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making women more cunning". By the age of 12, Elizabeth was fluent in several languages, including French, "which she spoke with ease and grace" and would later use to converse with her husband. She was also an excellent rider, had a thorough understanding of the
Protestant religion, and had an aptitude for writing letters that "sounded sincere and never stilted". She also was extremely literary, and "several mementoes of her early love of books exist".
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994:. The Bohemian nobles had to choose between "either accepting Ferdinand as their king after all or taking the ultimate step of deposing him". They decided on deposition, and, when others declined because of the risks involved, the Bohemians "pandered to the elector's royalist pretensions" and extended the invitation to Elizabeth's husband.
666:, and place her on the throne of England – and presumably the thrones of Ireland and Scotland – as a Catholic monarch. The conspirators chose Elizabeth after considering the other available options. Prince Henry, it was believed, would perish alongside his father. Charles was seen as too feeble (having only just learnt to walk) and
1137:. After declining conditions set out by King Gustavus Adolphus that would have seen the Swedish king assist in his restoration, the pair parted with Frederick heading back toward The Hague. He had been ill with an infection since the beginning of October 1632, and died on the morning of 29 November before reaching The Hague.
1235:. The relationships with her remaining living children also became somewhat estranged, although she did spend time with her growing number of grandchildren. She began to pay the price for having been "a distant mother to most of her own children", and the idea of going to England now was uppermost in her thoughts.
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Frederick arrived in
England on 16 October 1612, and the match seemed to please them both from the beginning. Their contemporaries noted how Frederick seemed to "delight in nothing but her company and conversation". Frederick also struck up a friendship with Elizabeth's elder brother, Prince Henry,
700:
Elizabeth was given a comprehensive education for a princess at that time. This education included instruction in natural history, geography, theology, languages, writing, music, and dancing. She was denied instruction in the classics as her father believed that "Latin had the unfortunate effect of
1154:
in 1648. She became a patron of the arts, and commissioned a larger family portrait to honour herself and her husband, to complement the impressive large seascape of her 1613 joyous entry to the
Netherlands. Her memorial family portrait of 1636 was outdone by Amalia van Solms, who commissioned the
939:
Although
Elizabeth and Frederick were considered to be genuinely in love and remained a romantic couple throughout the course of their marriage, problems already had begun to arise. Before the couple had left England, King James had made Frederick promise that Elizabeth "would take precedence over
882:
After almost a two-month stay in London for continued celebrations, the couple began their journey to join the
Electoral court in Heidelberg. The journey was filled with meeting people, sampling foods and wines, and being entertained by a wide variety of performers and companies. At each place the
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explored and mapped New
England and gave names to places mainly based on the names used by Native Americans. When Smith presented his map to Charles I, he suggested that the king should feel free to change the "barbarous names" for "English" ones. The king made many such changes, but only four
851:
and was a grand occasion that saw more royalty than ever visit the court of
England. The marriage was an enormously popular match and was the occasion for an outpouring of public affection with the ceremony described as "a wonder of ceremonial and magnificence even for that extravagant age".
1109:
Elizabeth arrived in The Hague in spring 1621 with only a small court. Elizabeth's sense of duty to assist her husband out of the political mess in which they had found themselves meant that "she became much more an equal, if not the stronger, partner in the marriage". Her lady-in-waiting,
824:
to be an unworthy match for her, were emboldened in their opposition". Elizabeth stood by
Frederick, whom her brother had approved, and whom she found to have the sentiments of a fine gentleman. Above all, he was "regarded as the future head of the Protestant interest in Germany".
816:. As the daughter of a king, the sister of a king, the wife of a king, and the mother of a future king, she also desired to be the mother of a queen. She is said to have been somewhat fond of Frederick's mild manner and generous nature but simply felt that he was of low stock.
1145:
When
Elizabeth received the news of Frederick's death, she became senseless with grief and for three days did not eat, drink, or sleep. When Charles I heard of Elizabeth's state, he invited her to return to England, but she refused. The rights of her son and Frederick's heir
772:
Most of her suitors were rejected quickly for a variety of reasons. Some simply were not of high enough birth, had no real prospects to offer, or in the case of
Gustavus Adolphus, who on all other grounds seemed like a perfect match, because "his country was at war with
1033:, was born in Prague one month after the coronation. There was great popular rejoicing. Thus, Frederick's reign in Bohemia had begun well, but only lasted one year. The Bohemian crown "had always been a corner-stone of Habsburg policy" and the heir, Ferdinand, now
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which delighted his prospective bride immensely. King James did not take into consideration the couple's happiness, but saw the match as "one step in a larger process of achieving domestic and European concord". The only person seemingly unhappy with the match was
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The military defeat removed the prospect of returning to Prague, and the entire family was forced to flee. They could no longer return to the Palatinate as it was occupied by the Catholic league and a Spanish contingent. So, after an invitation from the
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On 6 November 1612 Henry, Prince of Wales, died. His death took an emotional toll on Elizabeth, and her new position as second in line to the throne made her an even more desirable match. Queen Anne and those like-minded who had "always considered the
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Elizabeth filled her time with copious letter writing and making marriage matches for her children. Between Frederick's death in 1632 and her own 30 years later, she witnessed the deaths of four more of her ten surviving children: Gustavus in 1641,
863:'s "Epithalamion, Or Marriage Song on the Lady Elizabeth, and Count Palatine being married on St Valentine's Day". A contemporary author viewed the whole marriage as a prestigious event that saw England "lend her rarest gem, to enrich the Rhine".
769:, James, by simply "having children, could play an important role in dynastic politics". The selection of Elizabeth's spouse, therefore, had little to do with her personal preference and a great deal to do with the benefits the match could bring.
901:
Her arrival in Heidelberg was seen as "the crowning achievement of a policy which tried to give the Palatinate a central place in international politics" and was long anticipated and welcomed. Elizabeth's new husband transformed his seat at
1262:. Elizabeth arrived in England on 26 May 1661. By July, she was no longer planning on returning to The Hague and made plans for the remainder of her furniture, clothing, and other property to be sent to her. She then proceeded to move to
3481:: "ELIZABETH STUART.-Calderwood, after referring to a tumult in Edinburgh, says, that shortly before these events, the Queen (of James VI.) was delivered of a daughter in the palace of Dunfermline, on the 19th of August 1596.
997:
Frederick, although doubtful, was persuaded to accept. Elizabeth "appealed to his honour as a prince and a cavalier, and to his humanity as a Christian", aligning herself with him completely. The family moved to
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to welcome them. On 19 October 1603 "an order was issued under the privy seal announcing that the King had thought fit to commit the keeping and education of the Lady Elizabeth to the Lord Harrington [
2852:, the succession to the English and Scottish crowns (later British crown) was settled on Elizabeth's youngest daughter Sophia of Hanover and her issue. In August 1714, Sophia's son (Elizabeth's grandson)
883:
young couple stopped, Elizabeth was expected to distribute presents. The cash to allow her to do so was not readily available, so she had to use one of her own jewels as collateral so that the goldsmith
1293:, "a survivor of an earlier age, isolated and without a country she could really call her own", she was laid to rest among her ancestors and close to her beloved elder brother, Henry, Prince of Wales.
