1355:
Yamamoto, Ryo; Otsuka, Yasushi; Nakayama, Masaaki; Maruyama, Yukio; Katoh, Naohiko; Ikeda, Masato; Yamamoto, Hiroyasu; Yokoyama, Keitaro; Kawaguchi, Yoshindo; Matsushima, Masato (June 24, 2005). "Risk factors for encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in patients who have experienced peritoneal dialysis
853:
Kawaguchi, Yoshindo; Saito, Akira; Kawanishi, Hideki; Nakayama, Masaaki; Miyazaki, Masanobu; Nakamoto, Hidetomo; Tranaeus, Anders (April 2005). "Recommendations on the management of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in Japan, 2005: diagnosis, predictive markers, treatment, and preventive measures".
3448:
Freitas, Declan de; Jordaan, Antoinette; Williams, Rosalind; Alderdice, Jane; Curwell, Janet; Hurst, Helen; Hutchison, Alastair; Brenchley, Paul E C; Augustine, Titus; Summers, Angela M (2008). "Nutritional management of patients undergoing surgery following diagnosis with encapsulating peritoneal
275:
is intricately linked to the development of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, with the frequency of episodes being correlated with the occurrence of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis has been specifically linked to recurrent peritonitis caused by bacterial
1311:
Balasubramaniam, Gowrie; Brown, Edwina A.; Davenport, Andrew; Cairns, Hugh; Cooper, Barbara; Fan, Stanley L. S.; Farrington, Ken; Gallagher, Hugh; Harnett, Patrick; Krausze, Sally; Steddon, Simon (February 11, 2009). "The Pan-Thames EPS study: treatment and outcomes of encapsulating peritoneal
650:
Because encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis surgery is a time-consuming, dangerous, and technical procedure, it should only be performed on patients who have not responded to conservative medical therapy and, if at all possible, in facilities with prior experience performing such procedures.
3736:
Loureiro, JesĂşs; Aguilera, Abelardo; Selgas, Rafael; Sandoval, Pilar; Albar-VizcaĂno, Patricia; PĂ©rez-Lozano, MarĂa Luisa; Ruiz-Carpio, Vicente; Majano, Pedro L.; Lamas, Santiago; RodrĂguez-Pascual, Fernando; Borras-Cuesta, Francisco; Dotor, Javier; LĂłpez-Cabrera, Manuel (2011).
3492:
Sud, Rahul; Garry, Lorraine; Spicer, Stephen
Timothy; Allen, Richard DM; Eris, Josette M; Wyburn, Kate; Verran, Deborah; Cooper, Caroline Louise; Chadban, Steve (March 14, 2014). "A role for everolimus in post-transplant encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: First case report".
817:
Kawaguchi, Y; Kawanishi, H; Mujais, S; Topley, N; Oreopoulos, D G (2000). "Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: definition, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. International
Society for Peritoneal Dialysis Ad Hoc Committee on Ultrafiltration Management in Peritoneal Dialysis".
3684:
Ceri, Mevlut; Unverdi, Selman; Dogan, Mehmet; Unverdi, Hatice; Karaca, Gokhan; Kocak, Gulay; Kurultak, Ilhan; Akbal, Erdem; Can, Murat; Duranay, Murat (April 15, 2012). "Effect of sirolimus on the regression of peritoneal sclerosis in an experimental rat model".
3377:
Kawanishi, Hideki; Kawaguchi, Yoshindo; Fukui, Hiroyoshi; Hara, Shigeko; Imada, Akio; Kubo, Hitoshi; Kin, Masao; Nakamoto, Masahiko; Ohira, Seiji; Shoji, Takao (2004). "Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in Japan: a prospective, controlled, multicenter study".
2673:
Lopez-Anton, Melisa; Lambie, Mark; Lopez-Cabrera, Manuel; Schmitt, Claus P.; Ruiz-Carpio, Vicente; Bartosova, Maria; Schaefer, Betti; Davies, Simon; Stone, Timothy; Jenkins, Robert; Taylor, Philip R.; Topley, Nicholas; Bowen, Timothy; Fraser, Donald (2017).
3856:
Ulmer, Christoph; Braun, Niko; Rieber, Fabian; Latus, Joerg; Hirschburger, Sandra; Emmel, Jens; Alscher, M. Dominik; Steurer, Wolfgang; Thon, Klaus-Peter (2013). "Efficacy and morbidity of surgical therapy in late-stage encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis".
1907:
Rumbo, Carolina; Zambernardi, Agustina; Cabanne, Ana; Rumbo, Martin; Gondolesi, Gabriel (July 3, 2013). "Sclerosing peritonitis, a rare complication after intestinal transplant. Report of one case successfully treated with adjustment of immunosuppression".
1755:
Frigerio, Luigi; Taccagni, Gian Luca; Mariani, Andrea; Mangili, Giorgia; Ferrari, Augusto (1997). "Idiopathic sclerosing peritonitis associated with florid mesothelial hyperplasia, ovarian fibromatosis, and endometriosis: A new disorder of abdominal mass".
2723:
Reimold, Fabian R.; Braun, Niko; Zsengellér, Zsuzsanna K.; Stillman, Isaac E.; Karumanchi, S. Ananth; Toka, Hakan R.; Latus, Joerg; Fritz, Peter; Biegger, Dagmar; Segerer, Stephan; Alscher, M. Dominik; Bhasin, Manoj K.; Alper, Seth L. (February 13, 2013).
3804:
CĂ©licout, Betty; Levard, Hugues; Hay, Jean-Marie; Msika, Simon; Fingerhut, Abe; Pelissier, Edouard; French
Associations for Surgical Research, F (1998). "Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis: Early and Late Results of Surgical Management in 32 Cases".
3108:
Stuart, Sam; Stott, David; Goode, Antony; Cash, Charlotte J; Davenport, Andrew (December 22, 2016). "Can radiological assessment of abdominal computerized scans diagnose encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in long-term peritoneal dialysis patients?".
4078:
Singhal, Manphool; Krishna, Satheesh; Lal, Anupam; Narayanasamy, Sabarish; Bal, Amanjit; Yadav, Thakur D.; Kochhar, Rakesh; Sinha, Saroj K.; Khandelwal, Niranjan; Sheikh, Adnan M. (2019). "Encapsulating
Peritoneal Sclerosis: The Abdominal Cocoon".
