75:
31:
43:
819:
the picture once the industry had become firmly established. As late as 1917, there were 127 different makes of
American automobiles on the market, as compared with little more than a dozen in 1947 . For the sake of the completeness of the present record, and in order to aid future scholars and research workers, I should like to give the list of American automobiles current thirty years ago :
63:
128:
Though the automobile was invented a few years before the start of the Brass Era, the 20 years that make up this era represent the beginning of the automotive industry. It was a period of small-scale manufacturing, experimental designs, and alternative power systems. The middle of this period saw the
818:
I have already indicated how the early "craze" for horseless carriages caused automobile plants to spring up like mushroom growths all over the country, just as hundreds of locomotive plants had sprung up in the early days of railroading. In both instances, however, the great majority faded out of
164:
1915, the agreed-upon cutoff of the Brass Era, was the final year the Ford Model T was available with brass fitments. At this point the style had also begun to be considered outdated, and by the 1920s few if any vehicles continued to employ brass in their designs.
230:
Transmissions and throttle controls were widely adopted, allowing a variety of cruising speeds, though vehicles generally still had discrete speed settings, rather than the infinitely variable system familiar in cars of later eras.
161:
The vehicles most closely associated with the Brass Era were larger, more expensive luxury vehicles, such as those built by
Packard, Peerless, Pierce-Arrow, Cadillac, and other premium manufacturers.
125:
Early automakers turned to brass for their vehicles for both its looks and function. It held up well against tarnishing and bad weather, but required regular polishing to maintain its appearance.
78:
A Stanley
Steamer racecar in 1903; in 1906, a similar Stanley Rocket set the world land speed record at 127.6 miles per hour (205.4 km/h) at Daytona Beach Road Course
1392:
466:
1975:
1807:
1131:
236:
184:
was rapid, due in part to hundreds of small manufacturers competing to gain the world's attention. Key developments included the electric
110:
1754:
811:
1568:
1746:
1800:
1685:
281:
magazine catalogued the entire range of automobiles available to the mass market in the United States. This list included:
1482:
1155:
440:
114:
1352:
142:
Through this period, electric, gasoline, and steam propulsion power were the powertrains of choice, though gas-powered
1725:
915:
907:
277:
1793:
1898:
1888:
1908:
1103:
1015:
814:
for many years as a journalist and editor of trade journals, wrote in his memoir (1947) about his experiences:
1763:
1752:
Devil-Wagon Days, by
Dorothy V. Walters, the Wisconsin Magazine of History Vol. 30, September 1946, pp. 69–77
1342:
1247:
1175:
1047:
736:
548:
17:
177:
some of the fastest road vehicles of their day. Electric cars also held a market share throughout the era.
1167:
1139:
871:
827:
146:
were dominant by the end of this period. Various body styles were also in vogue at the time, including the
1955:
1298:
1271:
1267:
674:
650:
98:. It is generally considered to encompass 1896 through 1915, a time when cars were often referred to as
1332:
1263:
1203:
1183:
967:
831:
542:
414:
286:
143:
35:
1816:
1477:
1396:
1362:
1079:
995:
935:
851:
394:
348:
95:
67:
1412:
1063:
1031:
1023:
1011:
1003:
951:
923:
859:
632:
430:
404:
1960:
1785:
1259:
1187:
1151:
716:
700:
616:
552:
444:
1251:
1195:
1143:
1039:
939:
903:
855:
762:
606:
558:
512:
201:
181:
1402:
1302:
1235:
1171:
1135:
1083:
983:
963:
911:
835:
720:
688:
578:
568:
562:
496:
482:
472:
434:
424:
380:
358:
320:
1507:
1751:
1532:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1179:
1111:
1091:
1055:
1019:
991:
975:
883:
752:
726:
612:
518:
224:
8:
1970:
1965:
1444:
1422:
1356:
1319:
1223:
1215:
1107:
1095:
1075:
1071:
1059:
891:
843:
790:
758:
746:
704:
572:
450:
390:
332:
193:
47:
117:
eras, although these terms are really not meaningful outside the former
British Empire.
