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215:. From 2014-2019, Chang led a multi-institutional project in the US BRAIN Initiative, which focused on developing new medical device technology to treat severe refractory neuropsychiatric conditions. He and colleagues developed new methods to record and precisely stimulate focal brain regions to alleviate depression and anxiety, as well as methods to detect and monitor depression symptoms from brain activity.
183:
functional organization of human motor cortex. The dorsal laryngeal cortex is a region that is responsible for controlling the intonational pitch of one's voice when speaking, and when stimulated, can evoke vocalization. It has been proposed that this area may have been critical to the evolution of speech in humans.
198:
cortex, and has unique integrative functions including auditory processing and reading and spelling. He demonstrated that surgical resection of a tumor in the left precentral gyrus can result in apraxia of speech, a condition where articulatory speech fluency is affected, despite normal language
161:
To address information flow in auditory speech processing, Chang and his colleagues demonstrated that the primary auditory cortex may not be a critical input to phonological processing in the STG. They showed that both primary and non-primary STG areas are activated in parallel, and that interruption
141:
to specific acoustic and phonetic features in consonants and vowels. His lab discovered the neural coding of vocal pitch cues in prosodic intonation for
English and lexical tones in Mandarin. Chang's lab determined how the auditory cortex detects temporal landmarks such as onsets and acoustic edges
153:
is critical for conscious speech perception. That is, it is not only integral for detecting speech sounds but also interpreting them. For example, they showed how the superior temporal cortex can selectively attend to one voice when multiple voices are present and how it restores missing sounds to
202:
Chang's team applied their discoveries on speech control to develop new neuroprosthetic technology designed to restore communication to patients who have lost the ability to speak. In 2019, they demonstrated that is possible to synthesize intelligible speech sentences from cortical recordings of
145:
A general finding in his work is that the internal phonological representation of speech sounds results from complex auditory computations in the STG; including processes such as adaptation, contrast enhancement, normalization, complex spectral integration, non-linear processing, prediction and
115:. He later did his neurosurgery residency at UCSF and trained under the mentorship of Dr. Mitchel Berger for brain tumors, Dr. Nicholas Barbaro for epilepsy, and Dr. Michael Lawton for vascular disorders. During residency, he did postdoctoral fellowship on human cognitive neuroscience with Dr.
182:
control specific movements of the vocal tract, including the lips, jaw, tongue and larynx. With cortical recordings and electrical stimulation mapping, Chang demonstrated the existence of dual laryngeal motor representations on each hemisphere. This finding revised the long-held "homunculus"
222:
approved clinical trial, they demonstrated the first successful application of closed-loop deep brain stimulation for the treatment of depression, in which focal precise stimulation is applied episodically when brain recordings detected depression states. In 2023, Prasad
Shirvalkar, a pain
1109:
Metzger, Sean L.; Littlejohn, Kaylo T.; Silva, Alexander B.; Moses, David A.; Seaton, Margaret P.; Wang, Ran; Dougherty, Maximilian E.; Liu, Jessie R.; Wu, Peter; Berger, Michael A.; Zhuravleva, Inga; Tu-Chan, Adelyn; Ganguly, Karunesh; Anumanchipalli, Gopala K.; Chang, Edward F. (2023).
97:
Chang specializes in operative brain mapping to ensure the safety and effectiveness of surgery for treating seizures and brain tumors, as well as micro-neurosurgery for treating cranial nerve disorders such as trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. In 2020, Chang was elected into the
207:
and could not speak for over 15 years. They subsequently expanded this approach to demonstrate the first successful speech synthesis and control over a digital facial avatar, as well as large-vocabulary, high-performance text decoding.
102:
for “deciphering the functional blueprint of speech in the human cerebral cortex, pioneering advanced clinical methods for human brain mapping and spearheading novel translational neuroprosthetic technology for paralyzed patients.”
991:
Levy, Deborah F.; Silva, Alexander B.; Scott, Terri L.; Liu, Jessie R.; Harper, Sarah; Zhao, Lingyun; Hullett, Patrick W.; Kurteff, Garret; Wilson, Stephen M.; Leonard, Matthew K.; Chang, Edward F. (2023-03-27).
203:
brain activity. In 2021, as part of the BRAVO clinical trial, the team demonstrated the first successful decoding of full words and sentences from the brain activity of a man who was severely paralyzed after
166:
does not have significant consequences on auditory word recognition. Conversely, interruption of the left STG does impair auditory word recognition. Instead of serial feedforward processing in the classic
178:
Chang's lab also studies the basis of speech production, the neurobiological mechanisms that govern how we speak. He and his colleagues have mapped out how different locations of the
175:
in origin, auditory word processing is mediated by recurrent processing in the STG, and that word representations emerge from the time-dependent population dynamics of STG neurons.
