964:, a type of oil shale. He had obtained a patent for the process in October 1850, and the torbanite had been discovered on the Torbanehill estate, about halfway between Bathgate and Whitburn. Young joined in partnership with Edward William Binney and Edward Meldrum and the Bathgate Works started operations in February 1851. This was the first commercial oil works in the world. When the torbanite was exhausted, shale rocks were exploited, at Bathgate and elsewhere in the locality, and although they had an inferior oil content they were nonetheless commercially desirable. The Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway built a branch line from the E&BR line to Blackhall, connecting Young's oil processing plant; the line opened in 1850 and diverged from the E&BR immediately east of the Bathgate station.
1024:, a mental hospital near Dechmont. The road network in the district was inadequate, and the large premises would require a considerable volume of general stores as well as coal. A private branch railway was opened to the public on 19 June 1905 from the E&BR line, authorised by the Edinburgh and District Lunacy Board Act, 30 July 1900. (The line may have been used before the official opening date in connection with construction of the hospital.) It was worked by the North British Railway, and there was an intermediate station at Dechmont, available to the general public, and many of the staff lived at Dechmont and used the railway for travel to the hospital. Bangour station was considered private, and tickets issued to and from it were marked "Bangour (Private)".
2429:
2423:
820:
752:
681:
1045:
481:
454:
427:
2913:
2444:
879:
2417:
3265:
307:
3218:
2859:
25:
3197:
318:
468:
279:
441:
414:
392:
370:
345:
2339:
1712:
The lease charge was complex; the E&GR were to pay to the E&BR "an annual fixed rent ... equal to four per cent. on a further fluctuating and contingent rent, or consideration, equal to one-half of the whole receipts ... after deducting the said fixed rent of four per cent., and a sum equal
1086:
The road traffic congestion in
Edinburgh became increasingly difficult in the 1970s and 1980s. In addition, Livingston New Town had now developed considerably from a slow start, and a scheme was prepared to reopen the E&BR line as a branch from the Edinburgh and Glasgow main line to Bathgate,
997:
In 1866 the E&BR Company was opposing NBR Bills for direct access to certain mineral sites, which would reduce NBR dependency on the E&BR. The NBR board set about a scheme to purchase the E&BR company outright, and agreed terms of 5% on capital for seven years, then rising to 5.5%, as
937:
The only branch that was built by the E&BR was to Uphall, and from there a mineral railway extension ran to the Binny Quarry, near
Ecclesmachan. The main line to Bathgate was opened on 12 November 1849. The company had been encouraged by the E&GR, and the E&BR leased its line to the
1078:, but passenger use of the line had declined heavily and on 8 January 1956 the passenger service was withdrawn. A sporadic goods service continued, but the line was sustained by the motor vehicle manufacturing activity. Some passenger use of the line for seasonal trains continued until 1960.
902:
main line. In addition there were to be branches to
Midcalder, to Binny Quarries, from Barrack to Whitburn, and a loop from Whitburn to Bathgate, though in fact only one of these was built by the E&BR. The authorised capital was £250,000. Two subsequent acts of Parliament, the
1739:
was designated as a new town in 1962, although the intention was first declared in 1946. The growth of the urban area eventually filled the space between the former E&BR line and the Shotts line to
Edinburgh. A new station opened on the latter line on 6 October
998:
well as accepting all of the E&BR's debenture debt. However a shareholders' meeting threw out the scheme. At the E&BR half-yearly meeting on 10 August 1866 the E&BR chairman regretted the loss of the arrangement, blaming factions within the NBR.
653:. In 1956 the passenger service was withdrawn, but it was reinstated from Edinburgh to Bathgate in 1986. In 2010 the through route to Airdrie and Glasgow was reopened and electrified, and the line continues in heavy passenger use at the present day.
1035:
for treatment of wounded soldiers, and the road network was correspondingly improved. After the war, the necessity for the railway was diminished and it was closed on 1 August 1921, although passenger services probably ceased on 4 May 1921.
1722:
Some sources are unclear about the status of the company. Ross says (page 72) that it was "vested" in the E&GR for 999 years from 31 July 1852, and it "passed into the NBR embrace in 1865". In fact the
Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway
1104:
provided substantial funding toward the project, which was intended to help ease commuting difficulties to and from
Edinburgh as road congestion worsened in the mid 1980s, and to alleviate some of the hardship caused by West Lothian's
1052:
In the first decades of the twentieth century, the shale oil industry was at its height, and numerous mineral lines were connected to the
Bathgate line serving shale pits and oil works, where the oil was extracted from the mineral.
1127:
The line succeeded in respect of patronage; usage was well above predictions and over the years, Sunday trains were introduced, and the basic weekday service doubled from hourly to every thirty minutes each way during peak hours.