1440:
1346:
1292:
1288:
1239:
1163:
1159:
1067:
971:
959:
947:
895:
768:
522:
492:
476:
460:
290:
240:
99:
1572:
134:
1721:
1681:
1672:
1376:
1366:
1043:
1027:
863:
847:
794:
784:
774:
528:
368:
352:
306:
55:
1714:
1336:
1326:
1227:
1127:
979:
919:
887:
778:
694:
662:
508:
486:
1758:
1428:
1406:
1207:
927:
668:
538:
502:
342:
336:
316:
310:
300:
248:
185:
139:
a front-engine, rear-drive design that became the industry standard for decades.
1689:
1664:
1308:
1211:
1099:
823:
807:
732:
684:
678:
384:
212:
151:
1949:
1769:
1709:
1416:
1275:
1243:
1199:
1191:
1119:
1087:
644:
628:
600:
173:
In the early part of this period, steam-car development had advanced, making
239:
in
England in 1905, but would not become standard equipment until 1926 on a
1893:
1312:
1147:
622:
532:
420:
232:
197:
147:
1929:
1915:
1903:
1883:
1873:
1696:
1487:
1467:
1457:
638:
454:
410:
400:
326:
220:
106:
1219:
1115:
867:
742:
710:
584:
87:
30:
1741:
1462:
1035:
1007:
899:
252:
189:
174:
74:
262:
1472:
955:
879:
839:
296:
216:
1815:
1569:"Stanley steamers amongst fastest road vehicles around 1906–1911"
1434:
1123:
999:
987:
656:
596:
590:
362:
155:
130:
1676:
42:
1051:
374:
94:
fittings used during this time for such features as lights and
27:
American term for the early period of automotive manufacturing
1231:
943:
931:
875:
256:
208:
205:
91:
1774:
267:
244:
105:
Elsewhere in the world, this period would be considered by
62:
1779:
255:
pioneered the use of all-steel bodies, joined in 1914 by
1699:(January 1988), "10 Best Engineering Breakthroughs",
1680:. Available as a reprint from Lindsay Publications (
802:
1713:
1642:
1720:, New York: Beekman House, distributed by Crown,
1278:, had already disappeared from the scene by 1917.
263:Lists of North American manufacturers of this era
204:(actually conceived by Bollée in 1873), and four-
1947:
54:1906. The vehicle was the conveyance of General
227:, though many other systems were still in use.
1817:U.S. Classification of Automobile history eras
1620:
1618:
1616:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1549:
1533:"Theme : Benchmarks – Le Système Panhard"
1801:
1282:
150:(resembling the horse buggy of before 1900),
86:is an American term for the early period of
1630:
1613:
1586:
158:, and other more expensive closed bodies.
1808:
1794:
1976:Conservation and restoration of vehicles
1708:
1607:
1555:
1505:
73:
61:
41:
29:
1530:
775:Wilson Automobile Manufacturing Company
711:Standard Automobile Company of New York
467:Societe Franco-Americaine d'Automobiles
327:Automobile Exchange and Storage Company
90:manufacturing, named for the prominent
14:
1948:
1663:
1648:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1789:
1695:
1636:
1624:
1595:
243:. Angle steel took over from armored
1671:, New York and London: McGraw-Hill,
297:Apperson Brothers Automobile Company
1483:Most expensive cars sold in auction
1353:James Cunningham, Son & Company
1258:A great many more names, including
651:Premier Motor Manufacturing Company
441:Eisenhuth Horseless Vehicle Company
287:American Darracq Automobile Company
58:(leftmost figure in the back seat).
24:
200:, 1903, tends to get the credit),
25:
1987:
1735:
1669:Sixty Years with Men and Machines
349:Buffalo Electric Carriage Company
251:material of choice, and in 1912,
235:also made its debut, patented by
803:Fred H. Colvin's list as of 1917
733:J. Stevens Arms and Tool Company
701:St. Louis Motor Carriage Company
1657:
569:National Sewing Machine Company
50:Tourist model US Army vehicle,
1561:
1524:
1506:Beaulieu, Jenna (2019-07-03).
1499:
1058:, Madison, Maibohm, Majestic,
717:Stanley Motor Carriage Company
579:Northern Manufacturing Company
559:National Motor Vehicle Company
483:Fredonia Manufacturing Company
381:Columbus Motor Vehicle Company
278:Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly
269:Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly
109:enthusiasts to consist of the
13:
1:
1571:. Docstoc.com. Archived from
1493:
785:Winton Motor Carriage Company
759:Waltham Manufacturing Company
737:Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts
549:Locomobile Company of America
411:Daimler Manufacturing Company
168:
1531:Patrick, Sean (2015-03-24).
