497:
391:
549:
332:
402:, who was looking for a new model and muse. It was then that Emma became the subject of many of Romney's most famous portraits, and soon became London's biggest celebrity. So began Romney's lifelong obsession with her, sketching her nude and clothed in many poses that he later used to create paintings in her absence. Through the popularity of Romney's work and particularly of his striking-looking young model, Emma became well known in society circles, under the name of "Emma Hart". She was witty, intelligent, a quick learner, elegant and, as paintings of her attest, extremely beautiful. Romney was fascinated by her looks and ability to adapt to the ideals of the age. Romney and other artists painted her in many guises, foreshadowing her later "attitudes".
864:
515:
445:
463:
583:
533:
482:
660:
1076:
433:
946:. On 1 January, Nelson's promotion to vice admiral was confirmed and he prepared to go to sea on the same night. Infuriated by Fanny's handing him an ultimatum to choose between her and his mistress, Nelson chose Emma and decided to take steps to formalise separation from his wife. He never saw her again after being hustled out of town by an agent. While he was at sea, Nelson and Emma exchanged many letters, using a secret code to discuss Emma's condition. Emma kept her first daughter Emma Carew's existence a secret from Nelson, and Sir William continued to provide for her.
62:
422:
back. Sir
William, then 55 and newly widowed, had arrived back in London for the first time in over five years. Emma's famous beauty was by then well known to Sir William, so much so that he even agreed to pay the expenses for her journey to ensure her speedy arrival. He had long been happily married until the death of his wife in 1782, and he liked female companionship. His home in Naples was well known all over the world for hospitality and refinement. He needed a hostess for his salon, and from what he knew about Emma, he thought she would be the perfect choice.
406:
360:
2762:
720:
751:
923:
to see Emma pregnant. The affair soon became public knowledge and, much to the delight of the newspapers, Fanny did not accept the affair as placidly as Sir
William. Emma was winning the media war at that point, and every fine lady was experimenting with her "look." Nelson himself contributed to his wife Fanny's misery by being cruel to her when not in Emma's company. Emma's husband, Sir William, was mercilessly lampooned in the press. However, his sister observed that he doted on Emma and she was very attached to him.
1138:
829:
564:
1006:. Around this time, Emma finally told Nelson about her daughter Emma Carew, now known as Emma Hartley, and found that she had had nothing to worry about; he invited her to stay at Merton and soon grew fond of "Emma's relative". An unpublished letter shows that Nelson assumed responsibility for upkeep of young Emma at this time. Emma continued to display her attitudes to audiences, and at this point of her life grew obese and her drinking intensified. In April 13,
607:
825:, with his step-son Josiah Nisbet, then 18 years old. By this time, Nelson's adventures had prematurely aged him; he had lost an arm and most of his teeth, and was afflicted by coughing spells. Before his arrival, Emma had written a letter passionately expressing her admiration for him. Nelson even wrote effusively of Emma to his increasingly estranged wife. Emma and Sir William escorted Nelson to their home, the Palazzo Sessa.
1124:. 'Show him in directly,' I said. He came in, and with a pale countenance and faint voice, said, 'We have gained a great Victory.' – 'Never mind your Victory,' I said. 'My letters – give me my letters' – Captain Whitby was unable to speak – tears in his eyes and a deathly paleness over his face made me comprehend him. I believe I gave a scream and fell back, and for ten hours I could neither speak nor shed a tear.
1190:, but could not bring herself to relinquish Merton. Her brother, William, blackmailed her into giving him money, and Mrs Cadogan's sister's family, the Connors, were expecting handouts. Emma Carew came for a short summer visit in late June 1806, at which point Sir Harry Fetherstonhaugh sent ÂŁ500 for the benefit of mother and daughter. Emma hosted and employed James Harrison for six months to write a two-volume
743:, and the loose-fitting garments she often wore when modelling for Romney. She would pair these tunics with a few large shawls or veils, draping herself in folds of cloth and posing in such a way as to evoke popular images from Greco-Roman mythology. This cross between postures, dance and acting was first revealed to guests in the spring of 1787 by Sir William at his home in Naples. It formed a sort of
387:, at this time a village on the rural outskirts of London. At Greville's request, she changed her name to "Mrs Emma Hart", dressed in modest outfits in subdued colours and eschewed a social life. He arranged for Emma's mother to live with her as housekeeper and chaperone. Greville also taught Emma to enunciate more elegantly, and after a while, started to invite some of his friends to meet her.
603:
to enjoy life in Naples and responded to Sir
William's intense courtship just before Christmas in 1786. They fell in love, Sir William forgot about his plan to take her on as a temporary mistress, and Emma moved into his apartments, leaving her mother downstairs in the ground floor rooms. Emma was unable to attend Court yet, but Sir William took her to every other party, assembly and outing.
705:, but this offer was turned down. Sir William commissioned many portraits of Emma, although not for their sentimental value; he almost always sold them for a profit, usually in England. M. de Talleyrand, the youngest son of the ambassador at Naples, responded to a remark about Sir William's interest in the arts by saying "Rather, it is the arts that look out for Sir William's interests".
1100:
and Sarah's "obstreperous son Horace" and their daughter
Charlotte, who was referred to as Emma's "foster daughter" in a letter. Nelson urged her to keep Horatia at Merton, and when his return seemed imminent in 1804, Emma ran up bills on furnishing and decorating Merton. Five-year-old Horatia came to live at Merton in May 1805. There were reports that she took holidays with Emma Carew.
1159:. Emma received £2000, Merton, and £500 per annum from the Bronte estate – much less than she had when Nelson was alive, and not enough to maintain Merton. In spite of Nelson's status as a national hero, the instructions he left to the government to provide for Emma and Horatia were ignored; they also ignored his wishes that she should sing at his funeral.
977:(later King George IV) became infatuated with Emma, leading Nelson to be consumed by jealousy, and inspiring a remarkable letter by Sir William to Nelson, assuring him that she was being faithful. In late February, Nelson returned to London and met his daughter at Mrs Gibson's. Nelson's family were aware of the pregnancy, and his clergyman brother
1129:
from her (William being elated upon hearing that Nelson had not changed his will), she relied on Nelson's sisters (Kitty
Matcham and Susanna Bolton) for moral support and company. Like her, the Boltons and Matchams had spent lavishly in expectation of Nelson's victorious return, and Emma gave them and other of his friends and relations money.
1051:, and they rushed to have Horatia christened at Marylebone Parish Church before he left. On her baptism record, her name was recorded as Horatia Nelson Thompson, and her date of birth falsely recorded as 29 October 1800 in order to continue the pretence that she had been born in Naples and was godchild of Emma and Nelson, according to
1096:
with Mrs Gibson on
Titchfield Street. Emma kept the infant's death a secret from the press (her burial is unrecorded), kept her deep grief from Nelson's family and found it increasingly difficult to cope alone. She reportedly distracted herself by gambling, and succumbed to binges of heavy drinking and eating and spending lavishly.
