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campaigns, such as PETA's, increase awareness of animal-welfare issues and reduce demand for real fur. Governments can also play a role in regulating the distribution and sale of farmed fur; the United States passed the Truth in Fur
Labeling Act (HR 2480) in 2010, ensuring that the source species is identified when a fur product is sold. This informs the consumer that the product involved the death of an animal. Celebrities and commercial entities with a financial interest in the industry, in contrast, popularize real fur. Products using real fur will continue to be desirable, causing fur farming to continue. Progressive countries with tighter controls on the fur-farming industry, however, will shift the demand to synthetic fur. Government regulation and public education may lessen the demand for farmed fur.
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hunger and thirst; freedom from discomfort; freedom from pain, injury and disease; freedom to express normal behavior, and freedom from fear and distress. In 2009, the
European Fur Breeders' Association launched its "WelFur" program to perform onsite assessments at fur farms to ensure that the five principles were being followed. Its goal is to ensure that animals are being treated humanely throughout their lives. However, animals experience distress due to confinement.
407:
24:
697:, another common animal used in fur farming, can have the tendency to chew their fur under situations of stress. A study found that the fur-chewing trait has a wide range of genetic variability, but happens most often when the animal is caged. Fur farmed animals are typically kept in cages, which can lead to this type of negative behavior.
712:
Faux-fur has its own limitations in the pursuit of being environmentally conscious. Fur farmers have been quick to point out that the production of faux-fur still relies of fossil fuels and harmful materials such as plastics in its production. Currently, technologies dubbed "bio-based fur" are being
583:
Manure produced by the animals can severely impact nearby ecosystems because of its high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. According to a 2003 study published by the Fur
Rancher Blue Book of Fur Farming States, about 1,000 tons of phosphorus are released into the environment annually by fur farming
518:
Fur from the wild (or from fur farms) is stripped from the animal, chemically preserved, and auctioned at a trading house. The fur then often undergoes further refining, and may be dyed for clothing purposes before being sold. Unique, differently-colored pelts may also be obtained by cross-breeding.
652:
Fur farming and the manufacture of fake fur both stress the environment. Fur farms use natural fur to create commercial fur products, and fake fur is obtained from other resources. Fur farms implement sustainable, efficient operating practices to mature minks, raccoons and foxes, using animal waste
584:
in the United States. Improperly-handled manure released into the surrounding environment damages water and soil, but properly-managed manure may be treated to reduce its nitrogen and phosphorus content. When manure is treated (possibly by drying), it may be used as farm fertilizer or digested in a
505:
Some conservationists say that fur farming could have a positive environmental impact, reducing the pressure of wild-animal population growth. According to fur-farming advocates, it relies on sustainable resources which can be recycled. Fur industrialists call their practices agriculturally "green"
673:
Animal biological function is impaired when normal behaviors are inhibited. Signs include increased morbidity, stunted growth, self-inflicted injuries, and abnormal behaviors. Five principles, known as the Five
Freedoms, are used to determine whether animal welfare is being respected: freedom from
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in an aquatic environment, which decreases available oxygen in the water. The use of fossil fuels in conjunction with manure-sourced energy to power a farm, food for the animals, and resources used to slaughter them and preserve their fur generally result in an uneven amount of gas and nitrogen
705:
Fur in clothing has a practical application in colder climates, where it keeps wearers warm. Although synthetic fur is less effective for keeping warm in extremely-cold climates, it can be a substitute in warmer climates (which would result in less need for products using real fur). Anti-fur
952:
Gregory, Braden R.B. and
Kissinger, Jennifer A. and Clarkson, Chloe and Kimpe, Linda E. and Eickmeyer, David C. and Kurek, Josh and Smol, John P. and Blais, Jules, “Are Fur Farms a Source of Persistent Organic Pollutants or Mercury to Nearby Freshwater Ecosystems?.” Available at SSRN:
691:(PETA) argues ethical concerns posed by the caging of animals in fur-farming operations as a reason to ban fur farming, noting that the animals are killed inhumanely (by electrocution, suffocation, gassing or poisoning) to ensure that their pelts are of good quality.