812:American automotive industry
769:White Sewing Machine Company
613:Phelps Motor Vehicle Company
451:Elmore Manufacturing Company
7:
1451:
1299:American Locomotive Company
791:Woods Motor Vehicle Company
743:Studebaker Brothers Company
675:Sandusky Automobile Company
473:Franklin Automobile Company
401:Crest Manufacturing Company
359:Cadillac Automobile Company
333:Baker Motor Vehicle Company
144:internal combustion engines
120:
10:
1992:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1907:
1902:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1775:Horseless Carriage Gazette
1703:, vol. 33, no. 7
1283:Other North American makes
753:E. R. Thomas Motor Company
607:Peerless Motor Car Company
543:Springfield, Massachusetts
529:Kirk Manufacturing Company
415:Long Island City, New York
369:Central Automobile Company
1897:
1892:
1823:
1478:History of the automobile
1397:Saint John, New Brunswick
1363:K-R-I-T Motor Car Company
591:Packard Motor Car Company
307:Auburn Automobile Company
1508:"What is the Brass Era?"
633:Hyde Park, Massachusetts
623:George N. Pierce Company
519:Thos. B. Jeffery Company
509:Holley Motor Car Company
431:Electric Vehicle Company
405:Cambridge, Massachusetts
391:B. V. Covert and Company
1343:Hamilton Motors Company
669:Royal Motor Car Company
653:(Indianapolis, Indiana)
647:(Indianapolis, Indiana)
617:Stoneham, Massachusetts
553:Bridgeport, Connecticut
539:Knox Automobile Company
503:Haynes-Apperson Company
445:Middletown, Connecticut
343:Berg Automobile Company
1280:
763:Waltham, Massachusetts
513:Bradford, Pennsylvania
202:independent suspension
148:high-wheel motor buggy
79:
71:
59:
39:
1782:(has a brass section)
1512:Seal Cove Auto Museum
1303:Schenectady, New York
816:
727:F. B. Stearns Company
721:Newton, Massachusetts
689:Boston, Massachusetts
629:Pope-Robinson Company
563:Indianapolis, Indiana
497:Orange, Massachusetts
435:Hartford, Connecticut
425:Reading, Pennsylvania
321:Ardmore, Pennsylvania
223:were widely used for
182:automotive technology
131:Panhard et Levassor's
77:
65:
45:
33:
1770:Hispano-Suiza photos
1387:Nashville, Tennessee
713:(New York, New York)
697:(New York, New York)
665:(New York, New York)
659:(New York, New York)
645:Pope-Waverly Company
469:(New York, New York)
421:Duryea Power Company
377:(New York, New York)
371:(New York, New York)
345:(New York, New York)
329:(New York, New York)
1651:, pp. 124–125.
1445:Union City, Indiana
1437:(Chicago, Illinois)
1357:Rochester, New York
1320:Brockville, Ontario
755:(Buffalo, New York)
747:South Bend, Indiana
705:St. Louis, Missouri
639:Pope-Toledo Company
625:(Buffalo, New York)
593:(Detroit, Michigan)
587:(Detroit, Michigan)
581:(Detroit, Michigan)
573:Belvidere, Illinois
463:(Detroit, Michigan)
375:Clodio and Widmayer
100:horseless carriages
1956:Brass Era vehicles
1879:Brass or Edwardian
1780:Vintage Auto Parts
1757:2006-01-27 at the
1347:Plymouth, Michigan
1318:Brockville-Atlas (
1293:Plymouth, Michigan
810:, who covered the
523:Kenosha, Wisconsin
477:Syracuse, New York
461:Ford Motor Company
395:Lockport, New York
291:New York, New York
275:In January, 1904,
80:
72:
60:
40:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1926:Post-war classic
1686:978-0-917914-86-7
1377:Anderson, Indiana
1367:Detroit, Michigan
1102:, Morse, Murray,
1038:, Laurel, Lenox,
795:Chicago, Illinois
787:(Cleveland, Ohio)
771:(Cleveland, Ohio)
729:(Cleveland, Ohio)
671:(Cleveland, Ohio)
609:(Cleveland, Ohio)
505:(Kokomo, Indiana)
363:Detroit, Michigan
353:Buffalo, New York
56:Frederick Funston
16:(Redirected from
1983:
1920:Pre-war classic
1826:
1825:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1766:(mostly Model T)
1764:Frontenac Motors
1730:
1719:
1704:
1679:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1503:
1337:Denver, Colorado
1327:Cincinnati, Ohio
779:Wilson, New York
695:Smith and Mabley
663:Rochet-Schneider
597:Panhard-Levassor
585:Olds Motor Works
487:Youngstown, Ohio
196:in 1898, though
129:introduction of
113:(pre-1904), and
21:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1819:
1814:
1759:Wayback Machine
1738:
1728:
1716:Cars, 1886–1930
1688:). Foreword by
1665:Colvin, Fred H.