993:, a small ramshackle house at Merton, near Wimbledon, for ÂŁ9,000, borrowing money from his friend Davison. He gave her free rein with spending to improve the property, and her vision was to transform the house into a celebration of his genius. There they lived together openly, with Sir William and Emma's mother, in a
922:
Upon arrival in London on 8 November, the three of them took suites at Nerot's Hotel after a missed communication from Nelson to his wife about receiving the party at their home, Roundwood. Lady Nelson and Nelson's father arrived and they all dined at the hotel. Nelson's wife Fanny was deeply unhappy
375:
Greville took her in as his mistress on condition that the child was fostered out. Once the child (Emma Carew) was born, she was removed to be raised by her great-grandmother at
Hawarden for her first three years, and subsequently (after a short spell in London with her mother) deposited with Mr John
1222:
In early 1813, she petitioned the prince of Wales, the government and friends, but all of her requests failed, and she was obliged to have an auction of many of her possessions, including many Nelson relics, at low prices. However she continued to borrow money to maintain appearances. Public opinion
1099:
Emma received several marriage proposals during 1804, all wealthy men, but she was still in love with Nelson and believed that he would become wealthy with prize money and leave her rich in his will, and she refused them all. She continued to entertain and help Nelson's relatives, especially
William
1095:
She was desperately lonely, preoccupied with attempting to turn Merton Place into the grand home Nelson desired, suffering from several ailments and frantic for his return. The child, a girl (reportedly named Emma), died about 6 weeks after her birth in early 1804, and
Horatia became ill at her home
844:
Emma nursed Nelson under her husband's roof and arranged a party with 1,800 guests to celebrate his 40th birthday on 29 September. After the party, Emma became Nelson's secretary, translator and political facilitator. They soon fell in love and began an affair. Hamilton showed admiration and respect
643:
The newly married couple returned to Naples after two days. After the marriage, Greville transferred the cost of Emma Carew's upkeep to Sir
William, and suggested that he might move her to an establishment befitting the stepdaughter of an envoy. However, Sir William preferred to forget about her for
1182:
She spent 1806 to 1808 keeping up the act, continuing to spend on parties and alterations to Merton to make it a monument to Nelson. Goods that Nelson had ordered arrived and had to be paid for. The annual annuity of ÂŁ800 from Sir William's estate was not enough to pay off the debts and keep up the
1035:
intended to give him some peace and quiet, looking to Emma to set fashions in dress, home decoration and even dinner party menus. By the autumn of 1803, Sir William's health was declining, at the same time that the peace with France was disintegrating. A "Children's Ball" was thrown after New Year,
602:
After about six months of living in apartments in the Palazzo Sessa with her mother (separately from Sir William) and begging Greville to come and fetch her, Emma came to understand that he had cast her off. She was furious when she realised what Greville had planned for her, but eventually started
421:
Greville's marriage would prove useful to Sir William, as it relieved him of having Greville as a poor relation. To promote his plan, Greville suggested to Sir William that Emma would make a very pleasing mistress, assuring him that, once married to Henrietta Middleton, he would come and fetch Emma
1234:
on 1 July 1814, with ÂŁ50 in her purse. Initially taking apartments at the expensive Dessein's Hotel, she initially maintained a social life and fine dining by relying on creditors. Her old housekeeper, Dame Francis, came to run the household and hired other servants. However soon she was deeply in
413:
In 1783, Greville needed to find a rich wife to replenish his finances, and found a fit in the form of eighteen-year-old heiress Henrietta Middleton. Emma would be a problem, as he disliked being known as her lover (this having become apparent to all through her fame in Romney's artworks), and his
1265:
Henry Cadogan cared for the 14-year-old Horatia in the aftermath of Emma's death and paid for her travel to Dover. The Matchams took her in to care for their younger children until she was sent to live with the Boltons two years later, Susanna having died in 1813. Horatia subsequently married the
1178:
Relations between William and Emma became strained, and he refused to give her the ÂŁ500 pension due to her. Emma was especially hurt by Lady Charlotte's rebuff, partly because she had spent about ÂŁ2000 paying for her education, clothes, presents and holidays and because she had grown fond of her.
1128:
Emma lay in bed prostrate with grief for many weeks, often receiving visitors in tears. It was some weeks before she heard that Nelson's last words were of her and that he had begged the nation to take care of her and Horatia. After Nelson's brother William and his wife Sarah distanced themselves
1103:
After a brief visit to England in August 1805, Nelson once again had to return to service. Emma received letters from him on 1, 7 and 13 October. On the ship, he wrote a note intended as a codicil to his will requesting that, in return for his legacy to King and Country that they should give Emma
1022:
on 25 March 1802, Nelson was released from active service, but wanted to keep his new-found position in society by maintaining an aura of wealth, and Emma worked hard to live up to this dream. Nelson's father became seriously ill in April, but Nelson did not visit him in Norfolk, staying home to
997:
that fascinated the public. Emma turned herself to winning over Nelson's family, nursing his 80-year-old father Edmund for 10 days at Merton, who loved her and thought of moving into the home with them, but he could not bear to leave his beloved Norfolk. Emma also made herself useful to Nelson's
813:
After four years of marriage, Emma had despaired of having children with Sir William, although she wrote of him as "the best husband and friend". It seems likely that he was sterile. She once again tried to persuade him to allow her daughter to come and live with them in the Palazzo Sessa as her
900:
Nelson's recall to Britain shortly afterwards coincided with the government finally granting Hamilton's request for relief from his post in Naples. Emma must have become pregnant around April 1800. Nelson, Emma, her mother and William travelled together—taking the longest possible route back to
1209:
hosted a group of influential financiers to help organise her finances and sell Merton. It was eventually sold in April 1809. However, her lavish spending continued, and a combination of this and the steady depletion of funds due to people fleecing her meant that she remained in debt, although
887:
led by members of the aristocracy; the common people did not agree with the revolution. The French troops were not welcome, but the royal family fled to Sicily. From here, Nelson tried to help the royal family put down the revolutionaries. He had no support from the British government. He even
1039:
Soon afterwards, Sir William collapsed at 23 Piccadilly and on 6 April died in Emma's arms. Charles Greville was the executor of the estate and he instructed her to leave 23 Piccadilly, but for the sake of respectability, she had to keep an address separate from Nelson's and so moved into 11
425:
Greville did not inform Emma of his plan, but instead in 1785 suggested the trip as a prolonged holiday in Naples while he (Greville) was away in Scotland on business, not long after Emma's mother had suffered a stroke. Emma was thus sent to Naples, supposedly for six to eight months, little
1044:, not far away, a couple of months later. The artist Le Brun, who visited Emma in 1802, remarked that Emma did not seem convincingly moved by her husband's death, and had 'grown horribly fat' in this point of time (the last time they had met was in Naples, when Nelson was courting Emma).
2787:
1262:, the trustee of her annuity and the person she sought for financial assistance. To enable the creditor to collect his reward, Greville got a copy of the death certificate from the Calais Mairie. Colonel "Wellbred" as he was called finally closed all his former aunt in law's debts.
1170:
sent the codicil to Nelson's will to his solicitor with a note saying that nothing could be done; instead, the Boltons and Matchams received ÂŁ10,000 each (but still left their adolescent daughters with Emma to educate), while William was awarded ÂŁ100,000 to buy an estate called
1251:. She died on 15 January 1815, aged 49. Emma was buried in Calais on 21 January in public ground outside the town, with her friend Joshua Smith paying for a modest funeral at the local Catholic church. Her grave was subsequently lost due to wartime destruction, but in 1994 a
892:, to be executed for treason. Emma played an important role in helping to put an end to the revolution when she arrived near Naples with Nelson's fleet on 24 June 1799. She acted as a go-between, conveying messages from the queen to Nelson and from Nelson to the queen.
