517:
436:
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39:
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and
Duchess on the ground floor. Shortly after the completion of the apartments, Elizabeth commissioned the creation of a bathroom in the basement of the home, an indication of her attention to hygiene. The efforts to modernise the house and furnish it with luxury furnishings and artwork were used as an expression of their power and affluence.
628:
Elizabeth suffered from gout for many years, which limited her mobility until she was largely confined to the ground floor at Ham House. Despite that, she maintained a brisk correspondence with friends and family, as she was keenly interested in the news from Court. In 1694, she suffered the loss of
608:), which had now been settled upon Lord Tweedale in the late Duke's will, while Ham House had been returned to Elizabeth. The Duchess sold some of her jewels as well as part of the late Duke's book collection to cover the interest on the mortgages. Despite the efforts of Lord Tweedale's son and even
575:
In 1673, she and her husband initiated a series of alterations to Ham House to enlarge and modernise the property according to the latest style. The infill of the southern face of the house enabled the creation of a set of royal chambers on the first floor as well as separate apartments for the Duke
479:
Upon her father's death in 1655, she inherited his titles, becoming
Countess of Dysart and Lady Huntingtower in her own right. In September 1658 one of her neighbours, Judith Isham, joked about her new title, writing that people "call her my Lady Dessert, she is soe takeing, expressing extraordinary
679:
Lauderdale acknowledged
Elizabeth's intervention in his will dated 13 July 1670, bequeathing her "...the summe of fifteen hundred pounds stirlin in gold...as a token of my gratitude for the paines and charges she was at in preserving my life when I was a prisoner in the year 1651..." In 1670, ÂŖ1500
503:
of 75 acres surrounding Ham House in recognition of "the service done by the late Earl of Dysart and his daughter". Her enemies accused her of witchcraft because of her political influence and she was subject to unfounded accusations of having had a liaison with
Cromwell. Her title as Countess of
370:
in 1648, a prudent choice for the daughter of a prominent
Royalist given his apparent lack of political involvement, and one that created a stable marriage. The following year, Ham House was placed in the hands of trustees administered by Lionel, to help secure the estate from the threat of
600:
over his debts and funeral expenses. Tweedale had insisted on an ostentatious burial for his brother and subsequently sent the bill to
Elizabeth, which triggered a dispute between them that persisted into the following decade.
524:
In 1669, her husband Lionel died in France and
Elizabeth became the sole owner of Ham House, along with other properties including Framsden Hall in Suffolk. Soon after Lionel's death she became the mistress of
612:, the dispute persisted until being settled in the Scottish courts in June 1688, who required Lord Tweedale to cover the debts, while assigning Elizabeth the responsibility for the funeral expenses.
346:, where she spent her childhood. Her father saw that she received a full education, which was unusual for women of the period, and her mother ensured she was prepared to run a household effectively.
529:, the Scottish noble and politician, and became involved in the intrigues and power struggles of the Restoration court through her influence upon him, as well as other Scottish aristocrats such as
632:
The
Duchess of Lauderdale died at the age of 71 on 5 June 1698 at Ham House. She is buried, according to her wishes, with other members of the Dysart family in a vault under the chancel of
472:. She was in correspondence with exiled supporters of Charles II and visited Europe often to convey letters to the King, despite being frequently pregnant and under the close scrutiny of
1034:
541:
of
Charles II and was appointed both Secretary of State and High Commissioner for Scotland. A month after their marriage, they travelled north to Scotland for the opening of the
596:. He resigned his government positions in September, at which point Elizabeth nursed him at Ham House. Maitland's death in April 1682 precipitated legal action by her brother-in-law
270:
in her own right. After her remarriage in 1672, she was also the
Duchess of Lauderdale. She was famous for the political influence she exercised and for her support for
643:, which was based on research within the Tollemache family archives. Several portraits of Elizabeth were painted throughout her life by a range of artists including
560:. Bruce offered to send her a sketch for the piers that would be an improvement on a design supplied by her mason, John Lampen, with Scottish stone supplied by
1660:
Letters Illustrative of Public Affairs in Scotland Addressed by Contemporary Statesmen to George, Earl of Aberdeen, Lord High Chancellor of Scotland, 1681â1684
362:, to spend time with William while also instructing her daughters in etiquette. Elizabeth developed a reputation for charisma and beauty, being described by
831:
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464:
tendencies. She also used that friendship to successfully plead for the life of John Maitland, the royalist Earl of Lauderdale, after his capture at the
358:, Elizabeth's father was often away from the family in service to the King. Her mother took the opportunity to travel along the Thames to the court at
588:
which affected her health for the rest of her life. In the same year, John's health also deteriorated after suffering a stroke as well as bouts of
663:
of Lely extended over decades, with four paintings of her, including the double portrait with John Maitland which remains on view at Ham House.
