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Spores will continue to travel through the environment until they come in contact with an insect where the organism will become infected, and the pathogen's life cycle will begin. Contact occurs through the ingestion of spores or interaction between the pathogen and the external body of the insect. This is indirect transmission as the pathogen is airborne, travelling through the air until it comes in contact with an organism. Fungi can also be transmitted directly through contact between insects, ultimately transferring spores from an infected insect to a non-infected insect.
667:-causing agents – from an infected individual to a group or to another individual. There are two modes of transmission that cause infection: direct or indirect contact with a pathogen. Direct transmission refers to a pathogen passing directly from organism to organism. This can be in the form of direct contact (skin to skin contact, kissing, sexual intercourse, etc.) or from droplet spread (coughing, sneezing, talking). Indirect transmission refers to a transfer of a pathogen through air particles, inanimate objects and animate intermediaries, more specifically
554:– a group of hyphae- is then able to grow within the brain, controlling the behavioural aspects of the fly. The infection of the fly's brain allows the pathogen to gain control over the fly's movements. The pathogen commonly forces the host to locate itself on a high point of a surface, straighten out its back legs and open its wings. This allows for the hyphae to maximise growth within the body of the host causing death. Once death has occurred, the pathogen then releases its spores out into the environment to allow for
743:
108:
25:
757:. All living organisms have an immune system and mechanisms in order to protect themselves from foreign pathogens and molecules that they come in contact with. As flies are a small and simple organism, they do not have such a complex immune system like humans, however they still are able to defend themselves to some extent against pathogens. Flies have only an
650:, creating genetically identical DNA to the parent cell. Once the DNA is replicated within the nucleus, the nucleus then divides. One copy of the nucleus moves into the bud, and the other nucleus remains in the parent cell. When the daughter cell (bud) reaches a certain size, it detaches from the parent cell via cytokinesis.
733:
and reproduce within the host's body until the pathogen reaches the last stage of its life cycle. This stage is where the insect dies, the pathogen remains within the host's body producing and releasing spores into the environment. Further allowing the transmission of the pathogen to other organisms,
641:
Fungal species are also able to reproduce asexually via budding. Budding refers to the process in which an offspring is formed from a parent cell. This occurs for
Entomophthora cells already within a host. When environmental conditions are favourable, a fungus cell develops a small growth on the
654:
refers to a process in which the cytoplasm within a cell splits, separating two cells. During budding cytokinesis occurs to separate the daughter cell from the parent cell. Once the daughter cell is detached from the parent cell, it will grow and mature into a large cell and will be able to develop
709:
reproductive spores through the environment. These spores are released out into the environment via the rupturing of a sporangium. Once the spores are released, their movement is dependent on environmental conditions, more specifically being blown through wind, passing through water streams, etc.
606:
Development of the fungus via spores is initiated through germination; this marks the beginning of fungal development. Spores will begin to develop filaments called hyphae; these are root like structures of the fungi as they branch out into the environment absorbing any available water and other
683:
can transfer pathogens through vehicles. As infectious agents can be included in food, water, blood, etc. these can be transported around via the vehicle, ultimately indirectly exposing different locations to pathogens. Animate intermediaries refer to vectors, these are organisms that carry the
594:
spores. Spores are micro-unicellular cells that are released and dispersed into the environment in a mass of numbers to increase the likelihood of further development and growth of the fungus. As spores are very small in size, they are easily moved via environmental conditions, that being wind,
424:
pathogen that is parasitic towards flies and other two-winged insects. When entered into a host's body, the fungal pathogen begins to invade the body cells and take control of the hosts, which in turn results in death. This relationship between a host and an organism is called parasitism. the
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and provides the daughter cell with this DNA. The daughter cell is then able to detach itself from the parent cell resulting in multiplication of the fungus. Spores are another mechanism that is utilised as a method of reproduction; the spores act like seeds in that they will flourish when
549:
of the cadaver, in which this stage causes death to the host. The pathogen has interrupted and overtaken the host's main vital mechanisms for survival, so the host's body is no longer able to function normally and defend itself against the pathogen or any other threats. The
537:
cuticle. The disturbance of blood flow, tissue and abdominal cuticle causes the pathogen to enter its last stage of its life cycle. In the host, the appearance of this stage is apparent due to abdominal swelling creating a striped pattern that remains even after death.
634:. The haploid nucleus within the sporangiophore fuses with the cytoplasm to create diploid nuclei (spores) – a nucleus with the normal number of chromosomes for a specific species. These spores then travel through the sporangiophore where they reach the
642:
cell body, this is referred to as the bud. The bud will enlarge over time, utilising the nutrients from the parent cell, which in turn ultimately causes growth. The parent cell replicates its DNA through the process of
796:
products are released into the capsule in order to kill the invading fungus. However, if the fungal pathogen is able to withstand this stress, it has the ability to continue its life cycle, causing death to the host.
598:
638:. The sporangium is the structure within the fungi that is reliant on storing spores. The rupturing of the sporangium releases a large mass of spores into the environment, this enable the fungi to reproduce rapidly.
779:
interact with foreign molecules. The recognition of a pathogen within the body triggers the immune response to occur within the area of the infected site. Hemocytes are cells within the immune system of
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297:
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is a fungal pathogenic disease. In order for this species to infect other organisms the pathogen must come in contact with the insect's body. Fungal transmission occurs through the movement of
510:
and utilise pressure to penetrate through a number of cuticle layers of the host. This allows for the spread of the pathogen throughout the whole body of the host, infecting the insects
558:
and reproduction once again. The position in which the fly remains ensures that the release of spores is dispersed as widely as possible to ensure transmission to another insect.