1277:
Emma Hamilton is generally known by the courtesy title of Lady Hamilton, to which she was entitled from 1791 as the wife and then widow of Sir William Hamilton. In 1800, she became "Dame Emma Hamilton", a title she held in her own right as a female member of the
1162:
The funeral was lavish, costing the state ÂŁ14,000, but Emma was excluded. Only the men of the Bolton and Matcham family were invited, and Emma spent the day with her family and the women. She gave both families dinner and breakfast and accommodated the Boltons.
1002:, and Susanna, married to Thomas Bolton, by helping to raise their children and to make ends meet. Nelson's sister-in-law Sarah (married to William), also pressed him for assistance and favours, including the payment of their son Horatio's school fees at
351:
country estate in the South Downs. She is said to have danced nude on his dining room table. Fetherstonhaugh took Emma there as a mistress, but frequently ignored her in favour of drinking and hunting with his friends. Emma soon befriended the Honourable
285:
near Neston, Cheshire, England, the daughter of Henry Lyon, a blacksmith who died when she was two months old. She was baptised on 12 May 1765. She was raised by her mother, the former Mary Kidd (later Cadogan), and grandmother, Sarah Kidd, at
1218:
in Southwark, although she was not kept in a cell but allowed to live in rooms nearby with Horatia, as per the system whereby genteel prisoners could buy the rights to live "within the Rules", a three-square-mile area around the prison.
1055:
and based on an unpublished letter; however the only publicly available transcription of the record shows 29 October 1801. Nelson later wrote a letter explaining that the child was an orphan "left to his care and protection" in Naples.
1067:, leaving Emma pregnant with their second child (although neither knew it at this time). The marriage was witnessed by Charlotte Mary Nelson (the daughter of Nelson's brother William) and Emma Hartley"(Emma's daughter Emma Carew).
2377:
Doc via Ancestry, from London, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1932, for Catherine Bolton Westminster St George, Hanover Square 1800-1805, from London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; Reference Number:
981:
wrote to Emma praising her virtue and goodness. Nelson and Emma continued to write letters to each other when he was away at sea, and she kept every one. While he was away too, she arranged for her mother to visit the Kidds in
1116:. Nelson was seriously wounded during the battle and died three hours later. When the news of his death arrived in London, a messenger was sent to Merton Place to bring the news to Lady Hamilton. She later recalled,
426:
realising that she was going as the mistress of her host. Emma set off for Naples with her mother and Gavin Hamilton on 13 March 1786 overland in an old coach, and arrived in Naples on her 21st birthday on 26 April.
1293:
Subsequently, she used her new title in formal circumstances, and was acknowledged as Dame Emma Hamilton in official British contexts; most notably, this was the title under which she was formally granted her own
809:
as "a charming woman, beautiful and exceedingly good humoured and amiable." When he set sail for Sardinia on 15 September after only five days in Naples, it was clear that he had already fallen a little in love.
1572:
During the first episode of Doctor Who (2005) Season 10, a black and white portrait of Emma Hamilton (Aged 17) can be found hanging on the wall in the doctor's office(opposite his desk and to the right).
496:
1568:
whose husband has been erased from history, Emma remembers a timeline where Nelson divorced his wife and the two were happily married until time-travelling “revisionists” arranged for Nelson's death at
1230:
Emma was anxious to leave the country, but owing to the risk of arrest if she travelled on a normal ferry, she and Horatia hid from her creditors for a week before boarding a private vessel bound for
1283:
879:
and painted in Naples, a copy of which was sent to Sir William. This portrait gained great fame wherever it was displayed, and was instrumental in the rise of Le Brun's career as a portrait artist.
548:
805:
for about six years at that point) after his arrival in Naples on 10 September 1793, when he came to gather reinforcements against the French. She is described in 1797 in the diary of 18-year-old
651:, the husband of his niece Mary Graham (another great beauty of the Georgian Period), defending his marriage to Emma. Emma also wrote seeking approval from Graham and other family relations.
739:, by using Romney's idea of combining classical poses with modern allure as the basis for her act. Emma had her dressmaker make dresses modelled on those worn by peasant islanders in the
845:
for Nelson, and vice versa; the affair was tolerated. By November, gossip from Naples about their affair reached the English newspapers. Emma Hamilton and Horatio Nelson were famous.
1266:
Rev. Philip Ward, had 10 children (the first of whom was named Horatio Nelson), and lived until 1881. Horatia never publicly acknowledged that she was the daughter of Emma Hamilton.
716:
remarked during a dinner in Naples at the manner in which Emma drinks port, which must have been a 'habit of hers as she did not become drunk after finishing two or three bottles'.
1205:
Within three years, Emma was more than ÂŁ15,000 in debt. In June 1808, Merton failed to sell at auction. She was not completely without friends; her neighbours had rallied, and
840:
caricatured Sir William's attitude towards the affair between Emma and Nelson. Emma is the portrait of "Cleopatra" in the upper left, and Nelson is the adjacent "Mark Antony".
414:
prospective wife would not accept him as a suitor if he lived openly with Emma Hart. To be rid of Emma, Greville persuaded his uncle, younger brother of his mother, Sir
532:
2498:
1597:
589:
582:
628:
consent. She was twenty-six and he was sixty. Although she was obliged to use her legal name of Amy Lyon on the marriage register, the wedding gave her the title
514:
1235:
debt and suffered from longstanding health problems, including stomach pains, nausea and diarrhoea. She turned to the Roman Catholic church and joined the
380:. As a young woman, Emma's daughter saw her mother frequently, but later when Emma fell into debt, her daughter worked abroad as a companion or governess.
1269:
Jason M. Kelly summarized her: "In a world of aristocratic privilege and powerful men, her common birth and gender ultimately circumscribed her options".
2777:
1151:) except for Merton, as well as his bank accounts and possessions. The government had made William an Earl and his son Horatio (also known as Horace) a
2420:
London Metro Archives, London, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Westminster, St Mary, Paddington Green,1790-1812.
1430:
as Horatio. Leigh took publicity photos for the film arranged in poses very similar to paintings of Emma. The film is said to have been a favourite of
563:
444:
1063:(Nelson's sister Susanna's husband's brother's son) at 23 Piccadilly on 18 May 1803, the same day as Nelson's early morning departure to fight in the
462:
308:
Only a few months later she was unemployed again and moved to London in the autumn of 1777. She started to work for the Budd family in Chatham Place,
297:
With her grandmother struggling to make ends meet at the age of 60, and after Mary went to London in 1777, Emma began work, aged 12, as a maid at the
2203:
Barrow, R. J., Rosemary J. (2010). "Toga Plays and Tableaux Vivants: Theatre and Painting on London's Late-Victorian and Edwardian Popular Stage".
2042:
1214:, and in December 1812 either chose to commit herself (her name does not appear in the record books) or was sentenced to a prison sentence at the
1104:"ample provision to maintain her rank in life", and that his "adopted daughter, Horatia Nelson Thompson...use in future the name of Nelson only".
