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Thompson does; there is also no evidence that
Johnson ever ordered someone to be killed. Also, Thompson is portrayed as running his distillery for bootlegging and competing directly with real-life gangsters for distribution on the East Coast, whereas the real Johnson took a cut of all illegal alcohol sold in Atlantic City but was never known to engage in competition or turf wars. He has been described as running his empire "with a velvet hammer". Johnson did not remarry until 1941, long after his wife's death in 1912; in the show, Thompson remarries in 1921. Thompson is Irish Catholic, while Johnson was a Methodist whose parents were from two of Atlantic County's oldest families.
475:
World's
Playground". This was aided by Johnson who, with his influence and power in the city, made sure that anyone who was serving alcohol, running a brothel, or managing a gambling den wasn't bothered so long as Johnson got a cut of the money. In fact, most of Johnson's income came from the percentage he took on every gallon of illegal liquor sold and on gambling and prostitution operations in Atlantic City. Johnson once said:
503:, located on the Boardwalk. The Ritz, which opened in 1921, was where Johnson hosted many lavish parties. He was known as both "the Czar of the Ritz" and "the Prisoner of the Ritz". He freely gave to those in need, and he was widely beloved by local citizens, among whom his benevolence and generosity were legendary. Johnson once explained, "When I lived well, everybody lived well".
642:, where they would be seated at the head table. He continued to dress impeccably, including a red carnation on his lapel. Johnson steadfastly supported Farley's leadership, and in 1952, when the Farley organization faced a particularly strong election challenge, Johnson campaigned on his behalf in Atlantic City's predominantly black Northside area, where Johnson remained popular.
466:. Edge provided Hague with a pledge of cooperation, and Hague instructed people in his Democratic organization to cross over and vote for Edge in the Republican primary. Hague did not support Wittpenn in the general election, and Edge was elected. Edge rewarded Johnson by appointing him clerk of the State Supreme Court.
582:. According to some accounts, bad blood existed between Johnson and Hearst because Johnson had become too close to a showgirl who was Hearst's steady date when he visited Atlantic City. Johnson subsequently was the focus of increased scrutiny by the Federal government, allegedly as a result of Hearst's lobbying of
446:
Johnson held many jobs during his 30-year rule: county treasurer, which allowed him to control the county's purse strings; county collector; publisher of a weekly newspaper; bank director; president of a building and loan company; and director of a
Philadelphia brewery. He declined requests that he
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In 1933 a property lien was filed against
Johnson by the Federal government for additional taxes he owed on income earned in 1927. That year also saw the repeal of Prohibition, which eliminated a major selling point for Atlantic City among tourists and conventioneers, as well as a source of income
474:
Johnson's power reached its peak during
Prohibition, which was enacted nationally in 1919 (but did not go into effect until 1920) and lasted until 1933. Prohibition was effectively unenforced in Atlantic City, and, as a result, the resort's popularity grew further. The city then called itself "The
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industry would give the city an edge over its competitors. Therefore, the organization inherited by
Johnson permitted the service of alcohol on Sundays (which at the time was prohibited by New Jersey law), gambling, and prostitution, in exchange for the payment of protection money by vice industry
33:
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elected to portray a fictionalized version of
Johnson, to give the writers creative license with history, and to maintain suspense. One great difference between the real Johnson and the fictional Thompson is that the real Johnson is not known to have killed anyone personally, as the fictional
506:
Since its founding, Atlantic City, like other summer resorts, had been burdened with a seasonal economy, and efforts to promote tourism there during the colder months had not been successful. The free availability of alcohol during
Prohibition, however, made Atlantic City the nation's premier
423:, Johnson and several others were charged with corruption. Kuehnle was convicted and imprisoned, while Johnson was acquitted, allowing him to succeed Kuehnle as leader of the same organization, which effectively controlled the Republican-led Atlantic City and Atlantic County governments.