1660:
1655:
1647:
1643:
1635:
1631:
1623:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1587:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1541:
1539:
1537:Driven To Write
1529:
1525:
1516:
1514:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1454:
1429:Stoddard-Dayton
1407:Oshawa, Ontario
1285:
1208:Stanley Steamer
805:
800:
337:Cleveland, Ohio
317:Autocar Company
311:Auburn, Indiana
301:Kokomo, Indiana
273:
265:
186:ignition system
180:Development of
171:
135:Système Panhard
123:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1989:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1961:Cars by period
1958:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1749:
1747:Cars of Canada
1744:
1737:
1736:External links
1734:
1733:
1732:
1726:
1710:Georgano, G.N.
1706:
1701:Car and Driver
1693:
1690:Ralph Flanders
1659:
1656:
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1612:
1600:
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1465:
1460:
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1449:
1448:
1438:
1432:
1431:(Dayton, Ohio)
1426:
1425:(Toledo, Ohio)
1420:
1410:
1400:
1390:
1380:
1370:
1360:
1350:
1340:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1284:
1281:
1256:
1255:
1212:Stearns-Knight
1060:Marion-Handley
824:Abbott-Detroit
808:Fred H. Colvin
804:
801:
799:
798:
788:
782:
772:
766:
756:
750:
740:
730:
724:
714:
708:
698:
692:
682:
679:Sandusky, Ohio
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
641:(Toledo, Ohio)
636:
626:
620:
610:
604:
594:
588:
582:
576:
566:
556:
546:
536:
526:
516:
506:
500:
493:Grout Brothers
490:
480:
470:
464:
458:
448:
438:
428:
418:
408:
398:
388:
385:Columbus, Ohio
378:
372:
366:
356:
346:
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330:
324:
314:
304:
294:
283:
272:
266:
264:
261:
213:Arrol-Johnston
170:
167:
122:
119:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1988:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
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1954:
1953:
1951:
1931:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1900:
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1743:
1742:Brassauto.com
1740:
1739:
1729:
1727:0-517-48073-5
1723:
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1678:
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1670:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1650:
1645:
1639:, p. 63.
1638:
1633:
1627:, p. 62.
1626:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1610:, p. 27.
1609:
1608:Georgano 1985
1604:
1598:, p. 61.
1597:
1592:
1590:
1575:on 2011-03-11
1574:
1570:
1564:
1557:
1556:Georgano 1985
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1417:Peru, Indiana
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1249:
1245:
1244:Willys-Knight
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:Scripps-Booth
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:Partin-Palmer
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:Moline-Knight
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921:
917:
913:
909:
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885:
881:
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873:
869:
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861:
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841:
837:
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829:
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822:
821:
820:
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813:
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796:
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718:
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712:
709:
706:
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699:
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693:
690:
686:
685:K. A. Skinner
683:
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70:advertisement
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19:
18:Edwardian car
1878:
1715:
1700:
1697:Csere, Csaba
1668:
1658:Bibliography
1644:
1632:
1603:
1577:. Retrieved
1573:the original
1563:
1558:, p. 65
1551:
1540:. Retrieved
1536:
1526:
1515:. Retrieved
1511:
1501:
1393:Maritime Six
1313:Dayton, Ohio
1257:
1158:, Princess,
1148:Pierce-Arrow
962:, Fostoria,
922:, Dispatch,
908:Crow-Elkhart
832:American-Six
817:
806:
533:Toledo, Ohio
276:
274:
268:
241:Rickenbacker
233:Safety glass
229:
221:Leaf springs
198:Robert Bosch
179:
172:
163:
160:
141:
133:
127:
124:
104:
83:
81:
51:
1649:Colvin 1947
1488:Vintage car
1468:Classic car
1458:Antique car
1218:, Stewart,
1094:, Monitor,
1012:Inter-State
950:, Emerson,
924:Dixie Flyer
455:Clyde, Ohio
215:Company of
107:antique car
1971:1910s cars
1966:1900s cars
1950:Categories
1637:Csere 1988
1625:Csere 1988
1596:Csere 1988
1579:2010-12-05
1542:2023-01-20
1517:2023-01-20
1494:References
1403:McLaughlin
1220:Studebaker
1202:, Singer,
1140:Pathfinder
1116:Oldsmobile
1048:Locomobile
966:, F.R.P.,
942:, Drexel,
868:Bour-Davis
225:suspension
219:in 1909).