2512:
Abrahams, Alferso C.; Habib, Sayed M.; Dendooven, Amélie; Riser, Bruce L.; van der Veer, Jan Willem; Toorop, Raechel J.; Betjes, Michiel G. H.; Verhaar, Marianne C.; Watson, Christopher J. E.; Nguyen, Tri Q.; Boer, Walther H. (November 10, 2014).
549:
because the risk of developing encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis rises with the length of the treatment. Research from Japan has indicated that patients should switch to hemodialysis after the recommended 8-year safe period for continuing
2891:
Ahmad, Sohail; North, Bernard V.; Qureshi, Ashfaq; Malik, Amir; Bhangal, Gurjeet; Tarzi, Ruth M.; Brown, Edwina A.; Tam, Frederick W. K. (November 18, 2010). "CCL18 in peritoneal dialysis patients and encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis".
680:, the encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis risk rose to 8% in one study involving over 17,300 patients from Australia, New Zealand, and Scotland; however, when the competing risk of death was considered, the risk dropped to just 1.5%.
2580:
Lambie, Mark R.; Chess, James; Summers, Angela M.; Williams, Paul Ford; Topley, Nicholas; Davies, Simon J. (January 26, 2016). "Peritoneal inflammation precedes encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: results from the GLOBAL Fluid Study".
3640:
Bozkurt, Devrim; Bicak, Selahattin; Sipahi, Savas; Taskin, Huseyin; Hur, Ender; Ertilav, Muhittin; Ĺžen, Sait; Duman, Soner (2008). "The
Effects of Colchicine on the Progression and Regression of Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis".
3246:
Brown, Edwina A.; Bargman, Joanne; van Biesen, Wim; Chang, Ming-Yang; Finkelstein, Frederic O.; Hurst, Helen; Johnson, David W.; Kawanishi, Hideki; Lambie, Mark; de Moraes, Thyago Proença; Morelle, Johann; Woodrow, Graham (2017).
328:
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is believed to happen in patients who have a predisposing condition if a peritoneal inflammatory process (inciting factor) takes place. This is known as the "two-hit" theory in the literature on
544:
There is currently no known way to stop encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis from developing, despite numerous studies pointing to potential causes. There has been much discussion regarding the "expiry date" for patients receiving
4016:
Lambie, Mark; Teece, Lucy; Johnson, David W; Petrie, Michaela; Mactier, Robert; Solis-Trapala, Ivonne; Belcher, John; Bekker, Hilary L; Wilkie, Martin; Tupling, Ken; Phillips-Darby, Louise; Davies, Simon J (February 28, 2019).
2163:
Hsu, Yung-Hsuen; Hsia, Ching-Chih; Tsai, Dong-Ming; Tu, Hsing-Yang; Hung, Kuan-Yu; Huang, Jenq-Wen (2010). "Development of
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis Following Bacterial Peritonitis in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient".
415:
adhesions, and a "cauliflower" appearance due to peritoneal sclerosis-encapsulated bowel loop compression. Dilated loops of bowel may appear encased in a dense fibrous membrane or matted together and tethered posteriorly on
3544:
Romagnoli, J.; Pedroso, J.A.; Paola
Salerno, M.; Favi, E.; Spagnoletti, G.; Citterio, F. (2014). "Posttransplant Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis, Long-Term Success With Everolimus and Low-Dose CNI: A Case Report".
3588:
Huddam, Bülent; Başaran, Murat; Koçak, Gülay; Azak, Alper; Yalçın, Funda; Reyhan, Nihan
Haberal; Duranay, Murat (July 10, 2015). "The use of mycophenolate mofetil in experimental encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis".
3306:
Braun, Niko; Fritz, Peter; Ulmer, Christoph; Latus, Joerg; Kimmel, Martin; Biegger, Dagmar; Ott, German; Reimold, Fabian; Thon, Klaus-Peter; Dippon, Juergen; Segerer, Stephan; Alscher, M. Dominik (November 7, 2012).
2264:
Eltringham, W K; Espiner, H J; Windsor, C W O; Griffiths, D A; Davies, J D; Baddeley, H; Read, A E A; Blunt, R J (1977). "Sclerosing peritonitis due to practolol: A report on 9 cases and their surgical management".
1118:
Mortier, Siska; De Vriese, An S.; Van de Voorde, Johan; Schaub, Thomas P.; Passlick-Deetjen, Jutta; Lameire, Norbert H. (2002). "Hemodynamic
Effects of Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions on the Rat Peritoneal Membrane".
443:, and localized or diffuse peritoneal calcification are additional radiographic features. Complex loculations may indicate intra-abdominal hemorrhage, but if they contain gas, there is reason to suspect sepsis or a
2316:
Nauen, David W.; Martin, Allison; Katz, Aviva; Cohen, Debra; Ranganathan, Sarangarajan (October 21, 2009). "A case of luteinizing thecoma with sclerosing peritonitis: Revisiting a link with anti-epileptic drugs".
4237:
4222:
4207:
1660:
Bahar, Burak; Hu, Zhihong; Szpaderska, Anna; Liotta, Margaret; Potkul, Ronald K.; Smith, Donna; Erşahin, Çağatay (2014). "Fatal Case of
Luteinized Thecoma With Sclerosing Peritonitis in a 40-Year-Old Woman".
675:
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis occurs between 0.5% and 7.3% of the time worldwide, but in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis for 15 years or longer, the frequency can reach 17.2%. After nine years of
3064:
Ti, Joanna P.; Al-Aradi, Ali; Conlon, Peter J.; Lee, Michael J.; Morrin, Martina M. (2010). "Imaging Features of Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients".
76:
Treatments that have been reported include the use of antifibrotic drugs like tamoxifen, immunosuppressant drugs like corticosteroids, nutritional support, and surgery to remove the fibrotic material.
2515:"Patients with Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis Have Increased Peritoneal Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CCN2), Transforming Growth Factor-β1, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor"
400:
controls, sometimes up to years before the condition's clinical manifestation. Nevertheless, no biomarker has been discovered to help anticipate the onset of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.
3203:
Jovani, Manol; Baticci, Fabio; Bonifacio, Cristiana; Omodei, Paolo Dario; Malesci, Alberto (2014). "Abdominal cocoon or idiopathic encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: Magnetic resonance imaging".
