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Chinese visitors and residents. Most of them were engaged in seasonal fishing, hunting, and trading. The population fluctuated throughout the year peaking during winter. A small minority brought
Chinese plants with them and grew crops such as apples, oranges, bananas, watermelons. Some estimates of the Chinese population put it at 2,000. There were two Chinese villages. The larger one was located on an island that formed the Bay of Tayouan. It was inhabited year-round. The smaller village was located on the mainland and would eventually become the city of Tainan. In the early 17th century, a Chinese man described it as being inhabited by pirates and fishermen. One Dutch visitor noted that an aboriginal village near the Sino-Japanese trade center had a large number of Chinese and there was "scarcely a house in this village . . . that does not have one or two or three, or even five or six Chinese living there." The villagers' speech contained many Chinese words and sounded like "a mixed and broken language."
200:. According to Wang, Liuqiu was a vast land of huge trees and mountains named Cuilu, Zhongman, Futou, and Dazhi. A mountain could be seen from Penghu. He climbed the mountain and could see the coasts. Wang described a rich land with fertile fields that was hotter than Penghu. Its people had different customs from Penghu. They did not have boats and oars but only rafts. The men and women bound their hair and wore colored garments. They obtained salt from boiled sea water and liquor from fermented sugarcane juice. There were barbarian lords and chiefs that were respected by the people and they had a bone-and-flesh relationship between father and son. They practiced cannibalism against their enemies. The land's products included gold, beans, millet, sulphur, beeswax, deer hide, leopards, and moose. They accepted pearls, agates, gold, beads, dishware, and pottery as items of trade.
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onions, ginger, sweet potatoes, and taro. For fruits they had coconuts, persimmons, citron and sugarcane. Rice grains were longer and tastier than the grains Chen was accustomed to. They gathered herbs and mixed them with fermented rice to make liquor. During banquets they drank the liquor by pouring it into a bamboo tube. No food was served during these occasions. They danced and sang songs to music. For domesticated animals they had cats, dogs, pigs, and chicken, but not horses, donkeys, cattle, sheep, geese, or deer. There were wild tigers, bears, leopards, and deer. Deer inhabited the mountains and moved in herds of a hundred or a thousand. Men hunted deer using spears made of bamboo shafts and iron points. They also hunted tigers. Deer hunts only occurred in the winter when they came out in herds. They ate deer meat and pig meat but not chicken.
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more than a hundred fishing junks from Fujian each year during winter. The fishing season lasted six to eight weeks. Some of them camped on Taiwan's shores and many began trading with the indigenous people for deer products. The southwestern
Taiwanese trade was of minor importance until after 1567 when it was used as a way to circumvent the ban on Sino-Japanese trade. The Chinese bought deerskins from the aborigines and sold them to the Japanese for a large profit.
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355:. Upon acknowledgement by the girl, the boy stayed the night. When a child was born, she went to the man's home to fetch him back as a son-in-law and he would live with her family supporting them for the rest of their lives. Girls were preferred because of this. Men could remarry upon their wives' death but not women. Corpses were dried and buried beneath their families' houses when they needed to be rebuilt.
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and yellow cloth around their heads. Pisheye had no chief. Its people hid in wild mountains and solitary valleys. They practiced raiding and plundering by boat. Kidnapping and slave trading were common. The historian Efren B. Isorena, through analysis of historical accounts and wind currents in the
Pacific side of East and Southeast Asia, concluded that the Pisheye of Taiwan and the Bisaya of the
269:) in Taiwan on 3 November 1574 and used it as a base to launch raids. They left for Penghu after being attacked by natives and the Ming navy dislodged them from their bases. He later returned to Wankan on 27 December 1575 but left for Southeast Asia after losing a naval encounter with Ming forces on 15 January 1576. The pirate
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carried an
Imperial Edict to the Eastern Barbarians, but the indigenous people of Taiwan remained hidden and would not be coerced. Their families were given brass bells to hang around their necks to symbolize their status as dogs, but they kept the bells and handed them down as treasures. During the
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Initially
Chinese merchants arrived in northern Taiwan and sold iron and textiles to the aboriginal peoples in return for coal, sulfur, gold, and venison. Later the southwestern part of Taiwan surpassed northern Taiwan as the destination for Chinese traders. The southwest had mullet fish, which drew
