543:, who sought to punish former Confederates and extend the right to vote to freed slaves. While Brownlow was up for reelection in 1867, he faced little chance of defeat with ex-Confederates disenfranchised. Furthermore, the state legislature, controlled by his allies, had given him unprecedented powers over voter registration and the election process. In April 1867, the Conservatives met at Nashville and nominated Etheridge to run against Brownlow for governor. The Conservative platform called for fidelity to the U.S. Constitution and obedience to all constitutionally-enacted laws, the assurance of "all the rights of freemen" to African Americans, and the extension of the right to vote to former Confederates. It also rejected "tyranny" and "military despotisms," a reference to a law passed by the legislature giving Brownlow the power to declare
479:
648:. In 1874, Etheridge ran for the state senate as a member of the People's Reform Party, or "Dark Lanterns." In October of that year, he delivered a bizarre and rambling speech at the Greenlaw Opera House in Memphis in which, according to one Memphis newspaper, he "abused everybody and everything. He abused the Democracy, Conservatism, Radicalism, funders, the press, the leaders of both parties," and "hurled his invectives and abuse at the world generally." He was easily defeated in the election by the Democratic candidate, Peyton J. Smith.
448:") Party. Assailed for his vote against the Kansas-Nebraska Act, he was nearly defeated for reelection in 1855, edging his Democratic challenger, Thomas J. Freeman, by just over 500 votes with more than 15,000 cast. Etheridge was the only Southern representative to support an 1857 House resolution condemning the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. In February 1857, Etheridge spoke in opposition to the reopening of the African slave trade, calling any such proposition "shocking to the moral sentiment of the enlightened portion of mankind."
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509:, as he considered its issuance a betrayal of his promise to Southern Unionists not to tamper with slavery. In December 1863, he joined an unsuccessful plot to give Democrats and Southern Unionists control of the House, using his position as Clerk to try and invalidate the credentials of Republican congressmen. In response, the House voted to replace him as Clerk that same month.
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retort, Etheridge accused Stokes of writing a letter in May 1861 criticizing
Lincoln's call for troops to put down the rebellion and suggested Stokes was too ignorant to understand the court-martial's proceedings. "Mr. Stokes says he is not educated. He need not have told it." He finished by stating that Brownlow "calls people seditionists because they won't make him king."
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On election day in August 1867, Brownlow defeated
Etheridge, 74,034 votes to 22,550. In spite of the wide margin, Etheridge's campaign boosted the statewide opposition to Brownlow, which eventually led to the fall of the Radical administration and the restoring of voting rights to ex-Confederates in
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for president. He ran on the
Republican ticket for state senator, but was defeated by the Democratic candidate, William A. Milliken. In August 1878, the state Republican Party nominated Etheridge as its candidate for governor. His nomination was controversial, as one delegate recalled his attacks
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at a campaign stop in
Memphis. Stokes equated Etheridge's denunciation of the Emancipation Proclamation as "giving aid and comfort" to the Rebel cause, noted that Etheridge had been court-martialed for treasonous speech, and complained that Etheridge had mocked his lack of formal education. In his
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of the state's debt, which was getting out of control (the state debt would be the dominant issue in state politics over the subsequent decade). He also supported a call for a constitutional convention. This convention, which took place in 1870, restored the right to vote to former
Confederates,
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In accepting the nomination, Etheridge blasted the
Brownlow administration as an "ignorant, brutal and irresponsible despotism," and stated the goal of the Conservative campaign was to end the "meanest tyranny which was ever hatched in the foul air of distempered times." Brownlow's newspaper, the
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After the Union Army regained control of
Nashville in early 1862, Etheridge returned to the city and spoke before a crowd of 1,200. He threw his support behind Andrew Johnson, who had by then been appointed Military Governor of Tennessee. Etheridge turned against the Lincoln Administration after
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on the
Republican Party in the late 1860s, and others pointed out that Etheridge's calls for repudiating the state debt ran counter to the party's platform. Etheridge subsequently declined the nomination. His replacement, Chattanooga mayor Eli Wight, was badly defeated in the general election.
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Etheridge campaigned for reelection to
Congress in 1865, but so strong was his criticism of Brownlow and Lincoln that he was arrested by military authorities for "attempting to incite the people of Tennessee to reinaugurate revolution and bloodshed" and "insulting the revered memory of Abraham
516:, an ardent anti-secessionist who had been elected governor after Johnson became vice president earlier that year. Etheridge considered several measures passed by Brownlow and his supporters in the state legislature tyrannical, especially attempts to deny ex-Confederates the right to vote.
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in 1853. Etheridge entered
Congress at a time of growing sectional tension between the North and South over the issue of slavery. Though not opposed to slavery, Etheridge rejected its expansion into new territories. He was one of nine Southern representatives to vote against the
470:'s victory in the election, Etheridge offered a "Border States Plan" that would protect the institution of slavery while preserving the Union, but the plan failed to pass in the House. In January 1861, he declared secession to be a rebellion that must be put down at any cost.