1165:
765:
Marriage could be of great benefit to her father's kingdom. When James had succeeded to the English throne in 1603, England had acquired a new role in European affairs. Unlike the childless
714:
As the daughter of a reigning monarch, the hand of the young Elizabeth was seen as a very desirable prize. Suitors came from across the continent and were many and varied. They included:
670:
too young. Elizabeth, on the other hand, had already attended formal functions, and the conspirators knew that "she could fulfil a ceremonial role despite her comparative youth".
842:
438:
571:, Elizabeth made the journey southward to England with her mother "in a triumphal progress of perpetual entertainment". On her father's birthday, 19 June, Elizabeth danced at
547:, was placed in their care as well. Elizabeth "did not pay particular attention to this younger sister", as even at this young age her affections were with her brother,
931:
1403:. Many other royal families are Sophia's, and therefore, Elizabeth's, descendants. Sophia came close to ascending to the British throne, but died two months before
1939:
1051:
Elizabeth is remembered as the "Winter Queen", and Frederick as the "Winter King", in reference to the brevity of their reign, and to the season of the battle.
4459:
859:, including mass feasts and lavish furnishings that cost nearly £50,000, and nearly bankrupted King James. Among many celebratory writings of the events was
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his mother ... and always be treated as if she were a Queen". This at times made life in the Palatinate uncomfortable for Elizabeth, as Frederick's mother
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The conspirators aimed to cause an uprising in the Midlands to coincide with the explosion in London and at this point secure Elizabeth's accession as a
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677:. She would then be brought up as a Catholic and later married to a Catholic bridegroom. The plot failed when the conspirators were betrayed, and
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1281:, the legendary Cavalier general". On the evening of 17 February, when her coffin (into which her remains had been placed the previous day) left
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777:'s native Denmark". Furthermore, England could not face another religious revolution, and therefore the religious pre-requisite was paramount.
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449:, while the Thirty Years' War continued. In her widowhood, she eventually returned to England, at the end of her own life, during the
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heir, Archduke Ferdinand, crowned King of Bohemia in 1617, was a fervent Catholic who brutally persecuted Protestants in his Duchy of
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623:, with whom she was to strike up a lifelong friendship. On 3 April 1604, Princess Elizabeth and her ladies rode from Coombe Abbey to
445:, and then left for his lands in Germany. Their marriage proved successful, but after they left Bohemia they spent years in exile in
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had "not expected to be demoted in favour of her young daughter-in-law" and, as such, their relationship was never more than civil.
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1150:"remained to be fought for". Elizabeth then fought for her son's rights, but she remained in The Hague even after he regained the
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of Hesse, the dukes of Brabant and Saxony, and the counts of Nassau and Leuven. He and Elizabeth also shared a common ancestor in
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of 1605 was to assassinate Elizabeth's father King James and the Protestant aristocracy, kidnap the nine-year-old Elizabeth from
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1071:. It was there on 6 January 1621 that she "in an easy labour lasting little more than an hour" was delivered of a healthy son,
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590:, an old Tudor hunting lodge near Weybridge. There was plague in London, and Prince Henry and Princess Elizabeth were moved to
52:
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3376:, devotes its early chapters to describing her 1613 wedding and the reputation she and her husband had in Europe at the time.
3040:"Elizabeth, Princess [Elizabeth Stuart] (1596–1662), queen of Bohemia and electress palatine, consort of Frederick V"
2950:
531:, and was then proclaimed by the heralds as "Lady Elizabeth". During her early life in Scotland, Elizabeth was brought up at
35:
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4638:"Daniel Naborowski – Na Oczy Królewny Angielskiej, Która Była Za Fryderykiem, Falcgrafem Reńskim, Obranym Królem Czeskim"
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wrote a short poem praising Elizabeth's eyes. He had seen her in 1609, when he visited London on a diplomatic mission.
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4466:, 25 oktober 2014 – 15 maart 2015 exhibition at the Hague Historical Museum about the rivalry between the two women
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ascended to the throne, with the future Royal family all his descendants and hence, also descendants of Elizabeth.
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was "an aristocratic republic in all but name", whose nobles elected the monarch. It was one of the few successful
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The Winter Queen: being the unhappy history of Elizabeth Stuart, electress palatine, queen of Bohemia; a romance
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states. The country had enjoyed a long period of religious freedom, but in March 1619, on the death of Emperor
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Her death caused little public stir as by then her "chief, if not only, claim to fame was as the mother of
1133:, were buried. Later that same month, Frederick said farewell to Elizabeth and set out on a journey to join
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1383:(26 September 1627 – 16 February 1650); also reported to have been born on 15 September 1629
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Each suitor brought to the proposed marriage the prospect of power and greatness for the young Elizabeth.
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795:. Frederick was of undeniably high lineage. His ancestors included the kings of Aragon and Sicily, the
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3919:"James 1 - volume 67: December 1611 Pages 96-109 Calendar of State Papers Domestic: James I, 1611-18"
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Portrait of Frederick believed to have been painted in 1613 the year of his marriage to Elizabeth by
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586:" on 25 July 1603. It seems likely that by this time the royal children already had been removed to
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1063:, Elizabeth already had left Prague and was awaiting the birth of her fifth child at the Castle of
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Elizabeth remained at court for a few weeks, but "there is no evidence that she was present at her
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1040:, would not yield. Frederick's reign ended with the defeat of Bohemian Protestant armies at the
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was executed in early 1649, and the surviving Stuart family was exiled during the years of the
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527:, her godmother, the young Elizabeth was christened on 28 November 1596 in the Chapel Royal at
524:
497:
414:. Born in Scotland, she was named in honour of her father's predecessor and cousin in England,
4148:
Tears of joy shed at the happy departure from Great Britaine, of... Frederick and Elizabeth...
4022:
Curran, Kevin (2006). "James I and fictional authority at the Palatine wedding celebrations".
3478:
3115:
Curran, Kevin (2006). "James I and fictional authority at the Palatine wedding celebrations".
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Tears of joy shed at the happy departure from Great Britaine, of... Frederick and Elizabeth...
1002:, where "the new King was received with genuine joy". Frederick was crowned officially in the
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While in exile Elizabeth produced eight more children, four boys and four girls. The last,
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Royal weddings in history: a Stuart Valentine, Elizabeth and Frederick, National Archives
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2004:
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Gold medal made circa 1616 depicting Elizabeth, Frederick, and their son, Frederick Henry
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803:. He was "a senior Prince of the Empire" and a staunch defender of the Protestant faith.
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1274:, bled from her lungs on 10 February 1662 and died soon after midnight on 13 February.
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was a scheme to replace her father with her on the throne, and forcibly raise her as a
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Descriptive and Historical Gazetteer of the Counties of Fife, Kinross, and Clackmannan
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2895:, England, in honour of Elizabeth, although she died before the house was completed.
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511:, on 19 August 1596 at 2 o'clock in the morning. King James rode to the bedside from
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to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland in the person of Elizabeth's nephew
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1118:, and married him in 1625. The two women became rivals at the court of The Hague.
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3438:"Zimní královna si české země dlouho neužila. Oliver Cromwell jí popravil bratra"
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The Marriage of prince Fredericke, and the King's daughter the Lady Elizabeth...
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The Marriage of prince Fredericke, and the King's daughter the Lady Elizabeth...