2624:
Braun, N.; Alscher, D. M.; Fritz, P.; Edenhofer, I.; Kimmel, M.; Gaspert, A.; Reimold, F.; Bode-Lesniewska, B.; Ziegler, U.; Biegger, D.; Wuthrich, R. P.; Segerer, S. (August 13, 2010).
581:
The nutritional status should be evaluated upon encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis diagnosis. Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis cannot be effectively treated with bowel rest or
2417:
Johnson, David W.; Cho, Yeoungjee; Livingston, Brian E.R.; Hawley, Carmel M.; McDonald, Stephen P.; Brown, Fiona G.; Rosman, Johan B.; Bannister, Kym M.; Wiggins, Kathryn J. (2010).
341:, the cumulative incidence of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis rises significantly over time. A proinflammatory "second hit" initiates a series of proangiogenic , proinflammatory
249:
treatment appears to be the primary risk factor for encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis development. The incidence of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis rose with the length of
2071:
Sigaroudinia, Mandana O.; Baillie, Colin; Ahmed, Shiban; Mallucci, Connor (2008). "Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis—a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunts".
3160:
Upponi, S.; Butler, A.J.; Watson, C.J.E.; Shaw, A.S. (2014). "Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis—Correlation of radiological findings at CT with underlying pathogenesis".
2012:
Takebayashi, Katsushi; Sonoda, Hiromichi; Shimizu, Tomoharu; Ohta, Hiroyuki; Ishida, Mitsuaki; Mekata, Eiji; Endo, Yoshihiro; Tani, Tohru; Tani, Masaji (August 27, 2014).
2014:"Successful surgical approach for a patient with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis after hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a case report and literature review"
659:
Patients with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis have a very high death rate, which ranges from 26% to 58%, and rises with the length of peritoneal dialysis.
411:
with peritoneal calcification and dilated bowel loops with air-fluid levels. The small bowel follow-through may be characterized by delayed transit, distension near
447:. Elevated thickening or enhancement of the colon wall suggests transmural fibrosis or persistent inflammation. Although it hasn't been used as much for diagnosis,
4124:
Korte, Mario R.; Sampimon, Denise E.; Betjes, Michiel G. H.; Krediet, Raymond T. (August 2, 2011). "Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: the state of affairs".
570:
Treating the underlying cause of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is recommended whenever it is feasible. This entails switching from peritoneal dialysis to
1712:
Walker, Jane; Moss, Esther L.; Ganesan, Raji; Hirschowitz, Lynn (2012). "Sclerosing Peritonitis Associated With a Luteinized Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor".
1493:
Ngô, Yann; Messing, Bernard; Marteau, Philippe; Nouël, Olivier; Pasquiou, Alain; Lavergne, Anne; Rambaud, Jean Claude (1992). "Peritoneal sarcoidosis".
1407:
Chew, C. G.; Clarkson, A. R.; Faull, R. J. (April 1, 1997). "Relapsing CAPD peritonitis with rapid peritoneal sclerosis due to Haemophilus influenzae".
3957:
Jagirdar, Rajesh M.; Bozikas, Andreas; Zarogiannis, Sotirios G.; Bartosova, Maria; Schmitt, Claus Peter; Liakopoulos, Vassilios (November 16, 2019).
1856:
Morrow, Ellen H.; Gallo, Amy E.; Melcher, Marc L. (November 10, 2010). "Sclerosing Peritonitis After Kidney Transplantation: A Not-So-Silky Cocoon".
554:. Setting an expiration date, however, is not advised since it may worsen quality of life and raise the risk of complications for patients receiving
65:
is stopped. The diagnosis is verified by macroscopic and/or radiological observations of intestinal encapsulation, calcification, thickening of the
2848:
Lopes Barreto, Deirisa; Struijk, Dirk G.; Krediet, Raymond T. (2015). "Peritoneal Effluent MMP-2 and PAI-1 in Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis".
1799:
Lee, Kyo Won; Cho, Chan Woo; Lee, Nuri; Lee, Sanghoon; Kim, Jong Man; Choi, Gyu-Seong; Kwon, Choon Hyuck David; Joh, Jae-Won; Lee, Suk-Koo (2017).
1450:
Flanigan, Michael; Anderson, Dale; Freeman, Richard M. (1984). "Peritoneal dialysis complicated by fungal peritonitis and peritoneal fibrosis".
451:
probably produces similar results. Benefits include better bowel encasement and peritoneal thickening delineation, as well as the avoidance of
253:(PD) in an Australian survey; for patients on PD for more than 2, 5, 6, and 8 years, the rates were 1.9, 6.4, 10.8, and 19.4%, respectively.
478:
cells. Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is distinguished from peritoneal sclerosis and peritonitis by the transmembrane glycoprotein
4565:
427:
As of right now, the most extensively researched and widely used imaging method for encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis diagnosis is the
3413:
Garosi, Guido; Paolo, Nicola Di; Sacchi, Giovanni; Gaggiotti, Enzo (February 2005). "Sclerosing peritonitis: a nosological entity".
2726:"Transcriptional Patterns in Peritoneal Tissue of Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis, a Complication of Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis"
4335:
906:
Nakamoto, Hidetomo (April 2005). "Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis--a clinician's approach to diagnosis and medical treatment".
1162:
Boulange, Eric (2008). "Peritoneal and systemic inflammation: the benefits of using biocompatible peritoneal dialysis fluids".
1091:
Wieslander, A P (June 1996). "Cytotoxicity of peritoneal dialysis fluid — is it related to glucose breakdown products?".
458:
The histologic results for encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis are not specific and can be confused with those for infectious
384:
The non-specific laboratory results associated with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis are linked to underlying infections,
3249:"Length of Time on Peritoneal Dialysis and Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis — Position Paper for ISPD: 2017 Update"
474:
proliferation, and fibrocollagenous deposition. When inflammation is active, there may be an infiltration of inflammatory
763:
Pepereke, Shingai; Shah, Ankur D; Brown, Edwina A (2023). "Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: Your questions answered".
202:
is present. Less GDP-containing biocompatible solutions are now more frequently used, which lessens peritoneal damage.
528:
brought on by the encapsulation-causing fibrous cocoon. It may be linked to inflammation, ranging from mild to severe.
509:
Inflammatory stage: The patient's symptoms, which include intestinal swelling and partial encapsulation of the bowel,
2943:
Goodlad, Catriona; Tam, Frederick W.K.; Ahmad, Sohail; Bhangal, Gurjeet; North, Bernard V.; Brown, Edwina A. (2014).
