449:
40:
409:. The Bengal Army, Madras Army, and Bombay Army were quite distinct, each with its own Regiments and cadre of European officers. All three armies contained European regiments in which both the officers and men were Europeans, as well as a larger number of 'Native' regiments, in which the officers were Europeans and the other ranks were Indians. They included Artillery, Cavalry and Infantry regiments, so historical sources refer to the Bengal/Madras/Bombay Artillery/Cavalry/Infantry (the latter often termed "Native Infantry" or "N.I."). From the mid-eighteenth century onwards, the Crown began to dispatch regiments of the regular
272:
437:" (British soldiers), and commanded by a nucleus of British officers. The Madras Presidency followed suit with six battalions in 1759, followed by the Bombay Presidency in 1767. Recruitment in all cases was done locally, with battalions each drawn from single castes, and from specific communities, villages, and families. Regular cavalry regiments were raised in 1784, of which only three survived the
460:. The number of British officers went up to 22 per battalion, which diminished the importance of native officers. Control by Regimental commanders was excessive and exasperating to the battalions, and the system was reverted in 1824. Thereafter, units were formed into single battalion regiments, which were numbered per their seniority of raising.
491:
In 1895, the separate
Presidency Armies were at last abolished and a fully unified Indian Army came into being. As before, its British officers were not members of the British Army, though as young subalterns they did serve for a year with a British Army regiment as part of their training before
476:, its European regiments were amalgamated in 1860 with the British Army, but its 'Native' regiments were not. The three separate Presidency Armies therefore continued to exist, and their European officers continued to be listed as members of the Bengal, Madras or Bombay Army rather than the
326:. Initially, only Europeans served as commissioned or non-commissioned officers. In time, Indian Army units were garrisoned from Peshawar in the north, to Sind in the west, and to Rangoon in the east. The army was engaged in the wars to extend British control in India (the
377:
The origin of the
British Indian Army and subsequently the army of independent India lies in the origins of the Presidency Armies which preceded them. The first purely Indian troops employed by the British were watchmen employed in each of the Presidencies of the
416:
By 1824, the size of the combined armies of Bengal, Madras, and Bombay was about 200,000 and had at least 170 sepoy and 16 European regiments. In 1844 the combined average strength of the three armies was 235,446 native and 14,584 European.
805:
In the "silladar" system, the soldier provided his own horse, weapons, and military attire as prescribed, for which he received in exchange from the state a lump sum grant and maintenance grants from time to
445:" employed by rulers of Indian states. Irregular cavalry regiments had very few British officers. In addition, native artillery and pioneers (referred to later as Sappers and Miners) were also raised.
935:
955:
456:
Between 1796 and 1804, a regimental system on a two battalion basis was introduced. The battalions were only theoretically linked together and shared no
232:
488:
system. Another change resulting from the Indian
Rebellion of 1857 was that henceforward artillery was confined to the British Army.
237:
217:
17:
755:
413:
to India, to reinforce the
Company's armies. These troops are often referred to as "H.M.'s Regiments" or "Royal regiments".
365:, when the Crown took over the Company and its three armies. In 1895, the three presidency armies were merged into a united
950:
940:
825:
331:
242:
149:
393:
From the mid-eighteenth century, the East India
Company began to maintain armies at each of its three main stations, or
945:
591:
433:
battalions for the Bengal
Presidency. These would be Indian soldiers, armed, dressed, and trained the same as the "
257:
247:
771:
Sykes, W. H. (May 1847). "Vital
Statistics of the East India Company's Armies in India, European and Native".
