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Elections in Austria

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that were not applied to meeting the Wahlzahl, and did not, therefore, contribute to the allocation of a mandate, from being "lost" or "wasted" and not having an impact on the ultimate election outcome. In National Council elections, any remaining seats in the 183-member body, i.e. seats not filled through the first two stages of the votes-to-seats conversion process, are then filled by aggregating votes nationwide and assigning the remaining seats to the parties based on the D'Hondt method. In state elections, there is no third stage because there is no nationwide vote.
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allocation of the remaining mandates (Restmandate) in the second stage of the votes-to-seats conversion process. In the Styrian version of PR, the Wahlzahl in the second stage differs from the Wahlzahl that governs the district-per-district allocation of mandates in the first stage. In contrast to federal elections, the Wahlzahl is computed separately for each district. There is, therefore, inter-district variation in the number of votes a party needs to earn a basic mandate.
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stages. There are also some minor differences among states because each state has its own election law for state and local elections, whereas the National Council elections are governed by a specific federal election act (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992). Presidential elections and European Parliament elections are also governed by federal law.
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Any remaining votes (i.e. votes that did not result in the allocation of a seat as a Direktmandat) are then aggregated in the next stage of the process, in which seats based on the Wahlzahl are allocated based on the combined number of votes in the larger electoral unit. This procedure prevents votes
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to be allocated for that state. The number of mandates apportioned to states varies because of large differences in population size. It is periodically readjusted based on the results of the most recent census to assure that each vote has the same weight regardless of where in the country it is cast.
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The overall objective of Austria’s election system for parliament and other legislative bodies is to assure the proportional allocation of seats based on the share of the votes received by the political parties at the polls so that the composition of the legislative body will faithfully represent the
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As can be seen in this example, smaller parties do better under this variant of the PR system when their electoral support is concentrated geographically. As also illustrated, seemingly arcane details in the mechanics of how votes are counted and converted into seats can have important consequences.
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For purposes of National Council elections, each state (Bundesland) constitutes an electoral unit (Landwahlkreis), and each of the nine states is subdivided into regional electoral districts (Regionalwahlkreise), for a total of 39. Political parties may compete nationwide, but are not required to do
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In the most recent elections for Styria’s legislature (Landtagswahlen) in October 2019, three small parties, including the Communist Party and the NEOS, were able to enter the Landtag by winning at least one Grundmandat in the district that includes Graz, the state’s capital. Each was then eligible
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In order to win a basic mandate, the party must receive enough votes to meet or exceed the Wahlzahl in at least one regional district. The Wahlzahl is not a number fixed by law, but is determined by dividing the total number of valid votes cast in the state by the total number of mandates available
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In elections for the National Council (Nationalrat), which is the lower house of Austria’s parliament, proportionality is maximized through the utilization of a three-stage process of allocating mandates; in state and local elections a similar method is used, but it is simpler: it only involves two
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Citizens who are sentenced to more than five years of imprisonment can lose their voting rights for the duration of their sentence if the judge determines that such a suspension is warranted. This preclusion period is shortened to one year for specific offenses (such as terrorism, voter fraud, and
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Starting in 1983, as the right-wing Freedom Party started to win more seats, the coalitions that emerged depended on whether SPO or OVP was responsible for forming government. If it was SPO, the result was a grand coalition of the two centrist parties. However, if the OVP won the most votes, as it
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of at least 4% of all valid votes cast nationwide, or win one mandate (seat) in one of the regional electoral districts. If a party doesn't satisfy either requirement, it does not participate in the allocation of seats. This threshold exists to discourage parties from splintering and producing an
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In Styria, for example, no 4% or any other threshold requirement applies. Instead, a party must at least win one basic mandate (Grundmandat) in one of the four regional electoral districts (Wahlkreise); it may then aggregate its remaining votes from all four districts and participate on the
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to ensure that the president is supported by a majority of the voters. Under this system, a first round of voting is held, and unless one candidate gets a majority there, a second round is held where only the two highest-ranking candidates from the first round are included.
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so. In order to receive any representation in the National Council, however, a party must satisfy at least one of two alternative conditions: Win a basic mandate (Direktmandat) in one of the regional districts or receive at least 4% of all valid votes cast nationwide.
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has the power to call on a non-binding referendum on matters of great importance. Such a referendum is called by majority of members of the National Council. Results of such a referendum are advisory. There was one such referendum in post-1945 Austria:
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This system requires voters to select among political parties on their ballot, rather than among competing candidates. The standard manner of expressing that choice is by placing an ‘x’ in the circle next to the name of the party on the paper ballot
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in English translation—vary with respect to the minimum-requirement to enter the state legislature. The rules governing such elections are not uniform because they are governed by state law, rather than by national law.
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did on five occasions, it had the option of forming a coalition with the far right Freedom Party instead of the centre left SPO. This is what it did in 1983, 1999, 2002 and 2017. Following the
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on the center-right, generally dominated politics, and were the only parties to form government, most often forming a grand coalition when neither party had a majority of seats.
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to participate in the allocation of the remaining eight mandates (Restmandate), and each won one additional seat, while the remainder went to the larger parties.
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in case of non-comprehensive changes in the Federal Constitution. Such facultative referendum is to be conducted if at least one third of the members of the
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Citizens of other European Union member states with a permanent residence in Austria may vote in European Union elections and in municipal elections.
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was lowered from 18 to 16 in all federal elections. Some states had already lowered the voting age for state and local election before 2007.
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Austrian election law distinguishes between the "active" right to vote and the "passive" right to be elected, i.e. stand as a candidate (
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The "no" option won, and the National Council accepted the result of the referendum and acted accordingly.
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is removed from office before the end of his term (Article 60, Section 6 of the Federal Constitution), and
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defines two types of referendums on the federal level: binding referendums and non-binding referendums.