199:
functions and intact orofacial motor strength. In contrast, resections in Broca's area can cause word finding difficulties, but rarely result in dysfluency of Broca's aphasia.
546:
654:
186:
Chang has proposed that the middle precentral gyrus is an important area for speech planning for articulation, a function that has been traditionally attributed to
1025:
Andrews, John P.; Cahn, Nathan; Speidel, Benjamin A.; Chung, Jason E.; Levy, Deborah F.; Wilson, Stephen M.; Berger, Mitchel S.; Chang, Edward F. (2022-08-05).
1214:
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510:
478:
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130:
Chang has made fundamental contributions to understanding the neural code of speech and neuropsychiatric conditions in the human brain.
1452:
994:"Apraxia of speech with phonological alexia and agraphia following resection of the left middle precentral gyrus: illustrative case"
678:
111:
Chang attended medical school at UCSF, where he also did a predoctoral fellowship on auditory cortex neurophysiology with
Professor
1437:
993:
142:
in the speech envelope signal to extract syllables and stress patterns, important for the rhythm and intelligibility of speech.
91:
90:
is an
American neurosurgeon and scientist. He is the Joan and Sandy Weill Chair of the Department of Neurological Surgery at the
42:
806:
1266:
1406:
873:
Silva, Alexander B.; Liu, Jessie R.; Zhao, Lingyun; Levy, Deborah F.; Scott, Terri L.; Chang, Edward F. (2022-11-09).
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neurologist at UCSF, and Chang demonstrated the direct brain activity patterns that predict chronic pain.
932:
Cheung, C.; Hamilton, L. S.; Johnson, K.; Chang, E. F. (2016-03-04). Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara G (ed.).
211:
Chang has also done research to understand and treat neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression and
1026:
1387:
204:
1027:"Dissociation of Broca's area from Broca's aphasia in patients undergoing neurosurgical resections"
454:"Edward Chang, MD, Appointed Joan and Sanford I. Weill Chair of Department of Neurological Surgery"
122:
Chang joined the UCSF neurosurgery faculty in 2010 and was promoted to department chair in 2020.
1442:
875:"A Neurosurgical Functional Dissection of the Middle Precentral Gyrus during Speech Production"
168:
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recordings from cortex, which enabled him and colleagues to determine the selective tuning of
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529:"Really? Really. How Our Brains Figure Out What Words Mean Based On How They're Said"
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Bouchard, Kristofer E.; Mesgarani, Nima; Johnson, Keith; Chang, Edward F. (2013).
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Department of
Neurological Surgery at the University of California, San Francisco
1383:
1352:
1175:"The Pentagon's gamble on brain implants, bionic limbs and combat exoskeletons"
1127:
1267:"A 'Pacemaker for the Brain': No Treatment Helped Her Depression — Until This"
1160:"AI Helps a Stroke Patient Speak Again, a Milestone for Tech and Neuroscience"
751:"Functional organization of human sensorimotor cortex for speech articulation"
479:"How Brain-Computer Interfaces Could Restore Speech and Help Fight Depression"
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1112:"A high-performance neuroprosthesis for speech decoding and avatar control"
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547:"The Loudness Of Vowels Helps The Brain Break Down Speech Into Syl-La-Bles"
212:
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67:
325:
Klingenstein
Fellowship Award in the Neurosciences, Ebert Scholar
950:
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1010:
1191:
1174:
934:"The auditory representation of speech sounds in human motor cortex"
172:
163:
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of the primary auditory cortex through electrical stimulation and
155:
807:"One Sentence With 7 Meanings Unlocks a Mystery of Human Speech"
195:
1215:"Researchers Uncover A Circuit For Sadness In The Human Brain"
748:
655:"Your brain fills gaps in your hearing without you realising"
171:
model, they propose an alternative model where inputs may be
433:"New Brain Implant Transmits Full Words from Neural Signals"
1234:"Brain Data Could Read Moods, Potentially Treat Depression"
1108:
931:
694:"Speech Computations of the Human Superior Temporal Gyrus"
679:"The Brain Processes Speech in Parallel With Other Sounds"
566:"Speech Computations of the Human Superior Temporal Gyrus"
511:"Researchers Watch As Our Brains Turn Sounds Into Words"
1024:
692:
Bhaya-Grossman, Ilina; Chang, Edward F. (2022-01-04).
564:
Bhaya-Grossman, Ilina; Chang, Edward F. (2022-01-04).