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By 1866, Etheridge was a leader among Tennessee's Conservative Republicans, allies of Andrew Johnson who opposed Brownlow and sought a return to pre-Civil War conditions. Brownlow and his associates in the state legislature had aligned themselves with the
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movement in the early 1880s, and helped organize the state's Prohibition ticket in 1882. In 1884, he ran for the 9th district congressional seat on the Republican ticket, but was defeated by the Democratic candidate,
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politics. He was appointed Clerk of the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1843 and was elected to Weakley's seat in the Tennessee House in 1845. After his term ended in 1847, he resumed the practice of law in
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One of the most powerful and eloquent speakers of his day, Etheridge was one of the few Southern congressmen to oppose the expansion of slavery and denounce Southern secession on the eve of the Civil War. Though a
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of the stump, the trafficker of the most foul, vulgar and filthy slang ever spewed by an obscene mind upon the hustings" whose "violent passions always carried him to offensive extremes." The
608:
in late July, a mob of Radicals surrounded the hotel where Etheridge was staying and opened fire, igniting a five-minute gun battle that left one person dead and several seriously wounded.
462:
During this tumultuous third term, Etheridge consistently expressed opposition to secessionist sentiment in the South. He endorsed the centrist campaign of fellow Tennessean
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politics. He was offered (but rejected) the party's nomination for governor in 1878, and ran unsuccessfully for Congress in 1884. He worked as the Surveyor of Customs at
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in 1840. He married Fannie N. Bell and they had three children: a son (Bell Etheridge), a daughter (Emma Etheridge Moran), and a third child who died in infancy in 1854.
493:, a mob of secessionists broke up the rally, killing one Unionist in the process. After Tennessee voted to secede in June 1861, Etheridge returned to Washington (as did
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459:, Etheridge ran again for the seat in a still more heated campaign in 1859, and managed to defeat Atkins by just eight votes out of nearly 19,000 votes cast.
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Chronic illness had left Brownlow unable to campaign, and he thus relied on his political allies to stump for him. In May, Etheridge debated Congressman
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During the spring of 1861, Etheridge returned to Tennessee to campaign against secession, often speaking to bitterly divided audiences. At one stop in
592:, the region was also home to Brownlow's fiercest and most loyal supporters. In June, fights broke out between Brownlow and Etheridge supporters at
687:. In February 1891, Harrison appointed Etheridge Surveyor of Customs at Memphis. He remained in this position until he resigned in March 1894.
565:
further suggested that Conservatives reluctantly chose Etheridge out of desperation after more plausible Conservatives rejected the nomination.
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By the early 1900s, Etheridge's health and intellect had declined. He died in Dresden on October 21, 1902 (age 83 years, 23 days). He is
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The Whig Party gained control of the Tennessee state legislature in 1850 and redrew the state's congressional districts, effectively
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Following the collapse of the Whig Party in the mid-1850s, Etheridge, like many Tennessee Whigs, joined the nativist American ("
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524:, until after the August election. Though he was eventually acquitted of the charges, he was defeated in the election.
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frequently turned violent. While Etheridge had been endorsed by prominent East Tennessee Unionists such as
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Following a bitter reelection campaign in 1857, Etheridge was defeated by the Democratic challenger,
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Etheridge moved to Memphis in 1871 after his term in the state senate had ended. He endorsed
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317:(September 28, 1819 – October 21, 1902) was an American politician and a member of the
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Opposition Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
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497:). In recognition of his dedication to preserving the Union, the House elected him
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832:, University of Tennessee at Martin Special Collections. Retrieved: 19 April 2014.
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Know-Nothing members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
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from 1853 to 1857, and again from 1859 to 1861. He also served one term in the
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Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
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886:(Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003; originally published in 1888), p. 258.
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357:. In the years following the war, Etheridge was a bitter critic of Governor
121:
956:(University of Tennessee Press, 1999; originally published in 1937), p. 211.
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when Etheridge campaigned there in July. Following a speech by Etheridge in
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After leaving the state senate in 1871, Etheridge remained active in state
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Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States
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Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States
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361:, and ran against Brownlow for governor in a violent campaign in 1867.
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Reluctant Confederates: Upper South Unionists in the Secession Crisis
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and as a result, Democrats regained control of the state government.
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392:. Though initially a teacher, he studied law and was admitted to the
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337:(1869–1871). After Tennessee seceded in 1861, he was elected
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691:
1024:
Nomination of Etheridge: A Broken Down Party Hack in the Field
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William G. Brownlow: Fighting Parson of the Southern Highlands
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for president in 1872, but declined to campaign for him as an
455:, by just 129 votes. Joining fellow Southern ex-Whigs in the
862:(New York: American Historical Society, Inc., 1933), p. 508.