481:
701:
and entertained guests at her home. At one point, the Royal Opera in Madrid tried to engage her for a season, in competition with their star,
632:
which she would use for the rest of her life. Hamilton's public career was now at its height and during their visit he was inducted into the
1713:
Schachenmayr, Volker (1997). "Emma Lyon, the Attitude, and Goethean Performance Theory," in: New Theatre Quarterly vol. 13, pp. 3–17.
814:
mother Mrs Cadogan's niece, but he refused this as well as her request to make enquiries in England about suitors for the young Emma.
432:
2745:
778:—and kings and queens alike, setting off new dance trends across Europe and starting a fashion for a draped Grecian style of dress.
573:
390:
693:, and soon acquired fluency in both French and Italian. She was also a talented amateur singer. She sang one of the solo parts of
2868:
2755:
1167:
2445:
1194:, which made it clear that Horatia was his child. She continued to entertain at Merton, including the prince of Wales and the
1083:
print (among many others) satirizes the scandalous relationship between Nelson and Emma Hamilton casting them in the roles of
2481:
1728:
1685:
1649:
1618:
2739:
331:
2516:
1594:
963:
889:
731:
Sharing Sir William Hamilton's enthusiasm for classical antiquities and art, she developed what she called her "Attitudes"—
2808:
1210:
unbeknownst to most people. Her mother, Mrs Cadogan, died in January 1810. For most of 1811 and 1812 she was in a virtual
852:, but had developed into an important political influence. She advised the queen on how to react to the threats from the
798:
771:
633:
243:
1031:
The newspapers reported on their every move, including trips to Wales to inspect Sir William's estates and a holiday to
398:
Seeing an opportunity to make some money by taking a cut of sales, Greville sent her to sit for his friend, the painter
2878:
2711:
2289:
621:
2682:
2510:
2026:
1746:
1279:
735:
in which she portrayed sculptures and paintings before British visitors. Emma developed the attitudes, also known as
648:
164:
2068:
Emma lady Hamilton: from new and original sources and documents, together with an appendix of notes and new letters
1504:
863:
625:
2780:, article by the curator of the 2017 Emma Hamilton exhibition at the National Maritime Museum, Quintin Colville. (
1059:
Emma planned, paid for and hosted the wedding of Nelson's niece Kitty Bolton (daughter of Susanna) and her cousin
978:
974:
690:
1910:
911:, now known as the "Nelson Mass", in Vienna in 1800 and meeting the composer as well in the Esterhazy palace in
2873:
2813:
1236:
42:
606:
356:(1749–1809). It was about this time (late June-early July 1781) that she conceived a child by Fetherstonhaugh.
2313:
1206:
1060:
647:
The marriage was not favorable to Sir William's family and relations, to the point that Sir William wrote to
17:
2459:
2444:
The first memorial to Emma, Lady Hamilton, Parc Richelieu, Calais, France, erected by The 1805 Club in 1994.
1836:
624:, then a plain small building, having returned to England for the purpose and Sir William having gained the
1536:
1480:
872:
817:
Nelson returned to Naples five years later, on 22 September 1798 a living legend, after his victory at the
1304:
Per pale Or and Argent, three Lions rampant Gules, on a chief Sable, a Cross of eight points of the second
2838:
2833:
2803:
2767:
2098:
1458:
1338:
1023:
celebrate Emma's 37th birthday on the very day Edmund died; the son did not attend his father's funeral.
670:
659:
415:
254:
180:
1247:
In November, they moved into a cheap flat at 27 Rue Française; Emma started drinking heavily and taking
775:
723:
Lady Hamilton made the striking of attitudes into an art form, portraying classical themes such as the
2429:
2858:
2014:
1351:
1172:
1052:
806:
682:
313:
262:
2863:
1166:
After the funeral, the begging letters began. William would not help, so everybody turned to Emma.
967:
384:
353:
339:. This is the first portrait in which Romney painted Emma in this guise, from July to August 1782.
2883:
2828:
927:
399:
368:
247:
69:
31:
640:, after which he plunged into a deep depression and drew a series of frenzied sketches of Emma.
2848:
1739:
Emma Hamilton and Late Eighteenth-Century European Art: Agency, Performance, and Representation
1215:
302:
2634:
2600:
2586:
2559:
2544:
2751:
1771:
1637:
1259:
884:
747:, with the audience guessing the names of the classical characters and scenes Emma portrayed.
504:
347:, who hired her for several months as hostess and entertainer at a lengthy stag party at his
344:
2611:
2072:
938:, a comfortable walking distance away, until December, when Sir William rented a home at 23
2823:
2818:
1516:
1466:
1075:
849:
321:
61:
35:
1861:
8:
2843:
2153:
Schachenmayr, Volker (1997). "Emma Lyon, the Attitude, and Goethean performance theory".
1560:
1452:
1418:
1113:
1048:
994:
359:
309:
2761:
2660:
719:
2616:
2220:
2170:
1290:, in recognition of her role in the defence of the island of Malta against the French.
1211:
903:
818:
786:
724:
712:, unaristocratic mannerisms and drinking sometimes raised eyebrows by her company, the
698:
614:
405:
2471:
1472:
1112:
On 21 October 1805, Nelson's fleet defeated a joint Franco-Spanish naval force at the
2506:
2477:
2285:
2224:
2174:
2022:
1760:
1742:
1724:
1718:
1681:
1645:
1614:
1608:
1551:
refers to the famous lovers in the line "I'd be your Nelson if you'd be my Hamilton."
1521:
1431:
1325:
1121:
962:. On 1 February, Emma made a spectacular appearance at a concert at the house of the
853:
755:
702:
258:
1343:
1306:. The lions evidently refer to her maiden surname of Lyons, and the addition of the
2362:
2212:
2162:
1427:
1390:
1377:
1199:
1147:
Nelson's will was read in November; William inherited his entire estate (including
1019:
1007:
931:
857:
732:
686:
266:
238:, was an English maid, model, dancer and actress. She began her career in London's
139:
2066:
785:
from Denmark, who became Emma's successor in the new art form. The famed sculptor
636:. Shortly after the ceremony, Romney painted his last portrait of Emma from life,
242:, becoming the mistress of a series of wealthy men, culminating in the naval hero
230:; 26 April 1765 – 15 January 1815), known upon moving to London as
2189:
1702:
1675:
1601:
1508:
1444:
1385:
1299:
1195:
1064:
767:
736:
336:
325:
1330:
1014:...she is bold & unguarded in her manner, is grown fat, & drinks freely.
750:
2853:
1525:
1493:
1439:
1394:
1356:
1156:
1148:
1141:
1137:
1041:
999:
955:
916:
876:
802:
713:
282:
212:
157:
96:
2166:
1310:, which has puzzled heraldic scholars unaware of her connection to the Order.
1255:
unveiled the memorial which stands today in the Parc Richelieu in her honour.
828:
2797:
1659:
1565:
1555:
1407:
1402:
1307:
1258:
Lady Hamilton's death incentivized her creditors to submit an application to
1080:
837:
740:
317:
1765:
1531:
1423:
1364:
1295:
1003:
990:
935:
908:
694:
2314:"British History in depth: Nelson and Lady Hamilton: A Very Public Affair"
1540:
is a fictionalised portrait of Lady Emma and the times in which she lived.