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wants early elections or loses the support of a majority in the National Council, as happened in
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and is not directly elected. These elections are governed by federal law, which also applies to
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publishes regional level election data; allows for comparisons of election results, 1990-2008
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Until 2011, members of current or former ruling noble houses (i.e. members of the
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For a party to be represented in the National Council, it must either pass the
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Austria’s constituent states (Bundeslaender) – also frequently referred to as
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There have only been two binding referendums in post-1945 Austria: The
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Variation of Austria’s PR System of Election at the Sub-national Level
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Conversion of votes to seats in federal parliamentary elections
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was deemed to be a comprehensive change to the Constitution.
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unmanageably large number of small parties in parliament.
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The Proportional Representation (PR) System in Austria
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On the federal level, there are two main elections in
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Austrian Federal Ministry of the Interior: Elections
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From 1945 to 1983, Austrian politics had a 1021:) is elected for a six-year term, most recently in 3538:Austrian Ministry of Interior - Elections Overview 1206: 1113: 7480: 2890: 3770: 4225: 3526:countriestudies.us - Austrian Electoral System 6846: 6426: 6118: 6011: 4211: 3736: 3550:Austrian Ministry of Interior - Voting Rights 2895: 1608: 964: 3632:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3606:Leeb, Verwaltung-Land Steiermark, Michaela. 3136:2024 European Parliament election in Austria 3124: 1211: 6042: 6853: 6839: 6433: 6419: 6018: 6004: 4218: 4204: 3743: 3729: 971: 957: 3708:NSD: European Election Database - Austria 3562:President of Austria: Electoral procedure 3470: 3129: 3258:NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2739: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2687: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2635: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2586: 2583: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2531: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2479: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2427: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2375: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2323: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2271: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2219: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2167: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2115: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2063: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2014: 2011: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1962: 1959: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1907: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1858: 1855: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1803: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1754: 1751: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1702: 1699: 1687: 1684: 1677: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 6440: 3432:in case of comprehensive change of the 1622: 21:This article is part of a series on the 7481: 3463:which was called because accession to 2849: 2797: 1614:Summary of Austrian elections for the 6834: 6414: 5999: 4199: 3724: 3678:from the original on 19 October 2022. 3412: 3377: 3364: 3351: 3338: 3153: 3106: 3095: 3084: 3073: 2910: 1585: 1572: 1559: 1546: 1235: 1025:. The election takes place under the 6860: 3759:Elections and referendums in Austria 3461:European Union membership referendum 1466:BZÖ Carinthia – Alliance of Patriots 2902:2022 Austrian presidential election 1033:The National Council is elected by 1023:2022 Austrian presidential election 13: 7105:Western European broadleaf forests 3237:The Greens – The Green Alternative 3216:Social Democratic Party of Austria 1319:The Greens – The Green Alternative 1277:Social Democratic Party of Austria 1218:2019 Austrian legislative election 14: 7500: 3686: 3752: 3605: 3300:Democratic – Neutral – Authentic 3145: 3118:Source: Ministry of the Interior 1227: 928: 870: 838: 802: 766: 730: 694: 658: 622: 587: 551: 524: 500: 473: 446: 309: 276: 254: 196: 33: 1149:preferences of the electorate. 1082:2019 National Council elections 1003:consists of delegates from the 7060:Alps conifer and mixed forests 3664: 3640: 3599: 3574: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3519: 3400: 3393:Ministry of the Interior (BMI) 1207:Latest parliamentary elections 1140:) were ineligible for office. 