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Fight at Rogersville: Attempt to Assassinate Mr. Etheridge
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1004:
Tennessee Politics: Acceptance of Hon. Emerson Etheridge
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in 1854, his main concern being the act's repeal of the
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Stokes and Etheridge: Their Second Meeting at Memphis
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counties). He spent much of his term calling for the
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By June 1865, Etheridge was the most vocal critic of
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Clerks of the United States House of Representatives
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Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
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The Slaveholders' Rebellion and Chronicle of the War
557:, derided Etheridge as a "blasé party scullion, the
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Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
683:elector for the Republican presidential candidate,
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Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
129:
Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
904:(University of North Carolina Press, 1993), p. 32.
624:in 1869, representing the 22nd district (Weakley,
1769:Members of the Tennessee House of Representatives
1388:(Franklin, Tenn.: Hillsboro Press, 2000), p. 203.
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1083:Conservatives Try to Get Up a Mob at Greeneville
915:Speech on the Revival of the African Slave Trade
709:, is believed to have been named for Etheridge.
466:in the 1860 presidential election. Following
987:For Governor, Emerson Etheridge: Our Platform
736:Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture
1784:Southern Unionists in the American Civil War
1734:People from Currituck County, North Carolina
1657:U.S. House of Representatives
1622:U.S. House of Representatives
1535:(Indiana University Press, 2001), pp. 72-73.
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849:, Vol. 33, No. 133 (30 April 1867), p. 1.
45:U.S. House of Representatives
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482:Hon. Emerson Etheridge, photographed by
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296:Emma Etheridge Moran, Bell W. Etheridge
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1663:Tennessee's 9th congressional district
1628:Tennessee's 9th congressional district
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782:Dictionary of North Carolina Biography
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333:(1845–1847) and one term in the
319:United States House of Representatives
99:March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1861
64:March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1857
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534:1867 Tennessee gubernatorial election
499:Clerk of the House of Representatives
424:the 9th district incumbent, Democrat
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675:In 1888, Etheridge served alongside
1072:(Cosmopolitan Press, 1912), p. 334.
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1794:19th-century Tennessee politicians
970:The Case Against Emerson Etheridge
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331:Tennessee House of Representatives
191:Tennessee House of Representatives
141:July 1861 – December 1863
14:
1805:
1789:19th-century American legislators
1551:"Emerson Etheridge (id: E000227)"
1542:
884:Sketches of Prominent Tennesseans
830:Weakley County: A Virtual History
600:, and gunfire nearly erupted in
399:Inspired by Kentucky politician
382:Currituck County, North Carolina
230:Currituck County, North Carolina
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860:Tennessee: A History, 1673-1932
780:. Originally published in the
663:Etheridge became active in the
1779:People from Dresden, Tennessee
1386:Tennessee: A Political History
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694:at Mount Vernon Cemetery near
576:Etheridge's campaign stops in
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1655:Member of the
1620:Member of the
1605:U.S. House of Representatives
1237:Jackson (TN) Whig and Tribune
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620:Etheridge was elected to the
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403:, Etheridge became active in
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1048:Nashville Union and Dispatch
847:Nashville Union and Dispatch
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1087:The Jonesborough Union Flag
738:. Retrieved: 19 April 2014.
651:Etheridge had rejoined the
415:
10:
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1341:, 12 September 1876, p. 4.
917:," 21 February 1857, p. 3.
707:Lawrence County, Tennessee
672:, 13,481 votes to 11,019.
655:by 1876, when he endorsed
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327:9th congressional district
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1587:Conservative nominee for
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1511:. The Political Graveyard
1481:, Vol. 29 (1909), p. 526.
1467:, Vol. 27 (1901), p. 868.
1324:, 7 September 1876, p. 3.
812:, 18 November 1902, p. 1.
514:William "Parson" Brownlow
507:Emancipation Proclamation
386:Weakley County, Tennessee
355:Emancipation Proclamation
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1774:Tennessee state senators
1754:Tennessee Oppositionists
1576:Party political offices
1549:United States Congress.
1498:, 24 October 1902, p. 2.
1439:, 6 December 1884, p. 4.
1358:, 8 November 1876, p. 4.
1307:, 4 November 1874, p. 4.
1290:, 22 October 1874, p. 3.
1273:, 22 October 1874, p. 2.
1239:, 21 October 1871, p. 2.
1069:Notable Men of Tennessee
809:Brownsville Daily Herald
520:Lincoln," and jailed in
288:Fannie N. Bell Etheridge
1437:The Milan (TN) Exchange
1422:, 25 August 1882, p. 1.
1405:, 19 August 1882, p. 5.