954:
On 29 January 1801 at 23 Piccadilly, Emma gave birth to Nelson's daughter
1671:
1497:
1187:
762:
With the aid of her shawls, Emma posed as various classical figures from
143:
2778:"Dispelling the myths around Lady Emma Hamilton and Admiral Lord Nelson"
781:"Attitudes" were taken up by several other (female) artists, among them
324:. Emma next worked as a model and dancer at the "Goddess of Health" for
1360:
1036:
in honour of Horatia, and a concert for 100 guests staged in February.
958:, who was taken soon afterwards to a Mrs Gibson for care and hire of a
943:
939:
912:
377:
239:
163:
Dame Emma Hamilton (a title in her own right as a female member of the
2361:"England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975," database, FamilySearch (
2242:. World's Classics. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 262–263.
2216:
2021:(Large Print ed.). BBC Audiobooks Ltd by arr. with Random House.
1287:
1252:
959:
522:
452:
1410:
mentions Lady Hamilton and her relationship with Nelson in his song
1768:, features Emma prominently as a partially fictionalized character.
1372:
1282:. This was an unusual honour, awarded to Lady Hamilton by the then
1248:
1152:
1032:
983:
782:
744:
709:
298:
287:
100:
1047:
Nelson had been offered the position of commander-in-chief of the
989:
By the autumn of the same year, upon Emma's advice, Nelson bought
290:, and received no formal education. She later went by the name of
822:
678:
665:
394:
Emma by George Romney in Rothschild collection, MFA Boston c.1784
1079:
Dido in Despair (caricature published in 6 February 1801). This
30:"Emma Hamilton" redirects here. For the Australian actress, see
2365: : 11 February 2018, Horatia Nelson Thompson, 29 Oct 1801)
1231:
1088:
934:, and Nelson and Fanny took an expensive furnished house at 17
654:
348:
119:
2476:. Internet Archive. New York : Paragon House Publishers.
681:
rented by Sir William. Lady Hamilton became a close friend of
763:
472:
364:
848:
Emma had by then become not only a close personal friend of
770:, and her performances charmed aristocrats, artists such as
1511:, mentions both Lord Nelson ("Lord Nel") and Lady Hamilton.
1084:
246:, and was the favourite model and muse of the portraitist
2411:
Quintin Colville, p54 BBC History Magazine, December 2016
2143:
Quintin Colville, p52 BBC History Magazine, December 2016
1544:
1155:– the titles Nelson had aspired to – and now he was also
1528:), repeatedly mocks both Lord Nelson and Lady Hamilton.
1186:
She moved from Clarges Street to a cheaper home at 136
2393:
2381:
2343:
2331:
2258:
2246:
2049:. Thurrock Unitary Council Museum Service. p. 53.
2019:
England's Mistress: The Infamous Life of Emma Hamilton
888:
allowed one of the leaders of the revolution, Admiral
418:, British Envoy to Naples, to take her off his hands.
2536:
2534:
2661:"Reusable Cover Art in Historical Novels: A Gallery"
834:
A Cognocenti contemplating ye Beauties of ye Antique
383:
Greville kept Emma in a small house at Edgware Row,
261:, where she was a success at court, befriending the
41:"Lady Hamilton" redirects here. For other uses, see
2752:"Archival material relating to Emma, Lady Hamilton"
1323:on the cover of the Bantam Classics publication of
597:
2531:
2373:
2371:
1543:The 1999 song "I'd Like That" on English pop band
2131:Souvenirs de Madame Louise Elisabeth Vigee Lebrun
1587:
970:, and Emma worked hard to keep the press onside.
555:Lady Hamilton as Titania with Puck and Changeling
2795:
2496:
2363:https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:JQYW-Z3J
754:Emma performing the "Attitudes", caricatured by
320:. She worked as a maid for actresses, including
2770:. Article about Emma Carew by Jacqui Livesey. (
2368:
1904:
1902:
1091:. Sir William can be seen sleeping in the back.
895:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1346:. The operetta was revived in Cologne in 2004.
1202:, but no favours were returned by the royals.
2202:
2187:Her Attitudes are described by Goethe in his
2128:
1837:"Emma Lady Hamilton, mistress of Lord Nelson"
1642:Beloved Emma: The Life of Emma, Lady Hamilton
2768:"Finding the Lost Daughter of Lady Hamilton"
2505:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 137.
2152:
2099:"Finding the Lost Daughter of Lady Hamilton"
1680:. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan.
797:As wife of the British Envoy, Emma welcomed
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1879:
1830:
1564:where, in a parallel to the main character
1319:In cover artwork for many books, including
1183:lifestyle, and Emma fell deeply into debt.
160:as the wife of a British knight, from 1791)
2760:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1772:Celebrating Waddesdon's women blog article
409:Another portrait by George Romney, c. 1785
60:
2630:
2596:
2570:
2554:Anon. (1837), "Nelsonian Reminiscences",
2458:. Office de Tourisme Calais CĂ´te d'Opale.
2456:Lady Hamilton, Historic site and monument
2237:
1908:
1791:
1120:They brought me word, Mr Whitby from the
620:They were married on 6 September 1791 at
376:Blackburn, schoolmaster, and his wife in
2680:
2610:
2540:
2503:Emma Hamilton: Seduction & Celebrity
2311:
2275:
2273:
2133:. Bloomington, Indiana University Press.
2013:
1701:
1136:
1074:
919:to a hero's welcome on 6 November 1800.
901:Britain via Central Europe (hearing the
862:
827:
749:
718:
658:
605:
404:
389:
358:
330:
2582:
2399:
2387:
2349:
2337:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2264:
2252:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2041:
1928:
1807:
1716:
1606:
1272:
1225:Letters of Lord Nelson to Lady Hamilton
1026:
860:had fallen a victim to the Revolution.
253:In 1791, at the age of 26, she married
195: 1791; died 1803)
14:
2796:
2687:, the Story of a Historic Love Affair"
2644:
2469:
2064:
1854:
1658:
1636:
1627:
1581:
1070:
998:sisters Kitty (Catherine), married to
792:
677:She lived for some time in a house in
2279:
2270:
2193:, diary of March 16 and May 27, 1787.
1909:Cavendish, Richard (1 January 2015).
1670:
1644:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1595:Emma Hamilton Seduction and Celebrity
1590:Emma Hamilton Seduction and Celebrity
1313:
2649:. London: Jonathan Cape. p. 54.
2298:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2086:
1911:"Emma, Lady Hamilton dies in Calais"
1723:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1383:The 1929 Vitaphone part-silent film
2312:Williams, Kate (17 February 2011).
1834:
1695:
949:
883:In 1799, Naples was the scene of a
574:Marie Louise Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun
66:Portrait as a girl (aged seventeen)
27:Mistress of Lord Nelson (1765–1815)
24:
1753:
1741:. London and New York: Routledge.
1484:(released in the United States as
869:Lady Hamilton as the Persian Sibyl
655:Life in Naples and the "Attitudes"
34:. For the actress and author, see
25:
2895:
2790:in the Waddesdon Manor collection
2733:
2681:Crowther, Bosley (4 April 1941).
2284:. Stroud: Amberley. p. 304.
2129:Vigee Le Brun, Elisabeth (1989).
2117:
1107:
165:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
2620:. 11 October 1806. p. 1336.
