218:, the captive men were tied up and thrown into the deep gully between Ein al Zeitun and left for two days. Kelman then decided to "get rid of this problem altogether" but most of his men refused. Finally, he found two willing to do it, and the prisoners were killed. Two days later, word of the massacre leaked out, and it was feared that British or UN investigators would arrive, so some soldiers, including Ben-Yehuda, were detailed to untie the corpses and bury them.
43:
186:
201:
recalled that "our men began blowing up the village. The intoxication of victory blinded them and they went berserk, breaking and destroying property. The Jews of Safad saw Ein Zeitun blown up and crushed, and were 'happy', seeing in it vengeance for what the Arabs of Ein Zeitun carried out against
236:
Hans
Lebrecht says he was ordered to build a temporary pump station and divert the village stream, Ayn Zaytun, to supply water to his battalion. The village had been destroyed, and among the debris there were many bodies. "In particular, we found many bodies of women, children and babies near the
221:
According to a testimony Aharon Yo'eli, a soldier present, obtained by
Israeli historian Uri Milstein "2 Israelis came from Safad and took 23 men from Ayn Zaytoon, stripped them of watches and wallets, took them to a hill and shot them. Israelis were looking for other Israelis to kill Arabs; many
213:
HQ report says that "30" Arab prisoners were "transferred to Golani ". But a day or two later two
Palmach soldiers, acting on Third Battalion OC Moshe Kelman's orders, murdered several dozen prisoners, probably including young men from Ein al-Zeitun, in the gully between Ein al-Zeitun and Safad.
391:
Pappé 2006, "How many of Ayn al-Zaytun’s villagers were actually executed is hard to tell. The military documents reported that all in all, including the executions, seventy people had been shot; other sources give a much higher
181:
mortar bombs were used for the first time. The village was taken without much difficulty. Most of the villagers fled during the battle, and the remainder, apart from 30 to 100 men aged 20-40 were forcibly expelled afterwards.
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381:
Abbasi 2004, "Morris records that, in the course of that vengeful raid, the
Palmach forces were not satisfied with destroying the village; by order of Commander Kelman, they shot and killed seventy or so Arab
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296:"Yiftah" to HGS, Yadin, etc., 2 May 1948, 21:00 hours, IDFA 128\51\\50; Nazzal, p. 36-37, and "Book of Palmah, II, p 304. Cited in Morris p. 223, 289
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The destruction of Ein al Zeitun and the consequent massacre terrified the Arabs of Safed and probably contributed to their flight in the coming days.
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village of about 800 inhabitants. It was believed by local Jews that Arabs from the village had taken part in a 1929 massacre of Jews in
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Jews in Safad were
Hassidis (strictly observant). Other Arabs were expelled towards Germak mountain".
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Broadmead (Damascus) to
Kirkbride (Amman), 4 May 1948, PRO FO 816\119. Cited in Morris (2004), p289
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The attack on Ein al Zeitun was conducted by the 3rd
Battalion of the Palmach under the command of
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The
Palestinian Nakba 1948: The register of Depopulated Localities in Palestine by
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Abbasi, M. (2004). The battle for Safad in the war of 1948: A revised study.
173:, as a preliminary operation to prepare for an assault on the Arab quarter of
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135:. According to various historians, 70+ villagers were killed in the attack.
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Peled, "The conquest of Safad", HA Peh-222\3. Cited in Morris p. 223
978:
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120:
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Sacred landscape: the buried history of the Holy Land since 1948
42:
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210:
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The
Syrians subsequently charged that "women had been raped".
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839:
834:
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34:
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soldiers then began to destroy the village. Palmach officer
161:
and the massacre is assumed to be as a point of revenge.
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420:(Illustrated ed.). University of California Press.
237:
local mosque. I convinced the army to burn the bodies."
2746:
Villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus
443:
1321:
497:
Case for Palestine: An International Law Perspective
2729:The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem
541:
189:Israeli soldiers with prisoners in Ein al-Zeitun.
2874:Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1940s
2830:
752:
470:. Beirut: The Institute for Palestine Studies.