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covering villages where people lived separately in groups of five hundred to a thousand people. They had no chief but the one with the most children, who was considered a hero and obeyed by the populace. The people liked to fight and run in their free time so that the soles of their feet were very
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According to Wang, Pisheye was located to the east. It had extensive mountains and plains but the people did not engage in much agriculture or produce any products. The weather was hotter than Liuqiu. Its people wore their hair in tufts, tattooed their bodies with black juice, and wrapped red silk
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Their houses were made with thatch and bamboo, which grew tall and thick in abundance. Tribes had a common-house where all the unmarried boys lived. Matters of deliberation were discussed at the common-house. When a boy saw a girl he wished to marry, he sent her a pair of agate beads. If the girl
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The land was warm to the point that people wore no clothes during winter. Women wore plait grass skirts that only covered their lower body. The men cut their hair while the women did not. The men pierced their ears while the women decorated their teeth. Chen considered the women to be sturdy and
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When a
Portuguese ship sailed past southwestern Taiwan in 1596, several of its crew members who had been shipwrecked there in 1582 noticed that the land had become cultivated and now had people working it, presumably by settlers from Fujian. When the Dutch arrived in 1623, they found about 1,500
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They did not have irrigated fields and cleared areas by fire before planting their crop. Once the mountain flowers bloomed they plowed their fields and once the grain ripened they were plucked. Their grains included soya bean, lentil, sesame, pearl-barley, but no wheat. For vegetables they had
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and
Quanzhou learned their languages to trade with them. The Chinese traded things like agate beads, porcelain, cloth, salt, and brass in return for deer meat, skins, and horns. They obtained Chinese clothing that they only put on while dealing with the Chinese and took them off for storage
36:(1368–1644). Pirates and fishermen also started visiting Taiwan. By the early 17th century, there were 1,500–2,000 Han people inhabiting one or two villages in southwestern Taiwan. Most of them were engaged in seasonal fishing and left afterwards but some stayed and planted crops.
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active, working constantly, while the men usually idled. They did not bow or kneel. They had no knowledge of a calendar or writing and understood a full moon cycle as a month with a year being ten months. They eventually forgot the count and lost track of their own age.
332:
According to Chen, the
Eastern Barbarians lived on an island beyond Penghu. They lived in Wanggang, Jialaowan, Dayuan (variation of Taiwan), Yaogang, Dagouyu, Xiao Danshui, Shuangqikou, Jialilin, Shabali, and Dabangkeng. Their land extended several thousand
160:
visited Taiwan in 1349 and noted that the customs of its inhabitants were different from those of Penghu's population, but did not mention the presence of other
Chinese. He described the lifestyles of people living in different regions of Taiwan
208:
in the
Philippines, were closely related people as Visayans were recorded to have travelled to Taiwan from the Philippines via the northward windcurrents before they raided China and returned south after the southwards monsoon during summer.
319:
pirates. General Shen of Wuyu defeated the wokou and met with the chieftain Damila, who presented gifts of deer and liquor as thanks for getting rid of the pirates. Chen witnessed these events and wrote an account of Taiwan known as
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in a day. During quarrels between villages, they sent warriors to kill each other on an agreed upon date, but the conflicts ended without any enmity between them. They practiced headhunting. Thieves were killed at the village altar.
91:
had pigs and chicken but no cows, sheep, donkeys, or horses. It produced little iron, had no writing system, taxation, or penal code, and was ruled by a king with four or five commanders. The natives used stone blades and practiced
225:. The people of Fujian sailed closer to Taiwan and the Ryukyus in the mid-16th century to trade with Japan while evading Ming authorities. Chinese who traded in Southeast Asia also began taking an East Sea Compass Course (
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1560s the wokou attacked the indigenous people of Taiwan with firearms, forcing them into the mountains. Afterwards they came into contact with China. Chinese from the harbors of Huimin, Chonglong, and Lieyu in
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sent soldiers after them, and from that time on Song patrols regularly visited Penghu in the spring and summer. A local official, Wang Dayou, stationed troops there to prevent depredations from the Bisheye.
61:
in the spring of 230. They brought back several thousand natives but 80 to 90 percent of the soldiers died to unknown diseases. Some scholars have identified this island as Taiwan while others do not.