426:
Atlantic City was a tourist destination, and city leaders knew that its success as a resort depended on providing visitors with what they wanted. What many tourists wanted was the opportunity to drink, gamble, and visit prostitutes. City leaders realized that permitting a
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After his release from prison, Johnson lived with his wife and brother in a house owned by relatives of his wife on South
Elberon Avenue, Atlantic City. There was speculation that he would seek elected office, but he never did. Instead, he worked in sales for the
511:. Work on Convention Hall began in 1926 and it opened in May 1929. A 650-by-350-foot (200 by 110 m) structure, it was a state-of-the-art convention building and contained what was then the largest room in history with an unobstructed view.
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operators during 1935, 1936 and 1937. A two-week trial concluded in July 1941, and
Johnson was convicted. He was sentenced to ten years in federal prison and fined $ 20,000. On August 1, 1941, Johnson, then 58 years old, married 33-year-old
447:
run for the state senate, believing that it was beneath the dignity of a "real boss" to stand for election. As the most powerful New Jersey Republican, Johnson was responsible for electing several governors and United States senators.
483:. I won't deny it and I won't apologize for it. If the majority of the people didn't want them they wouldn't be profitable and they would not exist. The fact that they do exist proves to me that the people want them.
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When the jury in Federal District Court pronounced Enoch L. (Nucky) Johnson guilty of evading the income tax laws the cloak of Republican leadership slipped off his shoulders, bringing to an end a reign of thirty
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366:, to Smith E. and Virginia (Higbee) Johnson, who were Protestants and members of two of Atlantic County's oldest families. His nickname "Nucky" was derived from his given name Enoch.
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454:'s successful run for governor. In addition to raising money for Edge, who was then the state senator from Atlantic County, Johnson engineered Edge's election by reaching out to
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Investigators charged that Johnson's income from vice exceeded $ 500,000 a year (equivalent to over $ 9 million in 2023). He rode in a chauffeur-driven, $ 14,000 powder-blue
1091:"Interviews with Heather Perez, Archivist, Atlantic City Free Public Library, and historians Nelson Johnson and Allen "Boo" Pergament in "Boss of the Boardwalk", a 2010
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In 1909, Johnson was appointed to the politically important position of Atlantic County Republican Executive committee secretary. In 1911, local political boss
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operators to the organization. Support of the vice industry was to continue and expand under Nucky Johnson's rule, as would other forms of corruption, such as
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in Mays Landing. In 1908, he was elected Sheriff of Atlantic County when his father's term expired, a position he held until ousted by a court order in 1911.
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534:. (A well-known photograph purporting to show Johnson and Capone walking down the Boardwalk together during the conference is of doubtful authenticity.)
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liquor and, in 1927, he agreed to participate in a loose organization of other bootleggers and racketeers along the east coast, forming the Big Seven or
377:, the county seat. His career in law enforcement alternated between the roles of sheriff of Mays Landing and undersheriff of Atlantic City. Along with
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564:. When they met, Boyd and Johnson took an instant liking to each other, and Johnson began grooming him to become the boss of his organization.
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for Johnson and his political machine. On May 10, 1939, Johnson was indicted for evading taxes on about $ 125,000 in income he received from
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location for holding conventions. In an effort to promote a year-round convention-supported economy, Johnson directed the construction of
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Enoch L. (Nucky) Johnson, Atlantic County treasurer and former Republican leader, will be married here tomorrow night to Florence Osbeck
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1375:"Rise and fall of Jazz Age titan behind HBO's 'Boardwalk Empire' Amazing story of bigshot who made Atlantic City a mob playground"
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499:, fresh daily, worn on his lapel. At the height of his power, Johnson lived in a suite of rooms on the ninth floor of the
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Nucky Johnson's name was mentioned frequently in a series of articles about vice in Atlantic City published in 1930 by
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411:, where he studied English literature. However, he later abandoned his studies in favor of his political career.