596:
Many medications have been used to target the inflammatory component of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis such as
531:
Chronic stage of ileus: The thickening of the encapsulating fibrous cocoon causes patients to experience complete
4386:
2108:"Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis following a peritoneal foreign body reaction to Dacron fibres--a case report"
1235:
Kawanishi, Hideki; Moriishi, Misaki (April 2005). "Epidemiology of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in Japan".
229:, intraperitoneal exposure to particulate matter or disinfectant, abdominal surgery, intraperitoneal infections (
4575:
4391:
597:
4328:
2793:"Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: surgery, sustained drug therapy and treatment of recurrence at 1 year"
997:
Moinuddin, Zia; Summers, Angela; Van Dellen, David; Augustine, Titus; Herrick, Sarah E. (January 5, 2015).
444:
407:, imaging is frequently useful. Advanced encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis may be suggested by abdominal
4362:
636:
439:, which is usually accompanied by proximal bowel dilatation. Increased mesenteric fat density, loculated
4451:
590:
582:
498:
Based on the clinical presentation, encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is classified into four stages:
448:
4216:
1265:
Rigby, R. J.; Hawley, C. M. (January 1, 1998). "Sclerosing peritonitis: the experience in Australia".
4486:
4180:
1969:
Wakabayashi, Hisao; Okano, Keiichi; Suzuki, Yasuyuki (2007). "Clinical Challenges and Images in GI".
4641:
4587:
4481:
4252:
1056:
Jörres, A; Topley, N; Gahl, G M (February 1992). "Biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluids".
337:
treatments is the "first hit" or predisposing factor. This is corroborated by the fact that during
293:
4019:"Estimating risk of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis accounting for the competing risk of death"
4636:
4491:
4321:
155:
4646:
4527:
4441:
4433:
4398:
4381:
949:
Maruyama, Yukio; Nakayama, Masaaki (June 2008). "Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in Japan".
421:
257:
4550:
4471:
3309:"Histological Criteria for Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis – A Standardized Approach"
2469:
Honda, Kazuho; Oda, Hideaki (April 2005). "Pathology of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis".
2371:
Alston, Helen; Fan, Stanley; Nakayama, Masaaki (2017). "Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis".
605:
313:
281:
261:
2784:
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3320:
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2526:
1348:
70:
714:
Augustine, T.; Brown, P.W.; Davies, S.D.; Summers, A.M.; Wilkie, M.E. (January 16, 2009).
8:
4522:
4241:
694:
677:
667:
are the most common causes of death among those with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.
575:
559:
551:
546:
397:
338:
330:
268:
256:
Given that there is a high incidence of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis shortly after
250:
246:
206:
191:
159:
62:
58:
3324:
2741:
2530:
2505:
1801:"Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in liver transplant recipients: a report of 2 cases"
392:
from patients with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis had higher levels of inflammatory
4613:
4570:
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4157:
4112:
4051:
4018:
3993:
3958:
3934:
3901:
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3718:
3622:
3558:
3526:
3474:
3351:
3308:
3142:
3036:
3002:"Accurate definition and management of idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis"
3001:
2977:
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2825:
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2768:
2725:
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2514:
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2140:
2107:
2048:
2013:
1951:
1889:
1833:
1800:
1694:
1637:
1605:"Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis secondary to dermoid cyst rupture: a case report"
1604:
1580:
1545:
1526:
1389:
1197:
Pollock, C A (2001). "Diagnosis and management of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis".
1033:
998:
974:
931:
796:
452:
305:
105:
93:
3391:
1769:
333:, according to which the non-inflammatory peritoneal sclerosis brought on by repeated
49:
is a chronic clinical syndrome with an insidious onset that manifests as chronic
4416:
4149:
4141:
4104:
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4056:
4038:
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1994:
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119:
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2929:
2498:
2354:
2302:
1955:
1893:
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1530:
1393:
978:
935:
585:(TPN) alone; however, making sure the patient receives enough nutrition is crucial.
4463:
4411:
4406:
4133:
4088:
4046:
4030:
3988:
3970:
3959:"Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis: Pathophysiology and Current Treatment Options"
3929:
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350:
96:, and early satiety. In the early stages, these symptoms can be linked to signs of
35:
3626:
2464:
2462:
4257:
3900:
Brown, Michaela C.; Simpson, Keith; Kerssens, Jan J.; Mactier, Robert A. (2009).
3333:
2750:
2692:
2675:
2539:
2209:"Mucormycosis—A Possible Trigger Pathogen for Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis"
1982:
1725:
1674:
417:
334:
163:
4175:
3739:"Blocking TGF-β1 Protects the Peritoneal Membrane from Dialysate-Induced Damage"
2626:"Podoplanin-positive cells are a hallmark of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis"
999:"Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosisâ€"a rare but devastating peritoneal disease"
320:, mechanical or chemical intraperitoneal irritants, infection, and medications.
4603:
4476:
4446:
4352:
4344:
3870:
3654:
3462:
3426:
3173:
2861:
2482:
2459:
2177:
1816:
1210:
1175:
1069:
962:
919:
867:
831:
613:
218:
194:
fluid is heated to sterilize it and these result in the production of advanced
123:
115:
84:
Patients usually present with abdominal symptoms such as altered bowel habits,
61:
is most commonly linked to encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, especially when
4231:
3698:
3602:
3216:
1869:
1369:
776:
4630:
4582:
4517:
4145:
4100:
4042:
3984:
3925:
3878:
3826:
3772:
3706:
3662:
3610:
3566:
3514:
3342:
3284:
3224:
3181:
3130:
3086:
3027:
2968:
2945:"Dialysate Cytokine Levels do not Predict Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis"
2913:
2869:
2816:
2759:
2701:
2651:
2602:
2548:
2444:
2392:
2338:
2286:
2232:
2185:
2131:
2123:
2092:
2039:
1990:
1939:
1877:
1824:
1777:
1733:
1682:
1628:
1620:
1571:
1562:
1514:
1471:
1428:
1377:
1333:
1286:
1140:
1024:
1015:
784:
741:
309:
210:
205:
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis can also occur in patients who are not on
4199:
2808:
2030:
716:"Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis: Clinical Significance and Implications"
403:
When distinguishing encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis from other causes of
4608:
4598:
4560:
4153:
4137:
4108:
4060:
4002:
3943:
3886:
3790:
3754:
3714:
3677:
3670:
3618:
3574:
3522:
3470:
3434:
3399:
3360:
3292:
3275:
3265:
3248:
3232:
3189:
3138:
3094:
3045:
3018:
2986:
2960:
2921:
2877:
2834:
2777:
2709:
2659:
2610:
2566:
2490:
2452:
2400:
2346:
2278:
2250:
2224:
2193:
2149:
2057:
1998:
1947:
1885:
1842:
1741:
1690:
1646:
1589:
1420:
1385:
1341:
1278:
1248:
1218:
1183:
1148:
1042:
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927:
875:
839:
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749:
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555:
385:
362:
301:
297:
234:
230:
226:
135:
97:
50:
4092:
3834:
3797:
3633:
1785:
1522:
1479:
1436:
1294:
1104:
1077:
154:
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is typically observed in patients with
4594:
4373:
4292:
4287:
4034:
3975:
3917:
3849:
2642:
2625:
2594:
2419:"Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: incidence, predictors, and outcomes"
2294:
2207:
Tan, J.; Manickam, R.; Pisharam, J.; Telisinghe, P.; Chong, V.H. (2012).