2211:(2). Washington, D.C.: 209–226.
986:and her daughter in Manchester.
598:Marriage to Sir William Hamilton
581:
562:
547:
531:
513:
495:
480:
461:
443:
438:Lady Hamilton (as Nature) c.1782
431:
305:, a surgeon working in Chester.
2704:
2674:
2653:
2638:
2624:
2604:
2590:
2576:
2564:
2548:
2490:
2463:
2449:
2438:
2423:
2414:
2405:
2355:
2231:
2196:
2181:
2146:
2137:
1588:Colville, Quintin, ed. (2016).
1576:
1492:Emma Hamilton was portrayed by
1471:Emma Hamilton was portrayed by
1457:Emma Hamilton was portrayed by
542:, by George Romney, before 1792
192:
2869:18th-century English actresses
2497:Quintin Colville, ed. (2016).
2065:Sichel, Walter Sydney (1905).
2058:
2035:
1784:
1666:. London: Chatto & Windus.
1227:were published in April 1814.
1132:
915:). They eventually arrived in
774:, writers—including the great
772:Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Le Brun
43:Lady Hamilton (disambiguation)
13:
1:
2238:Fremantle, Anne, ed. (1952).
1801:
1664:Emma Hamilton and Sir William
1607:Hibbert, Christopher (1994).
1223:turned against her after the
272:
2741:Lady Hamilton as a Bacchante
1707:Emma, Lady Hamilton: A Study
1537:The Volcano Lover: A Romance
1349:The 1921 silent German film
896:Life in London and at Merton
570:Lady Hamilton as a Bacchante
475:, by George Romney, c. 1785
328:, a Scottish "quack" doctor.
257:, British ambassador to the
7:
2240:The Wynne Diaries 1789–1820
2055:by M Meade-Fetherstonhaugh.
1628:Hudson, Roger, ed. (1994).
1175:as well as ÂŁ5000 for life.
622:St Marylebone Parish Church
592:, c. 1800, owned by Nelson
10:
2900:
1737:Contogouris, Ersy (2018).
1610:Nelson: A Personal History
1554:Lady Hamilton features in
1061:Captain Sir William Bolton
856:. Maria Carolina's sister
776:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
312:, and began acting at the
40:
29:
2879:Romantic muses and models
2167:10.1017/S0266464X00010757
2047:Behold the painful plough
1393:played Lady Hamilton and
926:The Hamiltons moved into
801:(who had been married to
345:Sir Harry Fetherstonhaugh
202:
174:
149:
135:
127:
108:
77:
59:
52:
2772:Global Maritime History,
2647:Heraldry and the Heralds
2599:, vol. ii., p. 631, n.1.
2585:, vol. iv, p. 192, n. 3.
2280:North, Jonathan (2018).
2071:. A. Constable. p.
1777:
1632:. London: Folio Society.
1242:
557:, by George Romney, 1793
456:, by George Romney, 1785
385:Paddington Green, London
354:Charles Francis Greville
2809:English artists' models
2645:Dennys, Rodney (1952).
2633:, vol. ii., pp. 619-20.
2103:Global Maritime History
1720:Nelson: Love & Fame
1717:Vincent, Edgar (2003).
1412:Why Don't Women Like Me
1342:by the German composer
1142:Horatia Ward née Nelson
873:Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun
590:Johann Heinrich Schmidt
521:Lady Emma Hamilton, as
234:, and upon marriage as
32:Emma Hamilton (actress)
2788:Paintings of Emma Hart
2746:Lady Lever Art Gallery
2470:Fraser, Flora (1988).
1592:. Thames & Hudson.
1520:, the show's antihero
1397:played Admiral Nelson.
1370:Mentioned in the play
1321:Lady Hamilton as Circe
1144:
1126:
1092:
1016:
880:
875:, commissioned by the
841:
759:
728:
674:
671:Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun
617:
410:
395:
372:
340:
303:Honoratus Leigh Thomas
269:, and meeting Nelson.
2874:British female models
2814:English women singers
2712:"That Hamilton Woman"
2556:Metropolitan Magazine
2155:New Theatre Quarterly
2053:Uppark and its people
1547:'s 13th studio album
1481:Bequest to the Nation
1450:The 1953 Soviet film
1260:Robert Fulke Greville
1140:
1118:
1078:
1012:
973:Soon after this, the
866:
831:
753:
722:
691:Ferdinand I of Naples
662:
611:Lady Hamilton as Muse
609:
408:
393:
362:
334:
2756:UK National Archives
2558:, 19 (1837), p. 252.
1517:Blackadder the Third
1273:Honours and heraldry
1027:Death of Sir William
1010:wrote in his diary;
890:Francesco Caracciolo
850:Queen Maria Carolina
683:Queen Maria Carolina
265:who was a sister of
255:Sir William Hamilton
181:Sir William Hamilton
36:Emma Walton Hamilton
2685:That Hamilton Woman
2473:Emma, Lady Hamilton
1600:5 June 2023 at the
1582:Popular biographies
1561:Lost in a Good Book
1453:Attack from the Sea
1419:That Hamilton Woman
1216:King's Bench Prison
1114:Battle of Trafalgar
1071:Nelson at sea again
1049:Mediterranean Fleet
979:Rev. William Nelson
793:Meeting with Nelson
488:Emma as a Bacchante
310:Blackfriars, London
2839:English socialites
2834:English courtesans
2804:People from Neston
2784:, 3 November 2016)
2691:The New York Times
2617:The London Gazette
2573:, vol. i., p. 324.
2432:the marking plaque
1866:The Nelson Society
1709:. London: Cassell.
1613:. London: Viking.
1549:Apple Venus Vol. 1
1336:The 1926 operetta
1314:In popular culture
1145:
1093:
928:William Beckford's
904:Missa in Angustiis
885:strange revolution
881:
842:
819:Battle of the Nile
787:Bertel Thorvaldsen
760:
729:
725:Judgement of Paris
675:
618:
615:Angelika Kauffmann
526:, by George Romney
508:, by George Romney
490:, by George Romney
411:
396:
373:
341:
335:Emma as Circe, at
314:Drury Lane theatre
224:Dame Emma Hamilton
54:Dame Emma Hamilton
2716:Jane Austen Today
2483:978-1-55778-008-9
2217:10.1353/tj.0.0369
1761:The Volcano Lover
1730:978-0-300-09797-9
1687:978-0-698-10912-4
1651:978-0-297-78895-9
1620:978-0-201-62457-1
1522:Edmund Blackadder
1514:The 1980s sitcom
1486:The Nelson Affair
1432:Winston Churchill
1326:Wuthering Heights
854:French Revolution
789:admired her art.