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1275:"Author of Boardwalk Empire Helped Historical Book Transition into Dramatized Crime Series, by Mark DiIonno"
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660:, Johnson "was born to rule: He had flair, flamboyance, was politically amoral and ruthless, and had an
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1136:"'Nucky' Johnson Weds Ex-Show Girl Tonight. Convicted Jersey Politician to Marry on Eve of Sentencing"
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fictionalized the Prohibition era in Atlantic City. The series ran for five seasons, was produced by
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government from the 1910s until his conviction and imprisonment in 1941. His rule encompassed the
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American Dictators: Frank Hague, Nucky Johnson, and the Perfection of the Urban Political Machine
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Learn, Paul. "Boss 'Nucky' Johnson is dead at 85 – Unconscious 25 Hours Before 'Time Took Him'",
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638:. During these years, Johnson and his wife would sometimes attend local political dinners or
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Based on his research, Nelson Johnson is of the opinion that the photograph is not genuine.
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for faces and names, and a natural gift of command ... had the reputation of being a
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1053:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Atlantic City Convention Hall"
8:
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1959:
1165:"Two Held Seeking Johnson's Mantle. Senator Farley Claims It. Mayor Taggart Not Talking"
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866:"Enoch L. Johnson, Ex-Boss in Jersey. Prohibition-Era Ruler of Atlantic City, 85, Dies"
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Enoch Johnson died on December 9, 1968, at the Atlantic County Convalescent Home in
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In 1906, Johnson married his teenage sweetheart, Mabel Jeffries, of Mays Landing.
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Johnson was paroled on August 15, 1945, after four years in prison, and took a
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1222:"The real Nucky Johnson to be showcased in Press of Atlantic City documentary"
1122:"Boardwalk Empire: Here is Atlantic City's best bartender-bodyguard-chauffeur"
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Under Nucky Johnson, Atlantic City was one of the leading ports for importing
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In 1912, Johnson's wife Mabel died. Reportedly, Johnson had previously been a
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to avoid paying the $ 20,000 fine (equivalent to $ 338,000 in 2023).
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Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City
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Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City
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when Atlantic City was at the height of its popularity as a refuge from
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In 1916 Johnson served as campaign manager for Republican candidate
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succeeded him as the leader of Atlantic City's political machine.
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Johnson had a Russian personal assistant and valet, Louis Kessel.
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The HBO television series is based on a chapter of the 2002 book
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1303:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, Rivergate Books.
1262:
Genealogical and Memorial History of the State of New Jersey
1022:"Nucky Johnson | American politician | Britannica"
296:(January 20, 1883 – December 9, 1968) was an
428:
1989:
989:
Nucky: The Real Story of the Atlantic City Boardwalk Boss
1362:"Atlantic City, New Jersey: Boardwalk Of Broken Dreams"
1219:
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Enoch Lewis Johnson was born on January 20, 1883, in
1545:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
740:) mentions an incident involving Enoch L. Johnson.
469:
1050:
676:fancier of luxuries and all good things in life."
599:Florence "Flossie" Osbeck, a former showgirl from
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491:and wore expensive clothes, including a $ 1,200
556:. Johnson met Boyd around the time that he and
373:for a three-year term, and the family moved to
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1975:
1530:Association Against the Prohibition Amendment
1402:
1038:, Atlantic City, N.J., Press Publishing, 1970
826:"Whole County Honors Mrs. Virginia Johnson",
389:. In 1905, Nucky Johnson became his father's
1277:. New Jersey Star-Ledger. September 19, 2010
617:
1046:
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381:Lewis P. Scott (1854–1907) and Congressman
2721:New Jersey politicians convicted of crimes
2671:Politicians from Atlantic City, New Jersey
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1982:
1968:
1592:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933
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955:"Boardwalk Empire at History vs Hollywood"
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2701:American political bosses from New Jersey
2676:People from Galloway Township, New Jersey
1373:Otis, Ginger Adams (September 19, 2010).
1360:Painton, Priscilla (September 25, 1989).
1220:HBO/Craig Blankenhorn (August 20, 2010).