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1326:, had issue; married again Elisabeth Holländer von Berau (1659-1702), had issue
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It was celebrated with lavish and sophisticated festivities both in London and
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419:
418:. During Elizabeth Stuart's childhood, unbeknownst to her, part of the failed
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367:. Since her husband's reign in Bohemia lasted over one winter, she is called "
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4619:
Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States
3785:
3330:
Wilson, Peter H. (June 2008). "The Causes of the Thirty years War 1618–48".
3314:
Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States
3110:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 285–286.
3002:
1301:
Elizabeth and Frederick had 13 children, six of whom outlived their mother:
647:
4691:
4343:
Wilson, Peter H. (June 2008). "The Causes of the Thirty years War 618-48".
3688:
3544:"Elizabeth Stuart of Bohemia, the 'Winter Queen' | Royal Museums Greenwich"
3502:
3454:
3394:"Elizabeth Stuart of Bohemia, the 'Winter Queen' | Royal Museums Greenwich"
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1370:
1369:(7 July 1626 – 18 September 1651); married Prince Sigismund
1360:
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was caught by the King's soldiers before he was able to ignite the powder.
663:
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616:
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When Queen Elizabeth I of England died in 1603, Elizabeth Stuart's father,
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1285:, Rupert was the only one of her sons to follow the funeral procession to
1243:
4356:
3343:
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540:
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158:
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Portraits of Princess Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia and Electress Palatine
3809:
The Weaker Vessel: Woman's Lot in Seventeenth-Century England, part Two
3323:
Garden History: Philosophy and Design, 2000 BC – 2000 AD
3173:
The Weaker Vessel: Woman's Lot in Seventeenth-Century England, part Two
2911:
A poem in praise of Elizabeth was written by the courtier and poet Sir
1156:
860:
856:
678:
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847:
The wedding took place on 14 February 1613 at the royal chapel at the
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was appointed the princess's governess. Along with her elder brother,
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2871:, a peninsula, and today a town in the United States in the state of
1271:
1103:
911:
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928:. It was dubbed the "Eighth Wonder of the World" by contemporaries.
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in 1650, Henriette Marie in 1651, and Maurice in 1652. Her brother
967:
In 1619 Elizabeth's husband Frederick was one of those offered the
624:
423:
4717:"Archival material relating to Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia"
4687:"Tyll by Daniel Kehlmann review – plague, war and practical jokes"
3213:, Boston, New York: Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin company
4929:
4330:
The Thirty Years War, the Holy Roman Empire and Europe: 1618–1648
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The Thirty Years War, the Holy Roman Empire and Europe: 1618–1648
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was part of the political and religious turmoil setting off the
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Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Frederick V of the Palatinate
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after the death of her husband Frederick Henry in 1648–1651.
1025:
of Frederick and Elizabeth as king and queen of Bohemia, 1620
1014:
of Elizabeth as Queen of Bohemia followed three days later.
4190:
Asch, Ronald G. (2004), "Elizabeth, princess (1596–1662)",
508:
134:
752:, the King of Spain's nephew and heir to the Duke of Savoy
4594:(1909 ed.), Milton Keynes: Bibliolife, p. 411,
600:
4546:, Gloucestershire: Sutton publishing, pp. 146–149,
4222:
Garden History: Philosophy and Design, 2000 BC – 2000 AD
4085:(1909 ed.), Milton Keynes: Bibliolife, p. 29,
4002:(1909 ed.), Milton Keynes: Bibliolife, p. 45,
3874:(1909 ed.), Milton Keynes: Bibliolife, p. 23,
3653:
HMC Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Earl of Salisbury
2966:
The Correspondence of Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia
1395:(14 October 1630 – 8 June 1714); married
1353:
Louis (21 August 1624 – 24 December 1624)
1129:
where two of his siblings who had died young, Louis and
359:. The couple's selection for the crown by the nobles of
3772:
The Gunpowder Plot: Terror and Faith in 1605 (Part One)
3757:
The Gunpowder Plot: Terror and Faith in 1605 (Part One)
3640:
The Gunpowder Plot: Terror and Faith in 1605 (Part One)
3419:"Verehrt und verdammt: Die schöne Winterkönigin - WELT"
1270:, but by this time she was quite ill. Elizabeth caught
347:(19 August 1596 – 13 February 1662) was
947:
Elizabeth gave birth to three children in Heidelberg:
918:
style popular in England at the time. The garden, the
887:
would "provide her with suitable presents on credit".
543:. A couple of years later the king's second daughter,
390:
Princess Elizabeth was the only surviving daughter of
3944:
Wormald, Jenny (2004), "James VI and I (1566–1625)",
951:(sometimes called Henry Frederick) was born in 1614,
1306:
Henry Frederick, Hereditary Prince of the Palatinate
1059:
Fearing the worst, by the time of the defeat at the
949:
Frederick Henry, Hereditary Prince of the Palatinate
910:(i.e., English Building) for her, a monkey-house, a
793:
Frederick (Friedrich) V, Count Palatine of the Rhine
4806:14 February 1613 – 23 February 1623
4570:, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing, p. 150,
1389:(19 December 1628 – 14 January 1631)
232:
Henry Frederick, Electoral Prince of the Palatinate
4592:Elizabeth, electress palatine and queen of Bohemia
4083:Elizabeth, electress palatine and queen of Bohemia
4061:, Gloucestershire: Sutton publishing, p. 25,
4000:Elizabeth, electress palatine and queen of Bohemia
3898:, Gloucestershire: Sutton publishing, p. 20,
3872:Elizabeth, electress palatine and queen of Bohemia
3704:Martin Wiggins & Catherine Teresa Richardson,
3282:
3155:Elizabeth, electress palatine and queen of Bohemia
3038:
873:left of the "Thick Tower", 1645 by Matthäus Merian
523:, but not yet King of England. Named in honour of
429:Her father later arranged for her marriage to the
5479:
4838:4 November 1619 – 9 November 1620
3722:, Gloucestershire: Sutton publishing, p. 9,
3669:, Gloucestershire: Sutton publishing, p. 8,
3523:, Gloucestershire: Sutton publishing, p. 3,
3316:(Sentry (3rd) ed.), Boston: Houghton Mifflin
1350:(18 April 1622 – 11 February 1709)
1172:Triumph of the Winter Queen: Allegory of the Just
1125:, was born on 2 January 1632 and baptised in the
721:, son (and later successor) of the King of Sweden
5609:
2982:
2962:
563:, succeeded as King of England and Ireland. The
4520:The Winter Queen: The Story of Elizabeth Stuart
4478:The Winter Queen: The Story of Elizabeth Stuart
4435:The Winter Queen: The Story of Elizabeth Stuart
4387:The Winter Queen: The Story of Elizabeth Stuart
4372:Memoirs Relating to the Queen of Bohemia, Vol.1
3833:Memoirs Relating to the Queen of Bohemia, Vol.1
3695:, vol. 3 (London, 1838), pp. 20-1, 36, 38, 140.
3350:Williams, Deanne (2014), "A Dancing Princess,"
3258:The Winter Queen: The Story of Elizabeth Stuart
3146:Memoirs Relating to the Queen of Bohemia, Vol.1
2880:survive today, one of which is Cape Elizabeth.