1114:Voting rights and restrictions 997:Austria's bicameral Parliament 1: 3512: 2891:Latest presidential elections 1009:European Parliament elections 3693:Adam Carr's Election Archive 3672:"BUNDESPRÄSIDENTENWAHL 2022" 3612:www.verwaltung.steiermark.at 3417:A binding referendum may be 2836: 2784: 2732: 2680: 2628: 2576: 2524: 2472: 2420: 2368: 2316: 2264: 2212: 2160: 2108: 2056: 2004: 1952: 1900: 1848: 1796: 1744: 1692: 341:Supreme Administrative Court 293:Joint session of both houses 7: 7033:Military history of Austria 7023:Allied-administered Austria 5949:Merged with state elections 3571:, retrieved 22 October 2014 3495: 2742: 2690: 2638: 2589: 2534: 2482: 2430: 2378: 2326: 2274: 2222: 2170: 2118: 2066: 2017: 1965: 1910: 1861: 1806: 1757: 1705: 1072:on the center-left and the 1035:proportional representation 1015:Austria's federal president 10: 7505: 3782:Imperial Council elections 3552:, retrieved 9 October 2019 3279:Communist Party of Austria 3133: 2899: 2896:2022 presidential election 1609:Election results 1945–2019 1508:Christian Party of Austria 1215: 1095:In some cases, a national 347:(administrative law cases) 335:(civil and criminal cases) 7440: 7358: 7285: 7276: 7219: 7210: 7131: 7122: 7050: 7041: 6872: 6812: 6764: 6726: 6446: 6394: 6327: 6219: 6215: 6114: 6038: 5956: 5875: 5790: 5762: 5734: 5696: 5653: 5615: 5537: 5499: 5464: 5376: 5367: 5245: 5122: 5024: 4901: 4773: 4605: 4487: 4364: 4241: 4234: 4158: 4110: 4027: 3867: 3862:(1918–1934, 1945–present) 3856: 3852: 3780: 3769: 3765: 3390: 3386: 3378:Registered voters/turnout 3373: 3360: 3347: 3334: 3317: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3144: 3125:Latest European elections 3117: 3107:Registered voters/turnout 3069: 3058: 2919: 2916: 2913: 1598: 1594: 1586:Registered voters/turnout 1581: 1568: 1555: 1542: 1525: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1226: 1212:2019 legislative election 271:Upper house of parliament 7055:Administrative divisions 7003:Federal State of Austria 3713:24 February 2015 at the 3457:nuclear power referendum 3440:A binding referendum is 3174:Freedom Party of Austria 2953:Freedom Party of Austria 2928:Alexander Van der Bellen 1298:Freedom Party of Austria 329:Supreme Court of Justice 118:Alexander Van der Bellen 7090:Pannonian mixed forests 6993:First Austrian Republic 3869:Parliamentary elections 3540:, retrieved 18 May 2010 3528:, retrieved 18 May 2010 3486:conscription referendum 3195:Austrian People's Party 1256:Austrian People's Party 999:. The upper house, the 483:Social Democratic Party 6963:Siege of Vienna (1529) 6943:Margraviate of Austria 6489:Bosnia and Herzegovina 6396:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4029:Presidential elections 3471:Non-binding referendum 3130:2024 European election 1340:NEOS – The New Austria 995:), the lower house of 3698:Parties and Elections 3407:Austrian constitution 1099:can be called by the 1041:may be called if the 570:Beate Meinl-Reisinger 7489:Elections in Austria 7110:World Heritage Sites 6953:Archduchy of Austria 3434:Federal Constitution 1487:Socialist Left Party 317:Constitutional Court 7344:freedom of religion 6931:Ostrogothic Kingdom 6727:States with limited 6441:Elections in Europe 4226:Local elections in 3352:Invalid/blank votes 3141: 3085:Invalid/blank votes 3044:Heinrich Staudinger 2907: 1619: 1560:Invalid/blank votes 1223: 1101:Austrian Parliament 168:Nehammer government 27:Politics of Austria 7254:Telecommunications 6998:Austrian Civil War 6978:Congress of Vienna 6973:March Constitution 6892:Kingdom of Noricum 5539:Krems an der Donau 4112:European elections 3567:2011-05-15 at the 3502:Electoral calendar 3413:Binding referendum 3140: 2906: 1613: 1445:Every Vote Counts! 1222: 1124:passives Wahlrecht 935:Austria portal 856:Mayor and Governor 7476: 7475: 7436: 7435: 7272: 7271: 7206: 7205: 7198:Political parties 7151:Foreign relations 7118: 7117: 7028:History of Vienna 6958:Habsburg monarchy 6882:Hallstatt culture 6828: 6827: 6408: 6407: 6390: 6389: 6211: 6210: 6110: 6109: 6026:Elections in the 5993: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5370:mayoral elections 5363: 5362: 4193: 4192: 4189: 4188: 3848: 3847: 3648:"Land Steiermark" 3398: 3397: 3122: 3121: 2988:Tassilo Wallentin 2948:Walter Rosenkranz 2888: 2887: 1682: 1675: 1606: 1605: 1601:Interior Ministry 1361:JETZT – Pilz List 1188:federal provinces 1064:, where two main 981: 980: 442:Political parties 323:(judicial review) 7496: 7456: 7449: 7283: 7282: 7217: 7216: 7129: 7128: 7048: 7047: 6948:Duchy of Austria 6855: 6848: 6841: 6832: 6831: 6765:Dependencies and 6701:Northern Ireland 6447:Sovereign states 6435: 6428: 6421: 6412: 6411: 6221:Croatia-Slavonia 6217: 6216: 6116: 6115: 6040: 6039: 6020: 6013: 6006: 5997: 5996: 5374: 5373: 4239: 4238: 4220: 4213: 4206: 4197: 4196: 3854: 3853: 3767: 3766: 3757: 3756: 3745: 3738: 3731: 3722: 3721: 3680: 3679: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3652: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3631: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3578: 3572: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3523: 3507:Electoral system 3477:National Council 3459:in 1978 and the 3446:National Council 3149: 3142: 3139: 2908: 2905: 1678: 1671: 1620: 1616:National Council 1612: 1231: 1224: 1221: 1062:two-party system 1027:two-round system 1019:Bundespraesident 989:National Council 973: 966: 959: 937: 933: 932: 931: 874: 842: 806: 770: 734: 698: 662: 626: 591: 555: 528: 504: 477: 450: 313: 286:Federal Assembly 280: 258: 250: 242: 234: 226: 218: 205:National Council 200: 37: 18: 17: 7504: 7503: 7499: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7494: 7493: 7479: 7478: 7477: 7472: 7459: 7452: 7445: 7432: 7423:Public holidays 7418:National anthem 7354: 7295:Austrian people 7268: 7202: 7114: 7037: 6983:Austria-Hungary 6968:Austrian Empire 6921:Germanic tribes 6868: 6859: 6829: 6824: 6808: 6766: 6760: 6746:Northern Cyprus 6728: 6722: 6621:North Macedonia 6442: 6439: 6409: 6404: 6386: 6323: 6207: 6106: 6034: 6032:Austria-Hungary 6028:Austrian Empire 