756:Thomas Rowlandson
703:Angelica Catalani
664:Lady Hamilton as
538:Lady Hamilton as
259:Kingdom of Naples
221:
220:
156:Lady Hamilton (a
16:(Redirected from
2891:
2859:Wives of knights
2764:
2759:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2642:
2636:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2608:
2602:
2594:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2552:
2546:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2515:. Archived from
2494:
2488:
2487:
2467:
2461:
2453:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2375:
2366:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2309:
2296:
2295:
2282:Nelson at Naples
2277:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2200:
2194:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2095:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2011:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1906:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1832:
1795:
1788:
1734:
1710:
1703:Hardwick, Mollie
1696:Research studies
1691:
1667:
1655:
1633:
1624:
1593:
1507:", performed by
1428:Laurence Olivier
1391:Corinne Griffith
1378:Victorien Sardou
1363:as Hamilton and
1207:Sir John Perring
1020:Treaty of Amiens
1008:Joseph Farington
968:St James' Square
950:Birth of Horatia
932:Grosvenor Square
858:Marie Antoinette
733:tableaux vivants
687:Marie Antoinette
638:The Ambassadress
585:
566:
551:
535:
517:
499:
484:
465:
447:
435:
416:William Hamilton
343:At 15, Emma met
267:Marie Antoinette
196:
194:
128:Other names
115:
91:
89:
64:
50:
49:
21:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2864:Waddesdon Manor
2794:
2793:
2750:
2736:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2625:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2577:
2569:
2565:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2513:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2450:
2443:
2439:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2369:
2360:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2310:
2299:
2292:
2278:
2271:
2263:
2259:
2251:
2247:
2236:
2232:
2205:Theatre Journal
2201:
2197:
2190:Italian Journey
2186:
2182:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2127:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2105:. 24 March 2014
2097:
2096:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2063:
2059:
2043:Bingley, Randal
2040:
2036:
2029:
2012:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1907:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1862:"Lady Hamilton"
1860:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1833:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1756:
1754:Further reading
1731:
1698:
1688:
1652:
1630:Nelson and Emma
1621:
1602:Wayback Machine
1584:
1579:
1509:B. A. Robertson
1503:The 1979 song "
1473:Michèle Mercier
1445:Lennox Berkeley
1437:The 1951 opera
1386:The Divine Lady
1316:
1300:College of Arms
1298:by the English
1275:
1253:dedicated group
1245:
1212:debtors' prison
1196:dukes of Sussex
1135:
1110:
1073:
1065:Napoleonic Wars
1029:
975:Prince of Wales
964:Duke of Norfolk
952:
898:
807:Elizabeth Wynne
795:
768:Queen Cleopatra
737:mimoplastic art
657:
600:
593:
586:
577:
567:
558:
552:
543:
536:
527:
518:
509:
500:
491:
485:
476:
466:
457:
448:
439:
436:
337:Waddesdon Manor
275:
217:
198:
190:
186:
183:
170:
123:
117:
113:
112:15 January 1815
104:
93:
87:
85:
84:
83:
73:
67:
55:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2897:
2887:
2886:
2884:Dames of Malta
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2829:Horatio Nelson
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2792:
2791:
2785:
2775:
2774:24 March 2014)
2765:
2748:
2735:
2734:External links
2732:
2730:
2729:
2703:
2673:
2652:
2637:
2631:Pettigrew 1849
2623:
2603:
2597:Pettigrew 1849
2589:
2575:
2571:Pettigrew 1849
2563:
2547:
2530:
2519:on 5 June 2023
2511:
2489:
2482:
2462:
2448:
2437:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2402:, p. 379.
2392:
2390:, p. 520.
2380:
2367:
2354:
2352:, p. 460.
2342:
2340:, p. 396.
2330:
2297:
2291:978-1445679372
2290:
2269:
2267:, p. 297.
2257:
2255:, p. 283.
2245:
2230:
2195:
2180:
2145:
2136:
2116:
2085:
2057:
2034:
2027:
2015:Williams, Kate
1927:
1878:
1853:
1835:Johnson, Ben.
1805:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:section below.
1782:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1735:
1729:
1714:
1711:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1668:
1660:Warner, Oliver
1656:
1650:
1634:
1625:
1619:
1604:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1552:
1541:
1534:'s 1992 novel
1529:
1526:Rowan Atkinson
1512:
1501:
1494:Glenda Jackson
1478:The 1973 film
1476:
1464:The 1968 film
1462:
1459:Yelena Kuzmina
1448:
1440:Nelson (opera)
1435:
1416:The 1941 film
1414:
1400:The 1934 film
1398:
1395:Victor Varconi
1381:
1368:
1357:Richard Oswald
1347:
1344:Eduard KĂĽnneke
1334:
1315:
1312:
1286:of the Order,
1280:Order of Malta
1274:
1271:
1244:
1241:
1239:congregation.
1192:Life of Nelson
1168:Lord Grenville
1157:Duke of Bronte
1134:
1131:
1109:
1108:Nelson's death
1106:
1072:
1069:
1042:Clarges Street
1028:
1025:
1000:George Matcham
995:ménage à trois
951:
948:
930:mansion at 22
897:
894:
877:Duc de Brissac
794:
791:
714:Duc de Bourbon
708:Emma's vulgar
656:
653:
599:
596:
595:
594:
587:
580:
578:
568:
561:
559:
553:
546:
544:
537:
530:
528:
519:
512:
510:
501:
494:
492:
486:
479:
477:
467:
460:
458:
449:
442:
440:
437:
430:
274:
271:
219:
218:
216:
215:
213:Horatia Nelson
210:
206:
204:
200:
199:
188:
184:
179:
178:
176:
172:
171:
169:
168:
161:
158:courtesy title
153:
151:
147:
146:
137:
136:Known for
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
118:
116:(aged 49)
110:
106:
105:
95:Swan Cottage,
94:
81:
79:
75:
74:
65:
57:
56:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2896:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2849:British mimes
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2782:Cheshire Life
2779:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2718:. 10 May 2018
2717:
2713:
2707:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2677:
2662:
2656:
2648:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2627:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2579:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2541:Williams 2006
2537:
2535:
2518:
2514:
2512:9780500252208
2508:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2485:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2389:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2364:
2358:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2334:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2293:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2274:
2266:
2261:
2254:
2249:
2241:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2140:
2132:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2030:
2028:9781408430781
2024:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1916:
1915:History Today
1912:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:, a novel by
1763:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1748:
1747:9780815374237
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1689:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1677:Emma Hamilton
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1638:Fraser, Flora
1635:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1571:
1567:
1566:Thursday Next
1563:
1562:
1557:
1556:Jasper Fforde
1553:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1500:plays Nelson.
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1467:Emma Hamilton
1463:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1408:George Formby
1405:
1404:
1403:Boots! Boots!