1426:Ancestors of Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia
924:, was constructed by Elizabeth's former tutor,
4408:
4288:
4264:
4160:
4122:"A Point of View: The Winter Queen of Bohemia"
3845:
3593:
3220:"A Point of View: The Winter Queen of Bohemia"
3188:
725:Frederic Ulric, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
468:in 1714, Elizabeth's grandson by her daughter
5465:
5360:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
4888:
4874:
4589:
4080:
3997:
3869:
3152:
1933:
4522:, New York: Dorset Press, pp. 144–149,
4185:
4183:
4181:
3157:(1909 ed.), Milton Keynes: Bibliolife,
3049:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2867:was named in honour of the princess, as was
914:, and the beginnings of a new garden in the
515:, where he was attending the wedding of the
460:With the demise of Elizabeth's great-niece,
3352:Shakespeare and the Performance of Girlhood
1417:
519:. At the time of her birth, her father was
5472:
5458:
4881:
4867:
4739:
4725:
3987:, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, p. 36
3584:, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1952), pp. 336, 388.
3469:
3467:
1940:
1926:
1338:(1619–1682); had two illegitimate children
837:Portrait of Elizabeth by an unknown artist
828:
594:. Her mother, Anne of Denmark, produced a
51:
4178:
3620:remained in Scotland for the time being,
3569:Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1595-1597
3459:Memorials of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth
3280:
2927:which is largely set during her lifetime.
2917:The Winter Queen plays a seminal role in
1947: Family tree of the shift from the
1377:, Prince of Transylvania, on 16 June 1651
704:
30:For other people with similar names, see
5648:Heirs presumptive to the Scottish throne
5386:
5292:
5248:
5219:
5192:
5123:
5089:
3101:"Elizabeth (daughter of James I.)"
3094:
1242:
1077:
1016:
930:
889:
865:
832:
779:
735:Theophilus Howard, Lord Howard of Walden
688:
646:
491:
265:Prince Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern
5653:Heirs presumptive to the English throne
4684:
4613:
4565:
4541:
4498:
4496:
4480:, New York: Dorset Press, p. 109,
4369:
4249:
4204:
4192:Oxford dictionary of national biography
4119:
4056:
3946:Oxford dictionary of national biography
3943:
3893:
3830:
3717:
3664:
3518:
3464:
3311:
3237:
3217:
3143:
3046:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1413:(14 January 1632 – 1641)
1381:John Philip Frederick of the Palatinate
1086:portrait, Elizabeth's oldest daughter,
741:Otto, Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Kassel
693:Elizabeth, aged about 10 years old, by
257:Louise Hollandine, Abbess of Maubuisson
208: 1613; died 1632)
27:Electress Palatine and British princess
14:
5683:German people of the Thirty Years' War
5610:
4507:, London: Hodder and Stoughton Limited
4437:, New York: Dorset Press, p. 85,
4389:, New York: Dorset Press, p. 72,
4342:
4315:The European Dynastic State: 1494–1660
4312:
4234:
4219:
4145:
4021:
3982:
3963:, New York: Dorset Press, p. 21,
3806:
3769:
3754:
3637:
3512:
3329:
3320:
3242:, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing,
3170:
3114:
3088:The European Dynastic State: 1494–1660
3085:
3027:
2898:
1792:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1550:
1440:
1436:
1320:Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine
535:, where she was placed in the care of
5453:
4862:
4685:Cummins, Anthony (18 February 2020).
4636:Mariusz Górniak, Roman Mazurkiewicz.
4332:, London: Macmillan Press, p. 55
4104:
3501:, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1952), p. 306:
3357:
3018:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2777:
2765:
2763:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2710:
2703:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2682:
2675:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2529:
2514:
2512:
2505:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2471:
2431:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2377:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2239:
2237:
2230:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2077:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1868:
1858:
1854:
1842:
1836:
1826:
1810:
1800:
1796:
1780:
1774:
1764:
1748:
1738:
1734:
1722:
1716:
1706:
1690:
1680:
1676:
1652:
1642:
1626:
1616:
1612:
1600:
1594:
1584:
1568:
1558:
1554:
1538:
1535:James I of England and VI of Scotland
1532:
1522:
1506:
1496:
1492:
1480:
1474:
1464:
1448:
1444:
1135:the king of Sweden on the battlefield
1067:, about 80 km (50 mi) from
906:, creating between 1610 and 1613 the
897:(Elizabeth Gate) of Heidelberg Castle
877:
627:. The Mayor and Aldermen met her at "
242:Elisabeth, Princess-Abbess of Herford
36:Elisabeth of Bohemia (disambiguation)
4517:
4502:
4493:
4475:
4432:
4384:
4327:
4189:
3958:
3571:, vol. 12 (Edinburgh, 1952), p. 387.
3365:, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul,
3354:(New York: Palgrave, 2014): 127-148.
3255:
3076:
1344:(16 January 1621 – 1 September 1652)
1044:(which ended the first phase of the
433:Frederick V, a senior prince of the
5582:Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
3850:, London: Abelard, pp. 11–12,
3706:British Drama, 1533-1642: 1603-1608
3206:
2987:, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2969:, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1813:Ulrich, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
1451:Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox
1411:Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate
1397:Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover
1348:Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate
1336:Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine
1092:Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate
986:, this seemed about to change. The
962:
72:Electress consort of the Palatinate
24:
5399:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
4658:
4590:Everett Green, Mary Anne (2010) ,
4150:, London: Thomas Archer, p. 3
4120:Jardine, Lisa (24 February 2013).
4109:, London: Thomas Creede, p. 1
4081:Everett Green, Mary Anne (2010) ,
3998:Everett Green, Mary Anne (2010) ,
3870:Everett Green, Mary Anne (2010) ,
3708:, vol. 5 (Oxford, 2015), pp. 51-2.
3507:Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland
3218:Jardine, Lisa (24 February 2013).
3153:Everett Green, Mary Anne (2010) ,
2951:Scotland and the Thirty Years' War
2885:William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven
750:Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont
745:Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
554:
81:14 February 1613 –
25:
5749:
5713:Scottish people of Polish descent
5708:Scottish people of French descent
5698:Scottish people of German descent
5693:Scottish people of Danish descent
4737:National Portrait Gallery, London
4709:
4621:(Sentry edition (3rd) ed.),
4409:Gorst-Williams, Jessica (1977) ,
4289:Gorst-Williams, Jessica (1977) ,
4265:Gorst-Williams, Jessica (1977) ,
4224:, London: Spon Press, p. 149
4161:Gorst-Williams, Jessica (1977) ,
3846:Gorst-Williams, Jessica (1977) ,
3655:, vol. 15 (London, 1930), p. 143.
3594:Gorst-Williams, Jessica (1977) ,
3582:Calendar of State Papers Scotland
3499:Calendar of State Papers Scotland
3495:Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Hearts
3435:
3275:Prince Rupert: the Last Cavalier,
3189:Gorst-Williams, Jessica (1977) ,
3000:
2985:Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Hearts
2930:Elizabeth is a main character in
1367:Henriette Marie of the Palatinate
1357:Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern
1312:Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine
1116:Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
642:
247:Prince Rupert, Duke of Cumberland
237:Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine
99:4 November 1619 –
5703:English people of German descent
5597:Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este
5073:
4374:, London: Longhurst, p. 273
4252:Prince Rupert: The Last Cavalier
4239:, London: Routledge, p. 482
4207:Prince Rupert: The Last Cavalier
4036:10.1111/j.1477-4658.2006.00113.x
3745:, vol. 1 (London, 1828), p. 429.
3693:Illustrations of British History
3461:, vol. 2 (London, 1754), p. 112.