913:
426:
394:
287:
252:
222:
654:
481:
448:
434:
818:
Swords
Trembling in Their Scabbards. The Changing Status of Indian Officers in the Indian Army 1757–1947
379:
901:
Roy, Kaushik. "The hybrid military establishment of the East India
Company in South Asia: 1750–1849",
908:
Roy, Kaushik. "Military
Synthesis in South Asia: Armies, Warfare, and Indian Society, c. 1740–1849",
383:
568:
543:
469:
438:
362:
189:
960:
603:
574:
562:
549:
537:
524:
512:
355:
39:
597:
518:
506:
169:
875:
The Military in British India: The Development of British Land Forces in South Asia, 1600–1947
701:
641:
335:
295:
179:
635:
361:
The presidency armies, like the presidencies themselves, belonged to the Company until the
227:
174:
8:
366:
854:
Bryant, G. J. "Asymmetric Warfare: The British Experience in Eighteenth-Century India",
889:
Fidelity & Honour: The Indian Army from the Seventeenth to the Twenty-First Century
864:
Gilbert, Arthur N. "Recruitment and Reform in the East India Company Army, 1760–1800",
788:
473:
339:
291:
164:
159:
68:
821:
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685:
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387:
327:
212:
184:
144:
129:
780:
622:
442:
351:
343:
743:
616:
452:
An officer of Col Gardiner's irregular Cavalry, composed of Hindustani Mussalmans
347:
134:
587:
154:
929:
920:
From Hydaspes to Kargil: A History of Warfare in India from 326 BC to AD 1999
139:
484:. Following the Rebellion recruitment of 'Native' Regiments switched to the
485:
480:. However, the Presidency Armies began to be described collectively as the
477:
410:
382:
to protect their trading stations. These were all placed in 1748 under one
689:
680:
671:
323:
319:
315:
307:
91:
86:
81:
58:
472:
and the consequent takeover of power by the British government from the
859:
849:
792:
867:
303:
104:
784:
882:
Britain's Army in India: From its Origins to the Conquest of Bengal
398:
896:
Red Coats to Olive Green: A History of the Indian Army, 1600–1947
492:
taking up permanent commissions with their Indian Army regiment.
275:
750:(8th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 223.
495:
406:
402:
314:. The presidency armies were named after the presidencies: the
311:
271:
844:
Barua, Pradeep. "Military developments in India, 1750–1850",
430:
299:
390:
who is regarded as the "Father of the Indian Army".
866:Journal of British Studies (1975) 15#1 pp. 89–111
936:Military history of the British East India Company
661:
118:"By command of the King and Parliament of England"
927:
956:Military units and formations of British India
773:Journal of the Statistical Society of London
496:Operational history of the Presidency armies
420:
723:
721:
719:
717:
278:of the 21st Bengal Native Infantry (1819)
884:(London: George Allen & Unwin, 1978)
447:
441:. Irregular cavalry were raised by the "
270:
742:
727:
14:
928:
815:
714:
770:
732:. London: Low, Marston. pp. 1–8.
877:(Manchester University Press, 1995)
24:
838:
25:
972:
592:European influence in Afghanistan
115:Auspicio Regis et Senatus Angliae
27:Armies of the East India Company
38:
728:Jackson, Major Donovan (1940).
662:List of presidencies and armies
556:
531:
310:, composed primarily of Indian
809:
799:
764:
736:
581:
500:
13:
1:
858:(2004) 68#2 pp. 431–469
848:, (Oct 1994) 58#4 pp 599–616
707:
610:
463:
395:Presidencies of British India
286:were the armies of the three
905:, (July 2011) 6#2 00 195–218
648:
629:
7:
910:Journal of Military History
856:Journal of Military History
846:Journal of Military History
695:
302:, later the forces of the
10:
977:
951:History of the Indian Army
941:British East India Company
912:, (2005) 69#3 pp 651–690,
585:
380:British East India Company
946:Military of British India
903:Journal of Global History
891:(New Delhi: Viking, 1993)
429:came up with the idea of
372:
203:
198:
122:
110:
100:
74:
64:
54:
46:
37:
32:
816:Creese, Michael (2015).
569:Second Anglo-Burmese War
544:Second Anglo-Maratha War
470:Indian Rebellion of 1857
439:Indian Rebellion of 1857
363:Indian Rebellion of 1857
190:Indian Rebellion of 1857
655:Expedition to Abyssinia
604:Second Anglo-Afghan War
575:Third Anglo-Burmese War
563:First Anglo-Burmese War
550:Third Anglo-Maratha War
538:First Anglo-Maratha War
525:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
513:Second Anglo-Mysore War
421:Regimental organisation
356:Expedition to Abyssinia
18:East India Company Army
898:(Bombay: Allied, 1974)
748:A New History of India
598:First Anglo-Afghan War
519:Third Anglo-Mysore War
507:First Anglo-Mysore War
453:
279:
170:First Anglo-Afghan War
702:Company rule in India
642:Second Anglo-Sikh War
451:
274:
180:Second Anglo-Sikh War
636:First Anglo-Sikh War
175:First Anglo-Sikh War
880:Lawford, James P.