506:; this is the period of time between the insect's first exposure to the pathogen and the occurrence of the first symptom. Within this period the internal hyphae combine digestive
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1409:
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of the fungus. The sporangiophore is an elongated structure that provides support to the body of the fungus and creates spores. This is done through a process in which the
381:– root like filaments. These hyphae then develop into the body of the fungus where the spores can be created once again and released into the environment to ensure further
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488:, which act like the roots of the fungi as they grow and branch out within the body of the host, ultimately initiating the spread of the pathogen throughout the insect.
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788:. These cells travel to the infected site when the immune response is triggered and begin to form a barrier like structure around the foreign parasite. Lamellocytes –
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and development throughout the body, causing harm and soon death to the host. The stages this pathogen undergoes to impact the host and cause harm are referred to its
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resulting in the beginning on the life cycle. The insect however has immune responses that fight against these parasites in order to defend themselves from infection.
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water, or even on an animal's fur. These spores will find favourable conditions and successfully flourish, develop and grow into the structure and body of the fungi.
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761:, this means having a defence mechanism that is not specific to any pathogen that enters the body. Within a fly immune system, there are a number of
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529:, this is done through the formation of spores from vegetative cells and budding. These spores are then released within the insect and infect the
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nutrients required for survival. Groups of hyphae will interconnect, forming the main fungal body, the mycelium. The fungi will soon develop a
433:(host) and causes harm or even death to the host. Entomophthora outbreaks commonly occur in temperate regions often during spring and autumn.
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3487:
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response that are able to detect the entry of a pathogen and initiate the immune response to kill the foreign particles within the insect.
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819:
Living organisms are categorised within groups of similar species, this process is determined by scientists and is called biological
722:; however, the transmission occurs through direct transmission between flies and attempts to artificially culture the fungus failed.
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251:
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system refers to the organs and tissues that are utilised within the body in order to provide resistance and protection against
392:, when spores come in contact with the insect either through consumption or direct contact, the pathogen is able to infect the
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refers to the process in which an organism grows from a spore. Here, the conidia present within the body begins to produce
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are the cause infection of a host, this usually occurs in cool and humid conditions commonly in areas where flies rest.
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transmission. Airborne transmission occurs when pathogens are carried via dust or droplet nuclei suspended in the air.
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2681:
Gryganskyi, Andrii; Mullens, Bradley; Gajdeczka, Michael; Rehner, Stephen; Vilgalys, Rytas; Hajek, Ann (2017-05-04).
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79:
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This initiates the third stage of the life cycle: sporulation. Within this stage, the fungal pathogen begins to
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3332:
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to ultimately maximise infection of the
Entomophthora disease throughout the two-winged insect population.
107:
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Entomophthora is a parasitic disease, when entered into the body, the immune response is initiated when
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491:
331:
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368:. When in the host's body, the pathogen utilises budding as a form of growth. This is done through a
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invades the host's body cells, utilising the insect's nutrients allowing it to take control over the
37:
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468:. These micro-organisms are foreign to the body. Within this stage, the host come in contact with a
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2821:
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555:
450:
94:
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3221:
792:– bind to the pathogen and create many cell layers until a capsule is formed around the fungus.
341:
This fungus is parasitic and undergoes a number of stages within its life cycle, these include:
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1795:
1549:
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are able to absorb water and nutrients from the host's body, ensuring the pathogen's survival.
372:
cell developing a bud (daughter cell) on the parent cell. The parent cell then replicates its
3668:
726:
672:
454:
3658:
3364:
3333:"Biological classification - Entomologists' glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES)"
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and can infect individuals with malaria, however the mosquito itself does not have malaria.
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3115:
1219:
879:. Entomophthora then falls under more precise groups, more specifically subphylum group of
758:
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357:
149:
88:
646:– a process in which DNA undergoes a number of steps to formulate a copy of itself during
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reproduction. Asexual reproduction involves one parent, producing a genetically identical
8:
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139:
899:. The genus group is then divided into the species where there are a number of types of
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219:
102:
46:
42:
3135:"Comparative Analysis of Cytokinesis in Budding Yeast, Fission Yeast and Animal Cells"
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3201:
3164:
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931:
also means 'cut up into sections' which also describes the segments seen in insects.
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680:
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different offspring. Fungi type organisms reproduce asexually through the release of
503:
319:
169:
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3146:
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940:
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676:
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159:
3518:
2923:"Entomophthora muscae (=Entomophthora schizophorae) Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales"
853:
is within the Fungi kingdom. The Fungi kingdom is then divided into five groups –
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1554:
855:
742:
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335:
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Once an insect is infected with the
Entomophthora pathogen, it soon begins its
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210:
3151:
3134:
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they are able to use in order to defend themselves against foreign pathogens.
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The first stage of the life cycle is infection, referring to the invasion of
388:
Similarly, spores are utilised as a method of transmission of this parasitic
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3168:
2718:
2193:
793:
781:
719:
619:
578:, to the parent cell, whereas sexual reproduction involves the meeting and
526:
449:
pathogen. Once the insect has been infected, the fungal disease begins its
382:
195:
24:
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3472:
730:
651:
481:
3570:
3092:"Sporangium: Definition & Function - Video & Lesson Transcript"
863:
859:
729:. If successful the pathogen will invade the bodily cells of the host,
635:
623:
566:
Reproduction refers to the process in which an offspring is formed via
323:
480:. When the conidia is within the host's body, it begins to germinate.
3583:
3539:
3133:
Balasubramanian, Mohan K.; Bi, Erfei; Glotzer, Michael (2004-09-21).