1097:. pressofatlanticcity.com. Archived from
937:, Medford, N.J., Plexus Publishing, 2002
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2407:Lucchese crime family New Jersey faction
2402:Genovese crime family New Jersey faction
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668:, a hard drinker, a Herculean lover, an
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462:, who disliked the Democratic nominee,
185: 1906; died 1912)
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1095:documentary produced by Michael Clark"
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479:We have whisky, wine, women, song and
371:Sheriff of Atlantic County, New Jersey
369:In 1886, Johnson's father was elected
312:that controlled Atlantic City and the
69:Sheriff of Atlantic County, New Jersey
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1963:
1570:List of dry communities by U.S. state
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610:Following Johnson's 1941 conviction,
267:10 years imprisonment, fined $ 20,000
2746:20th-century American businesspeople
1642:Swedish prohibition referendum, 1922
1355:"Johnson, Enoch 'Nucky' (1883-1968)"
1298:
1051:James H. Charleton (June 17, 1985).
907:
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443:but began to drink after her death.
1494:Australian prohibition referendums
495:. His personal trademark was a red
399:Johnson and Mabel soon enrolled at
346:was based on Johnson, portrayed by
16:American political boss and mobster
13:
2681:People from Northfield, New Jersey
1692:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
1490:21st Amendment (U.S. Constitution)
1485:18th Amendment (U.S. Constitution)
1292:
14:
2762:
2726:20th-century American politicians
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886:
2741:The College of New Jersey alumni
2736:Atlantic City High School alumni
2582:African-American organized crime
969:"High Times in a wide open town"
470:Atlantic City during Prohibition
414:
2553:Polish-American organized crime
2509:Jewish-American organized crime
1919:National Prohibition Party (UK)
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526:in 1929, a meeting of national
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1672:Voluntary Committee of Lawyers
1657:Temperance (Scotland) Act 1913
1333:. Medford: Plexus Publishing.
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605:Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary
401:New Jersey State Normal School
230:New Jersey State Normal School
1:
1949:(2011 documentary miniseries)
1244:"Atlantic City's Next Gamble"
743:
509:Atlantic City Convention Hall
364:Galloway Township, New Jersey
357:
328:, the criminal aspect of his
128:Galloway Township, New Jersey
2751:Nucky Johnson's Organization
2474:Nucky Johnson's Organization
1991:Nucky Johnson's Organization
7:
1903:Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith
1520:American Temperance Society
10:
2767:
1930:Scottish Prohibition Party
657:The Press of Atlantic City
634:, and, with his wife, for
586:administration officials.
308:who was the leader of the
302:sheriff of Atlantic County
2691:Prohibition-era gangsters
2609:
2580:
2551:
2507:
2457:
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2397:DeCavalcante crime family
2392:Philadelphia crime family
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2369:Atlantic City, New Jersey
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1197:. HBO.com. Archived from
804:, December 10, 1968, p. 1
618:Parole and prison release
544:and powerful Fourth Ward
522:. He was the host of the
436:on government contracts.
405:the College of New Jersey
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2686:Depression-era gangsters
2433:New Orleans crime family
2278:Relation to other groups
2249:Atlantic City Conference
1508:Western Australian, 1950
1498:Western Australian, 1925
1058:. National Park Service.
645:
579:New York Evening Journal
524:Atlantic City Conference
2611:Outlaw motorcycle gangs
1883:William Harvey Thompson
1843:The LaMontages brothers
1662:United Kingdom Alliance
830:, January 2, 1937, p. 1
817:, October 8, 1917, p. 6
813:"Dead Sheriff Honored,
574:William Randolph Hearst
219:Virginia Higbee Johnson
2696:New Jersey Republicans
2529:The Bugs and Meyer Mob
1718:Thomas Holliday Barker
1093:Press of Atlantic City
1071:Cite journal requires
828:Atlantic County Record
736:, aging gangster Lou (
652:Northfield, New Jersey
485:
145:Northfield, New Jersey
2716:American crime bosses
2428:The Lanzetta Brothers
1788:Frederic Richard Lees
1682:Wickersham Commission
1550:Bureau of Prohibition
1503:New South Wales, 1928
1464:Russia / Soviet Union
1357:. The American Mafia.