1838:
420:
191:
556:, seeking advice about a new gateway to the forecourt of Ham House in preparation for a planned visit by Charles II and his wife,
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in December 1671. He received a dukedom in May 1672, which then made Elizabeth the Duchess of Lauderdale. He was a member of the
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where, in defiance of tradition, Elizabeth decided to accompany her husband. Her insistence on chairs for herself and her
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Her code name was "Mrs. Grey" and her letters were later intercepted and monitored by the Commonwealth's secret service.
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on 5 December 1670, which also reaffirmed the ability of female heirs to inherit the title where no male heir existed.
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The Duke had mortgaged Ham House to fund the renovation of his Scottish properties (especially his favoured residence
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was the source of comment and condemnation. The pair became known for their influence, wealth and extravagance.
476:. Her dedication to the cause led her to develop a type of invisible ink to be used for secret correspondence.
499:
was crowned, he rewarded Elizabeth with an annual pension of ÂŖ800. She and her husband were also granted the
620:
449:
Elizabeth often based herself at Ham House after her mother's death in 1649. She became acquainted with the
390:
and removed from much of the upheaval of war. They had eleven children, five of whom survived to adulthood:
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1715:. Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art. New Haven, CT / London: Yale University Press.
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In late 1688, Elizabeth offered James II sanctuary at Ham House as he fled the advance of
564:. After some delay, the iron gates were made in England by Edward Harris and painted blue with
283:
639:
Elizabeth Murray was first described in popular literature in the 1975 book by Doreen Cripps,
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366:
as "...a pretty witty Lass." After some years of searching for a suitable match, she married
271:
255:, with whom she had eleven children. In 1672, three years after Lionel's death, she married
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656:
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533:. Elizabeth and John married in February 1672, after the death of his estranged first wife
489:
457:
327:
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872:
235:; 28 September 1626 â 5 June 1698) was a Scottish peeress. She was the eldest daughter of
8:
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568:. She quarrelled with Bruce over further works, and in 1674 wrote to a mutual cousin the
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1800:
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to help her trace her family lineage in order to complete the settlement of her family
267:
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873:"Benedetto Gennari: Elizabeth Murray, Duchess of Lauderdale, 1626 - 1691 (About 1679)"
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1035:"Elizabeth Campbell (nÊe Tollemache), Duchess of Argyll - National Portrait Gallery"
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1631:
Elizabeth of the Sealed Knot: a Biography of Elizabeth Murray, Countess of Dysart
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387:
397:, the eldest son, inherited the Earldom of Dysart on his mother's death in 1698.
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and received a well-rounded education from her parents. Her first husband was
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sivility to every person". A few years later, Elizabeth wrote to her kinsman
247:. She was raised in English court circles during the years leading up to the
25:
1758:
488:. The result was a pedigree which allowed her to trace her ancestry back to
1760:
Mistress of Ham : Elizabeth Maitland, Duchess of Lauderdale, 1626-1698
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468:. From 1653, she was affiliated with the secret Royalist organisation, the
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David Adshead, 'Altered with Skill and Dexterity', in Christopher Rowell,
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David Adshead, 'Altered with Skill and Dexterity', in Christopher Rowell,
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David Adshead, 'Altered with Skill and Dexterity', in Christopher Rowell,
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In 1660, ÂŖ800 was equivalent to 31 years' wages of a skilled tradesman.
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in the summer of 1647, and the connection provided a cover for her own
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Invisible Agents: Women and Espionage in Seventeenth-Century Britain
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At the start of their marriage, Sir Lionel and Lady Dysart lived at
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In January 1671, she wrote to her cousin, the Scottish architect
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St. Peter's Church, Petersham, where Elizabeth Murray is buried
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66:
282:, she actively supported the return of the monarchy after the
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Shortly after his brother's death, Tweedale was convicted of
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456:, probably when his army headquarters were located in nearby
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330:. Murray's birth was recorded in the baptismal register at
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Ham House and its Owners through Five Centuries 1610â2006
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1211:"The National Archives - Currency Converter: 1270â2017"
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1108:"The National Archives - Currency Converter: 1270â2017"
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In early 1680, Elizabeth suffered a severe attack of
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After her father's death, Maitland held the title of
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William Tollemache (1661â1694) was a captain in the
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711:the coinage while serving as Master-General of the
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680:covered the annual wages of 59 skilled tradesmen.