1027:
The terms of operation by the NBR required the hospital to guarantee an income of £1,500 annually to the NBR. It was estimated that the actual income was £300 a year, so that the subsidy amounted to £1,200.
1095:
Having only carried freight traffic to and from
Bathgate (mainly automotive traffic) since passenger services ceased over the line in 1956, the line was reopened to passenger services on 24 March 1986 by
1109:. (Since passenger services had ceased in 1956, the remaining shale oil industry became extinct, coal mining was virtually ended in 1984–1986 by the Thatcher government, and the Bathgate plant of
1277:
1235:
Bathgate; opened 12 November 1849; renamed
Bathgate Upper 1856; closed 9 January 1956; reopened 24 March 1986; closed 12 December 2010 when new station on through line opened.
1116:
Economies were made in the project delivery - specifically three miles of railway were removed and between
Cawburn Jn and Carmondean Jn, a single line was provided, serving
641:
was extracted in the area, and the line became very successful from that traffic. Other railways joined at Bathgate and the line later became part of a through route from
1056:
However the availability of cheaper liquid oil supplies from the Middle East and elsewhere reduced the demand for shale oil, and the industry declined sharply by 1918.
898:
c. cccxxxii) on 3 August 1846. The main line of 11 miles (17 km) was to run to Bathgate, then an important manufacturing town, from a junction near Ratho on the
1012:
In 1895 there were seven passenger trains daily on the line, with two more on Saturdays; some of these were semi-fast, running through from Edinburgh to Glasgow.
1001:
In 1869 the NBR built a branch to Pumpherston Oil Works and Camps brickworks (from Houston) and in 1875 to Seafield Oil Works (from West Calder Branch Junction).
994:
The Edinburgh and Glasgow was absorbed by the North British Railway on 1 August 1865; the E&GR had itself absorbed the Monkland Railways the previous day.
979:
section of the Monkland Railways. The rope worked sections were by-passed by the "new line" by 1859, but it was not until 1871 that a direct NBR line between
1727:
remained in existence until 1922, but the physical line was leased to the E&GR, and the lease passed to the NBR when it took over the E&GR in 1865.
242:
1124:. The passenger line continued to the terminus at Bathgate while a freight only line (the former Down line) ran between Carmondean Jn and Bathgate yard.
1219:
Dechmont; opened October 1850, with trains calling on Wednesdays only; closed December 1861; there was later a Dechmont station on the Bangour branch;
2788:
529:. Except for the short section at the original Bathgate terminus, the main line is still in use, with a frequent passenger train service operated by
837:
An Act to enable the Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway Company to extend their Whitburn Branch, and to alter or deviate their Uphall and Binnie Branch.
2315:
1781:
698:
An Act for making a Railway from the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway to Bathgate, with Branches, to be called "The Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway."
1660:
89:
1067:, and the government again reorganised the railways in 1948, when the Scottish Region of the nationally owned British Railways took charge.
61:
3337:
2662:
1281:
42:
2221:
1790:
938:
E&GR for 999 years from the date of opening. The lease charge was 4% of the capital cost of the line plus a proportion of receipts.
2752:
2216:
68:
2677:
2092:
1938:
975:) and from Armadale, both routes reaching Bathgate in 1855, and connecting the town to Airdrie and Coatbridge, via the rope-worked
956:
Bathgate was an established centre of traditional industries when the line was proposed, but the situation was revolutionised when
235:
75:
2767:
1869:
842:
764:
703:
2783:
2727:
2672:
1753:. The signal box at the site was named Livingstone in the 1960 Sectional Appendix issued by British Railways Scottish Region.
1563:
1536:
57:
2742:
2308:
1774:
1004:
In 1897 the NBR opened the chord at Bathgate allowing through running from north (Blackstone) to east (towards Edinburgh).
2829:
2338:
2282:
2197:
1175:
602:
228:
3332:
2712:
2493:
2272:
1171:
1170:
resulted in diesel services operating initially between Edinburgh and Bathgate. In 2011, a half-hourly service between
571:
476:
1222:
Livingstone; opened 12 November 1849; sometimes also spelt Livingston; closed 1 November 1948; a new station known as
2824:
1502:
1473:
1415:
1385:
1327:
1253:
108:
2747:
2722:
1593:
1445:
1121:
1060:
824:
756:
685:
378:
3327:
2757:
2301:
2004:
1767:
567:
328:
2892:
2814:
2793:
2647:
2488:
2277:
2247:
2211:
1155:
957:
870:
792:
542:
422:
46:
2702:
2697:
2657:
2642:
2523:
899:
634:
82:
2652:
2508:
2252:
1814:
1627:
971:
too wished to reach the area and they extended their line eastward from Blackstone Junction (on the former
260:
2762:
2687:
2682:
2667:
2549:
2544:
2103:
1894:
579:
1135:
until electrification, passenger train services were operated by diesel multiple units (at first mainly
3047:
3032:
2912:
2717:
2707:
2518:
2503:
2473:
2262:
2173:
2048:
1843:
650:
583:
2910:
2732:
2632:
2513:
2498:
2483:
2468:
1874:
1408:
A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume 6, Scotland, the Lowlands and the Borders
606:
449:
1193:
Broxburn; opened 12 November 1849; renamed Drumshoreland May 1870; closed 18 June 1951; there was a
3067:
2737:
2361:
1884:
1736:
1101:
1021:
945:
the E&BR Company remained in existence until the grouping of the railways in 1923 (see below).
