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While, strictly speaking, even a printed page of text is multimodal, the teaching of composition has begun to attend to the language of visuals. Some have suggested privileging only the linguistic mode limits the opportunity to engage in multiple symbols that create meaning and speak rhetorically. In
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This composition refers to work produced in digital spaces. The writer or speaker must not only consider all the composing processes of the above-mentioned discourse (like purpose, arrangement, etc.), but the relationship medium plays in the composing and decision process of that work. In digital
154:"to place") as it refers to writing, can describe authors' decisions about, processes for designing, and sometimes the final product of, a composed linguistic work. In original use, it tended to describe practices concerning the development of
162:, its use has broadened to apply to any composed work: print or digital, alphanumeric or multimodal. As such, the composition of linguistic works goes beyond the exclusivity of written and oral documents to visual and digital arenas.
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of most composition classrooms. The rhetorical appeals also prove important in written texts, as the strategies of using these appeals become more complex as writers understand their audience's needs when not in physical view.
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discourse, the fifth canon of delivery takes on new meaning, and digital spaces change how traditional views of authority, circulation, and context are understood, like composing in a
Knowledge. Thus digital rhetoric, or
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Typically, in any speech classroom, these stages are still prevalent in the composing process. Other such qualities to be included, especially when considering ones'
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Foss, Sonya (2004). "Framing the Study of Visual
Rhetoric: Toward a Transformation of Rhetorical Theory". In Hill, Charles A.; Helmers, Marguerite (eds.).
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As oral discourse shifted to more written discourse, the stage of memory and delivery began to fade, yet the first three stages hold its rank in the
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thinking about how visuals are used to communicate, and how they are composed or analyzed in a rhetorical work, Foss argues that one considers:
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performances, and eventually essays, narratives, or genres of imaginative literature, but since the mid-20th century emergence of the field of
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have identified elements like the following as relevant to processes of composing language. This list is neither exclusive nor sequential:
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A copy of
Aristotle's Rhetoric, printed in one of the earliest stages of the printing press.
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Nature, the present elements/physical features and suggested elements/concepts and ideas
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Traditionally, oratory, or classical rhetoric, is composed of five stages, or canons:
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Arrangement, strategic use of written, oral, visual and/or digital to inform,
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Ball, Cheryl E.; Charlton, Colin (2015). "All
Writing is Multimodal".
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Bizzell, Patricia; Herzberg, Bruce, eds. (2001). "Acceptance".
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Martin Luther King Jr. performing oral discourse in his famous
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and methods of persuasion, would be the rhetorical appeals:
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Naming What We Know: Threshold
Concepts of Writing Studies
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Conference on
College Composition and Communication
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Justification, or reasoning in support of the topic
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566:. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. pp.
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465:. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook. pp. 40–43.
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494:(2nd ed.). Boston: Bedford/St.Martin's.
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110:December 2013
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52:Please help
47:verification
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847:Short story
638:Description
300:Arrangement
227:definitions
172:narratology
150:"with" and
144:composition
842:Screenplay
796:Stylistics
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723:Prewriting
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405:eRhetoric
294:Invention
142:The term
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318:Delivery
266:motivate
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220:Setting
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