3129:10.1111/j.1477-4658.2006.00113.x
3036:
1203:
1183:
1164:
654:painted in 1797 by Maria Johnson
453:of her nephew, and is buried in
334:
5577:Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark
4678:
4652:
4629:
4607:
4583:
4559:
4535:
4511:
4469:
4450:
4426:
4413:, London: Abelard, p. 57,
4402:
4378:
4363:
4336:
4321:
4306:
4293:, London: Abelard, p. 45,
4282:
4269:, London: Abelard, p. 35,
4258:
4243:
4228:
4213:
4198:
4165:, London: Abelard, p. 40,
4154:
4139:
4113:
4098:
4074:
4050:
4015:
3991:
3976:
3952:
3937:
3911:
3887:
3863:
3839:
3835:, London: Longhurst, p. 83
3824:
3811:, London: Phoenix, p. 71,
3800:
3778:
3763:
3748:
3735:
3711:
3698:
3682:
3658:
3646:
3631:
3611:
3587:
3574:
2956:
205:
5404:Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este
5355:Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick
4254:, London: Routledge, p. 6
4209:, London: Routledge, p. 7
3786:"Guy Fawkes and Bonfire Night"
3774:, London: Phoenix, p. 141
3759:, London: Phoenix, p. 140
3598:, London: Abelard, p. 4,
3561:
3536:
3484:
3448:
3429:
3411:
3386:
1322:, Duchess of Orleans; married
1029:The royal couple's third son,
737:, later second Earl of Suffolk
410:; she was the elder sister of
13:
1:
5738:Frederick V of the Palatinate
5673:Electresses of the Palatinate
5592:Elisabeth Auguste of Sulzbach
5532:Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
5481:Electresses of the Palatinate
5350:Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
4910:
3743:Progresses of James the First
3642:, London: Phoenix, p. 70
3380:
3363:The Rosicrucian Enlightenment
487:
480:, initiating the rule of the
357:Frederick V of the Palatinate
194:Frederick V, Elector Palatine
62:
5718:Burials at Westminster Abbey
5633:17th-century Scottish people
5440:also titled Queen of Bohemia
5345:Claudia Felicitas of Austria
4317:, New York: OUP, p. 190
3624:had died in spring 1600 and
3312:Stewart, George R. (1967) ,
3289:, Boston: Houghton Mifflin,
3070:UK public library membership
3004:Guy Fawkes and Bonfire Night
1399:, had issue, including King
1393:Sophia, Electress of Hanover
1268:Leicester House, Westminster
1152:Electorate of the Palatinate
1140:
1114:, soon became involved with
806:
786:Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt
684:
462:Anne, Queen of Great Britain
285:Sophia, Electress of Hanover
59:Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt
57:Portrait by the Workshop of
7:
5638:17th-century Scottish women
5587:Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici
5409:Caroline Augusta of Bavaria
5330:Maria Leopoldine of Austria
5300:Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
5102:Elizabeth Richeza of Poland
5056:Elizabeth Richeza of Poland
5005:Elisabeth of Greater Poland
4237:The Organ: An Encyclopaedia
3985:Fractured Europe: 1600–1721
3232:The Organ: An Encyclopedia,
2944:
2698:James Francis Edward Stuart
2370:Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg
1387:Charlotte of the Palatinate
1330:Elisabeth of the Palatinate
1211:Elizabeth Stuart as a Widow
1192:Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia
1088:Elisabeth of the Palatinate
719:Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
441:in the Chapel Royal in the
349:Electress of the Palatinate
18:Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia
10:
5754:
5733:Mothers of German monarchs
5723:Children of James VI and I
5643:17th-century English women
4913:870–1198 (Duchesses)
4802:Electress consort Palatine
4411:Elizabeth the Winter Queen
4291:Elizabeth the Winter Queen
4267:Elizabeth the Winter Queen
4163:Elizabeth the Winter Queen
3848:Elizabeth the Winter Queen
3596:Elizabeth the Winter Queen
3509:(Edinburgh, 1830), p. 164.
3260:, New York: Dorset Press,
3191:Elizabeth the Winter Queen
2518:Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1786:
1751:Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg
1670:
1544:
1477:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
1438:
1254:In 1660, the Stuarts were
1229:Charles I, King of England
916:Italian Renaissance garden
840:
709:
658:Part of the intent of the
629:Jabet's Ash on Stoke-green
29:
5668:Queens consort of Bohemia
5572:Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel
5487:
5436:
5377:
5340:Margaret Theresa of Spain
5283:
5239:
5212:
5183:
5114:
5082:
5071:
5036:Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen
5018:
4909:
4900:
4840:
4831:
4818:
4808:
4799:
4786:
4781:
4754:
4566:Plowden, Alison (2003) ,
4542:Plowden, Alison (2003) ,
4518:Ross, Josephine (1986) ,
4476:Ross, Josephine (1986) ,
4433:Ross, Josephine (1986) ,
4385:Ross, Josephine (1986) ,
4370:Erskine, Frances (1825),
4345:English Historical Review
4250:Spencer, Charles (2008),
4205:Spencer, Charles (2008),
4057:Plowden, Alison (2003) ,
3983:Sturdy, David J. (2002),
3959:Ross, Josephine (1986) ,
3894:Plowden, Alison (2003) ,
3831:Erskine, Frances (1825),
3807:Fraser, Antonia (2002) ,
3770:Fraser, Antonia (2002) ,
3755:Fraser, Antonia (2002) ,
3718:Plowden, Alison (2003) ,
3665:Plowden, Alison (2003) ,
3638:Fraser, Antonia (2002) ,
3519:Plowden, Alison (2003) ,
3332:English Historical Review
3285:The Winter Queen: A Novel
3256:Ross, Josephine (1986) ,
3238:Plowden, Alison (2003) ,
3144:Erskine, Frances (1825),
3081:, London: Macmillan Press
2983:Akkerman, Nadine (2021),
2963:Akkerman, Nadine (2011),
2843:
2785:
2775:
2771:
2748:
2746:
2708:
2680:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2628:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2598:
2596:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2570:
2566:
2550:
2548:
2533:
2531:
2503:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2409:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2308:
2306:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2256:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2191:
2189:
2181:
2179:
2163:
2161:
2135:
2133:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2047:
2045:
1856:
1848:
1820:
1798:
1794:
1758:
1736:
1728:
1700:
1678:
1674:
1636:
1614:
1606:
1578:
1556:
1552:
1516:
1494:
1486:
1458:
1442:
1401:George I of Great Britain
1342:Maurice of the Palatinate
1324:Marie Luise von Degenfeld
1316:Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel
631:". She heard a sermon in
330:
320:
310:
298:
215:
187:
172:
144:
124:
120:
106:
95:
88:
77:
70:
50:
45:
5552:Louise Juliana of Nassau
5019:1198–1306 (Queens)
4834:Queen consort of Bohemia
4795:Louise Juliana of Nassau
4313:Bonney, Richard (1991),
4235:Kassel, Richard (2006),
3281:Stevenson, Jane (2002),
3273:Spencer, Charles (2008)
3230:Kassel, Richard (2006),
3171:Fraser, Antonia (2002),
3086:Bonney, Richard (1991),
2904:The Polish baroque poet
2541:(No legitimate children)
2020:Christian III of Denmark
1693:Christian III of Denmark
1418:Ancestry and family tree
1296:
1238:
1061:Battle of White Mountain
1054:
1042:Battle of White Mountain
1010:on 4 November 1619. The
758:, newly widowed in 1611.