265:
in southwestern Taiwan. He left the next year to ravage the mainland and stayed active in the region until 1578 when he left for Southeast Asia. Lin Feng moved his pirate forces to Wankan (in modern
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Although they lived on an island they did not have boats and feared the sea. They only fished in small streams. They had no contact with any of the non-Chinese peoples outside Taiwan. During the
152:
in 1292 to demand its loyalty to the Yuan dynasty, but the officials ended up in Taiwan and mistook it for Ryukyu. After three soldiers were killed, the delegation immediately retreated to
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officials started issuing ten licenses each year for Chinese junks to trade in northern Taiwan. Chinese records show that after 1593, each year five licenses were granted for trade in
1485:
1551:
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By the early 16th century, increasing numbers of Chinese fishermen, traders and pirates were visiting the southwestern part of the island. Some merchants from
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pirates. The pirates were defeated and they met a native chieftain who presented them with gifts. Chen recorded these events in an account of Taiwan known as
1089:
Wills, John E. Jr. (2007). "The Seventeenth-century Transformation: Taiwan under the Dutch and the Cheng Regime". In Rubinstein, Murray A. (ed.).
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from which the name "Taiwan" is derived. By the late 16th century, Chinese from Fujian were settling in southwestern Taiwan. The Chinese pirates
229:) that passed southwestern and southern Taiwan. Some of them traded with the Taiwanese aborigines. During this period, Taiwan was referred to as
1756:
2758:
2181:
1285:
990:
Hsu, Wen-hsiung (1980). "From Aboriginal Island to Chinese Frontier: The Development of Taiwan before 1683". In Knapp, Ronald G. (ed.).
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100:") referred to the island chain to the northeast of Taiwan, but some scholars believe it may have referred to Taiwan in the Sui period.
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In 1349, Wang Dayuan provided the first written account of a visit to Taiwan. He found no Chinese settlers there but many on
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Liu, Yingsheng (2012), "The Taiwan Strait between the Twelfth and Sixteenth Centuries and the Maritime Route to Luzon",
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agriculture to grow rice, millet, sorghum, and beans. Later the name Liuqiu (whose characters are read in Japanese as "
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Early Chinese histories refer to visits to eastern islands that some historians identify with Taiwan. Troops of the
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thick, able to tread on thorny brushes. They ran as fast as a horse. Chen figured they could cover several hundred
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Conflict and Commerce in Maritime East Asia: The Zheng Family and the Shaping of the Modern World, c. 1620–1720
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and the Han Chinese in prior periods. Trade between Han and Taiwanese indigenous peoples increased during the
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afterwards. Chen saw their way of life, without hat or shoe, going about naked, to be easy and simple.
87:" early in the 7th century. They brought back captives, cloth, and armour. The Liuqiu described by the
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303:(An Account of the Eastern Barbarians) and described the natives of Taiwan and their lifestyle.
285:. However these licenses merely acknowledged already existing illegal trade at these locations.
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237:("the country of Dahui"), a corruption of Tayouan, a tribe that lived on an islet near modern
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Thompson, Lawrence G. (1964). "The earliest eyewitness accounts of the Formosan aborigines".
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28:(1271–1368) and Chinese objects such as pottery were found there, suggesting trade between
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The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History
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679:"Chen Di's Record of Formosa (1603) and an Alternative Chinese Imaginary of Otherness"
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accepted them, the boy went to her house at night and played an instrument called the
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Isorena, Efren B. (2004). "The Visayan Raiders of the China Coast, 1174–1190 Ad".
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by 1171, when "Bisheye" bandits, a Taiwanese people related to the Bisaya of the
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was referred to by the Chinese as "Great Liuqiu" and Taiwan as "Lesser Liuqiu".
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In January–February 1603, Chen Di visited Taiwan on an expedition against the
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China's Conquest of Taiwan in the Seventeenth Century: Victory at Full Moon
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Tanaka Fumio 田中史生 (2008). "Kodai no Amami Okinawa shotō to kokusai shakai"
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Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China's First Great Victory Over the West
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123:, landed on Penghu and plundered fields planted by Chinese migrants. The
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China's Island Frontier: Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan
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were familiar enough with the indigenous peoples of Taiwan to speak
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who was chased out of Fujian in 1563 by Ming naval forces led by
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visited Taiwan in 1563 and 1574 respectively. Lin Daoqian was a
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169:. He mentioned the presence of Chuhou pottery from present day
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Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty: His Life, Times, and Legacy
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http://www.strongwindpress.com/pdfs/HKFax/No_HK2013-41.pdf
923:(Project Gutenberg ed.). Columbia University Press.
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Between Trade and Legitimacy, Maritime and Continent
942:(illustrated ed.), Princeton University Press,
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visited Taiwan in 1603 on an expedition against the
1093:(expanded ed.). M.E. Sharpe. pp. 84–106.
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427:title夷洲问题再辨析 (PDF). . （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2015-09-28）}.