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754:
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345:, incubation, sporulation and mummification. Within each stage, this
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119:
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1234:(Aruta, Carrillo & Monteal.) O. Martínez & E. Valenz. (2003)
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2683:"Hijacked: Co-option of host behavior by entomophthoralean fungi"
1605:
J.F. Anderson & Ringo ex J.F. Anderson & Anagnost. (1980)
964:(Lavrov & N.V. Smirnova) D.M. MacLeod & Müll.-Kög. (1970)
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2927:
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL A Guide to
Natural Enemies of North America
2929:. Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
1174:(Jacz. & P.A. Jacz.) D.M. MacLeod & Müll.-Kög. (1970)
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pathogen but are not infected by the pathogen, for example a
511:
485:
473:
434:
378:
365:
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environmental conditions are appropriate and begin to grow
445:
Infection occurs when an insect comes in contact with the
3068:"Diploid vs Haploid - Difference and Comparison | Diffen"
430:
373:
3132:
1475:
3289:"Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Insect Immunity"
3222:"Principles of Epidemiology | Lesson 1 - Section 10"
2635:
Fresenius, G. 1856. Botanische
Zeitung 14, 882-883.
663:Transmission refers to the transfer of pathogens –
3386:"Classifications of Fungi | Biology for Majors II"
1364:S. Keller, Niell & Santam. ex S. Keller (2004)
3683:
2498:(J. Weiser) D.M. MacLeod & Müll.-Kög. (1973)
1324:(J. Weiser) D.M. MacLeod & Müll.-Kög. (1970)
1164:(G. Lakon) D.M. MacLeod & Müll.-Kög. (1970)
974:(G. Lakon) D.M. MacLeod & Müll.-Kög. (1973)
502:The next stage of the pathogen's life cycle is
2103:(Zaprom.) D.M. MacLeod & Müll.-Kög. (1970)
823:. Within the six kingdoms of classification –
2131:(Thaxt.) D.M. MacLeod & Müll.-Kög. (1973)
1904:(Viégas) D.M. MacLeod & Müll.-Kög. (1973)
1703:D.M. MacLeod, Tyrrell & R.S. Soper (1979)
2749:
2160:(Zimm.) D.M. MacLeod & Müll.-Kög. (1973)
714:has been looked into by humans as a form of
3407:
3405:
3206:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2631:
2629:
2627:
1214:Villac. & S. Keller ex S. Keller (2004)
407:
2916:
2914:
1084:(J. Weiser & A. Batko) A. Batko (1966)
875:– this pathogen falls under the phylum of
78:
3150:
2708:
2698:
630:– is encased in an outer membrane with a
3402:
2734:
2624:
804:
741:
694:
597:
490:
3286:
3004:
2974:"2.36: Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction"
2911:
2752:"Secrets of a 'Zombie' Fungus Revealed"
1444:Samson, Ramakers & T. Oswald (1979)
903:that range in genetic characteristics.
472:– a type of reproductive spore through
336:Johann Baptist Georg Wolfgang Fresenius
3684:
3181:
495:Death of a fly due to the invasion of
3439:
3438:
3282:
3280:
3271:"Introduction to Immunology Tutorial"
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2795:
2774:New England Complex Systems Institute
2652:. Species Fungorum. CAB International
425:parasite lives off or within another
3646:67d4e3ff-67f0-48a5-81dd-ccb0a22c8e1e
2791:
2789:
2730:
2728:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2587:(Thaxt.) Sacc. & Traverso (1910)
2558:(Thaxt.) Sacc. & Traverso (1891)
2442:(Thaxt.) Sacc. & Traverso (1910)
2402:(Thaxt.) Sacc. & Traverso (1888)
2317:(Thaxt.) Sacc. & Traverso (1910)
2289:(Thaxt.) Sacc. & Traverso (1891)
2217:(Thaxt.) Sacc. & Traverso (1891)
2146:(Thaxt.) Sacc. & Traverso (1891)
2032:(Thaxt.) Sacc. & Traverso (1891)
1990:(Thaxt.) Sacc. & Traverso (1891)
1918:(Thaxt.) Sacc. & Traverso (1891)
1890:(Thaxt.) Sacc. & Traverso (1891)
1517:(Thaxt.) Sacc. & Traverso (1910)
622:– a nucleus with half the number of
18:
2331:D.M. MacLeod & K.P. Carl (1976)
13:
3277:
2991:
2920:
2456:J.F. Anderson & Magnar. (1979)
1354:(Bres. & Staritz) Bubák (1906)
927:which means 'destroyer'. The word
737:
602:The process of Fungal Reproduction
328:flies and other two-winged insects
14:
3713:
2895:"Definition of Incubation period"
2786:
2750:Neuroskeptic (20 November 2019).
2725:
2663:
1820:D.M. MacLeod & Tyrrell (1979)
1675:S.K. Bose & P.R. Mehta (1953)
1470:
1104:D.M. MacLeod & Tyrrell (1973)
800:
655:its own bud and hence reproduce.
2601:I.M. Hall & P.H. Dunn (1957)
2274:I.M. Hall & P.H. Dunn (1957)
2074:I.M. Hall & P.H. Dunn (1957)
1154:S. Keller & Ben Ze'ev (1985)
1124:I.M. Hall & P.H. Dunn (1957)
106:
23:
3378:
3349:
3325:
3263:
3239:
3214:
3175:
3126:
3108:
3084:
3060:
3036:
3013:
2966:
2941:
2887:
2862:
2798:"Species: Entomophthora muscae"
1633:(E. Reichardt) G. Winter (1876)
915:is derived from 2 words in the
658:
561:
3287:Rosales, Carlos (2017-04-12).
2838:
2814:
2762:
2743:
2514:I.M. Hall & J. Bell (1963)
1384:S. Keller & Wilding (1988)
1024:O.F. Burger & Swain (1918)
984:S. Keller & Wilding (1985)
412:
353:just before the host's death.
92:infesting the yellow dung fly
1:
3413:"Entomophthora - Search Page"
3293:Insect Physiology and Ecology
2617:
440:
3007:Biology: an Australian Focus
2796:Australia, Atlas of Living.