564:. Tanning and dressing also contribute to environmental pollution, with chemicals such as formaldehyde, chromium, ammonia, chlorine, ethylene glycol, sulfuric acid, and zinc applied to the pelt to inhibit decay of the fur. Formaldehyde and chromium are on the EPA
637:, particularly in regards to the toxic pollutant mercury. However, another study examining shallow lakes in Nova Scotia emphasized that these cases fluctuate depending on a variety of variables such as the distance of fur farms from the body of water.
519:
Cross- and inbreeding fur animals are common to obtain particular characteristics. On fur farms, animals are raised in cages indoors and outside; they are fed artificial feed until they are mature enough to kill with the forced inhalation of
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are bred in half-open or closed sheds with a female mink having an individual confinement pen. The mother gives birth once a year, typically in April or May, to five or six young. The young are bred, and are skinned in
November or December.
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The minimum cage size for a mink is 85 by 30 by 45 centimetres (33 by 12 by 18 in) – length by width by height – a total area of 2,550 square centimetres (2.74 sq ft). This size causes discomfort for the animal. In the
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González, Catalina, et al. “Determination of the
Genetic Component of Fur-Chewing in Chinchillas (Chinchilla Lanigera) and Its Economic Impact.” Animals (2076-2615), vol. 8, no. 9, Sept. 2018, p.144. EBSCOhost,
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J. Campbell, N. Libera, J. P. Smol & J. Kurek (2022) Historical impacts of mink fur farming on chironomid assemblages from shallow lakes in Nova Scotia, Canada, Lake and
Reservoir Management, 38:1, 80-94,
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known to cause cancer. These chemicals pose an overall threat to the health of workers on fur farms and consumers who wear the products; potential skin irritants, they have been identified by the
640:
To prevent fur from decaying, manufacturers use a number of chemicals. Fur dressing has been ranked as one of the world's five worst industries for toxic-metal pollution by the World Bank. The
644:(EPA) fined six fur-processing plants for causing high levels of pollution and using solvents in fur dressing which "may cause respiratory problems, and are listed as possible carcinogens".
661:. A 1979 University of Michigan study found that despite the environmental cost of fake fur, however, a farmed-fur coat requires 20 times more energy. The manufacture of fake fur requires
709:
In the past few years, the general public has begun embracing the use of more vegan products such as faux fur, in part due to the positive changes it can inflict on the environment.
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developed that aim to produce fur exclusively from natural sources and materials. This technology would eliminate many of the current environmental struggles that faux-fur faces.
918:
Back, Jaana; Turenen, Minna; Ferm, Ari; Huttunen, Satu (November 1997). "Needle
Structures Epiphytic Microflora of Scots Pine under Heavy Ammonia Deposition from Fur Farming".
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in the forest and reduced concentrations of nitrates; soil acidification has gradually changed the cellular structure of tree leaves. Increased ammonium may lead to nitrogen
510:, because they are enhancing a natural product instead of creating a new one; faux-fur fibers, produced with non-sustainable resources, have a negative environmental impact.
754:
1156:
Choi, Yeong-Hyeon, and Kyu-Hye Lee. “Ethical
Consumers’ Awareness of Vegan Materials: Focused on Fake Fur and Fake Leather.” Sustainability 13.1 (2021): 436. Available
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Pollution is released during the fur-cultivation process. When animal carcasses are incinerated, the released gases – which include carbon monoxide (CO),
665:(a finite resource), and the acrylic nature of fake fur requires a longer processing time than natural fur before it is ready for commercial use.
527:. A carcass is stripped of oils and fats (which are processed for commercial use) before it is frozen for transport to an incineration facility.
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is the process of breeding animals in captivity for the sake of harvesting their fur to be sold primarily for clothing purposes.
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494:. Up to 30 million mink furs are produced annually in North America and Europe. The production of pelts involves large-scale
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502:. Fur production reportedly impacts the environment negatively through the release of gases, chemicals and fossil fuels.
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which process poultry and manure. Energy used to create animal feed is partially used to create more energy, creating a
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787:"To Fur or Not to Fur: Sustainable Production and Consumption Within Animal-Based Luxury and Fashion Based Products"
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was directly affected by its proximity to fur farms in the area. Researchers found that the deposition of
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A recent study found that fur farms were a large contributor to organic pollutants in nearby freshwater
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926:. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: An International Journal of Environmental Pollution: 119–132.
