905:kangaroo
875:and the
825:Bidjigal
737:Tharawal
733:Gwiyagal
697:mangrove
674:(father)
615:garabara
602:wamarang
593:woomera=
581:Tharawal
542:Language
429:wadyiman
383:E-ō-rǎh
347:Collins
310:ethnonym
303:Ethnonym
279:smallpox
177:-34; 151
3807:Dharug
3751:Ngambri
3730:Gadigal
3682:Clans:
3669:Yaygirr
3627:Wiyabal
3606:Weilwan
3578:Walgalu
3508:Ngarigo
3501:Ngarbal
3494:Ngambaa
3452:Milpulo
3445:Maraura
3389:Galibal
3354:Gweagal
3256:Birrbay
3214:Arakwal
2667:26 June
2160:Sources
1260:Balmain
1138:Gweagal
978:Kayemai
937:Colebee
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