2737:Biology in Focus: HSC Course
2700:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006274
2416:Sorokīn ex J. Schröt. (1886)
1791:(Costantin) Kevorkian (1937)
1502:Tsints. & Vartap. (1976)
1254:Villac. & Wilding (1994)
1250:Entomophthora philippinensis
1184:Ben Ze'ev & Zelig (1984)
960:Entomophthora bereshkovaeana
586:cells in order to produce a
322:. Species in this genus are
7:
2606:Neoconidiobolus thromboides
1946:J. Weiser & Muma (1966)
1661:G. Lakon ex G. Zimm. (1978)
1410:Entomophthora sphaerosperma
1050:Entomophthora coleopterorum
980:Entomophthora brevinucleata
906:
36:to comply with Knowledge's
10:
3718:
3247:"Spore Dispersal in Fungi"
2189:(Thaxt.) M.A. Gust. (1965)
1975:(Nowak.) M.A. Gust. (1965)
1591:(Thaxt.) M.A. Gust. (1965)
1380:Entomophthora schizophorae
1270:Entomophthora planchoniana
1020:Entomophthora chromaphidis
934:
3447:
3390:courses.lumenlearning.com
3152:10.1016/j.cub.2004.09.022
3116:"What is DNA replication"
2822:"Definition of Infection"
2770:"Parasitic Relationships"
2577:Neoconidiobolus vermicola
1937:Zoophthora elateridiphaga
1717:(Thaxt.) S. Keller (1979)
1464:G. Lakon ex Samson (1979)
1450:Entomophthora trinucleata
1330:Entomophthora pyralidarum
1300:Entomophthora pseudococci
1240:Entomophthora pelliculosa
1230:Entomophthora oehrensiana
1180:Entomophthora israelensis
1170:Entomophthora inexpectata
1130:Entomophthora ferdinandii
1114:(Dustan) I.M. Hall (1959)
1074:(A. Braun) Fresen. (1858)
1010:Entomophthora calliphorae
950:Entomophthora arrenoctona
400:are the cells within the
356:Entomophthora reproduces
225:
218:
201:
194:
103:Scientific classification
101:
86:
77:
70:
3009:. McGraw-Hill Education.
2475:Entomophaga tenthredinis
2420:Entomophthora schroeteri
1768:Entomophaga conglomerata
1736:Conidiobolus carpentieri
1390:Entomophthora schroeteri
1370:Entomophthora scatophaga
1340:Entomophthora reticulata
1260:Entomophthora phryganeae
1210:Entomophthora leyteensis
1090:Entomophthora dissolvens
533:areas within the host's
408:Physical characteristics
49:may contain suggestions.
34:may need to be rewritten
2850:Encyclopædia Britannica
2484:Gres & Koval (1982)
2294:Zoophthora occidentalis
2151:Eryniopsis lampyridarum
2136:Neozygites lageniformis
1484:(Petch) Krejzová (1976)
1440:Entomophthora thripidum
1420:Entomophthora staritzii
1360:Entomophthora rivularis
1320:Entomophthora pustulata
1200:Entomophthora lauxaniae
1194:(Cohn) G. Winter (1880)
1160:Entomophthora hylemyiae
1150:Entomophthora helvetica
1120:Entomophthora exitialis
1080:Entomophthora destruens
718:against flies that are
95:Scathophaga stercoraria
2461:Entomophaga tabanivora
2433:Entomophaga saccharina
2336:Neozygites parvisporus
1995:Zoophthora geometralis
1796:Conidiobolus coronatus
1722:Eryniopsis caroliniana
1582:Zoophthora aphrophorae
1550:Metarhizium anisopliae
1350:Entomophthora richteri
1310:Entomophthora punctata
1290:Entomophthora pooreana
1060:Entomophthora colorata
1030:Entomophthora cimbicis
1000:Entomophthora byfordii
816:
746:
699:
603:
541:The last stage of the
499:
3048:TheFreeDictionary.com
2949:"Hyphae vs. Mycelium"
2572:J.S. McCulloch (1977)
2548:Neozygites turbinatus
2519:Conidiobolus obscurus
2503:Neozygites tetranychi
2388:(Bref.) Nowak. (1877)
2279:Conidiobolus obscurus
2208:Tarichium megaspermum
2180:Eryniopsis longispora
2117:J.A. Hutchison (1962)
2079:Conidiobolus obscurus
1966:Zoophthora forficulae
1951:Neozygites floridanus
1853:Tarichium cyrtoneurae
1708:Zoophthora canadensis
1694:Entomophaga calopteni
1624:Tarichium atrospermum
1489:Apterivorax acaricida
1400:Entomophthora simulii
1280:Entomophthora plusiae
1224:(Cohn) Fresen. (1856)
1140:Entomophthora grandis
1100:Entomophthora egressa
1070:Entomophthora culicis
990:Entomophthora bullata
923:meaning 'insect' and
882:Entomophthoromycotina
808:
745:
698:
601:
494:
338:(1808–1866) in 1856.
2365:Zoophthora phytonomi
2351:Pandora phalangicida
1507:Neozygites adjaricus
1460:Entomophthora weberi
1430:Entomophthora syrphi
1424:(Bres.) Bubák (1916)
1220:Entomophthora muscae
1110:Entomophthora erupta
1040:Entomophthora cleoni
970:Entomophthora blissi
334:by German physician
204:Entomophthora muscae
150:Entomophthoromycetes
89:Entomophthora muscae
3417:speciesfungorum.org
3182:Foundation, CK-12.