6024: 5994: 5985: 5952: 5871: 5786: 5758: 5730: 5692: 5649: 5611: 5533: 5495: 5460: 5369: 5359: 5241: 5118: 5020: 4897: 4769: 4601: 4483: 4360: 4235:State elections 4230: 4224: 4194: 4185: 4154: 4106: 4023: 3863: 3844: 3776: 3761: 3751: 3749: 3715:Wayback Machine 3689: 3684: 3683: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3645: 3641: 3625: 3624: 3617: 3615: 3604: 3600: 3590: 3588: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3569:Wayback Machine 3560: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3536: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3515: 3498: 3473: 3450:Federal Council 3415: 3403: 3138: 3132: 3127: 3024:Michael Brunner 2904: 2898: 2893: 1611: 1220: 1214: 1209: 1146: 1138:Habsburg family 1116: 1001:Federal Council 977: 948: 944:Other countries 929: 927: 926: 919: 918: 905: 585: 575: 574: 444: 434: 433: 361: 351: 350: 307: 297: 296: 274: 264:Federal Council 252: 246: 244:Meinl-Reisinger 238: 230: 222: 214: 194: 184: 183: 164: 147:Vice Chancellor 99: 89: 88: 47: 12: 11: 5: 7502: 7492: 7491: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7470: 7465: 7458: 7457: 7450: 7442: 7441: 7438: 7437: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7364: 7362: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7352: 7347: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7286: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7220: 7214: 7208: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7174: 7173: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7136:Climate change 7132: 7126: 7120: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7113: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7051: 7045: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6988:German Austria 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6939: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6918: 6917: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6884: 6878: 6876: 6870: 6869: 6858: 6857: 6850: 6843: 6835: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6822: 6820:European Union 6816: 6814: 6813:Other entities 6810: 6809: 6807: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6770: 6768: 6767:other entities 6762: 6761: 6759: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6732: 6730: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6720: 6715: 6714: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6696:United Kingdom 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6509:Czech Republic 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6450: 6448: 6444: 6443: 6438: 6437: 6430: 6423: 6415: 6406: 6405: 6400: 6398: 6392: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6333: 6331: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6225: 6223: 6213: 6212: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6124: 6122: 6120:Transleithania 6112: 6111: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6048: 6046: 6036: 6035: 6023: 6022: 6015: 6008: 6000: 5991: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5962: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5950: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5915:1895 (Mar-Apr) 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5881: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5869: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5796: 5794: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5768: 5766: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5740: 5738: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5702: 5700: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5659: 5657: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5621: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5543: 5541: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5505: 5503: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5470: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5382: 5380: 5371: 5365: 5364: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5251: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5128: 5126: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5030: 5028: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4907: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4779: 4777: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4611: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4493: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4370: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4247: 4245: 4236: 4232: 4231: 4223: 4222: 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3353: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3336: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3315: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3234: 3231: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3213: 3210: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3192: 3189: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3134:Main article: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3104: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3082: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3041: 3038: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2973:The Beer Party 2970: 2968:Dominik Wlazny 2965: 2962: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2922: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2900:Main article: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2885: 2880: 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1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1623:Election year 1610: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1596: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1570: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1232: 