520:The Duke and Duchess of Lauderdale, by Peter Lely
386:, a wooded countryside near his family estate at
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1712:Ham House: 400 Years of Collecting and Patronage
334:in 1626. During that year, her parents moved to
294:. She died at the age of 71 at her family home,
274:during his exile. As an associate of the secret
314:Murray was the eldest of the five daughters of
306:, and is buried in the nearby parish church.
835:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1634:. Kineton, Warwickshire: Roundwood Press.
37:
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223:Elizabeth Maitland, Duchess of Lauderdale
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715:and was subjected to a substantial fine.
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832:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
504:Dysart was secured by the grant of new
259:and gained a prominent position in the
127: 1648; died 1669)
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765:"Memorial plaque for Katherine Murray"
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439:Lady Tollemache with a Black servant,
408:Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll
395:Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Earl of Dysart
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176:Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Earl of Dysart
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136:John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale
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429:John Gordon, 16th Earl of Sutherland
350:English Civil War and first marriage
215:Catherine Murray, Countess of Dysart
769:www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk
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1744:. London: Norfolk Record Society.
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316:William Murray, 1st Earl of Dysart
205:William Murray, 1st Earl of Dysart
155:
113:Sir Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet
14:
1900:
1709:Rowell, Christopher, ed. (2013).
862:
527:John Maitland, Earl of Lauderdale
1839:Burials at St Peter's, Petersham
322:. Dysart was a close friend and
1663:. Aberdeen: The Spalding Club.
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16:Scottish noblewoman (1626â1698)
1741:The Knyvett Letters, 1620-1644
1684:Richmond Local History Society
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490:King James II of Scotland
1:
1879:British duchesses by marriage
823:Rosalind K. Marshall (2004).
735:
629:her sons Thomas and William.
579:
440:
309:
1844:People from Richmond, London
856:UK public library membership
641:Elizabeth of the Sealed Knot
403:, lieutenant-general and MP.
97:St Peter's Church, Petersham
7:
1869:17th-century Scottish women
1757:Wilson, Michael I. (2018).
1738:Schofield, Bertram (1949).
877:National Galleries Scotland
558:Queen Catherine of Braganza
284:execution of Charles I
245:Earl and Countess of Dysart
10:
1905:
1676:Pritchard, Evelyn (2007).
1588:
826:"Elizabeth Murray in ODNB"
286:. She was also a lifelong
278:organisation known as the
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1595:Akkerman, Nadine (2018).
531:William, Duke of Hamilton
290:of artists, particularly
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31:The Duchess of Lauderdale
23:
1763:. Harrow: Barbon Books.
666:
332:St. Martin-in-the-Fields
1628:Cripps, Doreen (1975).
1603:Oxford University Press
1365:(Yale, 2013), pp. 97â9.
634:Petersham Parish Church
423:married James Stewart,
324:groom of the bedchamber
1859:Hereditary women peers
841:10.1093/ref:odnb/19601
625:
521:
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368:Sir Lionel Tollemache
985:(Yale, 2013), p. 96.
948:(Yale, 2013), p. 95.
458:Kingston-upon-Thames
421:Catherine Tollemache
192:Catherine Tollemache
185:Elizabeth Tollemache
154:; died
1874:Scottish countesses
1785:Peerage of Scotland
1657:Dunn, John (1851).
1581:, pp. 116â122.
1462:, pp. 157â158.
543:Scottish Parliament
466:Battle of Worcester
1889:17th-century spies
1801:Countess of Dysart
1215:Currency converter
1112:Currency converter
626:
606:Thirlestane Castle
570:Earl of Kincardine
522:
447:
268:Countess of Dysart
188:William Tollemache
1864:Tollemache family
1817:
1816:
1811:Lionel Tollemache
1808:Succeeded by
1770:978-0-9935429-1-6
1722:978-0-300-18540-9
1693:978-1-955-07172-7
1641:978-0-900-09343-2
1612:978-0-198-82301-8
1547:Petersham Village
1285:, pp. 66â68.
960:, pp. 13â14.
854:(Subscription or
726:William of Orange
657:Benedetto Gennari
547:ladies-in-waiting
401:Thomas Tollemache
356:English Civil War
253:Lionel Tollemache
249:English Civil War
220:
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181:Thomas Tollemache
63:28 September 1626
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388:Helmingham Hall
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320:Catherine Bruce
318:, and his wife
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1039:www.npg.org.uk
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933:Schofield 1949
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617:
614:
594:bladder stones
581:
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539:Cabal Ministry
535:Lady Anne Home
513:
510:
506:Letters Patent
495:In 1660, when
433:
432:
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380:Fakenham Magna
364:Thomas Knyvett
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328:Charles I
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261:restored court
237:William Murray
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82:(aged 71)
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54:
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9:
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1327:
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1308:
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1296:
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1248:
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1236:
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1200:, p. 72.