3025:The Free Dictionary
2543:R.G. Kenneth (1977)
2534:Entomophaga tipulae
2447:Erynia sepulchralis
2393:Zoophthora radicans
2264:Neozygites fresenii
2203:(Cohn) Sacc. (1888)
2122:Entomophaga kansana
2094:Tarichium jaapianum
1980:Neozygites fresenii
1923:Pandora echinospora
1895:Pandora dipterigena
1754:Massospora cicadina
1749:(Peck) Bubák (1916)
1638:Entomophaga aulicae
1190:Entomophthora jassi
1044:(Wize) Bubák (1916)
429:, in this case the
140:Entomophthoromycota
3419:. Species Fungorum
3357:"The Six Kingdoms"
2978:Biology LibreTexts
2953:Biology Dictionary
2874:Biology Dictionary
2846:"Conidium | spore"
2489:Pandora terrestris
2379:Zoophthora porteri
2165:Neozygites lecanii
2051:Entomophaga grylli
2023:Pandora gloeospora
1825:Furia gastropachae
1652:Entomophaga batkoi
1568:Zoophthora aphidis
1536:Zoophthora anglica
911:The genus name of
817:
747:
716:biological control
700:
604:
500:
3692:Zygomycota genera
3679:
3678:
3654:Open Tree of Life
3441:Taxon identifiers
3310:978-953-51-3033-8
3251:botany.hawaii.edu
3145:(18): R806–R818.
3044:"haploid nucleus"
2756:Discover Magazine
2735:Chidrawi (2018).
2563:Erynia variabilis
2407:Erynia rhizospora
2374:R.S. Soper (1974)
2259:M.A. Gust. (1969)
2236:Pandora muscivora
2231:J. Schröt. (1886)
2108:Erynia jaczewskii
1929:E. elateridiphaga
1881:Erynia delpiniana
1867:Pandora delphacis
1839:Erynia curvispora
1680:Pandora brahminae
895:, then the genus
893:Entomophthoraceae
784:found within the
681:Inanimate objects
320:Entomophthoraceae
307:
306:
301:
289:
281:
270:
255:
244:
233:
190:
170:Entomophthoraceae
64:
63:
38:quality standards
3709:
3697:Entomophthorales
3672:
3671:
3662:
3661:
3649:
3648:
3639:
3638:
3626:
3625:
3623:NHMSYS0001481705
3613:
3612:
3600:
3599:
3587:
3586:
3574:
3573:
3561:
3560:
3548:
3547:
3535:
3534:
3522:
3521:
3509:
3508:
3496:
3495:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3436:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3409:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3363:. Archived from
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3205:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3154:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3021:"sporangiophore"
3017:
3011:
3010:
3005:Ladiges (2014).
3002:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2918:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2712:
2702:
2678:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2602:
2588:
2573:
2559:
2544:
2530:
2515:
2499:
2485:
2471:
2457:
2443:
2429:
2417:
2403:
2389:
2375:
2361:
2347:
2332:
2322:Batkoa papillata
2318:
2304:
2290:
2275:
2260:
2246:
2232:
2218:
2204:
2190:
2176:
2161:
2147:
2132:
2118:
2104:
2090:
2075:
2061:
2047:
2033:
2019:
2005:
2004:S. Keller (1979)
1991:
1976:
1962:
1947:
1933:
1919:
1905:
1891:
1877:
1863:
1849:
1835:
1821:
1811:Furia creatonoti
1807:
1792:
1778:
1764:
1750:
1732:
1718:
1704:
1690:
1676:
1666:Pandora blunckii
1662:
1648:
1634:
1620:
1606:
1596:Batkoa apiculata
1592:
1578:
1564:
1563:H. Hoffm. (1858)
1546:
1532:
1518:
1503:
1485:
1465:
1455:
1454:S. Keller (1988)
1445:
1435:
1425:
1415:
1405:
1404:S. Keller (2004)
1395:
1385:
1375:
1365:
1355:
1345:
1335:
1325:
1315:
1305:
1295:
1285:
1275:
1265:
1255:
1245:
1235:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1165:
1155:
1145:
1144:S. Keller (2002)
1135:
1134:S. Keller (2004)
1125:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1045:
1035:
1025:
1015:
1005:
1004:S. Keller (2004)
995:
985:
975:
965:
955:
941:Species Fungorum
891:, the family of
888:Entomophthorales
570:reproduction or
330:. The genus was
295:
287:
276:
265:
250:
239:
231:
213:) Fresen. (1856)
185:
160:Entomophthorales
111:
110:
82:
68:
67:
59:
56:
50:
27:
19:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3702:Parasitic fungi
3682:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3667:
3665:
3657:
3652:
3644:
3642:
3634:
3629:
3621:
3616:
3608:
3603:
3595:
3590:
3582:
3577:
3569:
3564:
3556:
3551:
3543:
3538:
3530:
3525:
3517:
3512:
3504:
3499:
3491:
3486:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3443:
3433:
3432:
3422:
3420:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3394:
3392:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3370:
3368:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3341:
3339:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3311:
3285:
3278:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3255:
3253:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3231:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3199:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3180:
3176:
3139:Current Biology
3131:
3127:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3100:
3098:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3076:
3074:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3052:
3050:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3029:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3003:
2992:
2983:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2958:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2919:
2912:
2903:
2901:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2879:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2854:
2852:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2830:
2828:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2806:
2804:
2794:
2787:
2778:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2748:
2744:
2733:
2726:
2693:(5): e1006274.