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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operations provide about 80 percent of overall fur production. Common sources of fur include
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744:"Toxic Fur: The Impacts of Fur Production on the Environment and the Risks to Human Health"
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Due to the production level of fur farms, animals are disposed of at a high volume.
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568:(TRI) list, the American Apparel Restricted Substances List (AAFA-RSL), and the
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992:"Why the fur industry is cruel and bad for the environment – The Green Vegans"
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Mason, Georgia; Cooper, Johnathan; Clarebrough, Catherine (March 1, 2001).
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Bijleveld, Marijn; Korteland, Marisa; Sevenster, Maartje (January 2011).
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1089:"How to Stop a Chinchilla from Chewing Its Fur: 12 Steps"
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https://doiorg.moravian.idm.oclc.org/10.3390/ani8090144
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1020:"What Impact Has Activism Had on the Fur Industry?"
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889:"The Environmental Impact of Mink Fur Production"
829:(6824). International Journal of Science: 35–36.
784:Ramchandani, Mukta; Coste-Mainiere, Ivan (2017).
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498:and disposal of animal carcasses after they are
474:is no longer primarily obtained through animal
1176:"Could faux fur be worse than the real thing?"
1128:"H.R.2480 - Truth in Fur Labeling Act of 2010"
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642:United States Environmental Protection Agency
630:deposited into the surrounding environment.
574:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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689:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
570:California Proposition 65 list of chemicals
1051:Pickett, Heather; Harris, Stephen (2015).
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653:as additional fuel to power the farm and
64:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1126:Moran Jr., James (December 18, 2010).
1069:from the original on December 21, 2018
1053:"The Case Against Factory Fur Farming"
963:http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4026164
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819:"Frustrations of fur-farmed mink"
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324:Sustainability of vintage fashion
1062:. Fur Free Alliance. p. 8.
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506:compared with the production of
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998:from the original on 2019-05-06
217:Biodegradable athletic footwear
117:Environmental impact of fashion
920:Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
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272:Socially responsible investing
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980:10.1080/10402381.2021.2018631
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1231:Clothing and the environment
376:Environmental record of Nike
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242:Environmental impact design
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1134:. United States Congress.
566:Toxics Reporting Industry
1060:www.furfreealliance.com
932:10.1023/A:1018308008769
1211:Clothing controversies
659:positive feedback loop
262:Reconstructed clothing
252:Public interest design
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84:at a fur farm in China
44:by rewriting it in an
562:atmospheric pollution
531:Environmental Effects
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1174:Dazed (2020-02-06).
753:. January 29, 2009.
237:Environmental design
136:Ecological footprint
1024:Scientific American
621:) led to increased
166:Textile performance
1226:Cruelty to animals
1162:10.3390/su13010436
623:soil acidification
603:(Pinus sylvestris)
560:(HCl) – can cause
426:Environment portal
386:Laundry wastewater
334:Zero-waste fashion
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33:is written like a
751:humanesociety.org
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680:Netherlands
598:found that
596:Netherlands
578:carcinogens
480:Fur farming
467:Fur farming
307:Procurement
282:Advertising
277:Sustainable
189:Fur farming
102:environment
82:raccoon dog
1200:Categories
1185:2022-03-24
1098:2022-03-22
1034:2019-05-06
1002:2019-05-06
764:August 25,
717:References
635:ecosystems
600:Scots pine
576:(OSHA) as
514:Processing
297:Industries
125:Key issues
1216:Fur trade
1142:April 18,
1073:April 13,
940:101627874
861:April 13,
363:RiverBlue
312:Transport
146:Fur trade
54:June 2023
1136:Archived
1064:Archived
1028:Archived
996:Archived
903:March 1,
897:Archived
855:Archived
851:39542739
843:11242031
802:March 3,
796:Archived
755:Archived
607:ammonium
588:plant.
508:fake fur
476:trapping
329:Trashion
184:Cashmere
93:a series
91:Part of
959:4026164
556:), and
500:skinned
496:tanning
488:raccoon
346:Related
292:Fashion
194:Leather
178:By type
40:Please
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823:Nature
586:biogas
490:, and
302:Market
287:Design
80:Caged
1180:Dazed
1067:(PDF)
1056:(PDF)
936:S2CID
847:S2CID
758:(PDF)
747:(PDF)
684:minks
1144:2019
1075:2019
955:SSRN
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