1299:Hart, Steven (2013).
1260:Lee, Francis Bazley,
815:Philadelphia Inquirer
632:Richfield Oil Company
477:
379:Atlantic County Clerk
340:. The hit HBO series
332:was also involved in
2711:American bootleggers
2412:Gambino crime family
2302:Luciano crime family
1250:. September 6, 2014.
1101:on November 24, 2010
2706:New Jersey sheriffs
2235:Organization events
1868:Howard Hyde Russell
1687:Willis–Campbell Act
1652:Temperance movement
1555:Cullen–Harrison Act
1418:Alcohol prohibition
874:. December 10, 1968
801:Atlantic City Press
568:Tax evasion charges
530:leaders, including
458:Hudson County boss
409:Trenton, New Jersey
25:Enoch Lewis Johnson
2731:American gangsters
2265:Kefauver Committee
2177:Harry M. Daugherty
1713:Harry J. Anslinger
1607:Neo-prohibitionism
1597:Molly Pitcher Club
1525:Anti-Saloon League
1248:The New York Times
1201:on October 1, 2017
1195:"Boardwalk Empire"
1169:The New York Times
1140:The New York Times
1036:So Young...So Gay!
1034:McMahon, William.
973:Princeton Magazine
871:The New York Times
680:In popular culture
550:Ritz-Carlton Hotel
501:Ritz-Carlton Hotel
304:, businessman and
37:Johnson circa 1941
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2317:The Four Horsemen
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2182:Walter Evans Edge
2151:Frederick Warlich
2058:
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1957:
1956:
1924:Prohibition Party
1912:Political parties
1848:Lanzetta Brothers
1763:Clinton N. Howard
1708:Martha Meir Allen
999:978-1-4835-4881-4
933:Johnson, Nelson.
560:were forming the
324:. In addition to
310:political machine
283:
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217:Smith E. Johnson
101:Alfred H. Johnson
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2207:Arnold Rothstein
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1863:Arnold Rothstein
1773:Enoch L. Johnson
1612:Roaring Twenties
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986:Ferry, Frank J.
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935:Boardwalk Empire
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686:Boardwalk Empire
597:Swedish American
343:Boardwalk Empire
318:Roaring Twenties
300:political boss,
264:Criminal penalty
254:
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186:
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138:December 9, 1968
125:January 20, 1883
124:
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110:Personal details
98:
91:Smith E. Johnson
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2490:Frank S. Farley
2486:Edward L. Bader
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2365:Organized crime
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2160:
2109:Cherry Haggerty
2106:Francis Gribbin
2054:
2026:
1993:
1988:
1958:
1953:
1934:
1907:
1898:Frances Willard
1888:Andrew Volstead
1853:The Purple Gang
1818:J. Howard Moore
1758:J. Edgar Hoover
1696:
1677:Webb–Kenyon Act
1473:
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1327:Johnson, Nelson
1311:
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1293:Further reading
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1171:. July 28, 1941
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1142:. July 31, 1941
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723:(no relation).