730:Prince Maurice of Nassau
290:Prince Gustavus Adolphus
270:Princess Henriette Marie
90:Queen consort of Bohemia
5628:People from Dunfermline
5200:Elizabeth of Luxembourg
5010:Hellicha of Wittelsbach
4462:20 January 2018 at the
4146:Allyne, Robert (1613),
3548:Royal Museums Greenwich
3497:(Oxford, 2021), p. 19:
3398:Royal Museums Greenwich
3107:Encyclopædia Britannica
3032:, London: Thomas Archer
3028:Allyne, Robert (1613),
3023:, London: Thomas Creede
2126:Frederick II of Denmark
1719:Frederick II of Denmark
829:Marriage to Frederick V
275:Prince Philip Frederick
5502:Elisabeth of Nuremberg
5256:Barbara of Brandenburg
5156:Elizabeth of Pomerania
4661:"Elizabeth of Bohemia"
3923:British History Online
2850:Act of Settlement 1701
2815:Predeceased his mother
1318:, had issue including
1251:
1094:
1082:Detail of 1636 family
1048:) on 8 November 1620.
1026:
936:
898:
874:
838:
788:
705:Courtship and marriage
697:
695:Robert Peake the Elder
655:
525:Elizabeth I of England
503:Elizabeth was born at
500:
498:Robert Peake the Elder
496:Elizabeth at age 7 by
384:
376:
5567:Maria Anna of Austria
5562:Elisabeth of Lorraine
5424:Zita of Bourbon-Parma
4990:Gertrude of Babenberg
4960:Świętosława of Poland
4945:Judith of Schweinfurt
4812:Elisabeth of Lorraine
4568:The Stuart Princesses
4544:The Stuart Princesses
4503:Oman, Carola (1938),
4328:Asch, Ronald (1997),
4059:The Stuart Princesses
3896:The Stuart Princesses
3720:The Stuart Princesses
3667:The Stuart Princesses
3580:M. S. Giuseppi, ed.,
3521:The Stuart Princesses
3240:The Stuart Princesses
3077:Asch, Ronald (1997),
3055:10.1093/ref:odnb/8638
2883:According to legend,
2865:Southeastern Virginia
1839:Sophie of Mecklenburg
1359:(1625–1663); married
1314:(1617–1680); married
1246:
1081:
1020:
934:
893:
869:
836:
783:
692:
650:
604:] and his wife".
495:
5547:Anne of Ostfriesland
5419:Elisabeth of Bavaria
5394:Maria Luisa of Spain
5266:Anne of Foix-Candale
5151:Anna von Schweidnitz
5131:Elizabeth of Bohemia
5031:Constance of Hungary
5000:Elizabeth of Hungary
4721:UK National Archives
4505:Elizabeth of Bohemia
4220:Turner, Tom (2005),
3325:, London: Spon Press
3321:Turner, Tom (2005),
2111:Mary, Queen of Scots
1871:Elizabeth of Denmark
1597:Mary, Queen of Scots
1308:(1614–1629); drowned
1215:Gerard van Honthorst
1176:Gerard van Honthorst
1090:, and youngest son,
5658:Scottish princesses
5527:Dorothea of Denmark
5517:Margaret of Bavaria
5414:Maria Anna of Savoy
5325:Maria Anna of Spain
5136:Beatrice of Bourbon
5046:Kunigunda of Halych
5041:Margaret of Austria
5026:Adelaide of Meissen
4995:Judith of Thuringia
4985:Adelaide of Hungary
4975:Helbirga of Austria
4965:Wirpirk of Tengling
4955:Adelaide of Hungary
4024:Renaissance Studies
3425:. 15 November 2011.
3207:Hay, Marie (1910),
3193:, London: Abelard,
3175:, London: Phoenix,
3148:, London: Longhurst
3117:Renaissance Studies
2899:Literary references
2241:Dorothea of Denmark
1571:James V of Scotland
1291:chapel of Henry VII
1279:Rupert of the Rhine
1023:Balthasar Moncornet
1004:St. Vitus Cathedral
849:Palace of Whitehall
801:Henry II of England
791:The man chosen was
756:Philip III of Spain
633:St Michael's Church
584:parents' coronation
565:Countess of Kildare
443:Palace of Whitehall
139:Kingdom of Scotland
5728:Daughters of kings
5663:English princesses
5542:Elisabeth of Hesse
5537:Amalia of Neuenahr
5522:Sibylle of Bavaria
5492:Elisabeth of Namur
5261:Beatrice of Naples
5227:Joanna of Rožmitál
5051:Judith of Habsburg
4920:Ludmila of Bohemia
4845:Title next held by
4823:Title last held by
4791:Title last held by
4615:Stewart, George R.
4357:10.1093/ehr/cen160
3788:. Bonfirenight.net
3344:10.1093/ehr/cen160
3234:London: Routledge.
3007:, Bonfirenight.net
2848:Under the English
2811:Duke of Gloucester
2509:Elector of Hanover
1252:
1196:François Dieussart
1095:
1035:Holy Roman Emperor
1027:
976:Kingdom of Bohemia
937:
899:
878:Electress Palatine
875:
839:
789:
698:
656:
607:Under the care of
505:Dunfermline Palace
501:
451:Stuart Restoration
280:Princess Charlotte
167:Kingdom of England
131:Dunfermline Palace
115:St Vitus Cathedral
5605:
5604:
5512:Margaret of Savoy
5447:
5446:
5432:
5431:
5379:Habsburg-Lorraine
5373:
5372:
5279:
5278:
5235:
5234:
5208:
5207:
5179:
5178:
5166:Sophia of Bavaria
5161:Joanna of Bavaria
5141:Blanche of Valois
5110:
5109:
5069:
5068:
4855:
4854:
4809:Succeeded by
3068:(Subscription or
2924:The Baroque Cycle
2906:Daniel Naborowski
2841:
2840:
2837:
2836:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1375:George II Rákóczi
1287:Westminster Abbey
1194:, circa 1641, by
1046:Thirty Years' War
969:throne of Bohemia
904:Heidelberg Castle
533:Linlithgow Palace
472:succeeded to the
470:Sophia of Hanover
455:Westminster Abbey
435:Holy Roman Empire
406:, and his queen,
377:Die Winterkönigin
365:Thirty Years' War
342:
341:
180:Westminster Abbey
16:(Redirected from
5745:
5688:1596 in Scotland
5557:Elizabeth Stuart
5507:Matilda of Savoy
5474:
5467:
5460:
5451:
5450:
5384:
5383:
5335:Eleonora Gonzaga
5320:Eleonora Gonzaga
5315:Elizabeth Stuart
5305:Maria of Austria
5290:
5289:
5246:
5245:
5217:
5216:
5190:
5189:
5171:Barbara of Cilli
5121:
5120:
5087:
5086:
5077:
5061:Viola of Teschen
4970:Lukarta of Bogen
4912:
4907:
4906:
4883:
4876:
4869:
4860:
4859:
4849:Eleonora Gonzaga
4777:
4776:13 February 1662
4770:
4756:Elizabeth Stuart
4752:
4751:
4743:
4729:
4724:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4682:
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4675:
4673:
4671:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4640:. Staropolska.pl
4633:
4627:
4626:
4623:Houghton Mifflin
4611:
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4054:
4048:
4047:
4019:
4013:
4012:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3961:The Winter Queen
3956:
3950:
3949:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3932:
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3915:
3909:
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3891:
3885:
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3446:
3445:
3436:Prima, F. T. V.
