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in 2013 concluded that the confrontation did not involve a formal duel in the strict sense. In any case, the spread of firearms introduced by the
Portuguese rendered elephant-mounted combat largely obsolete after the 16th century, and elephant duels subsequently disappeared from the pages of history.
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Some authors describe elephant duels as a semi-ritualized engagement, held between high-ranking leaders of equal status to determine the outcome of a conflict in lieu of full-on fighting between large armies of comparable strength which would otherwise lead to massive casualties. Others apply the
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from the late 13th century. The last duel in historyâand probably the most famous, featuring prominently in Thai historiographyâwas that between King
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in the 2nd century BC. Probably by this association, duels were seen as a heroic deed that demonstrated a ruler's prowess and prestige.
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were a historical martial practice where opposing army leaders engaged each other on the battlefield in
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in 1593. However, the legendary duel itself is likely apocryphal. Analyzing various primary sources,
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144:"What Happened at Nong Sarai? Comparing Indigenous and European Sources for Late 16th Century Siam"
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The earliest mentions of elephant duels in
Thailand are found in inscriptions and chronicles of
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The practice in
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term to any engagement between mounted elites in the battlefield.
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208:"The Rite of the Elephant Duel in Thai-Burmese Military History"
71:) to have been influenced by the Sri Lankan Buddhist chronicle
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Baker, Chris; Pasuk
Phongpaichit (2017). "An Age of Warfare".
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A History of
Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World
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42:. They are documented in historical records from
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254:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 85â118.
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16:Historical martial practice in Southeast Asia
23:Mural of the elephant duel at Nong Sarai in
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142:Terwiel, Barend Jan (2013).
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148:Journal of the Siam Society
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290:Warfare of the Middle Ages
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204:Sunait Chutintaranond
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102:Ayutthaya
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74:MahÄvaášsa
206:(2004).
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