400:"Tapping Into the Brain to Help a Paralyzed Man Speak"
382:"National Academy of Medicine Elects 100 New Members"
691:
563:
990:
834:"Evolution of vocal learning and spoken language"
328:The Ester A. and Joseph Klingenstein Foundation
194:. This novel brain area overlaps with the dorsal
1424:
872:
1300:"Scientists Find Brain Signals of Chronic Pain"
350:American Association of Neurological Surgeons
303:McKnight Memory and Cognitive Disorders Award
133:Chang pioneered the use of high-density direct
306:The McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience
281:Blavatnik National Laureate in Life Sciences
94:and Jeanne Robertson Distinguished Professor.
1407:
1084:"Scientists Create Speech From Brain Signals"
1382:This biography of an American academic is a
1448:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
125:
1414:
1400:
314:NIH Director's New Innovator Award (DP2)
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1135:
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361:Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS)
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149:His lab demonstrated that the superior
92:University of California, San Francisco
43:University of California, San Francisco
1425:
1332:"2022 NAS Awards Recipients Announced"
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831:
430:
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998:Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons
317:National Institutes of Health (NIH)
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448:
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710:10.1146/annurev-psych-022321-035256
582:10.1146/annurev-psych-022321-035256
13:
106:
14:
1464:
1453:American academic biography stubs
1342:
1232:Hernandez, Daniela (2018-09-10).
477:Hernandez, Daniela (2022-09-02).
443:
388:
284:The Blavatnik Family Foundation
240:Society of Neurological Surgeons
1372:
1366:
623:"What Cocktail Parties Teach Us"
158:segment is replaced with noise.
1438:UCSF School of Medicine faculty
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1298:Runwal, Priyanka (2023-05-22).
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832:Jarvis, Erich D. (2019-10-04).
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685:
671:
647:
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336:Pathway to Independence Award
295:New York Stem Cell Foundation
270:Bowes Biomedical Investigator
1082:Carey, Benedict (2019-04-24).
892:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1614-22.2022
557:
539:
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259:National Academy of Medicine
251:National Academy of Sciences
1:
367:
1386:. You can help Knowledge by
1173:Reardon, Sara (2015-06-01).
621:Beck, Melinda (2012-04-23).
358:Wilder Penfield Fellowship
273:William K Bowes Foundation
100:National Academy of Medicine
7:
1265:Belluck, Pam (2021-10-04).
698:Annual Review of Psychology
570:Annual Review of Psychology
398:Belluck, Pam (2021-07-14).
10:
1469:
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1128:10.1038/s41586-023-06443-4
190:in the posterior inferior
226:
81:
73:
63:
56:
48:
38:
28:
21:
1351:publications indexed by
126:Scientific contributions
1031:Journal of Neurosurgery
879:Journal of Neuroscience
851:10.1126/science.aax0287
458:UCSF School of Medicine
292:Robertson Investigator
1433:American neurosurgeons
1043:10.3171/2022.6.JNS2297
218:In 2021, as part of a
347:Ronald Bittner Award
16:American neurosurgeon
135:electrophysiological
1238:Wall Street Journal
1122:(7976): 1037–1046.
951:10.7554/eLife.12577
767:10.1038/nature11911
627:Wall Street Journal
483:Wall Street Journal
437:Scientific American
431:Willingham, Emily.
384:. October 19, 2020.
262:National Academies
180:sensorimotor cortex
146:temporal dynamics.
1304:The New York Times
1271:The New York Times
1088:The New York Times
404:The New York Times
339:K99/R00 NIH NINDS
1395:
1394:
1185:(7555): 142–144.
1011:10.3171/CASE22504
885:(45): 8416–8426.
761:(7441): 327–332.
365:
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113:Michael Merzenich
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58:Scientific career
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139:cortical neurons
119:at UC Berkeley.
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107:Academic career
39:Alma mater
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33:Edward F. Chang
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1388:expanding it
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213:chronic pain
210:
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188:Broca’s area
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88:Edward Chang
87:
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74:Institutions
68:Neuroscience
57:
52:Neurosurgery
23:Edward Chang
237:Winn Prize
1427:Categories
1317:2023-07-19
1284:2023-07-19
1251:2023-07-19
944:: e12577.
664:2023-07-19
640:2023-07-19
496:2023-07-19
463:2023-06-19
417:2021-07-22
368:References
1312:0362-4331
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978:26943778
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196:larynx
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938:eLife
811:Wired
355:2008
344:2009
333:2009
322:2011
311:2011
300:2014
289:2015
278:2015
267:2018
256:2020
245:2022
234:2023
1384:stub
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1197:ISSN
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