2005:
1325:
689:
463:
459:
432:
412:
408:
374:
373:
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is diagnosed clinically, supported by
277:
272:
214:
131:
126:
are linked to the late stages of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. The
3763:
3078:
2309:
2106:
Arnadottir, M.; Jonasson, J. G.; Indridason, O. S. (February 11, 2011).
1132:
2435:
2418:
1930:
1921:
1506:
609:
558:
via tunneled lines in cases where they had no symptoms while receiving
479:
471:
436:
378:
183:
171:
127:
66:
4301:
3818:
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3122:
2412:
2410:
2330:
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715:
4512:
4507:
4263:
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389:
317:
195:
3153:
1155:
3956:
2407:
1310:
1117:
996:
644:
624:
514:
487:
475:
393:
342:
143:
89:
4268:
640:
346:
4313:
3543:
2263:
812:
810:
503:
440:
428:
222:
199:
187:
179:
175:
167:
109:
101:
2936:
2070:
846:
4532:
4226:
4211:
3447:
852:
664:
518:
510:
467:
85:
3735:
2722:
1754:
1354:
1260:
1258:
816:
807:
589:
is frequently not tolerated due to obstruction, necessitating
2791:
Cho, R.; Ghag, D.; Karim, M. A.; Lo, C. (November 11, 2015).
2206:
130:
become gradually covered with a fibrous cocoon, which causes
3202:
2105:
2011:
1906:
1711:
1546:"Encapsulating peritonitis and familial Mediterranean fever"
1537:
361:, increased extracellular matrix component production , and
3912:(7). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 1222–1229.
3899:
3749:(9). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 1682–1695.
3376:
3245:
3101:
2847:
2511:
2064:
1792:
1255:
713:
4087:(1). Radiological Society of North America (RSNA): 62–77.
3902:"Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis in the New Millennium"
3412:
2623:
2579:
2416:
1705:
1501:(11). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 1776–1780.
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
435:
loops are frequently connected by a thickened, encircling
3597:(8). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 1423–1428.
2617:
2366:
2364:
1720:(2). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 141–144.
1127:(2). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 480–489.
264:
seems to increase the risk of developing this condition.
4015:
3639:
2716:
1230:
1228:
1190:
535:. At this point, there's not much, if any, inflammation.
4132:(9). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 528–538.
3693:(3). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 977–982.
3683:
1864:(2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 307–310.
1669:(1). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 30–34.
1659:
1449:
1364:(2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 148–152.
1306:
1304:
882:
3906:
Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
3803:
3587:
3441:
3159:
2942:
2890:
2361:
1968:
1609:
The Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
1492:
1486:
1400:
992:
990:
988:
756:
623:
For patients who have already experienced significant
3855:
3581:
3299:
2676:"miR-21 Promotes Fibrogenesis in Peritoneal Dialysis"
2156:
1900:
1225:
381:, and based on a constellation of clinical findings.
4189:
3372:
3370:
3305:
3107:
2315:
1615:(5). Royal College of Surgeons of England: e39–e40.
1596:
1301:
707:
3491:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3055:
2993:
1962:
1849:
1556:(18). Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.: 2844–2846.
1111:
985:
631:might not be enough. A potent anti-fibrotic agent,
502:Pre-encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis stage: Mild
190:degradation products (GDPs). GDPs are created when
3406:
2573:
2024:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 57.
1855:
1653:
1443:
388:, and inflammation. It has been demonstrated that
186:, while low pH inhibits the production of harmful
3367:
2525:(11). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e112050.
2370:
1406:
1234:
762:
424:may be due to intraperitoneal echogenic strands.
4628:
3319:(11). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e48647.
3196:
3052:
3012:(2). Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.: 675–687.
1714:International Journal of Gynecological Pathology
1663:International Journal of Gynecological Pathology
1320:(10). Oxford University Press (OUP): 3209–3215.
1055:
948:
4029:(9). Oxford University Press (OUP): 1585–1591.
4009:
2841:
2736:(2). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e56389.
2636:(3). Oxford University Press (OUP): 1033–1041.
1049:
598:mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors
3893:
3239:
2790:
1058:The International Journal of Artificial Organs
4329:
3743:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
3073:(1). American Roentgen Ray Society: W50–W54.
2589:(3). Oxford University Press (OUP): 480–486.
2273:(4). Oxford University Press (OUP): 229–235.
2162:
2118:(2). Oxford University Press (OUP): 107–109.
2099:
1758:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
1748:
1415:(4). Oxford University Press (OUP): 821–822.
1273:(1). Oxford University Press (OUP): 154–159.
1121:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
3537:
2200:
1798:
1602:
209:but are suffering from other illnesses like
53:accompanied by sporadic, acute, or subacute
3963:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
1811:(3). The Korean Surgical Society: 164–167.
1264:
1084:
4336:
4322:
3485:
2894:European Journal of Clinical Investigation
1090:
4050:
3992:
3974:
3933:
3780:
3762:
3350:
3332:
3274:
3264:
3035:
3017:
2976:
2824:
2767:
2749:
2691:
2641:
2556:
2538:
2434:
2257:
2240:
2139:
2047:
2029:
1929:
1832:
1805:Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
1636:
1579:
1561:
1032:
1014:
731:
466:cell layer is microscopically denuded by
365:, which forms a fibrocollagenous cocoon.