2679:
2664:
2655:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2600:
2592:Furia virescens
2586:
2580:, Ancylistaceae
2571:
2557:
2551:, Neozygitaceae
2542:
2528:
2522:, Ancylistaceae
2513:
2507:, Neozygitaceae
2497:
2483:
2469:
2467:E. tenthredinis
2455:
2441:
2439:E. sepulchralis
2427:
2415:
2401:
2387:
2373:
2359:
2345:
2343:E. phalangicida
2339:, Neozygitaceae
2330:
2316:
2308:Erynia ovispora
2302:
2288:
2286:E. occidentalis
2282:, Ancylistaceae
2273:
2267:, Neozygitaceae
2258:
2244:
2230:
2216:
2202:
2188:
2174:
2168:, Neozygitaceae
2159:
2145:
2143:E. lampyridarum
2139:, Neozygitaceae
2130:
2128:E. lageniformis
2116:
2102:
2088:
2082:, Ancylistaceae
2073:
2060:Molliard (1918)
2059:
2045:
2037:Erynia gracilis
2031:
2017:
2009:Batkoa gigantea
2003:
1989:
1974:
1960:
1954:, Neozygitaceae
1945:
1931:
1917:
1909:Batkoa dysderci
1903:
1889:
1875:
1861:
1847:
1833:
1819:
1806:D.F. Yen (1962)
1805:
1799:, Ancylistaceae
1790:
1776:
1762:
1760:E. conglomerata
1748:
1730:
1716:
1702:
1688:
1674:
1660:
1646:
1632:
1618:
1610:Erynia aquatica
1604:
1590:
1576:
1562:
1555:Clavicipitaceae
1545:Metschn. (1879)
1544:
1530:
1522:Furia americana
1516:
1510:, Neozygitaceae
1501:
1483:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1453:
1443:
1433:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1383:
1373:
1363:
1353:
1343:
1333:
1323:
1313:
1303:
1294:A.L. Sm. (1900)
1293:
1283:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1123:
1113:
1103:
1094:Vosseler (1902)
1093:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1043:
1033:
1023:
1013:
1003:
993:
983:
973:
963:
953:
939:As accepted by
937:
909:
856:Chytridiomycota
803:
759:innate immunity
740:
738:Insect immunity
661:
644:DNA replication
611:, the stalk or
564:
462:micro-organisms
443:
415:
410:
214:
207:
184:
105:
60:
54:
51:
41:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3715:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3663:
3650:
3640:
3627:
3614:
3601:
3588:
3575:
3562:
3549:
3536:
3523:
3510:
3497:
3484:
3469:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3431:
3430:
3401:
3377:
3348:
3324:
3309:
3276:
3262:
3238:
3213:
3174:
3125:
3107:
3083:
3059:
3035:
3012:
2990:
2965:
2940:
2921:Watson, D. W.
2910:
2886:
2861:
2837:
2813:
2802:bie.ala.org.au
2785:
2761:
2742:
2724:
2687:PLOS Pathogens
2662:
2637:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2595:
2581:
2566:
2552:
2537:
2529:Fresen. (1858)
2523:
2511:E. thaxteriana
2508:
2492:
2478:
2470:Fresen. (1858)
2464:
2450:
2436:
2422:
2410:
2396:
2382:
2368:
2354:
2346:Lagerh. (1898)
2340:
2325:
2311:
2297:
2283:
2268:
2253:
2250:Erynia nebriae
2239:
2225:
2211:
2197:
2183:
2169:
2154:
2140:
2125:
2111:
2097:
2083:
2068:
2065:Erynia henrici
2054:
2046:Fresen. (1856)
2040:
2026:
2012:
1998:
1987:E. geometralis
1984:
1969:
1955:
1940:
1926:
1915:E. echinospora
1912:
1898:
1887:E. dipterigena
1884:
1870:
1856:
1845:E. cyrtoneurae
1842:
1828:
1814:
1800:
1785:
1771:
1763:Sorokīn (1877)
1757:
1743:
1728:E. carpentieri
1725:
1714:E. caroliniana
1711:
1697:
1683:
1669:
1655:
1641:
1627:
1613:
1599:
1585:
1574:E. aphrophorae
1571:
1557:
1539:
1525:
1511:
1496:
1477:
1472:
1471:Former species
1469:
1467:
1466:
1456:
1446:
1436:
1426:
1416:
1414:Fresen. (1856)
1406:
1396:
1386:
1376:
1366:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1326:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1286:
1276:
1266:
1264:Sorokīn (1881)
1256:
1246:
1244:Sorokīn (1881)
1236:
1226:
1216:
1206:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1146:
1136:
1126:
1116:
1106:
1096:
1086:
1076:
1066:
1064:Sorokīn (1881)
1056:
1046:
1036:
1026:
1016:
1006:
996:
986:
976:
966:
956:
945:
936:
933:
908:
905:
872:Glomeromycotan
834:archaebacteria
821:classification
802:
801:Classification
799:
790:effector cells
739:
736:
660:
657:
609:sporangiophore
563:
560:
545:life cycle is
442:
439:
414:
411:
409:
406:
385:occurs again.
318:in the family
305:
304:
303:
302:
290:
288:Krenner (1961)
282:
271:
256:
245:
234:
223:
222:
216:
215:
208:
199:
198:
192:
191:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
99:
98:
84:
83:
75:
74:
62:
61:
31:
29:
22:
16:Genus of fungi
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3714:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3670:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3479:Entomophthora
3474:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3449:Entomophthora
3446:
3442:
3437:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3367:on 2021-05-10
3366:
3362:
3358:
3352:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3302:
3301:10.5772/67107
3298:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3281:
3272:
3266:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3209:
3203:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3129:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3008:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2915:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2875:
2871:
2870:"Germination"
2865:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2790:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2746:
2738:
2731:
2729:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2651:
2649:
2648:Entomophthora
2641:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2623:
2612:
2611:Ancylistaceae
2608:
2607:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2556:
2555:E. variabilis
2553:
2550:
2549:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2496:
2495:E. tetranychi
2493:
2491:
2490:
2482:
2481:E. terrestris
2479:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2454:
2453:E. tabanivora
2451:
2449:
2448:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2426:
2425:E. saccharina