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738:
527:
16:1948 Israeli killing of Palestinian prisoners
408:International Journal of Middle East Studies
2416:Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany
1946:
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247:Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel
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358:, pp 176-7. Cited in Pappé (2006), p. 112
47:Ein al-Zeitun after being captured by the
41:
2531:Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine
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1693:
1613:
1528:
1427:
1353:
468:The Palestinian Exodus from Galilee 1948
184:
2461:There was no such thing as Palestinians
2092:
2859:20th-century prisoner of war massacres
2831:
465:
439:
2584:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
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2399:
2081:
1320:
966:
764:
726:
515:
356:The Palestinians, History and Present
149:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
2363:South African allegation of genocide
115:occurred on May 1, 1948, during the
2526:Israeli Declaration of Independence
2434:Israeli criticism of the occupation
13:
14:
2885:
2849:Israeli massacres of Palestinians
2082:
1455:Attacks against Israeli civilians
830:Palestine Liberation Organization
484:, London and New York: Oneworld,
481:The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine
153:Ein al Zeitun at this time was a
2255:Agreement on Movement and Access
2186:US security assistance to the PA
2108:Palestinian expulsion and flight
1647:1983 West Bank fainting epidemic
765:
2305:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
2293:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
2249:Israeli disengagement from Gaza
1733:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre
967:
399:
348:
339:
330:
317:
2844:1948 massacres of Palestinians
2662:Expulsion from Lydda and Ramle
2113:depopulated towns and villages
1898:Palestinian militancy campaign
446:. Cambridge University Press.
385:
375:
366:
308:
299:
290:
281:
272:
263:
1:
2854:Massacres committed by Israel
257:
138:
2772:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
2400:
754:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
225:
7:
2864:1948 in Mandatory Palestine
2788:The Holocaust and the Nakba
2621:Palestinian right of return
1774:Palestinian suicide attacks
1720:Palestinian suicide attacks
240:
164:
131:, then part of the British
10:
2890:
2261:Valley of Peace initiative
2204:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
1886:Jerusalem bulldozer attack
1762:Palestinian rocket attacks
825:All-Palestine Protectorate
414:Benveniśtî, Mêrôn (2000).
372:Also spelled Ayn al-Zaytun
252:Zionist political violence
142:
2869:Building bombings in Asia
2785:
2754:
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2559:
2513:
2505:
2406:
2395:
2317:
2284:
2212:
2147:
2099:
2088:
2077:
1933:
1876:"Bringing Home the Goods"
1856:
1745:
1684:
1606:
1537:Avivim school bus bombing
1515:
1420:
1344:
1340:
1316:
1135:
977:
973:
962:
933:
853:
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808:
775:
771:
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681:Shadia Abu Ghazala School
550:
499:. Duke University Press.
495:Quigley, John B. (2005).
92:
81:
73:
65:
55:
40:
28:
23:
2739:Related categories/lists
2456:Timeline of anti-Zionism
1977:Egypt–Gaza border breach
1882:Jerusalem yeshiva attack
1594:Misgav Am hostage crisis
2839:May 1948 events in Asia
2611:Palestine refugee camps
2567:1947–1949 Palestine war
2041:"Guardian of the Walls"
1915:Israel–Palestine crisis
2180:Gaza–Jericho Agreement
1959:Gaza cross-border raid
1830:Ain es Saheb airstrike
1786:Israeli assassinations
1588:South Lebanon conflict
1562:Kiryat Shmona massacre
669:Cave of the Patriarchs
466:Nazzal, Nafez (1978).
440:Morris, Benny (2004).
305:Morris (2004), p. 223.
202:the Jews of Safad and
190:
113:Ein al Zeitun massacre
24:Ein al-Zeitun massacre
2815:32.98722°N 35.49167°E
2767:Arab–Israeli conflict
2577:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1858:Palestinian dissident
1714:Temple Mount killings
1584:Coastal Road massacre
1270:Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi
845:Palestinian Authority
785:Israel Defense Forces
699:Nuseirat refugee camp
314:Morris (2004), p. 289
188:
143:Further information:
133:Mandate for Palestine
119:, when forces of the
2777:Gaza–Israel conflict
2657:Deir Yassin massacre
2370:Nicaragua v. Germany
2330:Palestine and the UN
2267:Annapolis Conference
2198:Wye River Memorandum
2021:Gaza border protests
2015:Freedom Flotilla III
1971:Beit Hanoun shelling
1955:Gaza beach explosion
1672:Night of the Gliders
1260:Izz ad-Din al-Qassam
159:1929 Palestine riots
2811: /
2616:Palestinian refugee
2572:1947–1948 civil war
2551:1947 partition plan
2521:Mandatory Palestine
2451:Racism in Palestine
2429:Criticism of Israel
2411:Anti-Palestinianism
2237:Quartet established
2121:Lausanne Conference
2003:"Pillar of Defense"
1909:Temple Mount crisis
1844:"Days of Penitence"
1628:Zion Square bombing
1461:Reprisal operations
1449:Fedayeen insurgency
1330:military operations
1097:Amnon Lipkin-Shahak
2820:32.98722; 35.49167
2631:Transfer Committee
2424:Criticism of Hamas
2377:Israeli occupation
2276:Israel controversy
2225:Clinton Parameters
2184:1994–present
2127:Israeli settlement
2125:1967–present
2053:"Shield and Arrow"
1993:Gaza flotilla raid
1903:2015–2016 violence
1812:"Defensive Shield"
1572:Savoy Hotel attack
1555:Lillehammer affair
1447:1948–present
1275:Ali Hassan Salameh
1072:Benjamin Netanyahu
934:Third-party groups
542:Massacres against
345:Abbasi, pp. 40-42.