474:East India Company
454:
384:Commander-in-Chief
338:) and beyond (the
292:East India Company
280:
243:Archibald Campbell
233:Charles Cornwallis
165:Anglo-Burmese wars
160:Anglo-Nepalese War
150:Anglo-Maratha Wars
69:East India Company
873:Heathcote, T. A.
757:978-0-19-533756-3
686:Madras Presidency
677:Bombay Presidency
668:Bengal Presidency
388:Stringer Lawrence
352:Second Opium Wars
284:presidency armies
266:
265:
213:Stringer Lawrence
185:Anglo-Persian War
145:Anglo-Mysore Wars
130:Battle of Plassey
33:Presidency armies
16:(Redirected from
968:
832:
831:
813:
807:
803:
797:
796:
768:
762:
761:
744:Wolpert, Stanley
740:
734:
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623:Second Opium War
386:, Major-General
238:Arthur Wellesley
42:
30:
29:
21:
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975:
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969:
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966:
965:
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887:Menezes, S. L.
841:
839:Further reading
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617:First Opium War
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458:esprit de corps
443:silladar system
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135:Battle of Buxar
117:
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28:
23:
22:
15:
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11:
5:
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961:Private armies
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918:Roy, Kaushik.
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820:. p. 28.
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588:The Great Game
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468:Following the
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894:Longer, V.
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855:
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776:
772:
766:
747:
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730:India's Army
729:
557:Burmese wars
532:Maratha wars
490:
486:Martial Race
478:British Army
467:
457:
455:
427:Robert Clive
424:
415:
411:British Army
392:
376:
360:
288:presidencies
283:
281:
253:James Outram
223:Robert Clive
114:
101:Headquarters
690:Madras Army
681:Bombay Army
672:Bengal Army
582:Afghan wars
501:Mysore wars
482:Indian Army
367:Indian Army
324:Bombay Army
320:Madras Army
316:Bengal Army
248:Gerard Lake
123:Engagements
92:Madras Army
87:Bengal Army
82:Bombay Army
930:Categories
779:(2): 120.
708:References
611:Opium wars
586:See also:
464:After 1857
401:(Bengal),
354:, and the
258:Hugh Gough
218:Eyre Coote
206:commanders
199:Commanders
65:Allegiance
657:(1867–68)
649:Abyssinia
644:(1848–49)
638:(1845–46)
630:Sikh wars
625:(1856–60)
619:(1839–43)
606:(1878–81)
600:(1839–42)
577:(1885–86)
571:(1852–53)
565:(1823–26)
552:(1817–18)
546:(1803–05)
540:(1775–82)
521:(1789–92)
515:(1780–84)
509:(1766–69)
435:red coats
425:In 1757,
336:Sikh wars
105:GHQ India
50:1774–1895
868:in JSTOR
860:in JSTOR
850:in JSTOR
746:(2009).
696:See also
399:Calcutta
322:and the
111:Motto(s)
793:2337686
332:Maratha
290:of the
276:Subedar
204:Notable
55:Country
922:(2004)
914:online
824:
791:
754:
688:, the
679:, the
670:, the
527:(1799)
407:Bombay
403:Madras
373:Origin
344:Afghan
328:Mysore
318:, the
312:sepoys
75:Branch
47:Active
806:time.
789:JSTOR
431:sepoy
397:, at
348:First
340:Burma
308:India
300:India
59:India
822:ISBN
752:ISBN
590:and
405:and
350:and
334:and
296:rule
282:The
781:doi
358:).
306:in
298:in
294:'s
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787:.
777:10
775:.
716:^
369:.
346:,
342:,
330:,
830:.
795:.
783::
760:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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