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1352:Lady Hamilton
1348:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1339:Lady Hamilton
1335:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1308:Maltese Cross
1305:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1139:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:James Gillray
1077:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1053:Kate Williams
1050:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
987:
985:
980:
976:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
924:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
905:
893:
891:
886:
878:
874:
870:
865:
861:
859:
855:
851:
846:
839:
838:James Gillray
835:
830:
826:
824:
820:
815:
811:
808:
804:
800:
790:
788:
784:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
757:
752:
748:
746:
742:
741:Bay of Naples
738:
734:
726:
721:
717:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
672:
668:
667:
661:
652:
650:
649:Thomas Graham
645:
641:
639:
635:
634:Privy Council
631:
630:Lady Hamilton
627:
623:
616:
612:
608:
604:
591:
584:
579:
575:
571:
565:
560:
556:
550:
545:
541:
540:The Magdalene
534:
529:
525:
524:
516:
511:
507:
506:
498:
493:
489:
483:
478:
474:
470:
464:
459:
455:
454:
446:
441:
434:
429:
428:
427:
423:
419:
417:
407:
403:
401:
400:George Romney
392:
388:
386:
381:
379:
370:
369:George Romney
366:
361:
357:
355:
350:
346:
338:
333:
329:
327:
323:
322:Mary Robinson
319:
318:Covent Garden
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
284:
280:
277:She was born
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
249:
248:George Romney
245:
241:
237:
236:Lady Hamilton
233:
229:
225:
214:
211:
208:
207:
205:
201:
182:
177:
173:
166:
162:
159:
155:
154:
152:
148:
145:
141:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
111:
107:
102:
98:
92:26 April 1765
80:
76:
71:
70:George Romney
63:
58:
51:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
18:Emma Hamilton
2781:
2771:
2740:
2720:. Retrieved
2715:
2706:
2694:. Retrieved
2690:
2684:
2676:
2664:. Retrieved
2655:
2646:
2640:
2626:
2615:
2606:
2592:
2583:Nicolas 1845
2578:
2566:
2555:
2550:
2521:. Retrieved
2517:the original
2502:
2492:
2472:
2465:
2455:
2451:
2440:
2431:
2425:
2416:
2407:
2400:Hibbert 1994
2395:
2388:Vincent 2003
2383:
2378:DL/T/089/002
2357:
2350:Vincent 2003
2345:
2338:Vincent 2003
2333:
2321:. Retrieved
2317:
2281:
2265:Vincent 2003
2260:
2253:Vincent 2003
2248:
2239:
2233:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2188:
2183:
2161:(49): 3–17.
2158:
2154:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2107:. Retrieved
2102:
2076:. Retrieved
2067:
2060:
2052:
2046:
2037:
2018:
1918:. Retrieved
1914:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:
1856:
1844:. Retrieved
1840:
1786:
1766:Susan Sontag
1759:
1738:
1719:
1706:
1676:
1672:Lofts, Norah
1663:
1641:
1629:
1609:
1589:
1577:Bibliography
1559:
1548:
1535:
1532:Susan Sontag
1515:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1465:
1451:
1438:
1426:as Emma and
1424:Vivien Leigh
1417:
1411:
1401:
1384:
1371:
1365:Conrad Veidt
1355:directed by
1350:
1337:
1331:Emily Brontë
1324:
1320:
1303:
1296:coat of arms
1292:
1284:Grand Master
1276:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1246:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1204:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1165:
1161:
1146:
1127:
1119:
1111:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1058:
1046:
1038:
1030:
1017:
1013:
991:Merton Place
988:
972:
953:
936:Dover Street
925:
921:
909:Joseph Haydn
902:
899:
882:
871:', 1792, by
868:
847:
843:
833:
816:
812:
803:Fanny Nisbet
796:
780:
761:
730:
707:
695:Joseph Haydn
689:and wife of
685:, sister of
676:
663:
646:
642:
637:
629:
619:
610:
601:
569:
554:
539:
520:
502:
487:
468:
450:
424:
420:
412:
397:
382:
374:
342:
326:James Graham
307:
296:
291:
278:
276:
252:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:
167:, from 1800)
114:(1815-01-15)
47:
2824:1815 deaths
2819:1765 births
2612:"No. 15964"
2318:BBC History
1841:Historic UK
1498:Peter Finch
1188:Bond Street
1133:Final years
942:, opposite
758:, mid-1810s
699:Nelson Mass
613:(1791), by
576:, 1790–1791
244:Lord Nelson
144:Lord Nelson
2844:Mistresses
2798:Categories
1802:References
1569:Trafalgar.
1367:as Nelson.
1361:Liane Haid
1018:After the
944:Green Park
940:Piccadilly
913:Eisenstadt
588:Pastel by
451:Emma as a
378:Manchester
273:Early life
240:demi-monde
209:Emma Carew
88:1765-04-26
2543:, p, 234.
2225:192208725
2175:191576149
1558:'s novel
1505:Bang Bang
1422:starring
1302:in 1806,
1288:Tsar Paul
1237:St Pierre
1173:Trafalgar
1122:Admiralty
960:wet nurse
644:a while.
523:Cassandra
453:Bacchante
301:home of
292:Emma Hart
232:Emma Hart
131:Emma Hart
103:, England
72:, c. 1782
2323:29 March
2078:8 August
2045:(2010).
2017:(2009).
1920:28 March
1871:29 March
1846:28 March
1790:See the
1705:(1969).
1674:(1978).
1662:(1960).
1640:(1986).
1598:Archived
1373:La Tosca
1249:laudanum
1200:Clarence
1153:Viscount
1033:Ramsgate
984:Hawarden
917:Yarmouth
836:(1801),
783:Ida Brun
710:toilette
503:Emma as
363:Emma as
299:Hawarden
288:Hawarden
279:Amy Lyon
228:Amy Lyon
203:Children
140:Mistress
122:, France
101:Cheshire
82:Amy Lyon
2744:in the
2722:8 April
2696:8 April
2666:8 April
2051:citing
1792:Honours
956:Horatia
823:Aboukir
745:charade
679:Caserta
666:Ariadne
505:Miranda
197:
189:
185:
2560:p. 252
2509:
2480:
2288:
2223:
2173:
2025:
1745:
1727:
1684:
1648:
1617:
1496:, and
1232:Calais
1149:Bronte
1089:Aeneas
799:Nelson
673:, 1790
626:King's
371:, 1782
349:Uppark
226:(born
175:Spouse
120:Calais
2854:Muses
2523:8 May
2221:S2CID
2171:S2CID
2109:8 May
1778:Notes
1359:with
1243:Death
764:Medea
572:, by
473:Sibyl
471:as a
367:, by
365:Circe
263:queen
191:(
187:
150:Title
2724:2010
2698:2010
2668:2010
2525:2018
2507:ISBN
2478:ISBN
2325:2018
2286:ISBN
2111:2018
2080:2012
2023:ISBN
1922:2018
1873:2018
1848:2018
1743:ISBN
1725:ISBN
1682:ISBN
1646:ISBN
1615:ISBN
1198:and
1087:and
1085:Dido
1004:Eton
469:Emma
283:Ness
109:Died
97:Ness
78:Born
2499:"3"
2213:doi
2163:doi
2073:479
1545:XTC
1443:by
1376:by
1329:by
966:in
907:by
832:In
821:in
766:to
697:'s
669:by
316:in
281:in
142:of
68:by
2800::
2754:.
2714:.
2689:.
2614:.
2533:^
2501:.
2430:-
2370:^
2316:.
2300:^
2272:^
2219:.
2209:62
2207:.
2169:.
2159:13
2157:.
2119:^
2101:.
2088:^
1930:^
1913:.
1881:^
1864:.
1839:.
1809:^
1406:,
294:.
250:.
193:m.
99:,
2758:.
2726:.
2700:.
2683:"
2670:.
2527:.
2486:.
2434:-
2327:.
2294:.
2227:.
2215::
2177:.
2165::
2113:.
2082:.
2031:.
1924:.
1875:.
1850:.
1749:.
1733:.
1690:.
1654:.
1623:.
1524:(
1490:.
1488:)
1475:.
1469:.
1461:.
1455:.
1447:.
1434:.
1388:.
1380:.
1333:.
867:'
727:.
90:)
86:(
45:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