146:and strangulation, infection, and death.
2468:
1161:
905:
170:content and acidic pH cause harm to the
2999:
1196:
942:
4629:
2666:
4317:
3649:(5_suppl). SAGE Publications: 53–57.
2884:
1543:
1093:Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation
292:Implicated triggers include systemic
79:
4566:Abderhalden–Kaufmann–Lignac syndrome
3687:International Urology and Nephrology
3591:International Urology and Nephrology
1358:Clinical and Experimental Nephrology
462:or simple peritoneal sclerosis. The
4023:Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
3380:American Journal of Kidney Diseases
2850:American Journal of Kidney Diseases
2630:Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
2583:Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
2166:American Journal of Kidney Diseases
1409:Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
1314:Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
1267:Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
506:, no inflammation, and no symptoms.
182:and diffusion gradients across the
13:
4343:
4071:
3559:10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.07.060
357:, which leads to the depletion of
44:Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis
25:Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis
14:
4658:
4169:
3643:Peritoneal Dialysis International
3451:Peritoneal Dialysis International
3415:Peritoneal Dialysis International
3259:(4). SAGE Publications: 362–374.
3253:Peritoneal Dialysis International
3067:American Journal of Roentgenology
3006:World Journal of Gastroenterology
2955:(6). SAGE Publications: 594–604.
2949:Peritoneal Dialysis International
2680:The American Journal of Pathology
2471:Peritoneal Dialysis International
2219:(4). SAGE Publications: 479–481.
2213:Peritoneal Dialysis International
1550:World Journal of Gastroenterology
1237:Peritoneal Dialysis International
1199:Peritoneal Dialysis International
1164:Peritoneal Dialysis International
951:Peritoneal Dialysis International
908:Peritoneal Dialysis International
856:Peritoneal Dialysis International
820:Peritoneal Dialysis International
765:Peritoneal Dialysis International
493:
482:, which is present on peritoneal
420:. The appearance of a trilaminar
284:, and specific fungal organisms.
276:contamination, specifically from
2906:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02353.x
2385:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2016.10.010
1603:Fossey, SJ; Simson, JNL (2011).
1452:The American Journal of Medicine
2803:(nov11 1). BMJ: bcr2015211490.
1858:Digestive Diseases and Sciences
1495:Digestive Diseases and Sciences
670:
240:
2085:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.01.019
726:(2). S. Karger AG: c149–c154.
1:
3553:(7). Elsevier BV: 2368–2370.
3392:10.1016/S0272-6386(04)00953-9
2686:(7). Elsevier BV: 1537–1550.
1770:10.1016/s0002-9378(97)70581-7
700:
539:
3813:(6). S. Karger AG: 697–702.
3334:10.1371/journal.pone.0048647
2751:10.1371/journal.pone.0056389
2693:10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.03.007
2540:10.1371/journal.pone.0112050
2429:(10). Elsevier BV: 904–912.
2319:Pediatric Blood & Cancer
2073:Journal of Pediatric Surgery
1983:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.01.060
1977:(3). Elsevier BV: 854–1210.
1726:10.1097/pgp.0b013e3182307b28
1675:10.1097/pgp.0b013e31827d1a65
1464:10.1016/0002-9343(84)91017-9
565:
368:
323:
108:, and/or blood-stained
55:gastrointestinal obstruction
7:
4363:Template:Glomerular disease
3865:(2). Elsevier BV: 219–224.
3547:Transplantation Proceedings
3211:(2). Elsevier BV: 192–193.
3205:Digestive and Liver Disease
3168:(1). Elsevier BV: 103–109.
2856:(5). Elsevier BV: 748–753.
2172:(1). Elsevier BV: 198–202.
2079:(5). Elsevier BV: e31–e33.
1764:(3). Elsevier BV: 721–722.
1009:. Frontiers Media SA: 470.
683:
637:estrogen receptor modulator
517:. There is an exudation of
353:to transdifferentiate into
287:
158:(ESRD) receiving long-term
10:
4663:
4452:Balkan endemic nephropathy
3871:10.1016/j.surg.2012.07.033
3655:10.1177/089686080802805s11
3463:10.1177/089686080802800314
3427:10.1177/089686080502503S28
3174:10.1016/j.crad.2013.09.004
2862:10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.10.022
2483:10.1177/089686080502504S04
2379:(1). Elsevier BV: 93–102.
2267:British Journal of Surgery
2178:10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.06.043
1817:10.4174/astr.2017.92.3.164
1211:10.1177/089686080102103S10
1176:10.1177/089686080802800106
1070:10.1177/039139889201500203
963:10.1177/089686080802803s37
920:10.1177/089686080502504S05
868:10.1177/089686080502504S12
832:10.1177/089686080002004S04
654:
583:total parenteral nutrition
449:magnetic resonance imaging
267:A frequent side effect of
4543:
4500:
4487:Renovascular hypertension
4462:
4432:
4372:
4351:
4278:
4193:
4126:Nature Reviews Nephrology
3699:10.1007/s11255-012-0167-3
3603:10.1007/s11255-015-1015-z
3217:10.1016/j.dld.2013.08.136
1910:Pediatric Transplantation
1870:10.1007/s10620-010-1471-3
1370:10.1007/s10157-005-0349-8
777:10.1177/08968608221125606
720:Nephron Clinical Practice
647:in the fibrosis process.
198:end products (AGEs) when
149:
122:, and the presence of an
29:
24:
4588:Renal papillary necrosis
4482:Hypertensive nephropathy
2900:(12). Wiley: 1067–1073.
1621:10.1308/147870811x582495
1563:10.3748/wjg.v11.i18.2844
1458:(5). Elsevier BV: A113.
1016:10.3389/fphys.2014.00470
524:Encapsulation: Signs of
4492:Renal cortical necrosis
2809:10.1136/bcr-2015-211490
2112:Clinical Kidney Journal
2031:10.1186/1471-2482-14-57
1003:Frontiers in Physiology
486:and binds inflammatory
217:, peritoneal and intra-
178:concentrations promote
156:end-stage renal disease
4528:Chronic kidney disease
4442:Interstitial nephritis
4399:Acute tubular necrosis
4382:Renal tubular acidosis
4138:10.1038/nrneph.2011.93
3755:10.1681/asn.2010111197
3266:10.3747/pdi.2017.00018
3019:10.3748/wjg.v21.i2.675
3000:Akbulut, Sami (2015).