3433:
3427:
3426:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3390:
3375:
3347:
3338:(502): 554–586.
3326:
3317:
3299:
3288:
3277:London: Phoenix.
3270:
3252:
3227:
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3185:
3167:
3149:
3140:
3111:
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3091:
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3061:
3042:
3037:Asch, Ronald G.
3033:
3024:
3015:
3014:
3012:
2997:
2979:
2507:Ernest Augustus,
2489:James VII and II
2353:Elizabeth Stuart
1960:
1959:
1953:House of Hanover
1942:
1935:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1655:Elizabeth Stuart
1509:Margaret Douglas
1432:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1207:
1187:
1168:
1112:Amalia van Solms
1102:, they moved to
1100:Prince of Orange
963:Queen of Bohemia
921:Hortus Palatinus
885:Abraham Harderet
619:, Elizabeth met
537:Lord Livingstone
521:King of Scotland
482:House of Hanover
396:King of Scotland
369:the Winter Queen
353:Queen of Bohemia
345:Elizabeth Stuart
338:
209:
207:
176:17 February 1662
151:
148:13 February 1662
112:7 November 1619
102:
84:
83:23 February 1623
64:
55:
46:Elizabeth Stuart
43:
42:
32:Elizabeth Stuart
21:
5753:
5752:
5748:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5743:
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5678:House of Stuart
5608:
5607:
5606:
5601:
5497:Beatrix of Berg
5483:
5478:
5448:
5443:
5428:
5387:1780–1918
5369:
5293:1526–1780
5275:
5271:Mary of Hungary
5249:1471–1526
5231:
5220:1457–1471
5204:
5193:1437–1457
5175:
5146:Anne of Bavaria
5124:1310–1437
5106:
5097:Anne of Bohemia
5090:1306–1310
5078:
5065:
5014:
4980:Richeza of Berg
4896:
4887:
4846:
4837:
4824:
4814:
4805:
4792:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4761:House of Stuart
4757:
4715:
4712:
4707:
4697:
4695:
4683:
4679:
4669:
4667:
4659:Wotton, Henry.
4657:
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4530:
4516:
4512:
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4494:
4488:
4474:
4470:
4464:Wayback Machine
4457:Rivals at Court
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3647:
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3616:
3612:
3606:
3592:
3588:
3579:
3575:
3567:M. S Guiseppi,
3566:
3562:
3552:
3550:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3517:
3513:
3491:Nadine Akkerman
3489:
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3297:
3268:
3250:
3201:
3183:
3165:
3090:, New York: OUP
3067:
3059:
3057:
3010:
3008:
2995:
2977:
2959:
2947:
2932:Daniel Kehlmann
2919:Neal Stephenson
2901:
2861:Elizabeth River
2846:
2813:
2810:
2809:Prince William,
2713:
2712:Sophia Dorothea
2517:
2516:George William,
2508:
2498:
2474:
2369:
2233:
1949:House of Stuart
1946:
1917:
1777:Anne of Denmark
1420:
1299:
1289:. There in the
1248:Leicester House
1241:
1218:
1208:
1199:
1190:Marble bust of
1188:
1179:
1169:
1143:
1127:Cloister Church
1057:
965:
926:Salomon de Caus
880:
845:
831:
809:
712:
707:
687:
645:
557:
555:Move to England
490:
408:Anne of Denmark
355:as the wife of
325:Anne of Denmark
294:
228:
227:
211:
203:
199:
196:
183:
177:
155:Leicester House
153:
149:
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101:8 November 1620
100:
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4957:
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4947:
4942:
4937:
4935:Emma of Mělník
4932:
4927:
4922:
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4904:
4898:
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4890:Royal consorts
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4769:19 August 1596
4758:
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4711:
4710:External links
4708:
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4105:Anon. (1613),
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3741:John Nichols,
3734:
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3359:Yates, Frances
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3112:
3098:, ed. (1911).
3096:Chisholm, Hugh
3092:
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3019:Anon. (1613),
3016:
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2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:James VI and I
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1956:
1955:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1364:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1309:
1298:
1295:
1283:Somerset House
1240:
1237:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1189:
1182:
1180:
1170:
1163:
1142:
1139:
1056:
1053:
964:
961:
942:Louise Juliana
908:Englischer Bau
895:Elisabethentor
879:
876:
871:Englischer Bau
841:Main article:
830:
827:
808:
805:
760:
759:
753:
747:
738:
732:
727:
722:
711:
708:
706:
703:
686:
683:
660:Gunpowder Plot
644:
643:Gunpowder Plot
641:
637:St Mary's Hall
613:Lady Harington
577:Robert Cecil's
556:
553:
539:and his wife,
517:Earl of Orkney
489:
486:
474:British throne
466:Stuart monarch
420:Gunpowder Plot
392:James VI and I
385:Zimní královna
340:
339:
332:
328:
327:
322:
318:
317:
315:James VI and I
312:
308:
307:
302:
296:
295:
293:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
259:
254:
252:Prince Maurice
249:
244:
239:
234:
223:
222:
221:
219:
213:
212:
201:
197:
192:
191:
189:
185:
184:
178:
174:
170:
169:
152:(aged 65)
146:
142:
141:
128:19 August 1596
126:
122:
121:
118:
117:
110:
104:
103:
97:
93:
92:
86:
85:
79:
75:
74:
68:
67:
56:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5750:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5486:
5482:
5475:
5470:
5468:
5463:
5461:
5456:
5455:
5452:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5310:Anna of Tyrol
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5238:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5211:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5076:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4950:Ida of Wettin
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4884:
4879:
4877:
4872:
4870:
4865:
4864:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4827:Anna of Tyrol
4821:
4817:
4813:
4804:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4789:
4785:
4782:Royal titles
4780:
4775:
4768:
4763:
4762:
4753:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4713:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4681:
4666:
4662:
4655:
4639:
4632:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4603:
4601:9781117402697
4597:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4577:0-7509-3238-4
4573:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4553:0-7509-3238-4
4549:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4529:0-88029-068-4
4525:
4521:
4514:
4506:
4499:
4497:
4489:
4487:0-88029-068-4
4483:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4453:
4446:
4444:0-88029-068-4
4440:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4416:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4396:0-88029-068-4
4392:
4388:
4381:
4373:
4366:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4339:
4331:
4324:
4316:
4309:
4302:
4296:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4272:
4268:
4261:
4253:
4246:
4238:
4231:
4223:
4216:
4208:
4201:
4194:, Oxford: OUP
4193:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4174:
4168:
4164:
4157:
4149:
4142:
4127:
4123:
4116:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4092:9781117402697
4088:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4068:0-7509-3238-4
4064:
4060:
4053:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4009:9781117402697
4005:
4001:
3994:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3970:0-88029-068-4
3966:
3962:
3955:
3948:, Oxford: OUP
3947:
3940:
3924:
3920:
3914:
3907:
3905:0-7509-3238-4
3901:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3881:9781117402697
3877:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3814:
3810:
3803:
3787:
3781:
3773:
3766:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3738:
3731:
3729:0-7509-3238-4
3725:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3701:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3678:
3676:0-7509-3238-4
3672:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3649:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3607:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3577:
3570:
3564:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3532:
3530:0-7509-3238-4
3526:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3480:
3476:
3473:M. Barbieri,
3470:
3468:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3399:
3395:
3389:
3385:
3374:
3372:0-7100-7380-1
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3307:
3306:0-618-38267-4
3303:
3300:(alternative
3298:
3296:0-618-14912-0
3292:
3287:
3286:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3267:0-88029-068-4
3263:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3249:0-7509-3238-4
3245:
3241:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3166:
3164:9781117402697
3160:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3006:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2994:9780199668304
2990:
2986:
2981:
2978:
2976:9780199551088
2972:
2968:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2889:Ashdown House
2886:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2834:
2831:
2816:
2812:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2769:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2736:
2735:(No children)
2728:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2663:
2661:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2637:
2626:
2618:
2616:
2608:
2606:
2593:
2590:
2585:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2542:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2447:
2445:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2419:
2417:
2397:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2354:
2347:
2327:
2324:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2288:
2280:
2278:
2259:
2252:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2235:
2218:
2198:
2196:
2142:
2140:
2127:
2112:
2092:
2089:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2006:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:Mary of Guise
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:, brother of
1372:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1303:
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1288:
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1080:
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1070:
1066:
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1036:
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1031:Prince Rupert
1024:
1021:Engraving by
1019:
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1013:
1009:
1008:Prague Castle
1005:
1001:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
972:
970:
960:
958:
955:in 1617, and
954:
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680:
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669:
665:
661:
653:
649:
640:
638:
635:and dined in
634:
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573:Worksop Manor
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526:
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510:
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268:
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5314:
5241:Jagiellonian
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5083:Non-dynastic
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4847:
4841:
4832:
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4800:
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4759:
4696:. Retrieved
4692:The Guardian
4690:
4680:
4668:. Retrieved
4664:
4654:
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4631:
4625:, p. 38
4618:
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4215:
4206:
4200:
4191:
4172:0-200-72472X
4162:
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4147:
4141:
4129:. Retrieved
4126:BBC Magazine
4125:
4115:
4106:
4100:
4082:
4076:
4058:
4052:
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3960:
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3922:
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3780:
3771:
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3689:Edmund Lodge
3684:
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3648:
3639:
3633:
3628:in May 1602.
3613:
3605:0-200-72472X
3595:
3589:
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3563:
3551:. Retrieved
3547:
3538:
3520:
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3506:
3503:David Moysie
3498:
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3450:
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3413:
3401:. Retrieved
3397:
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3223:
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3190:
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3145:
3123:(1): 51–67.
3120:
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3105:
3087:
3078:
3058:. Retrieved
3044:
3029:
3020:
3009:, retrieved
3003:
2984:
2965:
2957:Bibliography
2935:
2922:
2913:Henry Wotton
2882:
2863:in colonial
2858:
2847:
2814:
2755:
2734:
2635:
2540:
2495:
2352:
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1361:Anne Gonzaga
1300:
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1253:
1233:Commonwealth
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1038:Ferdinand II
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900:
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672:
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657:
652:Coombe Abbey
617:Coombe Abbey
606:
599:
581:
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502:
459:
439:were married
428:
389:
368:
351:and briefly
344:
343:
261:Prince Louis
224:
150:(1662-02-13)
40:
5623:1662 deaths
5618:1596 births
4644:13 February
3929:18 December
3925:. HMSO 1858
3792:13 February
3011:13 February
2677:William III
1363:, had issue
1332:(1618–1680)
1264:Drury House
1213:, 1642, by
1174:, 1636, by
767:Elizabeth I
621:Anne Dudley
541:Eleanor Hay
464:, the last
416:Elizabeth I
159:Westminster
5612:Categories
5116:Luxembourg
4698:25 January
4665:All Poetry
3818:1407216120
3442:Prima Zoom
3381:References
3182:1407216120
3072:required.)
2877:John Smith
2499:of Hanover
2482:Charles II
2234:of Denmark
1405:Queen Anne
1260:Charles II
1157:Oranjezaal
1012:coronation
861:John Donne
857:Heidelberg
814:Queen Anne
797:landgraves
775:Queen Anne
679:Guy Fawkes
592:Winchester
488:Early life
431:Protestant
108:Coronation
4925:Drahomíra
4902:Přemyslid
4617:(1967) ,
4044:153513889
4030:(1): 51.
3137:153513889
2934:'s novel
2893:Berkshire
2830:George II
2346:Charles I
1272:pneumonia
1250:(c. 1748)
1141:Widowhood
1131:Charlotte
1104:The Hague
980:pluralist
959:in 1619.
957:Elisabeth
912:menagerie
822:Palsgrave
807:Courtship
743:, son of
685:Education
513:Callendar
447:The Hague
412:Charles I
331:Signature
5285:Habsburg
5185:Habsburg
4460:Archived
4131:29 March
3622:Margaret
3553:30 March
3477:(1857),
3423:DIE WELT
3361:(1972),
2945:See also
2887:, built
2854:George I
2758:Claimant
2714:of Celle
2705:George I
1256:restored
1123:Gustavus
988:Habsburg
984:Matthias
625:Coventry
588:Oatlands
545:Margaret
478:George I
437:. They
424:Catholic
182:, London
4930:Biagota
4894:Bohemia
4735:at the
3618:Charles
3001:Anon.,
2940:(2017).
2684:Mary II
2636:HANOVER
2368:George,
2005:James V
1951:to the
1371:Rákóczi
1084:Triumph
1073:Maurice
1065:Custrin
1006:at the
953:Charles
710:Suitors
404:Ireland
400:England
361:Bohemia
210:
202:
198:
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4842:Vacant
4820:Vacant
4788:Vacant
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4598:
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3626:Robert
3602:
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3403:11 May
3369:
3336:CXXIII
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3264:
3246:
3197:
3179:
3161:
3135:
3066:
3060:26 May
2991:
2973:
2844:Legacy
2497:Sophia
1980:STUART
1225:Philip
1069:Berlin
1000:Prague
992:Styria
596:masque
402:, and
373:German
321:Mother
311:Father
305:Stuart
188:Spouse
173:Burial
163:London
96:Tenure
78:Tenure
4774:Died:
4767:Born:
4040:S2CID
3133:S2CID
2873:Maine
2473:Mary,
1297:Issue
1239:Death
1055:Exile
579:son.
575:with
569:Henry
561:James
549:Henry
381:Czech
300:House
217:Issue
204:(
200:
4700:2021
4672:2020
4646:2013
4596:ISBN
4572:ISBN
4548:ISBN
4524:ISBN
4482:ISBN
4439:ISBN
4415:ISBN
4391:ISBN
4295:ISBN
4271:ISBN
4167:ISBN
4133:2013
4087:ISBN
4063:ISBN
4004:ISBN
3965:ISBN
3931:2022
3900:ISBN
3876:ISBN
3852:ISBN
3813:ISBN
3794:2013
3724:ISBN
3671:ISBN
3600:ISBN
3555:2022
3525:ISBN
3405:2021
3367:ISBN
3302:ISBN
3291:ISBN
3262:ISBN
3244:ISBN
3195:ISBN
3177:ISBN
3159:ISBN
3062:2016
3013:2013
2989:ISBN
2971:ISBN
2937:Tyll
2859:The
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2232:Anne
1869:15.
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