144:people started visiting Taiwan. The Yuan emperor
16:The earliest confirmed descriptions of visits by
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156:in China. Another expedition was sent in 1297.
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1021:Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society
994:. The University of Hawaii. pp. 3–28.
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83:sent three expeditions to a place called "
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324:(An Account of the Eastern Barbarians).
192:Wang called different regions of Taiwan
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546:"A factual review of Taiwan's history"
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1682:Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity
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273:also used Taiwan as a base. In 1593,
1692:Special non-state-to-state relations
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738:萬曆壬寅臘月初旬，將軍沈有容率師渡海，破賊東番。海波盪定，除夕班師
544:Lai, Fu-shun (October 26, 2015).
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1611:List of administrative divisions
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2759:British Indian Ocean Territory
1074:10.1080/02549948.1964.11731044
982:——— (2015),
960:, Princeton University Press,
956:——— (2016),
938:——— (2011),
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233:("little eastern island") and
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1:
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1204:Timeline of Taiwanese history
1126:Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2012),
455:Kodai chūsei no kyōkai ryōiki
115:fishermen had settled on the
1969:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
1707:Taiwan independence movement
453:. In Ikeda Yoshifumi (ed.).
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30:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
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1864:Water supply and sanitation
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2182:Inventions and discoveries
1687:Political status of Taiwan
1256:Taiwan under Japanese rule
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920:How Taiwan Became Chinese
696:10.1017/S0018246X1900061X
40:Theories of early contact
2508:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1677:One Country on Each Side
1589:Administrative divisions
1108:Wong, Young-tsu (2017),
1042:Journal of Asian History
728:(in Chinese). p. 26
726:National Central Library
677:Jenco, Leigh K. (2020).
457:
450:
213:Ming dynasty (1368–1644)
132:Yuan dynasty (1271–1368)
2769:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1859:Uniform Invoice lottery
1774:State-owned enterprises
1547:Office of the President
108:Song dynasty (960–1279)
2867:Cross-strait relations
1819:Semiconductor industry
1637:Cross-Strait relations
1594:Special municipalities
1246:Taiwan under Qing rule
683:The Historical Journal
281:and five licenses for
148:sent officials to the
1702:Taiwanese nationalism
1221:Early Chinese contact
1091:Taiwan: A New History
65:Sui dynasty (581–618)
2683:United Arab Emirates
1214:archaeological sites
864:, pp. 173, 175.
376:period (1403–1424),
328:Aboriginal lifestyle
45:Eastern Wu (222–280)
24:occurred during the
2710:limited recognition
2352:Tourist attractions
1809:Maritime industries
1742:Automotive industry
1647:Chinese nationalism
1642:Chinese unification
1486:Additional Articles
1251:Republic of Formosa
1241:Kingdom of Tungning
974:Hang, Xing (2010),
900:, pp. 176–177.
888:, pp. 175–176.
852:, pp. 173–174.
840:, pp. 172–173.
772:, pp. 170–171.
611:, pp. 169–170.
575:, pp. 168–169.
488:, pp. 170–171.
2016:Formosan languages
1839:Telecommunications
1672:North–South divide
1616:Metropolitan areas
423:2015-09-28 at the
223:Formosan languages
2862:History of Taiwan
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2752:other territories
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1580:Regions of Taiwan
1564:Political parties
1552:Secretary-General
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1356:Protected species
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1266:Retreat to Taiwan
1261:Republic of China
1226:Kingdom of Middag
1137:978-0-7914-8268-1
1119:978-981-10-2248-7
1100:978-0-7656-1495-7
1011:978-0-8248-8004-0
967:978-0-691-13597-7
949:978-0-691-14455-9
930:978-0-231-12855-1
635:, pp. 33–34.
460:. pp. 49–70.
368:Foreign relations
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773:
767:
758:
752:
741:
740:
735:
733:
718:
709:
708:
698:
674:
665:
659:
648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
623:, pp. 9–10.