2423:
2421:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2399:E. rhizospora
2397:
2395:
2394:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2360:Arthur (1887)
2358:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2329:
2328:E. parvispora
2326:
2324:
2323:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2303:Nowak. (1877)
2301:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2245:Raunk. (1893)
2243:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2222:Furia montana
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2200:E. megasperma
2198:
2196:
2195:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2175:Bałazy (1982)
2173:
2172:E. longispora
2170:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2100:E. jaczewskii
2098:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2018:Vuill. (1886)
2016:
2015:E. gloeospora
2013:
2011:
2010:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1988:
1985:
1983:Neozygitaceae
1982:
1981:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1959:
1958:E. forficulae
1956:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1932:Turian (1978)
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1876:Cavara (1899)
1874:
1873:E. delpiniana
1871:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1834:Nowak. (1877)
1832:
1831:E. curvispora
1829:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1804:
1803:E. creatonoti
1801:
1798:
1797:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1782:Erynia conica
1777:Nowak. (1883)
1775:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1741:Ancylistaceae
1738:
1737:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1700:E. canadensis
1698:
1696:
1695:
1689:Bessey (1883)
1687:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1647:Bałazy (1978)
1645:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1617:
1616:E. atrosperma
1614:
1612:
1611:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1577:Rostr. (1896)
1575:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1542:E. anisopliae
1540:
1538:
1537:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1494:Neozygitaceae
1491:
1490:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1394:Brumpt (1940)
1392:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1304:Speare (1912)
1302:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1001:
997:
994:Thaxt. (1935)
992:
991:
987:
982:
981:
977:
972:
971:
967:
962:
961:
957:
952:
951:
947:
946:
944:
942:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
913:Entomophthora
904:
902:
901:Entomophthora
898:
897:Entomophthora
894:
890:
889:
884:
883:
878:
874:
873:
869:
868:Basidiomycota
865:
861:
857:
852:
851:Entomophthora
848:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
815:
811:
810:Entomophthora
807:
798:
795:
791:
787:
783:
782:invertebrates
778:
775:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
744:
735:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
712:Entomophthora
708:
704:
703:Entomophthora
697:
693:
691:
687:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
656:
653:
649:
648:cell division
645:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
618:
614:
610:
600:
596:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:fertilisation
577:
573:
569:
559:
557:
553:
548:
547:mummification
544:
543:Entomophthora
539:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
518:. The fungal
517:
513:
509:
505:
498:
497:Entomophthora
493:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
456:
452:
448:
447:Entomophthora
438:
436:
432:
428:
423:
420:is a type of
419:
418:Entomophthora
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
375:
371:
367:
363:
360:through both
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
332:circumscribed
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:
311:Entomophthora
299:
294:
293:Triplosporium
291:
286:
285:Entomophthora
283:
279:
275:
272:
268:
264:
263:Triplosporium
260:
257:
253:
249:
246:
242:
238:
235:
230:
227:
226:
224:
221:
217:
212:
206:
205:
200:
197:
193:
188:
183:
182:
181:Entomophthora
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
109:
104:
100:
97:
96:
91:
90:
85:
81:
76:
73:
72:Entomophthora
69:
66:
58:
48:
44:
39:
35:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3448:
3421:. Retrieved
3416:
3393:. Retrieved
3389:
3380:
3369:. Retrieved
3365:the original
3360:
3351:
3340:. Retrieved
3337:amentsoc.org
3336:
3327:
3292:
3265:
3254:. Retrieved
3250:
3241:
3230:. Retrieved
3228:. 2019-02-18
3225:
3216:
3191:. Retrieved
3187:
3177:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3119:
3110:
3099:. Retrieved
3095:
3086:
3075:. Retrieved
3071:
3062:
3051:. Retrieved
3047:
3038:
3028:, retrieved
3024:
3015:
3006:
2982:. Retrieved
2980:. 2016-09-21
2977:
2968:
2957:. Retrieved
2955:. 2018-04-22
2952:
2943:
2931:. Retrieved
2926:
2902:. Retrieved
2898:
2889:
2878:. Retrieved
2876:. 2018-02-11
2873:
2864:
2853:. Retrieved
2849:
2840:
2829:. Retrieved
2825:
2816:
2805:. Retrieved
2801:
2777:. Retrieved
2773:
2764:
2755:
2745:
2736:
2690:
2686:
2654:. Retrieved
2647:
2640:
2604:
2598:E. virulenta
2597:
2590:
2584:E. virescens
2583:
2575:
2569:E. vermicola
2568:
2561:
2554:
2546:
2540:E. turbinata
2539:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2510:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2428:Giard (1888)
2424:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2357:E. phytonomi
2356:
2349:
2342:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2314:E. papillata
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2277:
2270:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2228:E. muscivora
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2194:Batkoa major