353:
1713:
to 33 per cent. on such gross receipts in respect of the expense of maintaining and working the ".
3301:
3284:
3279:
3148:
3112:
2966:
2951:
2637:
2478:
2397:
1879:
980:
610:
552:
35:
1647:
Sectional Appendix to the Working Timetables and Books of Rules and Regulations: Section 2: West
3274:
3264:
3253:
3243:
3143:
3087:
2935:
2930:
2324:
1167:
1163:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1117:
948:
The initial stations from Bathgate Junction (near Ratho) were Broxburn, Houston, and Bathgate.
400:
3306:
3163:
3072:
3016:
2819:
2692:
2377:
2267:
2257:
2178:
1949:
832:
693:
986:
Numerous mineral branches were built from the E&BR line to nearby points of extraction.
960:, an industrial chemist, had developed an industrial process of manufacturing paraffin from
3153:
3117:
3052:
2231:
1836:
1821:
1804:
8:
3238:
3037:
2392:
1927:
1106:
1158:
and electrification of the route resulting in the incorporation of the service into the
3248:
2996:
2956:
2809:
2590:
2564:
2402:
2183:
2125:
2026:
1889:
1831:
1654:
1491:
976:
548:
3342:
3206:
3138:
1826:
1700:
1589:
1559:
1532:
1498:
1469:
1441:
1411:
1381:
1323:
1064:
972:
968:
942:
2441:
3196:
3062:
2834:
2595:
2569:
2554:
2387:
2136:
2114:
2015:
1971:
1159:
924:
912:
847:
769:
598:
575:
289:
1190:; divergence from Edinburgh to Glasgow main line; now known as Newbridge Junction;
3233:
3168:
2876:
2539:
2226:
2163:
2081:
1982:
1110:
931:
895:
708:
591:
480:
453:
426:
3097:
3092:
2168:
1075:
597:
From 12 December 2010, the Edinburgh to Bathgate service was absorbed into the
2856:
2336:
3321:
3158:
2600:
2443:
2382:
2356:
2059:
1993:
1363:
The Scottish Jurist: Being Reports of Cases Decided in the Courts of Scotland
1071:
1044:
168:
1759:
2559:
1809:
1132:
1097:
860:
782:
721:
587:
139:
3133:
3102:
2574:
2293:
2147:
2037:
1916:
1032:
190:
1166:
electric multiple units. Delay in the delivery and commissioning of the
878:
3107:
3077:
3057:
551:
declared that in line with plans to upgrade the unfinished part of the
3227:
3082:
3006:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2971:
1960:
1614:
Railway Passenger Stations in England Scotland and Wales—A Chronology
961:
642:
638:
560:
149:
886:
The Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway (E&BR) was authorised by the
24:
3011:
3001:
2976:
2961:
2605:
1860:
1848:
630:
530:
518:
178:
153:
1203:; Pumpherston Oil Works 1869–1961 and Camps Brick Works 1869–1959;
1059:
In 1923 the North British Railway became a constituent of the new
3042:
1365:. Vol. XXX. Edinburgh: Thomas Constable and Co. p. 344.
1226:
was opened on 24 March 1986 0.80-mile (1.29 km) to the east;
919:
Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway (Extension and Deviation) Act 1848
907:
Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway (Deviation and Amendment) Act 1847
807:
Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway (Extension and Deviation) Act 1848
739:
Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway (Deviation and Amendment) Act 1847
646:
633:, in 1849. The owning company immediately leased the line to the
556:
514:
1644:
1631:
1703:, but that is wrong; the Slamannan came no nearer than Manuel.
574:
and Bathgate was rebuilt and electrified, connecting with the
3217:
1410:. revised by J.S. Paterson. Newton Abbot: David and Charles.
1210:
1 August 1865; closed 9 January 1956; reopened 24 March 1986;
626:
1378:
Biographical Dictionary of Engineers, volume 1: 1500 to 1830
1305:
An Historical Geography of the Railways of the British Isles
1216:; divergence of Uphall and Bangour Asylum Railway 1905–1921;
2858:
613:. All work on the extension was completed by 8 March 2011.
1558:(reprint ed.). Midhurst: Middleton Press. 2011 .