2961:10.3747/pdi.2012.00305
2373:Seminars in Nephrology
2279:10.1002/bjs.1800640402
2225:10.3747/pdi.2011.00241
2124:10.1093/ndtplus/sfq202
521:and mild inflammation.
405:intestinal obstruction
349:stimulates peritoneal
298:inflammatory disorders
4551:Analgesic nephropathy
4472:Renal artery stenosis
4093:10.1148/rg.2019180108
3969:(22). MDPI AG: 5765.
2325:(3). Wiley: 470–472.
1544:Dabak, Resat (2005).
639:(SERM) that inhibits
606:mycophenolate mofetil
314:organ transplantation
306:gynecologic neoplasms
282:Staphylococcus aureus
262:organ transplantation
258:renal transplantation
221:, chronic peritoneal
4556:Renal osteodystrophy
4185:American Kidney Fund
3976:10.3390/ijms20225765
3918:10.2215/cjn.01260209
3501:(S1). Wiley: 27–30.
2423:Kidney International
1916:(5). Wiley: E125-9.
1421:10.1093/ndt/12.4.821
1279:10.1093/ndt/13.1.154
4523:Acute renal failure
4181:Peritoneal dialysis
3325:2012PLoSO...748647B
3117:(1). Wiley: 19–24.
3079:10.2214/ajr.09.3175
2742:2013PLoSO...856389R
2531:2014PLoSO...9k2050A
1133:10.1681/asn.v132480
695:Peritoneal dialysis
678:peritoneal dialysis
576:peritoneal dialysis
560:peritoneal dialysis
552:peritoneal dialysis
547:peritoneal dialysis
526:intestinal blockage
398:peritoneal dialysis
339:peritoneal dialysis
331:peritoneal dialysis
269:peritoneal dialysis
251:peritoneal dialysis
247:peritoneal dialysis
207:peritoneal dialysis
192:peritoneal dialysis
160:peritoneal dialysis
63:peritoneal dialysis
59:Peritoneal dialysis
4614:Reflux nephropathy
4571:Diabetes insipidus
4353:Glomerular disease
4279:External resources
4035:10.1093/ndt/gfz034
3162:Clinical Radiology
2643:10.1093/ndt/gfq488
2595:10.1093/ndt/gfv440
2436:10.1038/ki.2010.16
1922:10.1111/petr.12110
1507:10.1007/bf01299875
1326:10.1093/ndt/gfp008
453:ionizing radiation
225:, intraperitoneal
118:, fullness, overt
80:Signs and symptoms
4624:
4623:
4501:General syndromes
4422:Liddle's syndrome
4417:Gitelman syndrome
4311:
4310:
3819:10.1159/000018681
3807:Digestive Surgery
3507:10.1111/nep.12196
3123:10.1111/nep.12718
2331:10.1002/pbc.22325
733:10.1159/000191214
629:immunosuppression
533:bowel obstruction
484:mesothelial cells
359:mesothelial cells
355:mesenchymal cells
351:mesothelial cells
219:abdominal cancers
140:bowel obstruction
120:bowel obstruction
41:
40:
19:Medical condition
16:Medical condition
4654:
4412:Bartter syndrome
4407:Fanconi syndrome
4338:
4331:
4324:
4315:
4314:
4191:
4190:
4165:
4120:
4065:
4064:
4054:
4013:
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3439:
3438:
3421:(3): S110–S112.
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2828:
2797:BMJ Case Reports
2788:
2782:
2781:
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2720:
2714:
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2670:
2664:
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2509:
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2457:
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2414:
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2404:
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2359:
2358:
2313:
2307:
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2255:
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2204:
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2197:
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2153:
2143:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2051:
2033:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1971:Gastroenterology
1966:
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1108:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1036:
1018:
994:
983:
982:
957:(3): S201–S204.
946:
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880:
879:
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814:
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735:
711:
237:administration.
51:undernourishment
36:Gastroenterology
22:
21:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4642:Kidney diseases
4627:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4539:
4496:
4458:
4428:
4368:
4347:
4342:
4312:
4307:
4306:
4274:
4273:
4202:
4172:
4123:
4077:
4074:
4072:Further reading
4069:
4068:
4014:
4010:
3955:
3951:
3898:
3894:
3854:
3850:
3802:
3798:
3734:
3730:
3682:
3678:
3638:
3634:
3586:
3582:
3542:
3538:
3490:
3486:
3446:
3442:
3411:
3407:
3375:
3368:
3304:
3300:
3276:1854/LU-8529222
3244:
3240:
3201:
3197:
3158:
3154:
3106:
3102:
3062:
3053:
2998:
2994:
2941:
2937:
2889:
2885:
2846:
2842:
2789:
2785:
2721:
2717:
2671:
2667:
2622:
2618:
2578:
2574:
2510:
2506:
2467:
2460:
2415:
2408:
2369:
2362:
2314:
2310:
2262:
2258:
2205:
2201:
2161:
2157:
2104:
2100:
2069:
2065:
2010:
2006:
1967:
1963:
1905:
1901:
1854:
1850:
1797:
1793:
1753:
1749:
1710:
1706:
1658:
1654:
1601:
1597:
1542:
1538:
1491:
1487:
1448:
1444:
1405:
1401:
1353:
1349:
1309:
1302:
1263:
1256:
1233:
1226:
1195:
1191:
1160:
1156:
1116:
1112:
1089:
1085:
1054:
1050:
995:
986:
947:
943:
904:
883:
851:
847:
815:
808:
761:
757:
712:
708:
703:
686:
673:
657:
635:is a selective
614:corticosteroids
587:Enteral feeding
574:in the case of
568:
542:
496:
418:ultrasonography
371:
326:
290:
243:
152:
82:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4660:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4637:Renal dialysis
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4604:Hydronephrosis
4592:
4591:
4590:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4477:Renal ischemia
4474:
4468:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4447:Pyelonephritis
4438:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4401:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4378:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4357:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4345:Kidney disease
4341:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4318:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4295:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4260:
4249:
4234:
4219:
4203:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:Classification
4188:
4187:
4178:
4171:
4170:External links
4168:
4167:
4166:
4121:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4008:
3949:
3892:
3848:
3796:
3728:
3676:
3632:
3580:
3536:
3484:
3457:(3): 271–276.