1216:Main article: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1145: 1142: 1115: 1112: 1056:Austria has a 979: 978: 976: 975: 968: 961: 953: 950: 949: 947: 946: 940: 939: 938: 921: 920: 917: 916: 914:Municipalities 911: 904: 903: 896: 895: 884: 883: 868: 867: 864:Michael Ludwig 860: 859: 852: 851: 836: 835: 828: 827: 816: 815: 800: 799: 792: 791: 780: 779: 764: 763: 756: 755: 744: 743: 728: 727: 720: 719: 708: 707: 692: 691: 684: 683: 672: 671: 656: 655: 648: 647: 636: 635: 620: 619: 612: 611: 600: 599: 586: 583:Federal states 581: 580: 577: 576: 573: 572: 565: 564: 549: 548: 538: 537: 522: 521: 514: 513: 498: 497: 495:Andreas Babler 487: 486: 471: 470: 459: 458: 455:People's Party 445: 440: 439: 436: 435: 432: 431: 424: 419: 413: 412: 408: 407: 402: 397: 391: 390: 386: 385: 378: 373: 367: 366: 362: 357: 356: 353: 352: 349: 348: 344: 343: 337: 336: 332: 331: 325: 324: 320: 319: 308: 303: 302: 299: 298: 295: 294: 290: 289: 273: 272: 268: 267: 209: 208: 195: 190: 189: 186: 185: 182: 181: 171: 170: 163: 162: 156: 155: 142: 141: 135: 134: 121: 120: 114: 113: 100: 95: 94: 91: 90: 87: 86: 84:Supreme organs 81: 76: 71: 66: 60: 59: 48: 43: 42: 39: 38: 30: 29: 23: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7501: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7455: 7451: 7448: 7444: 7443: 7439: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7388: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7365: 7363: 7361: 7357: 7351: 7348: 7345: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7315:Ethnic groups 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7275: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7221: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7209: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7172: 7169: 7168: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7133: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7121: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7040: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7008:Austrofascism 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6923: 6922: 6919: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6901: 6900: 6897: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6863: 6856: 6851: 6849: 6844: 6842: 6837: 6836: 6833: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6811: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6779:Faroe Islands 6777: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6763: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6751:South Ossetia 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6725: 6719: 6716: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6698: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6581:Liechtenstein 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6445: 6436: 6431: 6429: 6424: 6422: 6417: 6416: 6413: 6403: 6399: 6397: 6393: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6326: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6021: 6016: 6014: 6009: 6007: 6002: 6001: 5998: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5868: 5867: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5792:Upper Austria 5789: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5733: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5695: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5652: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5614: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5501:Lower Austria 5498: 5492: 5491: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5463: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5375: 5372: 5368:Municipal and 5366: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5244: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5026:Upper Austria 5023: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4900: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4772: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4489:Lower Austria 4486: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4363: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4221: 4216: 4214: 4209: 4207: 4202: 4201: 4198: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3861: 3855: 3851: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3779: 3774: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3746: 3741: 3739: 3734: 3732: 3727: 3726: 3723: 3716: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3690: 3677: 3673: 3667: 3649: 3643: 3635: 3629: 3613: 3609: 3602: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3570: 3566: 3563: 3558: 3551: 3546: 3539: 3534: 3527: 3522: 3518: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3493: 3487: 3483: 3482: 3481: 3478: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3453: 3452:requests it. 3451: 3447: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3410: 3408: 3394: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3370: 3367: 3363: 3357: 3354: 3350: 3344: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3253: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3232: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3190: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3169: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3137: 3116: 3112: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2923: 2909: 2903: 2884: 2852: 2841: 2840: 2835: 2832: 2800: 2789: 2788: 2783: 2780: 2745: 2737: 2736: 2731: 2728: 2693: 2685: 2684: 2679: 2676: 2641: 2633: 2632: 2627: 2624: 2592: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2572: 2537: 2529: 2528: 2523: 2520: 2485: 2477: 2476: 2471: 2468: 2433: 2425: 2424: 2419: 2416: 