1466:
The Monkland and Kirkintilloch and Associated Railways
1232:; divergence of connection to Monkland Railways route;
1070:
Bathgate remained a manufacturing base, as the former
1556:
Bradshaw's General Steam Navigation and Railway Guide
555:
to motorway standard, public transport links between
586:
between Glasgow and Edinburgh, giving many towns in
536:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1490:
1438:The Railways of Great Britain – A Historical Atlas
1380:. London: Thomas Telford Publishing. p. 264.
2789:Edinburgh Suburban and Southside Junction Railway
1020:In June 1904 the first patients were admitted to
3319:
1468:. Kirkintilloch: Strathkelvin Public Libraries.
882:System map of the Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway
221:
1628:"We've added something new to Central Scotland"
1550:
1548:
1493:The Historical Geography of Scotland Since 1707
2309:
1789:
1775:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1246:
1197:station on the E&GR main line until 1849;
236:
1673:
1545:
1440:. Shepperton: Ian Allan Publishing Limited.
1322:. Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens Limited.
1254:"National Rail Timetable 226; December 2010"
989:
656:
1616:. The Railway and Canal Historical Society.
1401:
1399:
1397:
1278:"News - Airdrie Bathgate Rail Link project"
1087:following the original E&BR main line.
1081:
951:
2323:
2316:
2302:
2217:Edinburgh to Glasgow Improvement Programme
1782:
1768:
1659:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1583:
1572:
1320:Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies
1206:Houston; opened 12 November 1849; renamed
1015:
243:
229:
1645:British Railways Scottish Region (1960).
1497:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1459:
1457:
1342:
1162:timetable, services has been operated by
1031:The hospital was extensively used during
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1607:
1605:
1531:. Catrine: Stenlake Publishing Limited.
1394:
1375:
1356:
1354:
1336:
1043:
1039:
877:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1488:
1482:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1369:
1360:
1048:The Edinburgh and Bathgate line in 1906
890:Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway Act 1846
668:Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway Act 1846
3320:
1638:
1463:
1454:
1405:
1302:
2784:Edinburgh, Leith and Newhaven Railway
2743:Portobello railway station (E&DR)
2297:
2157:Rural lines and Great Scenic Railways
1763:
1611:
1602:
1376:Skempton, Professor Sir Alec (2002).
1351:
1317:
1296:
1007:
871:Text of statute as originally enacted
793:Text of statute as originally enacted
1529:The North British Railway: A History
1526:
1511:
1435:
1424:
1361:Fordyce, Geo. Dingwall, ed. (1863).
1311:
1131:From the lines reopening in 1986 by
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
3338:Standard gauge railways in Scotland
2830:Scottish Region of British Railways
2283:Waverley Route Heritage Association
2222:Stirling–Alloa–Kincardine rail link
2198:Railway electrification in Scotland
525:and was originally operated by the
306:
13:
2273:Scottish Industrial Railway Centre
1667:
317:
14:
3354:
1676:Scotland Route Sectional Appendix
927:c. cxvi), authorised deviations.
3263:
3216:
3195:
2911:
2857:
2748:Portobello railway station (NBR)
2442:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2337:
1588:. Catrine: Stenlake Publishing.
1122:Livingston North railway station
1061:London and North Eastern Railway
825:Parliament of the United Kingdom
818:
757:Parliament of the United Kingdom
750:
686:Parliament of the United Kingdom
679:
625:was opened from a junction near
537:Extension to Airdrie and Glasgow
479:
466:
452:
439:
425:
412:
390:
368:
343:
316:
305:
277:
23:
2815:Edinburgh & Glasgow Railway
2378:Edinburgh Corporation Transport
1870:Glasgow–Edinburgh (via Falkirk)
1798:Cross-border lines and services
1743:
1730:
1716:
1620:
568:Bathgate and Coatbridge Railway
34:needs additional citations for
2893:Edinburgh Corporation Tramways
2794:Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway
1706:
1693:
1270:
930:The engineer for the work was
623:Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway
582:. This opened up an important
527:Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway
1:
2663:Duddingston & Craigmillar
1586:Lost Railways of the Lothians
1347:. London: W.H. Smith and Son.
1239:
1181:
900:Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway
635:Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway
467:
278:
2253:Caledonian Railway (Brechin)
1815:London North Eastern Railway
1154:Following completion of the
1090:
572:the 1989 Drumgelloch station
7:
2248:Bo'ness and Kinneil Railway
1584:Stansfield, Gordon (2003).
1318:Awdry, Christopher (1990).
1201:Pumpherston branch junction
637:. From the following year,
440:
413:
391:
369:
344:
10:
3359:
2753:Ravelrig Junction Platform
2383:Lothian Regional Transport
2263:Keith and Dufftown Railway
1844:Glasgow South Western Line
1343:Slaughter, Mihill (1849).