1199:
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1183:Akkerman 2018
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1103:
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1060:
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1018:
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1011:
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996:
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978:
972:, p. 14.
971:
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257:John Maitland
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239:and his wife
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1799:
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1759:
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1574:
1562:
1550:. Retrieved
1546:
1543:"Churchyard"
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1302:
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1242:
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1218:. Retrieved
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1205:
1178:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1111:
1102:
1090:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
1038:
1029:
1017:
990:
982:
977:
965:
953:
945:
940:
928:
916:
911:, p. 8.
904:
899:, p. 4.
892:
880:. Retrieved
876:
844:. Retrieved
830:
797:
785:
775:18 September
773:. Retrieved
768:
759:
754:, p. 1.
720:
703:
694:
685:
675:
653:Joan Carlile
640:
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562:Robert Mylne
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486:coat of arms
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265:
231:
222:
221:
80:(1698-06-05)
43:Portrait by
18:
1834:1698 deaths
1829:1626 births
1579:Rowell 2013
1567:Cripps 1975
1530:Cripps 1975
1515:Cripps 1975
1503:Cripps 1975
1448:Cripps 1975
1436:Cripps 1975
1421:Cripps 1975
1409:Rowell 2013
1397:Rowell 2013
1307:Cripps 1975
1295:Wilson 2018
1283:Wilson 2018
1271:Wilson 2018
1259:Cripps 1975
1235:Cripps 1975
1198:Cripps 1975
1156:Wilson 2018
1144:Rowell 2013
1132:Cripps 1975
1095:Cripps 1975
1083:Cripps 1975
1071:Cripps 1975
1059:Cripps 1975
1022:Wilson 2018
995:Cripps 1975
970:Cripps 1975
958:Cripps 1975
921:Cripps 1975
909:Cripps 1975
897:Cripps 1975
802:Cripps 1975
790:Rowell 2013
752:Cripps 1975
649:John Weesop
470:Sealed Knot
444: 1651
354:During the
280:Sealed Knot
78:5 June 1698
1823:Categories
1805:1655â1698
1702:1118277705
1682:. London:
1621:1048595615
1601:. Oxford:
882:4 February
858:required.)
736:References
645:Peter Lely
580:Later life
425:Lord Doune
415:Royal Navy
310:Early life
292:Peter Lely
59:1626-09-28
45:Peter Lely
1731:930829576
1669:758697755
1460:Dunn 1851
1363:Ham House
983:Ham House
946:Ham House
661:patronage
336:Ham House
296:Ham House
241:Catherine
104:Spouse(s)
85:Ham House
69:, England
47:, 1648â49
26:Her Grace
1552:1 August
1220:2 August
1117:2 August
1044:1 August
709:debasing
501:freehold
462:Royalist
340:Richmond
300:Richmond
276:Royalist
87:, London
1750:1231461
1650:1937689
1589:Sources
384:Suffolk
342:by the
338:, near
302:by the
160:
144:
140:
129:
121:
117:
1767:
1748:
1729:
1719:
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852:
846:6 July
659:. Her
590:scurvy
360:Oxford
344:Thames
304:Thames
288:patron
243:, the
232:Murray
230:
211:Mother
201:Father
150:
92:Buried
67:London
667:Notes
566:smalt
298:near
169:Issue
158:)
146:(
142:
123:(
119:
1765:ISBN
1746:OCLC
1727:OCLC
1717:ISBN
1698:OCLC
1688:ISBN
1665:OCLC
1646:OCLC
1636:ISBN
1617:OCLC
1607:ISBN
1554:2023
1222:2023
1119:2023
1046:2023
884:2017
848:2011
777:2023
655:and
592:and
586:gout
156:1682
152:1672
75:Died
53:Born
837:doi
492:.
382:in
375:.
326:of
228:nÊe
1825::
1725:.
1696:.
1686:.
1644:.
1615:.
1605:.
1545:.
1522:^
1479:^
1428:^
1389:^
1370:^
1314:^
1213:.
1190:^
1163:^
1110:.
1037:.
1002:^
875:.
864:^
829:.
809:^
767:.
744:^
651:,
647:,
636:.
441:c.
263:.
148:m.
125:m.
1773:.
1752:.
1733:.
1704:.
1671:.
1652:.
1623:.
1556:.
1224:.
1121:.
1048:.
886:.
850:.
839::
779:.
431:.
417:.
410:.
225:(
61:)
57:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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