2381: 2373: 2372: 2367: 2364: 2329: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2312: 2277: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2260: 2225: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2208: 2173: 2165: 2164: 2159: 2156: 2121: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2104: 2069: 2061: 2060: 2055: 2052: 2020: 2009: 2008: 2003: 2000: 1968: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1948: 1913: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1896: 1864: 1853: 1852: 1847: 1844: 1809: 1801: 1800: 1795: 1792: 1760: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1740: 1708: 1697: 1696: 1691: 1681: 1674: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1621: 1617: 1602: 1597: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1503: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1377: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1356: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1314: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1251: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1219: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1162: 1158: 1156: 1150: 1141: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1111: 1109: 1106:In 2007, the 1104: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1049:and again in 1048: 1044: 1040: 1039:snap election 1036: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 974: 969: 967: 962: 960: 955: 954: 952: 951: 945: 942: 941: 936: 925: 924: 923: 922: 915: 912: 910: 907: 906: 902: 898: 897: 893: 889: 886: 885: 882: 881: 877: 876: 875: 873: 865: 862: 861: 857: 854: 853: 850: 849: 845: 844: 843: 841: 834: 830: 829: 825: 821: 818: 817: 814: 813: 812:Upper Austria 809: 808: 807: 805: 798: 794: 793: 789: 785: 782: 781: 778: 777: 773: 772: 771: 769: 762: 758: 757: 753: 749: 746: 745: 742: 741: 737: 736: 735: 733: 726: 722: 721: 717: 713: 710: 709: 706: 705: 701: 700: 699: 697: 690: 686: 685: 681: 677: 674: 673: 670: 669: 668:Lower Austria 665: 664: 663: 661: 654: 650: 649: 645: 641: 638: 637: 634: 633: 629: 628: 627: 625: 618: 614: 613: 609: 605: 602: 601: 598: 597: 593: 592: 590: 584: 579: 578: 571: 567: 566: 563: 562: 558: 557: 556: 554: 547: 546:Werner Kogler 543: 540: 539: 536: 535: 531: 530: 529: 527: 520: 519:Herbert Kickl 516: 515: 512: 511: 510:Freedom Party 507: 506: 505: 503: 496: 492: 489: 488: 485: 484: 480: 479: 478: 476: 468: 467:Karl Nehammer 464: 461: 460: 457: 456: 452: 451: 449: 443: 438: 437: 430: 429: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 414: 410: 409: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 392: 389:Presidential: 388: 387: 384: 383: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 368: 364: 363: 360: 355: 354: 346: 345: 342: 339: 338: 334: 333: 330: 327: 326: 322: 321: 318: 315: 314: 312: 306: 301: 300: 292: 291: 288: 287: 283: 282: 281: 279: 270: 269: 266: 265: 261: 260: 259: 257: 251: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 207: 206: 202: 201: 199: 193: 188: 187: 180: 176: 173: 172: 169: 166: 165: 161: 160:Werner Kogler 158: 157: 153: 149: 148: 144: 143: 140: 139:Karl Nehammer 137: 136: 132: 128: 127: 123: 122: 119: 116: 115: 111: 107: 106: 102: 101: 98: 93: 92: 85: 82: 80: 77: 75: 72: 70: 67: 65: 62: 61: 57: 53: 50: 49: 46: 41: 40: 36: 32: 31: 28: 25: 24: 20: 19: 16: 7378:Coat of arms 7368:Architecture 7335:Prostitution 7305:Demographics 7183:Legal system 7161:Human rights 7145: 7141:Constitution 6936:East Francia 6756:Transnistria 6718:Vatican City 6468: 6044:Cisleithania 5865: 5489: 4016: 3858:Republic of 3773:Cisleithania 3758: 3666: 3654:. Retrieved 3642: 3616:. Retrieved 3611: 3601: 3589:. Retrieved 3585: 3576: 3557: 3545: 3533: 3521: 3491: 3474: 3454: 3439: 3416: 3404: 3006:Gerald Grosz 2882: 2850: 2837: 2830: 2798: 2785: 2778: 2743: 2733: 2726: 2691: 2681: 2674: 2639: 2629: 2622: 2590: 2577: 2570: 2535: 2525: 2518: 2483: 2473: 2466: 2431: 2421: 2414: 2379: 2369: 2362: 2327: 2317: 2310: 2275: 2265: 2258: 2223: 2213: 2206: 2171: 2161: 2154: 2119: 2109: 2102: 2067: 2057: 2050: 2018: 2005: 1998: 1966: 1953: 1946: 1911: 1901: 1894: 1862: 1849: 1842: 1807: 1797: 1790: 1758: 1745: 1738: 1706: 1693: 1618:, 1945–2019 1201: 1197: 1193: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1159: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1123: 1119: 1117: 1105: 1094: 1086: 1078: 1055: 1032: 1018: 1013: 992: 982: 878: 869: 846: 837: 810: 801: 774: 765: 738: 729: 702: 693: 689:Sankt Pölten 680:Mikl-Leitner 666: 657: 630: 621: 594: 568:Chairwoman: 559: 550: 532: 523: 508: 499: 481: 472: 453: 426: 381: 365:Legislative: 358: 284: 275: 262: 253: 247: 239: 231: 223: 220:Rendi-Wagner 215: 210: 203: 145: 124: 103: 74:Human rights 69:State Treaty 52:Constitution 15: 7330:Pornography 7320:Health care 7224:Agriculture 7178:LGBT rights 7171:enforcement 6794:Isle of Man 6729:recognition 6681:Switzerland 6616:Netherlands 4159:Referendums 3775:(1848–1918) 3656:30 November 3614:(in German) 3401:Referendums 3365:Total votes 3339:Valid votes 3096:Total votes 3074:Valid votes 3048:Independent 3029:MFG Austria 3010:Independent 2992:Independent 1573:Total votes 1547:Valid votes 1155:Stimmzettel 1058:multi-party 993:Nationalrat 534:Green Party 192:Legislature 7398:Literature 7193:Parliament 7156:Government 7075:Ecoregions 6651:San Marino 6611:Montenegro 6591:Luxembourg 6571:Kazakhstan 6474:Azerbaijan 5958:Vorarlberg 5920:1895 (Sep) 5378:Burgenland 5247:Vorarlberg 4243:Burgenland 3618:1 December 3591:1 December 3513:References 2933:The Greens 1424:Beer Party 1403:Der Wandel 1133:treason). 