1403:The Milan (TN) Exchange
1375:, 29 August 1878, p. 2.
1256:, 14 August 1872, p. 1.
1222:, 2 October 1869, p. 2.
1205:, 20 August 1869, p. 2.
1188:, 14 August 1869, p. 3.
1171:, 10 August 1869, p. 2.
1100:Brownlowism Illustrated
826:Henry Emerson Etheridge
774:Henry Emerson Etheridge
732:Henry Emerson Etheridge
315:Henry Emerson Etheridge
23:Henry Emerson Etheridge
1492:Emerson Etheridge Dead
1140:, 1 August 1867, p. 2.
1030:, 24 April 1867, p. 2.
993:, 18 April 1867, p. 2.
486:
380:Etheridge was born in
341:, serving until 1863.
1759:Tennessee Republicans
1589:Governor of Tennessee
1532:Tennessee Place Names
1373:Fayetteville Observer
1369:Republican Convention
1322:Memphis Public Ledger
1288:Memphis Public Ledger
1271:Memphis Public Ledger
1186:Memphis Public Ledger
1169:Memphis Public Ledger
1138:Fayetteville Observer
1123:, 24 July 1867, p. 2.
1117:Speaking at Maryville
1106:, 18 June 1867, p. 2.
1104:Memphis Public Ledger
934:, 21 June 1865, p. 7.
932:The Soldiers' Journal
528:Campaign for governor
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430:Thirty-third Congress
257:Mount Vernon Cemetery
1420:Memphis Daily Appeal
1356:Memphis Daily Appeal
1339:Memphis Daily Appeal
1305:Memphis Daily Appeal
1284:Dark Lantern Meeting
1254:Memphis Daily Appeal
1220:Memphis Daily Appeal
1165:The General Assembly
1089:, 7 June 1867, p. 2.
1050:, 22 May 1867, p. 2.
1008:Daily Ohio Statesman
1002:Emerson Etheridge, "
991:Memphis Daily Appeal
913:Emerson Etheridge, "
798:, 1 June 1867, p. 1.
795:The Bolivar Bulletin
372:in the early 1890s.
1681:Government offices
1509:"Emerson Etheridge"
1496:The Hickman Courier
1450:Tennessee Blue Book
1416:The Prohibitionists
1352:Triumph in the City
1151:Tennessee Blue Book
1060:Oliver Perry Temple
1010:, 2 May 1867, p. 1.
976:, 19 November 1865.
943:E. Merton Coulter,
878:William S. Speer, "
730:Lonnie E. Maness, "
657:Rutherford B. Hayes
541:Radical Republicans
505:Lincoln issued the
439:Missouri Compromise
435:Kansas-Nebraska Act
359:William G. Brownlow
16:American politician
1453:(1890), pp. 61-62.
1384:Phillip Langsdon,
1335:Political Speaking
951:2010-07-08 at the
898:Daniel W. Crofts,
880:Hon. J.D.C. Atkins
772:Robert B. Jones, "
522:Columbus, Kentucky
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247:Dresden, Tennessee
227:September 28, 1819
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1703:Succeeded by
1671:Succeeded by
1636:Succeeded by
1596:Succeeded by
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1064:Mary Boyce Temple
843:Emerson Etheridge
685:Benjamin Harrison
570:William B. Stokes
347:Southern Unionist
312:
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260:Sharon, Tennessee
49:from Tennessee's
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1700:1861–1863
1686:Preceded by
1668:1859–1861
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1649:John D.C. Atkins
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653:Republican Party
622:Tennessee Senate
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457:Opposition Party
366:Republican Party
349:, he criticized
335:Tennessee Senate
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240:October 21, 1902
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172:Tennessee Senate
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547:in any county.
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426:Isham G. Harris
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1199:Repudiation
665:Prohibition
634:repudiation
606:Rogersville
594:Greeneville
586:John Baxter
545:martial law
147:Preceded by
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1718:Categories
1233:State News
713:References
616:Later life
598:Morristown
532:See also:
405:Whig Party
401:Henry Clay
376:Early life
301:Profession
279:Opposition
223:1819-09-28
1267:A Big Gun
1250:Etheridge
1216:Etheridge
602:Maryville
559:Thersites
474:Civil War
464:John Bell
353:over the
323:Tennessee
203:1845–1847
199:In office
184:1869–1871
180:In office
137:In office
95:In office
60:In office
1515:26 March
949:Archived
703:Ethridge
692:interred
681:at-large
416:Congress
304:Attorney
293:Children
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1066:(ed.),
784:, 1986.
778:NCpedia
646:elector
410:Dresden
370:Memphis
1660:from
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696:Sharon
679:as an
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588:, and
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285:Spouse
262:, U.S.
249:, U.S.
232:, U.S.
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630:Henry
626:Obion
1598:None
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