1156:Airdrie–Bathgate rail link
1074:plant was now operated by
800:United Kingdom legislation
732:United Kingdom legislation
661:United Kingdom legislation
616:
590:better connections to the
566:The closed section of the
543:Airdrie–Bathgate rail link
540:
521:. It is also known as the
3333:Railway lines in Scotland
3297:
3262:
3228:Firth of Forth hovercraft
3215:
3194:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3126:
3025:
2944:
2923:
2909:
2905:
2885:
2869:
2855:
2851:
2802:
2776:
2625:
2618:
2583:
2532:
2461:
2454:
2440:
2436:
2413:
2370:
2349:
2335:
2331:
2240:
2204:
2192:
2156:
2068:
1972:Cumbernauld (and Falkirk)
1903:
1859:
1797:
1791:Railway lines in Scotland
1749:The 1895 "Bradshaw" uses
1113:was slated for closure.)
990:The North British Railway
869:
859:
854:
841:
831:
817:
812:
805:
791:
781:
776:
763:
749:
744:
737:
720:
715:
702:
692:
678:
673:
666:
657:Authorisation and opening
475:
460:
448:
433:
421:
406:
399:
384:
377:
362:
352:
337:
327:
297:
286:
271:
189:
184:
174:
164:
159:
145:
135:
130:
125:
58:"Edinburgh–Bathgate line"
2678:Edinburgh Princes Street
2143:
2132:
2121:
2110:
2099:
2088:
2077:
2069:Edinburgh commuter lines
2055:
2044:
2033:
2022:
2011:
2000:
1989:
1978:
1967:
1956:
1945:
1934:
1923:
1912:
1686:
1139:, then from 1987 mainly
1102:Lothian Regional Council
1082:Mid-century developments
1022:Bangour Village Hospital
952:Developments at Bathgate
16:Railway line in Scotland
3302:Transport for Edinburgh
3285:National Cycle Route 76
3280:National Cycle Route 75
2398:Scottish Motor Traction
1489:Turnock, David (1982).
1436:Cobb, Col M.H. (2003).
1214:Bangour Branch Junction
1016:Bangour Private Railway
563:must also be improved.
511:Edinburgh–Bathgate line
126:Edinburgh–Bathgate line
3328:Transport in Edinburgh
3275:National Cycle Route 1
3244:Scott Russell Aqueduct
3144:Leamington Lift Bridge
2362:McGill's Scotland East
2325:Transport in Edinburgh
2005:Motherwell–Cumbernauld
1904:Glasgow commuter lines
1118:Uphall railway station
1049:
981:Coatbridge and Glasgow
883:
3307:Transport in Scotland
3164:Victoria Swing Bridge
3073:Great Junction Street
3017:Edinburgh City Bypass
2820:North British Railway
2673:Easter Road Park Halt
2268:Royal Deeside Railway
2258:Fife Heritage Railway
2174:Glasgow South Western
1674:Network Rail (2013).
1406:Thomas, John (1984).
1303:Carter, E.F. (1959).
1047:
1040:The twentieth century
881:
517:line in East Central
3154:Queensferry Crossing
2232:Levenmouth rail link
1837:TransPennine Express
1822:West Coast Main Line
1805:East Coast Main Line
1612:Quick, M.E. (2002).
1527:Ross, David (2014).
1464:Martin, Don (1995).
1345:Railway intelligence
43:improve this article
3239:Bonnington Aqueduct
3038:Constitution Street
2393:First Scotland East
1634:on 11 January 2011.
1176:Helensburgh Central
915:c. ccxlvi) and the
603:Helensburgh Central
601:with services from
584:fourth railway link
3249:Slateford Aqueduct
2957:European route E15
2810:Caledonian Railway
2713:Meadowbank Stadium
2591:Caledonian Sleeper
2550:Edinburgh–Dunblane
2545:Edinburgh–Aberdeen
2494:Edinburgh Waverley
2403:Scottish Omnibuses
2278:Strathspey Railway
2205:Completed projects
1895:Aberdeen–Inverness
1832:Caledonian Sleeper
1699:Awdry says on the
1307:. London: Cassell.
1172:Edinburgh Waverley
1143:and then (2008–9)
1107:industrial decline
1050:
1008:Passenger services
977:Ballochney Railway
884:
549:Scottish Executive
477:Edinburgh Waverley
3315:
3314:
3293:
3292:
3207:Edinburgh Airport
3177:
3176:
3139:Forth Road Bridge
2901:
2900:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2614:
2613:
2484:Edinburgh Gateway
2411:
2410:
2291:
2290:
2241:Heritage railways
1827:Avanti West Coast
1701:Slamannan Railway
1565:978-1-908174-11-6
1538:978-1-84033-647-4
1230:Bathgate Junction
1188:Bathgate Junction
1065:Railways Act 1921
973:Slamannan Railway
969:Monkland Railways
925:11 & 12 Vict.