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2089:Bubák (1916)
2085:
2077:
2071:E. ignobilis
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1961:Giard (1889)
1957:
1949:
1943:E. floridana
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1859:E. delphacis
1858:
1851:
1848:Giard (1888)
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1734:
1731:Giard (1888)
1727:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1686:E. calopteni
1685:
1678:
1672:E. brahminae
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1619:Petch (1932)
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1588:E. apiculata
1587:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1531:Petch (1944)
1527:
1520:
1514:E. americana
1513:
1505:
1498:
1487:
1481:E. acaricida
1480:
1474:
1458:
1448:
1438:
1434:Giard (1888)
1428:
1418:
1408:
1398:
1388:
1378:
1374:Giard (1888)
1368:
1358:
1348:
1344:Petch (1939)
1338:
1334:Petch (1937)
1328:
1318:
1314:Garb. (1927)
1308:
1298:
1288:
1284:Giard (1889)
1278:
1274:Cornu (1873)
1268:
1258:
1248:
1238:
1228:
1218:
1208:
1204:Bubák (1903)
1198:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1158:
1148:
1138:
1128:
1118:
1108:
1098:
1088:
1078:
1068:
1058:
1054:Petch (1932)
1048:
1038:
1034:Bubák (1906)
1028:
1018:
1014:Giard (1879)
1008:
998:
988:
978:
968:
958:
954:Giard (1888)
948:
938:
928:
924:
920:
912:
910:
900:
896:
892:
886:
885:, the order
880:
876:
854:
850:
824:
818:
813:
809:
771:
748:
724:
720:pest insects
711:
702:
701:
662:
659:Transmission
640:
605:
565:
562:Reproduction
556:transmission
542:
540:
524:
501:
496:
459:
451:transmission
446:
444:
417:
416:
387:
383:reproduction
355:
340:
314:is a fungal
310:
309:
308:
292:
284:
273:
262:
258:
247:
236:
228:
203:
202:
196:Type species
180:
179:
93:
87:
71:
65:
52:
43:You can help
33:
3579:iNaturalist
3473:Wikispecies
3423:31 December
2899:MedicineNet
2826:MedicineNet
2646:"Synonymy:
2385:E. radicans
2300:E. ovispora
2086:E. jaapiana
2029:E. gracilis
2001:E. gigantea
1972:E. fresenii
1901:E. dysderci
1862:Hori (1906)
1817:E. crustosa
1788:E. coronata
1746:E. cicadina
1658:E. blunckii
1602:E. aquatica
1499:E. adjarica
707:microscopic
652:Cytokinesis
624:chromosomes
588:genetically
482:Germination
413:Description
232:Cohn (1855)
3686:Categories
3395:2020-05-29
3371:2020-05-29
3342:2020-05-29
3256:2020-05-29
3232:2020-05-29
3193:2020-05-29
3120:yourgenome
3101:2020-05-29
3077:2020-05-29
3072:diffen.com
3053:2020-05-29
3030:2020-05-29
2984:2020-05-29
2959:2020-05-29
2904:2020-05-29
2880:2020-05-29
2855:2020-05-29
2831:2020-05-29
2807:2020-05-29
2779:2020-05-29
2656:2015-01-19
2618:References
2526:E. tipulae
2371:E. porteri
2271:E. obscura
2242:E. nebriae
2214:E. montana
2157:E. lecanii
2114:E. kansana
2057:E. henrici
1630:E. aulicae
1560:E. aphidis
1528:E. anglica
877:Zygomycota
864:Ascomycota
860:Zygomycota
838:eubacteria
727:life cycle
688:can carry
636:sporangium
504:incubation
455:life cycle
441:Life cycle
274:Culicicola
237:Myiophyton
136:Division:
3184:"Mitosis"
3161:0960-9822
3096:Study.com
2413:E. rimosa
2043:E. grylli
1774:E. conica
1644:E. batkoi
794:Cytotoxic
786:hemolymph
777:receptors
755:infection
731:germinate
632:cytoplasm
626:for that
576:offspring
535:abdominal
527:reproduce
478:ingestion
398:Hemocytes
358:asexually
343:infection
324:parasitic
296:(Thaxt.)
126:Kingdom:
120:Eukaryota
55:June 2020
47:talk page
3605:MycoBank
3553:Fungorum
3493:60015755
3488:AusFungi
3464:Q4532108
3458:Wikidata
3319:54836536
3202:cite web
3188:ck12.org
3169:15380095
2719:28472199
2186:E. major
907:Taxonomy
846:protists
774:hemocyte
767:proteins
686:mosquito
677:airborne
669:vehicles
552:mycelium
531:membrane
427:organism
347:pathogen
261:subgen.
220:Synonyms
166:Family:
116:Domain:
3669:9710046
3571:2562660
3361:ric.edu
3226:cdc.gov
2933:19 July
2710:5417710
2650:Fresen"
2256:E. neri
935:Species
929:entomon
925:phthora
921:entomon
830:animals
763:enzymes
690:malaria
673:vectors
665:disease
628:species
620:nucleus
617:haploid
592:diploid
568:asexual
508:enzymes
470:conidia
464:into a
390:disease
362:budding
298:A.Batko
278:Nieuwl.
187:Fresen.
176:Genus:
156:Order:
146:Class:
3666:uBio:
3659:167667
3643:NZOR:
3597:181520
3545:1ENTMG
3506:586510
3317:
3307:
3167:
3159:
2717:
2707:
826:plants
814:muscae
751:immune
584:gamete
572:sexual
516:tissue
486:hyphae
466:genome
435:Spores
422:fungal
402:immune
394:insect
379:hyphae
370:fungus
366:spores
300:(1964)
280:(1916)
269:(1888)
267:Thaxt.
259:Empusa
254:(1884)
252:Nowak.
243:(1857)
241:Lebert
229:Empusa
189:(1856)
45:. The
3636:34484
3610:20219
3584:55117
3558:20219
3532:18344
3315:S2CID
917:Greek
842:fungi
520:cells
512:blood
474:touch
351:brain
316:genus
248:Lamia
130:Fungi
3631:NCBI
3592:ITIS
3566:GBIF
3540:EPPO
3519:4C77
3501:BOLD
3425:2022
3305:ISBN
3208:link
3165:PMID
3157:ISSN
2935:2020
2715:PMID
870:and
844:and
812:cf.
765:and
749:The
675:and
613:stem
514:and
364:and
211:Cohn
3618:NBN
3527:EoL
3514:CoL
3297:doi
3147:doi
2705:PMC
2695:doi
582:of
476:or
431:fly
374:DNA
326:on
3688::
3656::
3633::
3620::
3607::
3594::
3581::
3568::
3555::
3542::
3529::
3516::
3503::
3490::
3475::
3460::
3415:.
3404:^
3388:.
3359:.
3335:.
3313:.
3303:.
3295:.
3291:.
3279:^
3249:.
3224:.
3204:}}
3200:{{
3186:.
3163:.
3155:.
3143:14
3141:.
3137:.
3118:.
3094:.
3070:.
3046:.
3023:,
2993:^
2976:.
2951:.
2925:.
2913:^
2897:.
2872:.
2848:.
2824:.
2800:.
2788:^
2772:.
2754:.
2727:^
2713:.
2703:.
2691:13
2689:.
2685:.
2665:^
2626:^
2609:,
2603:=
2589:=
2574:=
2560:=
2545:=
2531:=
2516:=
2500:=
2486:=
2472:=
2458:=
2444:=
2430:=
2418:=
2404:=
2390:=
2376:=
2362:=
2348:=
2333:=
2319:=
2305:=
2291:=
2276:=
2261:=
2247:=
2233:=
2219:=
2205:=
2191:=
2177:=
2162:=
2148:=
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