1108:voting age 1097:referendum 1043:chancellor 880:Vorarlberg 653:Klagenfurt 617:Eisenstadt 596:Burgenland 517:Chairman: 126:Chancellor 79:Neutrality 7325:Languages 7310:Education 7264:Transport 7234:Companies 7146:Elections 7085:Mountains 7070:Districts 7043:Geography 7013:Anschluss 6899:Roman Era 6784:Gibraltar 6586:Lithuania 6092:1900–1901 6062:1871–1872 5764:Innsbruck 5466:Carinthia 4366:Carinthia 3830:1900–1901 3800:1871–1872 3586:bmi.gv.at 3427:President 3419:mandatory 3381:6,372,204 3368:3,584,482 3342:3,523,934 3321:3,523,934 3110:6,363,336 3099:4,148,082 3077:4,056,729 3062:4,056,729 2937:2,299,590 2911:Candidate 1589:6,396,812 1576:4,835,469 1550:4,777,246 1529:4,777,246 1281:1,011,868 1260:1,789,417 1089:threshold 909:Districts 899:Capital: 831:Capital: 797:Innsbruck 795:Capital: 759:Capital: 723:Capital: 687:Capital: 651:Capital: 632:Carinthia 615:Capital: 542:Spokesman 411:European: 359:Elections 305:Judiciary 179:Ministers 105:President 97:Executive 7483:Category 7463:Category 7340:Religion 7290:Abortion 7249:Taxation 7188:Military 7124:Politics 6926:Rugiland 6909:Pannonia 6866:articles 6804:Svalbard 6789:Guernsey 6736:Abkhazia 6706:Scotland 6666:Slovenia 6661:Slovakia 6636:Portugal 6494:Bulgaria 6329:Dalmatia 5617:Salzburg 4607:Salzburg 3711:Archived 3676:Archived 3628:cite web 3582:"Wahlen" 3565:Archived 3496:See also 3442:optional 3391:Source: 1688:Turnout 1599:Source: 1382:KPÖ Plus 888:Governor 820:Governor 784:Governor 748:Governor 725:Salzburg 716:Haslauer 712:Governor 704:Salzburg 676:Governor 640:Governor 608:Doskozil 604:Governor 491:Chairman 469:(acting) 463:Chairman 212:Wöginger 64:Taxation 7447:Outline 7408:Museums 7383:Cuisine 7360:Culture 7278:Society 7259:Tourism 7229:Banking 7212:Economy 7018:Ostmark 6904:Noricum 6874:History 6862:Austria 6691:Ukraine 6641:Romania 6601:Moldova 6559:Ireland 6554:Iceland 6549:Hungary 6539:Germany 6534:Georgia 6524:Finland 6519:Estonia 6514:Denmark 6499:Croatia 6484:Belgium 6479:Belarus 6469:Austria 6464:Armenia 6459:Andorra 6454:Albania 6030:and in 4228:Austria 3860:Austria 3488:in 2013 3448:or the 3425:if the 3283:104,245 3262:357,214 3241:390,503 3220:818,287 3199:864,072 3178:893,754 3013:225,942 2995:327,214 2977:337,010 2957:717,097 1344:387,124 1323:664,055 1302:772,666 1120:actives 1066:parties 985:Austria 901:Bregenz 892:Wallner 824:Stelzer 752:Drexler 175:Cabinet 7468:Portal 7373:Cinema 7244:Mining 7239:Energy 7100:States 7095:Rivers 7065:Cities 6914:Raetia 6864:  6799:Jersey 6741:Kosovo 6686:Turkey 6676:Sweden 6656:Serbia 6646:Russia 6631:Poland 6626:Norway 6606:Monaco 6576:Latvia 6544:Greece 6529:France 6504:Cyprus 5877:Vienna 5655:Styria 5124:Vienna 4775:Styria 3371:100.00 3355:60,548 3324:100.00 3304:95,859 3102:100.00 3088:91,353 3065:100.00 3051:64,411 3033:85,465 1579:100.00 1563:58,223 1532:100.00 1407:22,168 1386:32,736 1365:89,169 1068:, the 1005:states 848:Vienna 788:Mattle 740:Styria 644:Kaiser 236:Maurer 7454:Index 7428:Sport 7413:Music 7403:Media 7350:Women 7300:Crime 7080:Lakes 6887:Celts 6774:Åland 6711:Wales 6671:Spain 6596:Malta 6566:Italy 5736:Tyrol 4903:Tyrol 3651:(PDF) 3384:56.25 3345:98.31 3318:Total 3265:10.14 3244:11.08 3223:23.22 3202:24.52 3181:25.36 3163:Seats 3157:Votes 3154:Party 3113:65.19 3080:97.80 3059:Total 2960:17.68 2940:56.69 2917:Votes 2914:Party 2861:13.9 2858:16.2 2847:21.2 2806:26.0 2795:26.9 2757:12.4 2754:20.5 2748:24.0 2711:10.7 2705:10.4 2702:17.5 2696:26.0 2653:11.1 2650:11.0 2644:34.3 2598:10.0 2587:36.5 2546:26.9 2540:26.9 2494:21.9 2488:28.3 2442:22.5 2436:27.7 2390:16.6 2384:32.1 2332:41.3 2280:43.2 2228:41.9 2176:42.9 2124:43.1 2072:44.7 2015:42.6 1963:44.0 1916:44.2 1859:43.0 1815:11.0 1812:41.3 1763:11.7 1755:38.7 1703:44.6 1592:75.59 1553:98.80 1526:Total 1449:1,767 1428:4,946 1326:13.90 1305:16.17 1284:21.18 1263:37.46 1245:Seats 1239:Votes 1236:Party 894:(ÖVP) 866:(SPÖ) 826:(ÖVP) 790:(ÖVP) 776:Tyrol 754:(ÖVP) 718:(ÖVP) 682:(ÖVP) 646:(SPÖ) 610:(SPÖ) 228:Kickl 7393:Flag 7387:wine 6402:1910 6382:1908 6377:1901 6372:1895 6367:1889 6362:1883 6357:1876 6352:1870 6347:1867 6342:1864 6337:1861 6319:1913 6314:1911 6309:1910 6304:1908 6299:1906 6294:1901 6289:1897 6284:1892 6279:1887 6274:1884 6269:1883 6264:1881 6259:1878 6254:1872 6249:1871 6244:1867 6239:1865 6234:1861 6229:1848 6203:1910 6198:1906 6193:1905 6188:1901 6183:1896 6178:1892 6173:1887 6168:1884 6163:1881 6158:1878 6153:1875 6148:1872 6143:1869 6138:1865 6133:1861 6128:1848 6102:1911 6097:1907 6087:1897 6082:1891 6077:1885 6072:1879 6067:1873 6057:1867 6052:1848 5981:2020 5976:2015 5971:2010 5966:2005 5945:1919 5940:1912 5935:1906 5930:1900 5925:1896 5910:1891 5905:1888 5900:1879 5895:1868 5890:1863 5885:1861 5866:2021 5860:2015 5855:2009 5850:2003 5845:1997 5840:1991 5835:1985 5830:1979 5825:1973 5820:1967 5815:1961 5810:1955 5805:1949 5800:1945 5782:2018 5777:2012 5772:2006 5754:2016 5749:2010 5744:2004 5726:2021 5721:2017 5716:2012 5711:2008 5706:2003 5698:Graz 5688:2020 5683:2015 5678:2010 5673:2005 5668:2000 5663:1932 5645:2024 5640:2019 5635:2014 5630:2009 5625:2004 5607:2007 5602:2002 5597:1997 5592:1992 5587:1987 5582:1982 5577:1977 5572:1972 5567:1967 5562:1962 5557:1957 5552:1955 5547:1950 5529:2020 5524:2015 5519:2010 5514:2005 5509:2000 5490:2021 5484:2015 5479:2009 5474:2003 5456:2017 5451:2012 5446:2007 5441:2002 5436:1997 5431:1992 5426:1987 5421:1982 5416:1977 5411:1972 5406:1967 5401:1962 5396:1958 5391:1954 5386:1950 5355:2024 5350:2019 5345:2014 5340:2009 5335:2004 5330:1999 5325:1994 5320:1989 5315:1984 5310:1979 5305:1974 5300:1969 5295:1964 5290:1959 5285:1954 5280:1949 5275:1945 5270:1932 5265:1928 5260:1923 5255:1919 5237:2025 5232:2020 5227:2015 5222:2010 5217:2005 5212:2001 5207:1996 5202:1991 5197:1987 5192:1983 5187:1978 5182:1973 5177:1969 5172:1964 5167:1959 5162:1954 5157:1949 5152:1945 