913:10 & 11 Vict.
876:
875:
848:11 & 12 Vict.
813:Act of Parliament
798:
797:
770:10 & 11 Vict.
745:Act of Parliament
730:
729:
674:Act of Parliament
507:
506:
503:
502:
220:
219:
119:
118:
111:
93:
3350:
3267:
3220:
3199:
3183:
3182:
3063:George IV Bridge
2915:
2907:
2906:
2861:
2853:
2852:
2723:Morningside Road
2623:
2622:
2596:Craigentinny TMD
2459:
2458:
2446:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2388:Eastern Scottish
2341:
2333:
2332:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2295:
2294:
2212:Airdrie–Bathgate
2193:Current projects
2179:Kyle of Lochalsh
2146:
2144:
2135:
2133:
2124:
2122:
2113:
2111:
2102:
2100:
2091:
2089:
2080:
2078:
2058:
2056:
2047:
2045:
2036:
2034:
2025:
2023:
2014:
2012:
2003:
2001:
1992:
1990:
1981:
1979:
1970:
1968:
1961:Croy (and Alloa)
1959:
1957:
1948:
1946:
1937:
1935:
1926:
1924:
1915:
1913:
1875:Edinburgh–Dundee
1784:
1777:
1770:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1747:
1741:
1734:
1728:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1697:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1650:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1630:. Archived from
1624:
1618:
1617:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1581:
1570:
1569:
1552:
1543:
1542:
1524:
1509:
1508:
1496:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1433:
1422:
1421:
1403:
1392:
1391:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1280:. Archived from
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1250:
1224:Livingston North
1178:was introduced.
1160:North Clyde Line
921:
920:
909:
908:
896:9 & 10 Vict.
892:
891:
822:
821:
808:
803:
802:
754:
753:
740:
735:
734:
709:9 & 10 Vict.
683:
682:
669:
664:
663:
599:North Clyde Line
576:North Clyde Line
483:
470:
469:
456:
443:
442:
429:
416:
415:
394:
393:
379:Livingston North
372:
371:
347:
346:
320:
319:
309:
308:
290:North Clyde Line
281:
280:
269:
268:
245:
238:
231:
222:
215:
211:
209:
208:
204:
201:
123:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3289:
3258:
3234:Almond Aqueduct
3211:
3190:
3173:
3169:Waverley Bridge
3122:
3048:Drummond Street
3033:Chambers Street
3021:
2940:
2919:
2897:
2881:
2877:Edinburgh Trams
2865:
2839:
2798:
2772:
2758:Scotland Street
2610:
2579:
2540:Borders Railway
2528:
2450:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2407:
2366:
2345:
2327:
2322:
2292:
2287:
2236:
2227:Borders Railway
2200:
2188:
2164:Borders Railway
2152:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2130:
2120:
2119:
2109:
2108:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2086:
2076:
2075:
2064:
2054:
2053:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2031:
2021:
2020:
2010:
2009:
1999:
1998:
1988:
1987:
1977:
1976:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1954:
1950:Cathcart Circle
1944:
1943:
1933:
1932:
1922:
1921:
1911:
1910:
1899:
1885:Dundee–Aberdeen
1863:intercity lines
1855:
1793:
1788:
1758:
1757:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1731:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1707:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1672:
1668:
1652:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1582:
1573:
1566:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1525:
1512:
1505:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1434:
1425:
1418:
1404:
1395:
1388:
1374:
1370:
1359:
1352:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1316:
1312:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1284:on 18 July 2011
1276:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1184:
1111:British Leyland
1093:
1084:
1042:
1018:
1010:
992:
983:was available.