191:
117:1948 Palestine war
31:1948 Palestine war
2794:
2793:
2755:Related templates
2473:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2357:Wall construction
2348:UN Resolution 242
2342:UN Resolution 194
2336:UN Resolution 181
2325:Israel and the UN
2313:
2312:
2221:Camp David Summit
2162:Madrid Conference
2137:international law
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2009:"Protective Edge"
1929:
1928:
1852:
1851:
1824:"Determined Path"
1741:
1740:
1680:
1679:
1602:
1601:
1543:Sabena Flight 571
1511:
1510:
1501:Battle of Karameh
1459:1950s–1960s
1416:
1415:
1402:Jewish insurgency
1369:Battle of Tel Hai
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1067:Yitzhak Mordechai
958:
957:
954:
953:
929:
928:
916:Sabireen Movement
800:Shabak (Shin Bet)
720:
719:
711:Al-Tabaeen School
657:Sabra and Shatila
453:978-0-521-00967-6
410:, vol. 36, 21–47.
216:Netiva Ben-Yehuda
109:
108:
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2809:
2808:
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2626:Present absentee
2500:
2493:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2446:Racism in Israel
2397:
2396:
2299:Palestine Papers
2192:Hebron Agreement
2132:settler violence
2097:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2079:
2078:
2057:Israel–Hamas war
2025:November clashes
1999:"Returning Echo"
1944:
1943:
1865:
1864:
1840:Beit Hanoun raid
1820:Battle of Nablus
1752:
1751:
1691:
1690:
1611:
1610:
1566:Ma'alot massacre
1526:
1525:
1495:War of Attrition
1436:Arab–Israeli War
1425:
1424:
1351:
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1342:
1341:
1318:
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1170:Marwan Barghouti
1002:David Ben-Gurion
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861:al-Aqsa Brigades
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2652:Battle of Haifa
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2309:
2303:2013–2014
2280:
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2166:1993–1995
2154:1981–1982
2143:
2084:
2061:
2047:"Breaking Dawn"
1985:2008–2009
1967:"Autumn Clouds"
1940:
1937:
1925:
1921:Al-Aqsa clashes
1892:Al-Aqsa clashes
1861:
1859:
1848:
1816:Battle of Jenin
1747:Second Intifada
1737:
1676:
1639:Siege of Beirut
1598:
1547:Munich massacre
1522:
1519:
1507:
1493:1967–1970
1483:Rafah massacres
1453:1951–1967
1412:
1406:1947–1948
1400:1944–1947
1394:1936–1939
1388:Hebron massacre
1383:Palestine riots
1364:Nebi Musa riots
1336:
1304:
1250:Abu Ali Mustafa
1205:Amin al-Husayni
1175:Mohammed Dahlan
1131:
1007:Naftali Bennett
969:
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557: (1947–48)
555:Balad al-Shaykh
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2536:New Historians
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2174:Paris Protocol
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2017:
2011:
2005:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1973:
1963:"Summer Rains"
1950:
1948:
1941:
1934:
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1792:October events
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1716:
1710:
1708:Bus 405 attack
1704:
1697:
1695:
1688:
1686:First Intifada
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1668:
1655:
1653:Bus 300 affair
1649:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1630:
1624:
1622:Yom Kippur War
1617:
1615:
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1603:
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1469:Qibya massacre
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1285:Ramadan Shalah
1282:
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1252:
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1242:
1237:
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1227:
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1207:
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1200:Nayef Hawatmeh
1197:
1195:Ismail Haniyeh
1192:
1187:
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1177:
1172:
1167:
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1157:
1152:
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1129:
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1112:Shabtai Shavit
1109:
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1102:Yitzhak Shamir
1099:
1094:
1089:
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1069:
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1012:Menachem Begin
1009:
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983:
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918:
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876:Jenin Brigades
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705:Al-Awda School
702:
696:
690:
684:
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672:
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660:
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636:
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615:Arab al-Mawasi
612:
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582:
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327:, 2000, pg. 17
325:S.H. Abu-Sitta
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2:
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2693:Walid Khalidi
2691:
2689:
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2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2660:
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2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:Key incidents
2643:
2637:
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2609:
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2560:Main articles
2558:
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2398:
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2366:
2364:
2361:2023–present
2360:
2358:
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2331:
2328:
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2320:
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2291:2010–11
2290:
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2118:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2105:
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2102:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:Diplomacy/law
2080:
2076:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1968:
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1960:
1956:
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1660:Achille Lauro
1656:
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1328:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:Fathi Shaqaqi
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:Salah Shehade
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1265:Jibril Rajoub
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1245:Zuheir Mohsen
1243:
1241:
1240:Khaled Mashal
1238:
1236:
1235:Sheikh Khalil
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1185:George Habash
1183:
1181:
1180:Mohammed Deif
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:Yasser Arafat
1158:
1156:
1155:Moussa Arafat
1153:
1151:
1150:Mahmoud Abbas
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1117:Moshe Ya'alon
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1092:Yitzhak Rabin
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1042:Efraim Halevy
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
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828:
826:
823:
822:
820:
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813:
811:
807:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
790:Israel Police
788:
786:
783:
782:
780:
778:
774:
770:
763:
759:
755:
748:
743:
741:
736:
734:
729:
728:
725:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
693:Tel al-Sultan
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
651:Tel al-Zaatar
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
567:Ein al-Zeitun
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
552:
549:
545:
537:
532:
530:
525:
523:
518:
517:
514:
506:
505:0-8223-3539-5
502:
498:
494:
491:
490:1-85168-467-0
487:
483:
482:
477:
474:
469:
464:
461:
455:
449:
445:
444:
438:
435:
429:
427:0-520-21154-5
423:
419:
418:
412:
409:
405:
404:
388:
378:
369:
365:
357:
351:
342:
333:
326:
320:
311:
302:
293:
284:
275:
266:
262:
253:
250:
248:
245:
244:
238:
234:
231:
223:
219:
217:
214:According to
212:
207:
205:
200:
196:
187:
183:
180:
176:
172:
162:
160:
156:
150:
146:
136:
134:
130:
129:Ein al-Zeitun
126:
123:attacked the
122:
118:
114:
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
91:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
60:Ein al Zeitun
58:
54:
50:
44:
39:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2796:
2762:Palestinians
2727:
2718:Avraham Sela