3440:
3405:
3386:(4): 729–737.
3366:
3298:
3238:
3195:
3152:
3100:
3051:
2992:
2935:
2883:
2840:
2783:
2715:
2665:
2616:
2572:
2504:
2477:(4): S19–S29.
2458:
2406:
2360:
2308:
2256:
2199:
2155:
2098:
2063:
2004:
1961:
1899:
1848:
1791:
1747:
1704:
1652:
1595:
1536:
1485:
1442:
1399:
1347:
1300:
1254:
1243:(4): S14–S18.
1224:
1205:(3): S61–S66.
1189:
1154:
1110:
1099:(6): 958–959.
1083:
1048:
984:
941:
914:(4): S30–S38.
881:
862:(4): S83–S95.
845:
826:(4): S43–S55.
806:
771:(2): 119–127.
755:
705:
704:
702:
699:
698:
697:
692:
685:
682:
672:
669:
656:
653:
567:
564:
541:
538:
537:
536:
529:
522:
507:
495:
494:Classification
492:
386:malnourishment
370:
367:
325:
322:
289:
286:
245:The length of
242:
239:
151:
148:
124:abdominal mass
116:Abdominal pain
81:
78:
39:
38:
33:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4659:
4648:
4647:Rare diseases
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4583:Renal papilla
4581:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4518:Renal failure
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
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4453:
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4408:
4405:
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4402:
4400:
4397:
4393:
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4385:
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4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4339:
4334:
4332:
4327:
4325:
4320:
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4299:
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4294:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4081:RadioGraphics
4076:
4075:
4062:
4058:
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4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4012:
4004:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3953:
3945:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3923:
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3896:
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3884:
3880:
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3860:
3852:
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3816:
3812:
3808:
3800:
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3783:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3756:
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3740:
3732:
3724:
3720:
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3708:
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3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3680:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
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3652:
3648:
3644:
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3628:
3624:
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3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3584:
3576:
3572:
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3564:
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3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3242:
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3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3199:
3191:
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3179:
3175:
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3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3104:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
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3068:
3060:
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3056:
3047:
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3033:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
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2988:
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2979:
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2915:
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2899:
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2887:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
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2844:
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2832:
2827:
2822:
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2802:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
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2727:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
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2472:
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2159:
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2147:
2142:
2137:
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2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1852:
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1587:
1582:
1577:
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1555:
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1547:
1540:
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1516:
1512:
1508:
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1500:
1496:
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1473:
1469:
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1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
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1395:
1391:
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1383:
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1284:
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1272:
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1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1150:
1146:
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1130:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
991:
989:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
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956:
952:
945:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
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902:
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898:
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890:
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886:
877:
873:
869:
865:
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849:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
813:
811:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
759:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
729:
725:
721:
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706:
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693:
691:
688:
687:
681:
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668:
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652:
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634:
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516:
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508:
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434:
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406:
401:
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391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
321:
319:
315:
311:
310:endometriosis
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:rheumatologic
285:
283:
279:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
254:
252:
248:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:endometriosis
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
166:fluid's high
165:
161:
157:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
111:
107:
104:and elevated
103:
100:such as
99:
95:
91:
87:
77:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:
37:
34:
32:
28:
23:
4609:Pyonephrosis
4561:Nephroptosis
4434:Interstitium
4360:
4297:
4286:
4262:
4251:
4236:
4221:
4206:
4129:
4125:
4084:
4080:
4026:
4022:
4011:
3966:
3962:
3952:
3909:
3905:
3895:
3862:
3858:
3851:
3810:
3806:
3799:
3764:10486/668378
3746:
3742:
3731:
3690:
3686:
3679:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3594:
3590:
3583:
3550:
3546:
3539:
3498:
3494:
3487:
3454:
3450:
3449:sclerosis".
3443:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3383:
3379:
3316:
3312:
3301:
3256:
3252:
3241:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3114:
3110:
3103:
3070:
3066:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2733:
2729:
2718:
2683:
2679:
2668:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2522:
2518:
2507:
2474:
2470:
2426:
2422:
2376:
2372:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2216:
2212:
2202:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2021:
2017:
2007:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1761:
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4576:Nephrogenic
4288:Radiopaedia
2018:BMC Surgery
1931:11336/23404
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476:mononuclear
464:mesothelial
460:peritonitis
445:perforation
433:Small bowel
413:small bowel
409:plain films
375:radiography
278:Pseudomonas
273:peritonitis
215:sarcoidosis
132:weight loss
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4302:Q105393852
4176:StatPearls
3495:Nephrology
3111:Nephrology
701:References
610:colchicine
540:Prevention
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422:colon wall
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184:peritoneum
172:peritoneum
128:intestines
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4508:Nephritis
4269:440663004
4264:SNOMED CT
4146:1759-5061
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3879:0039-6060
3827:0253-4886
3773:1046-6673
3707:0301-1623
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3611:0301-1623
3567:0041-1345
3515:1320-5358
3343:1932-6203
3285:0896-8608
3225:1590-8658
3182:0009-9260
3131:1320-5358
3087:0361-803X
3028:1007-9327
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2870:0272-6386
2817:1757-790X
2760:1932-6203
2702:0002-9440
2652:0931-0509
2603:0931-0509
2549:1932-6203
2445:0085-2538
2393:0270-9295
2339:1545-5009
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2186:0272-6386
2132:2048-8505
2093:0022-3468
2040:1471-2482
1991:0016-5085
1940:1397-3142
1878:0163-2116
1825:2288-6575
1778:0002-9378
1734:0277-1691
1683:0277-1691
1629:0035-8843
1572:1007-9327
1515:0163-2116
1472:0002-9343
1429:0931-0509
1378:1342-1751
1334:1460-2385
1287:0931-0509
1141:1046-6673
1025:1664-042X
801:252682098
785:0896-8608
742:1660-2110
633:tamoxifen
566:Treatment
488:cytokines
396:than did
394:cytokines
390:dialysate
369:Diagnosis
343:cytokines
324:Mechanism
318:cirrhosis
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162:therapy.
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31:Specialty
4464:Vascular
4403:Genetic
4387:proximal
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3190:24209872
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625:fibrosis
515:diarrhea
335:dialysis
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4258:D056627
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