5147:1932 5142:1927 5137:1923 5132:1919 5114:2021 5109:2015 5104:2009 5099:2003 5094:1997 5089:1991 5084:1985 5079:1979 5074:1973 5069:1967 5064:1961 5059:1955 5054:1949 5049:1945 5044:1931 5039:1925 5034:1919 5016:2022 5011:2018 5006:2013 5001:2008 4996:2003 4991:1999 4986:1994 4981:1989 4976:1984 4971:1979 4966:1975 4961:1970 4956:1965 4951:1961 4946:1957 4941:1953 4936:1949 4931:1945 4926:1929 4921:1925 4916:1921 4911:1919 4893:2024 4888:2019 4883:2015 4878:2010 4873:2005 4868:2000 4863:1995 4858:1991 4853:1986 4848:1981 4843:1978 4838:1974 4833:1970 4828:1965 4823:1961 4818:1957 4813:1953 4808:1949 4803:1945 4798:1930 4793:1927 4788:1923 4783:1919 4765:2023 4760:2018 4755:2013 4750:2009 4745:2004 4740:1999 4735:1994 4730:1989 4725:1984 4720:1979 4715:1974 4710:1969 4705:1964 4700:1959 4695:1954 4690:1949 4685:1945 4680:1932 4675:1927 4670:1922 4665:1919 4660:1909 4655:1902 4650:1896 4645:1890 4640:1884 4635:1878 4630:1871 4625:1870 4620:1867 4615:1861 4597:2023 4592:2018 4587:2013 4582:2008 4577:2003 4572:1998 4567:1993 4562:1988 4557:1983 4552:1979 4547:1974 4542:1969 4537:1964 4532:1959 4527:1954 4522:1949 4517:1945 4512:1930 4507:1927 4502:1921 4497:1919 4479:2023 4474:2018 4469:2013 4464:2009 4459:2004 4454:1999 4449:1994 4444:1989 4439:1984 4434:1979 4429:1975 4424:1970 4419:1965 4414:1960 4409:1956 4404:1953 4399:1949 4394:1945 4389:1930 4384:1927 4379:1923 4374:1921 4356:2020 4351:2015 4346:2010 4341:2005 4336:2000 4331:1996 4326:1991 4321:1987 4316:1982 4311:1977 4306:1972 4301:1968 4296:1964 4291:1960 4286:1956 4281:1953 4276:1949 4271:1945 4266:1930 4261:1927 4256:1923 4251:1922 4181:2013 4176:1994 4171:1978 4166:1938 4150:2024 4145:2019 4140:2014 4135:2009 4130:2004 4125:1999 4120:1996 4102:2022 4097:2016 4092:2010 4087:2004 4082:1998 4077:1992 4072:1986 4067:1980 4062:1974 4057:1971 4052:1965 4047:1963 4042:1957 4037:1951 4018:2024 4012:2019 4007:2017 4002:2013 3997:2008 3992:2006 3987:2002 3982:1999 3977:1995 3972:1994 3967:1990 3962:1986 3957:1983 3952:1979 3947:1975 3942:1971 3937:1970 3932:1966 3927:1962 3922:1959 3917:1956 3912:1953 3907:1949 3902:1945 3897:1930 3892:1927 3887:1923 3882:1920 3877:1919 3840:1911 3835:1907 3825:1897 3820:1891 3815:1885 3810:1879 3805:1873 3795:1867 3790:1848 3658:2019 3634:link 3620:2019 3593:2019 3484:the 3475:The 3405:The 3358:1.69 3307:2.72 3286:2.96 3091:2.20 3054:1.59 3036:2.11 3016:5.57 2998:8.07 2980:8.31 2883:75.6 2879:0.6 2876:1.9 2873:8.1 2851:37.5 2844:0.7 2839:2019 2831:80.0 2827:2.3 2824:4.4 2821:5.3 2809:3.9 2799:31.5 2792:0.8 2787:2017 2779:74.9 2775:1.0 2769:5.0 2766:5.7 2763:3.5 2744:26.8 2740:1.0 2735:2013 2727:78.8 2723:4.0 2708:2.1 2692:29.3 2688:0.8 2683:2008 2675:78.5 2671:3.1 2659:4.1 2640:35.3 2636:1.0 2631:2006 2623:84.3 2619:0.3 2604:1.0 2601:9.5 2591:42.3 2584:0.6 2579:2002 2571:80.4 2567:1.5 2552:3.6 2549:7.4 2536:33.2 2532:0.5 2527:1999 2519:86.0 2515:1.1 2500:5.5 2497:4.8 2484:38.1 2480:0.3 2475:1995 2467:81.9 2463:1.4 2448:6.0 2445:7.3 2432:34.9 2428:0.3 2423:1994 2415:86.1 2411:3.8 2393:4.8 2380:42.8 2376:0.5 2371:1990 2363:90.5 2359:0.3 2341:4.8 2338:9.7 2328:43.1 2324:0.7 2319:1986 2311:92.6 2307:3.4 2286:5.0 2276:47.6 2272:0.7 2267:1983 2259:92.2 2255:0.1 2234:6.1 2224:51.0 2220:1.0 2215:1979 2207:92.9 2203:0.0 2182:5.4 2172:50.4 2168:1.2 2163:1975 2155:92.4 2151:0.0 2130:5.5 2120:50.0 2116:1.4 2111:1971 2103:91.8 2099:0.4 2078:5.5 2068:48.4 2064:1.0 2059:1970 2051:93.8 2047:3.3 2026:5.4 2019:48.3 2012:0.4 2007:1966 1999:93.8 1995:0.5 1974:7.0 1967:45.4 1960:3.0 1955:1962 1947:94.2 1943:0.1 1922:7.7 1912:44.8 1908:3.3 1903:1959 1895:95.3 1891:0.0 1870:6.5 1863:46.0 1856:4.4 1851:1956 1843:95.8 1839:0.4 1808:42.1 1804:5.3 1799:1953 1791:96.8 1787:0.6 1759:44.0 1752:5.1 1747:1949 1739:94.0 1735:0.2 1707:49.8 1700:5.4 1695:1945 1685:Oth 1680:PILZ 1673:NEOS 1566:1.20 1515:0.01 1494:0.01 1473:0.02 1452:0.04 1431:0.10 1410:0.46 1389:0.69 1368:1.87 1347:8.10 1122:vs. 1051:2019 1047:2017 833:Linz 761:Graz 561:NEOS 428:2024 422:2019 417:2014 405:2022 400:2016 395:2010 382:2024 376:2019 371:2017 152:list 131:list 110:list 56:B-VG 7166:Law 3771:As 3313:New 3166:+/– 1662:BZÖ 1657:LiF 1652:Gre 1647:FPÖ 1642:VdU 1637:ÖVP 1632:SPÖ 1627:KPÖ 1535:183 1512:260 1491:310 1479:New 1470:760 1437:New 1416:New 1332:+26 1311:–20 1290:–12 1248:+/– 1074:ÖVP 1070:SPÖ 465:: 45:Law 7485:: 3630:}} 3626:{{ 3610:. 3584:. 3330:+2 3327:20 3271:+1 3208:-2 3187:+3 2870:- 2867:- 2864:- 2855:- 2818:- 2815:- 2812:- 2803:- 2772:- 2760:- 2751:- 2720:- 2717:- 2714:- 2699:- 2668:- 2665:- 2662:- 2656:- 2647:- 2616:- 2613:- 2610:- 2607:- 2595:- 2564:- 2561:- 2558:- 2555:- 2543:- 2512:- 2509:- 2506:- 2503:- 2491:- 2460:- 2457:- 2454:- 2451:- 2439:- 2408:- 2405:- 2402:- 2399:- 2396:- 2387:- 2356:- 2353:- 2350:- 2347:- 2344:- 2335:- 2304:- 2301:- 2298:- 2295:- 2292:- 2289:- 2283:- 2252:- 2249:- 2246:- 2243:- 2240:- 2237:- 2231:- 2200:- 2197:- 2194:- 2191:- 2188:- 2185:- 2179:- 2148:- 2145:- 2142:- 2139:- 2136:- 2133:- 2127:- 2096:- 2093:- 2090:- 2087:- 2084:- 2081:- 2075:- 2044:- 2041:- 2038:- 2035:- 2032:- 2029:- 2023:- 1992:- 1989:- 1986:- 1983:- 1980:- 1977:- 1971:- 1940:- 1937:- 1934:- 1931:- 1928:- 1925:- 1919:- 1888:- 1885:- 1882:- 1879:- 1876:- 1873:- 1867:- 1836:- 1833:- 1830:- 1827:- 1824:- 1821:- 1818:- 1784:- 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Index

Politics of Austria

Law
Constitution
B-VG
Taxation
State Treaty
Human rights
Neutrality
Supreme organs
Executive
President
list
Alexander Van der Bellen
Chancellor
list
Karl Nehammer
Vice Chancellor
list
Werner Kogler
Nehammer government
Cabinet
Ministers
Legislature

National Council
Wöginger
Rendi-Wagner
Kickl
Maurer

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