2703:Benny Morris
2688:Efraim Karsh
2678:Aref al-Aref
2606:Nakba denial
2368:
2273:
2168:Oslo Accords
2055: /
2035:"Black Belt"
2033: /
2023: /
2001: /
1981:"Hot Winter"
1979: /
1969: /
1965: /
1961: /
1957: /
1947:2006–present
1884: /
1868:2006–present
1842: /
1838: /
1822: /
1818: /
1814: /
1810: /
1806:
1798:
1666:"Wooden Leg"
1664: /
1659:
1586: /
1578:Entebbe raid
1564: /
1549: /
1545: /
1481: /
1477: /
1300:Ahmed Yassin
1295:Ahlam Tamimi
1230:Leila Khaled
1225:Salah Khalaf
1215:Ahmed Jibril
1210:Ghazi Jabali
1190:Wadie Haddad
1165:Yahya Ayyash
1137:Palestinians
1107:Ariel Sharon
1082:Shimon Peres
1032:Yuval Diskin
854:Other groups
810:Palestinians
766:Participants
713: (2024)
707: (2024)
701: (2024)
695: (2024)
689: (2024)
683: (2023)
677: (2021)
675:Wehda Street
671: (1994)
665: (1990)
659: (1982)
653: (1976)
647: (1956)
641: (1956)
635: (1956)
629: (1953)
623: (1948)
617: (1948)
611: (1948)
605: (1948)
599: (1948)
593: (1948)
587: (1948)
581: (1948)
575: (1948)
569: (1948)
566:
563: (1948)
544:Palestinians
496:
479:
467:
442:
416:
407:
400:Bibliography
387:
377:
368:
355:
350:
341:
332:
319:
310:
301:
292:
287:Abbasi p. 14
283:
274:
269:Abbasi p. 34
265:
235:
232:
229:
220:
208:
192:
171:Moshe Kelman
168:
152:
112:
110:
102:Moshe Kelman
93:Perpetrators
29:Part of the
18:
2818: /
2698:Nur Masalha
2683:Yoav Gelber
2274:Aftonbladet
2231:Taba Summit
2031:May clashes
1936:Gaza–Israel
1718:1990s
1634:Lebanon War
1553:(1973
1518:Palestinian
1489:Six-Day War
1396:Arab revolt
1377:Jaffa riots
1122:Danny Yatom
1087:Yaakov Peri
1077:Ehud Olmert
1062:Shaul Mofaz
1052:Tzipi Livni
1037:Benny Gantz
1027:Avi Dichter
1022:Moshe Dayan
987:Moshe Arens
968:Individuals
941:Arab League
585:Al-Dawayima
561:Deir Yassin
476:Pappé, Ilan
127:village of
125:Palestinian
86:Palestinian
69:May 1, 1948
2833:Categories
2806:35°29′30″E
2803:32°59′14″N
2723:Avi Shlaim
2708:Ilan Pappé
2546:Plan Dalet
2514:Background
2420:Criticism
2375:2023–2024
2352:ICJ cases
2346:1967
2340:1948
2334:1947
2297:2011
2271:2009
2265:2007
2259:2006
2253:2005
2247:2005
2241:2003
2235:2002
2229:2001
2219:2000
2202:1999
2196:1998
2190:1997
2178:1994
2172:1994
2160:1991
2119:1949
2106:1948
2051:2023
2045:2022
2039:2021
2029:2019
2019:2018
2013:2015
2007:2014
1997:2012
1991:2010
1975:2008
1953:2006
1919:2022
1913:2021
1907:2017
1896:2010
1890:2009
1880:2008
1874:2006
1834:2004
1828:2003
1804:2002
1796:2001
1790:2000
1731:1994
1712:1990
1706:1989
1702:Tunis raid
1700:1988
1670:1987
1657:1985
1651:1984
1645:1983
1632:1982
1626:1975
1620:1973
1592:1980
1582:1978
1576:1976
1570:1975
1560:1974
1541:1972
1535:1970
1520:insurgency
1499:1968
1487:1967
1479:Khan Yunis
1475:Kafr Qasim
1473:1956
1467:1953
1434:1948
1381:1929
1375:1921
1346:Background
1057:Golda Meir
1047:Dan Halutz
1017:Meir Dagan
997:Ehud Barak
992:Ami Ayalon
881:Lions' Den
818:Principals
663:Oyoun Qara
639:Khan Yunis
633:Kafr Qasim
573:Abu Shusha
382:prisoners"
258:References
204:Ein Zeitim
199:Elad Peled
145:Plan Dalet
139:Background
2713:Tom Segev
2601:Nakba Day
2541:Palestine
2156:Fahd Plan
2100:1948–1991
1860:campaigns
1836:"Rainbow"
1799:Santorini
1755:2000–2005
1694:1987–1991
1662:hijacking
1614:1973–1987
1551:"Bayonet"
1529:1968–1982
1441:massacres
1428:1948–1970
1408:Civil War
1354:1920–1948
1255:Abu Nidal
1220:Abu Jihad
1145:Abu Abbas
1127:Zvi Zamir
946:Hezbollah
492:p.111-113
226:Aftermath
88:villagers
2401:Analysis
2243:Road Map
2093:Timeline
1987:Gaza War
1938:conflict
1807:Karine A
1325:Timeline
979:Israelis
866:Children
777:Israelis
507:, p. 61.
478:(2006):
392:number."
241:See also
165:Massacre
56:Location
33:and the
906:PFLP-GC
609:Eilabun
591:Tantura
195:Palmach
179:Davidka
121:Palmach
97:Palmach
82:Victims
2589:causes
1607:
1421:
795:Mossad
621:Sa'sa'
603:Saliha
597:Safsaf
503:
488:
472:p. 36.
450:
424:
211:Yiftah
74:Deaths
2596:UNRWA
2507:Nakba
2367:2024
2355:2004
2285:2010s
2213:2000s
2148:1990s
1767:lists
1360:1920
840:Hamas
835:Fatah
687:Flour
645:Rafah
627:Qibya
579:Lydda
462:-223)
458:(pp.
175:Safed
35:Nakba
1779:list
1725:list
901:PFLP
896:PPSF
871:DFLP
501:ISBN
486:ISBN
448:ISBN
432:(p.
422:ISBN
209:One
193:The
147:and
111:The
66:Date
911:PRC
891:PLF
886:PIJ
460:222
434:130
206:."
77:70+
2835::
2223:/
177:.
2499:e
2492:t
2485:v
1557:)
746:e
739:t
732:v
535:e
528:t
521:v
456:.
436:)
430:.
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