175:steam cars
169:Technology
88:automotive
1463:Steam car
1272:Speedwell
1196:Spaulding
1074:, Mecca,
1040:Lexington
1008:Hupmobile
954:, Enger,
920:Detroiter
900:Chevrolet
271:1904 list
237:John Wood
190:dynamotor
152:runabouts
115:Edwardian
96:radiators
84:Brass Era
1899:Post-War
1755:Archived
1712:(1985),
1677:47003762
1667:(1947),
1473:Cyclecar
1452:See also
1423:Overland
1383:Marathon
1236:Westcott
1216:Stephens
1204:Standard
1176:Richmond
1168:Republic
1144:Peerless
1136:Paterson
1104:National
1084:Mitchell
1072:McFarlan
984:Halladay
964:Franklin
896:Chandler
892:Chalmers
880:Cadillac
864:Brewster
840:Apperson
836:Anderson
217:Scotland
211:(by the
156:tonneaus
121:Overview
1934:Modern
1930:Classic
1916:Antique
1904:Classic
1894:War era
1889:Pre-War
1884:Vintage
1874:Veteran
1435:Tincher
1373:Lambert
1333:Colburn
1276:Waverly
1200:Simplex
1160:Pullman
1156:Premier
1124:Packard
1112:Oakland
1092:Monarch
1068:Maxwell
1056:Luverne
1044:Liberty
1020:Jeffery
1016:Jackson
1000:Hollier
992:Harvard
988:Harroun
976:Hackett
912:Daniels
884:Cameron
872:Briscoe
657:Renault
247:as the
192:on the
111:veteran
68:K-R-I-T
66:A 1911
38:Model C
36:Jackson
1909:Modern
1868:2020s
1865:2010s
1862:2000s
1859:1990s
1856:1980s
1853:1970s
1850:1960s
1847:1950s
1844:1940s
1841:1930s
1838:1920s
1835:1910s
1832:1900s
1829:1890s
1724:
1684:
1675:
1325:Cino (
1274:, and
1264:Duryea
1250:, and
1248:Winton
1180:Roamer
1108:Nelson
1096:Monroe
1076:Mercer
1064:Marmon
1052:Lozier
1032:Kissel
1024:Jordan
1004:Hudson
996:Haynes
980:H.A.L.
952:Empire
936:Dorris
860:Biddle
852:Austin
848:Auburn
844:Arbenz
209:brakes
194:Arnold
1441:Union
1413:Model
1309:Arrow
1289:Alter
1260:Brush
1240:White
1232:Velie
1224:Stutz
1188:Saxon
1164:Regal
1152:Pilot
1128:Paige
1036:Kline
972:Grant
968:Glide
948:Elgin
944:Elcar
932:Dodge
928:Doble
916:Davis
876:Buick
828:Allen
257:Dodge
249:frame
206:wheel
92:brass
52:circa
48:Royal
34:1905
1923:War
1722:ISBN
1682:ISBN
1673:LCCN
1268:Alco
1252:Yale
1184:Ross
1120:Owen
1100:Moon
1080:Metz
1028:King
960:Ford
956:Fiat
940:Dort
904:Cole
888:Case
856:Bell
253:Hupp
245:wood
188:(by
82:The
1228:Sun
1172:Reo
1952::
1615:^
1588:^
1535:.
1510:.
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