954:
932:Thomas Grainger
918:
917:
906:
905:
889:
888:
827:
819:
806:
801:
759:
751:
738:
733:
688:
680:
667:
662:
659:
619:
592:Greater Glasgow
545:
539:
523:Bathgate branch
471:
444:
417:
395:
373:
358:
348:
333:
323:
322:
321:
312:
311:
310:
293:
282:
263:
254:
253:
249:
213:
206:
202:
199:
197:
196:4 ft
195:
152:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3356:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3224:
3222:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3192:
3191:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3098:Regent Terrace
3095:
3093:Princes Street
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2648:Blackford Hill
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2489:Edinburgh Park
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2434:
2433:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2298:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2139:
2128:
2117:
2106:
2095:
2084:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2051:
2040:
2029:
2018:
2007:
1996:
1985:
1974:
1963:
1952:
1941:
1930:
1928:Ayrshire Coast
1919:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1880:Glasgow–Dundee
1877:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1742:
1729:
1715:
1705:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1666:
1637:
1619:
1601:
1594:
1571:
1564:
1544:
1537:
1510:
1503:
1481:
1474:
1453:
1446:
1423:
1416:
1393:
1386:
1368:
1350:
1335:
1328:
1310:
1295:
1269:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1183:
1180:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1076:Leyland Motors
1063:following the
1041:
1038:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1006:
991:
988:
953:
950:
874:
873:
867:
866:
865:14 August 1848
863:
857:
856:
852:
851:
845:
839:
838:
835:
829:
828:
823:
815:
814:
810:
809:
799:
796:
795:
789:
788:
785:
779:
778:
774:
773:
767:
761:
760:
755:
747:
746:
742:
741:
731:
728:
727:
724:
718:
717:
713:
712:
706:
700:
699:
696:
690:
689:
684:
676:
675:
671:
670:
660:
658:
655:
618:
615:
541:Main article:
538:
535:
505:
504:
501:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
485:
484:
474:
472:
465:
463:
461:
458:
457:
447:
445:
438:
436:
434:
431:
430:
423:Edinburgh Park
420:
418:
411:
409:
407:
404:
403:
398:
396:
389:
387:
385:
382:
381:
376:
374:
367:
365:
363:
360:
359:
356:
351:
349:
342:
340:
338:
335:
334:
331:
326:
324:
315:
314:
313:
304:
303:
302:
300:
298:
295:
294:
287:
285:
283:
276:
274:
272:
265:
264:
259:
256:
255:
251:
250:
248:
247:
240:
233:
225:
218:
217:
193:
187:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
157:
156:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
128:
127:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3355:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3159:Regent Bridge
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3088:The Pleasance
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3068:George Street
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2850:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2703:Leith Citadel
2701:
2699:
2698:Leith Central
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:Craiglockhart
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:Balgreen Halt
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:Haymarket TMD
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2565:North Berwick
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2524:Wester Hailes
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2435:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2357:Lothian Buses
2355:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2184:West Highland
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2129:
2127:
2126:North Berwick
2118:
2116:
2107:
2105:
2096:
2094:
2085:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2052:
2050:
2049:South Western
2041:
2039:
2030:
2028:
2027:Paisley Canal
2019:
2017:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1995:
1986:
1984:
1975:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1931:
1929:
1920:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1752:
1746:
1738:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1709:
1702:
1696:
1692:
1677:
1670:
1662:
1656:
1648:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1615:
1608:
1606:
1597:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1506:
1504:0-521-24453-6
1500:
1495:
1494:
1485:
1477:
1475:0-904966-41-0
1471:
1467:
1460:
1458:
1449:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1417:0-946537-12-7
1413:
1409:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1387:0-7277-2939-X
1383:
1379:
1372:
1364:
1357:
1355:
1346:
1339:
1331:
1329:1-85260-049-7
1325:
1321:
1314:
1306:
1299:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1255:
1249:
1245:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1088:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1072:Albion Motors
1068:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1046:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1013:
1005:
1002:
999:
995:
987:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
965:
963:
959:
949:
946:
944:
943:shell company
939:
935:
933:
928:
926:
922:
914:
910:
901:
897:
893:
880:
872:
868:
864:
862:
858:
853:
849:
846:
844:
840:
836:
834:
830:
826:
816:
811:
804:
794:
790:
786:
784:
780:
775:
771:
768:
766:
762:
758:
748:
743:
736:
726:3 August 1846
725:
723:
719:
714:
710:
707:
705:
701:
697:
695:
691:
687:
677:
672:
665:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
594:conurbation.
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
547:In 2005, the
544:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
487:
486:
482:
478:
473:
464:
462:
459:
455:
451:
446:
437:
435:
432:
428:
424:
419:
410:
408:
405:
402:
397:
388:
386:
383:
380:
375:
366:
364:
361:
355:
350:
341:
339:
336:
330:
325:
301:
299:
296:
292:
291:
284:
275:
273:
270:
267:
266:
262:
258:
257:
252:Bathgate Line
246:
241:
239:
234:
232:
227:
226:
224:
223:
214:1,435 mm
194:
192:
188:
183:
180:
177:
173:
170:
169:National Rail
167:
163:
158:
155:
151:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
129:
124:
121:
113:
110:
102:
99:December 2009
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3187:
3149:North Bridge
3113:South Bridge
2916:
2862:
2653:Corstorphine
2560:Forth Bridge
2509:Newcraighall
2447:
2342:
1810:CrossCountry
1750:
1745:
1732:
1724:
1718:
1708:
1695:
1675:
1669:
1646:
1640:
1632:the original
1622:
1613:
1595:1-84033-2700
1585:
1555:
1528:
1492:
1484:
1465:
1447:07110-3003-0
1437:
1407:
1377:
1371:
1362:
1344:
1338:
1319:
1313:
1304:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1282:the original
1272:
1260:. Retrieved
1248:
1229:
1223:
1213:
1207:
1200:
1194:
1187:
1153:
1133:British Rail
1130:
1126:
1115:
1098:British Rail
1094:
1085:
1069:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1011:
1003:
1000:
996:
993:
985:
966:
955:
947:
940:
936:
929:
916:
904:
887:
885:
861:Royal assent
787:22 July 1847
783:Royal assent
722:Royal assent
622:
620:
596:
588:West Lothian
565:
546:
526:
522:
510:
508:
288:
140:Network Rail
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3254:Union Canal
3134:Dean Bridge
3103:Rose Street
3053:Easter Road
2768:St Leonards
2763:South Leith
2688:Hailes Halt
2683:Gorgie East
2668:Easter Road
2570:North Clyde
2555:Fife Circle
2137:North Clyde
2115:Fife Circle
2016:North Clyde
1751:Livingstone
1262:17 November
1033:World War I
958:James Young
711:c. cccxxxii
580:Drumgelloch
191:Track gauge
175:Operator(s)
3322:Categories
3230:(proposed)
3108:Royal Mile
3078:Leith Walk
3058:Ferry Road
3007:B800/A8000
2803:Operations
2718:Merchiston
2708:Leith Walk
2584:Operations
2519:South Gyle
2504:Kingsknowe
2474:Curriehill
1983:Inverclyde
1737:Livingston
1649:. Glasgow.