705:. Show creator
691:Martin Scorsese
682:
654:. According to
648:
620:
612:Frank S. Farley
570:
558:Charlie Luciano
528:organized crime
472:
417:
383:John J. Gardner
360:
314:Atlantic County
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205: 1941)
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1349:External links
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738:Burt Lancaster
721:Nelson Johnson
707:Terence Winter
703:Nucky Thompson
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662:eidetic memory
647:
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636:Renault Winery
619:
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730:'s 1980 film
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415:Rise to power
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2202:Gaston Means
2192:Meyer Lansky
2154:Ralph Weloff
2136:Jack Portock
2121:John Martino
2118:Louis Kessel
2103:Phil Gravatt
2096:John Gardner
2088:Paul D'Amato
2063:Past members
2048:Herman Orman
2042:Dick Jackson
2022:Frank Farley
1946:
1858:George Remus
1838:Roy Olmstead
1803:Owney Madden
1783:Meyer Lansky
1772:
1743:Texas Guinan
1738:Waxey Gordon
1733:Mickey Duffy
1667:Volstead Act
1587:Local option
1378:
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1330:
1319:j.ctt1bmzkjj
1300:
1279:. Retrieved
1269:
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1226:. Retrieved
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1199:the original
1189:
1180:
1173:. Retrieved
1168:
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1144:. Retrieved
1139:
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1105:November 21,
1103:. Retrieved
1099:the original
1092:
1085:
1064:cite journal
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1016:
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876:. Retrieved
869:
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697:and starred
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601:Philadelphia
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493:raccoon coat
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391:undersheriff
375:Mays Landing
368:
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338:prostitution
330:organization
293:
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140:(1968-12-09)
97:Succeeded by
76:
58:
18:
2666:1968 deaths
2661:1883 births
2597:Black Mafia
2187:Frank Hague
2145:Louis Scott
2133:Reuben Perr
2124:Fed Masucci
2092:Frank Ferry
2045:Alf Johnson
2031:Lieutenants
1947:Prohibition
1778:Norman Kerr
1748:Frank Hamer
1647:Teetotalism
1617:Rum-running
1535:Bathtub gin
1146:October 22,
728:Louis Malle
666:trencherman
548:was former
520:Seven Group
460:Frank Hague
326:bootlegging
322:Prohibition
286:Enoch Lewis
258:Tax evasion
87:Preceded by
2655:Categories
2494:Jimmy Boyd
2476:(See also
2441:(See also
2367:groups in
2217:Jess Smith
2165:Associates
2157:Tom Wooten
2127:Joe McBeth
2100:Ralph Gold
2076:Joe Altman
2051:Sam Weekly
2038:Jimmy Boyd
1833:Eliot Ness
1823:Bugs Moran
1622:Rum Patrol
1560:Dry county
1540:Blaine Act
1434:Bangladesh
1426:By country
1228:January 5,
1008:1010495792
744:References
554:Jimmy Boyd
456:Democratic
441:teetotaler
358:Early life
306:crime boss
225:Alma mater
156:Republican
121:1883-01-20
2459:Irish Mob
2172:Al Capone
2130:Ed Nappen
1798:Sam Maceo
1728:Al Capone
1637:Speakeasy
1602:Moonshine
1565:Dry state
1175:August 9,
878:August 9,
674:sybaritic
584:Roosevelt
562:Big Seven
532:Al Capone
497:carnation
489:limousine
434:kickbacks
214:Parent(s)
81:1908–1911
77:In office
63:1911–1939
59:In office
51:Treasurer
2631:Warlocks
2590:Inactive
2561:Inactive
2517:Inactive
2467:Inactive
2421:Inactive
2258:Hearings
2242:Meetings
2080:Ed Bader
2070:Official
1582:Jazz Age
1478:By topic
1329:(2002).
1224:. Nj.com
552:bellhop
542:enforcer
334:gambling
1939:Related
1627:Rum row
1449:Iceland
1444:Finland
670:epicure
640:rallies
592:numbers
516:bootleg
294:Johnson
207:
199:
187:
179:
175:
162:Spouses
2626:Pagans
2619:Active
2385:Active
2311:Rivals
2285:Allies
2005:Bosses
1701:People
1439:Canada
1337:
1317:
1307:
1182:years.
1006:
996:
941:
147:, U.S.
130:, U.S.
1926:(USA)
1577:Islam
1454:India
1315:JSTOR
1056:(pdf)
719:, by
646:Death
407:) in
403:(now
290:Nucky
201:(
197:
181:(
177:
1459:Iran
1367:Time
1335:ISBN
1305:ISBN
1283:2010
1230:2012
1207:2010
1177:2012
1148:2012
1107:2010
1077:help
1004:OCLC
994:ISBN
939:ISBN
880:2012
693:and
672:, a
546:boss
429:vice
336:and
232:(now
135:Died
115:Born
726:In
701:as
576:'s
350:as
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2492:,
2488:,
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