1240:References
1182:Topography
1149:Class 170s
1141:Class 150s
1137:Class 101s
833:Long title
694:Long title
69:newspapers
3118:West Port
3083:The Mound
2924:Motorways
2733:Piershill
2728:Newington
2633:Abbeyhill
2514:Slateford
2499:Haymarket
2469:Brunstane
2169:Far North
2093:Carstairs
1939:Carstairs
1655:cite book
1168:Class 380
1164:Class 334
1145:Class 158
1091:Reopening
962:torbanite
772:c. ccxlvi
643:Edinburgh
639:shale oil
607:Milngavie
561:Edinburgh
450:Haymarket
185:Technical
150:Edinburgh
3343:Bathgate
2835:ScotRail
2738:Pinkhill
2626:Stations
2606:ScotRail
2462:Stations
2104:Dunblane
2060:Whifflet
1994:Maryhill
1890:Highland
1861:ScotRail
1849:ScotRail
1288:18 March
1195:Broxburn
843:Citation
765:Citation
704:Citation
631:Bathgate
570:between
531:ScotRail
519:Scotland
354:Bathgate
329:Bathgate
210: in
179:ScotRail
154:Scotland
131:Overview
3268:Cycling
3127:Bridges
3043:Cowgate
3026:Streets
2945:A roads
2870:Present
2638:Balerno
2479:Dalmeny
2455:Present
2350:Present
2082:Borders
1725:Company
850:c. cxvi
651:Airdrie
647:Glasgow
617:History
611:Airdrie
557:Glasgow
515:railway
205:⁄
160:Service
83:scholar
2575:Shotts
2148:Shotts
2145:
2134:
2123:
2112:
2101:
2090:
2079:
2057:
2046:
2038:Shotts
2035:
2024:
2013:
2002:
1991:
1980:
1969:
1958:
1947:
1936:
1925:
1917:Argyle
1914:
1592:
1562:
1535:
1501:
1472:
1444:
1414:
1384:
1326:
1208:Uphall
401:Uphall
357:(2010)
332:(1986)
261:Legend
165:System
146:Locale
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3221:Water
3188:Other
2917:Roads
2777:Lines
2693:Joppa
2533:Lines
1740:1984.
1687:Notes
1257:(PDF)
941:As a
855:Dates
777:Dates
716:Dates
627:Ratho
513:is a
136:Owner
90:JSTOR
76:books
2992:A702
2987:A701
2982:A700
2972:A772
2886:Past
2863:Tram
2825:LNER
2619:Past
2448:Rail
2371:Past
1661:link
1590:ISBN
1560:ISBN
1533:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1324:ISBN
1290:2011
1264:2010
1174:and
1120:and
967:The
649:via
621:The
609:via
605:and
559:and
509:The
62:news
3200:Air
3012:A90
3002:A89
2977:A71
2962:A68
2343:Bus
1151:.)
1147:or
645:to
629:to
578:at
45:by
3324::
2997:A8
2967:A7
2952:A1
2936:M9
2931:M8
1657:}}
1653:{{
1604:^
1574:^
1547:^
1513:^
1456:^
1426:^
1396:^
1353:^
1100:.
934:.
553:A8
533:.
2317:e
2310:t
2303:v
1783:e
1776:t
1769:v
1678:.
1663:)
1598:.
1568:.
1541:.
1507:.
1478:.
1450:.
1420:.
1390:.
1332:.
1292:.
1266:.
923:(
911:(
894:(
244:e
237:t
230:v
216:)
212:(
207:2
203:1
200:+
198:8
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