618:
612:
606:
600:
594:
588:
582:
576:
570:
561:
560:
558:
556:
541:
535:
529:
516:
510:
501:
495:
489:
483:
477:
471:
462:
461:
446:
440:
434:
428:
415:
409:
403:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2818:
2816:
2811:
2783:
2751:
2742:
2723:Northern Cyprus
2709:
2702:
2444:
2442:History of Asia
2439:
2409:
2404:
2356:
2221:
2192:Public holidays
2165:Sex trafficking
2160:Organized crime
2134:
2002:
1943:
1900:
1899:
1868:
1787:
1711:
1662:De-Sinicization
1620:
1582:
1573:
1520:Law enforcement
1452:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1405:
1352:Endemic species
1315:
1314:
1292:
1286:Mandarin policy
1236:Spanish Formosa
1195:
1182:
1173:
1138:
1120:
1101:
1012:
968:
950:
931:
910:
905:
904:
896:
892:
884:
880:
872:
868:
860:
856:
848:
844:
836:
832:
824:
815:
807:
800:
792:
788:
780:
776:
768:
761:
753:
744:
731:
729:
720:
719:
712:
675:
668:
660:
651:
643:
639:
631:
627:
619:
615:
607:
603:
595:
591:
587:, pp. 7–8.
583:
579:
571:
564:
554:
552:
542:
538:
530:
519:
511:
504:
496:
492:
484:
480:
472:
465:
459:
452:
451:古代の奄美・沖縄諸島と国際社会
447:
443:
435:
431:
425:Wayback Machine
416:
412:
404:
397:
392:
370:
361:
330:
313:
227:dongyang zhenlu
215:
206:Visayas islands
183:
134:
110:
67:
47:
42:
12:
11:
5:
2880:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2849:
2848:
2836:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2799:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2415:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2390:
2378:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2337:
2335:Taiwanese wave
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2275:Glove puppetry
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2207:Taiwan studies
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2012:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1854:Transportation
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1829:Taiwan Miracle
1826:
1824:Stock exchange
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1721:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1652:Chinese Taipei
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1557:Vice President
1554:
1549:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1455:
1453:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1381:National parks
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1184:
1183:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1136:
1130:, SUNY Press,
1123:
1118:
1105:
1099:
1086:
1057:
1048:(2): 167–180,
1037:
1016:
1010:
987:
979:
971:
966:
953:
948:
935:
929:
915:Andrade, Tonio
909:
906:
903:
902:
890:
878:
876:, p. 173.
866:
854:
842:
830:
828:, p. 175.
813:
811:, p. 172.
798:
796:, p. 116.
786:
774:
759:
757:, p. 178.
742:
710:
666:
649:
637:
625:
613:
601:
589:
577:
562:
536:
517:
502:
490:
478:
463:
441:
439:, p. 201.
429:
410:
394:
393:
391:
388:
369:
366:
360:
357:
329:
326:
312:
309:
214:
211:
182:
179:
150:Ryukyu Kingdom
133:
130:
117:Penghu Islands
109:
106:
102:Okinawa Island
94:slash-and-burn
66:
63:
51:Three Kingdoms
46:
43:
41:
38:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2879:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2733:South Ossetia
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2401:
2400:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2300:Night markets
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:Sign Language
2123:
2119:
2118:Matsu dialect
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1974:Ethnic groups
1972:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1752:List of banks
1750:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1476:Civil defense
1474:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1342:Deforestation
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1271:Guanbi policy
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:Dutch Formosa
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1002:
997:
993:
988:
985:
980:
977:
972:
969:
963:
959:
954:
951:
945:
941:
936:
932:
926:
922:
921:
916:
912:
911:
899:
898:Thompson 1964
894:
887:
886:Thompson 1964
882:
875:
874:Thompson 1964
870:
863:
862:Thompson 1964
858:
851:
850:Thompson 1964
846:
839:
838:Thompson 1964
834:
827:
826:Thompson 1964
822:
820:
818:
810:
809:Thompson 1964
805:
803:
795:
790:
784:, p. 10.
783:
778:
771:
770:Thompson 1964
766:
764:
756:
755:Thompson 1964
751:
749:
747:
739:
727:
723:
717:
715:
706:
702:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
673:
671:
663:
658:
656:
654:
646:
641:
634:
629:
622:
617:
610:
609:Thompson 1964
605:
599:, p. 82.
598:
593:
586:
581:
574:
573:Thompson 1964
569:
567:
551:
547:
540:
533:
528:
526:
524:
522:
515:, p. 86.
514:
509:
507:
499:
494:
487:
482:
475:
470:
468:
456:
445:
438:
433:
426:
422:
419:
414:
407:
402:
400:
395:
387:
384:
379:
375:
365:
356:
354:
348:
344:
341:
336:
325:
323:
318:
308:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:Chiayi County
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
210:
207:
201:
199:
195:
190:
188:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:(1271–1368),
139:
129:
126:
122:
118:
114:
105:
103:
99:
95:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:relates that
74:
73:
62:
60:
56:
52:
37:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
2748:Dependencies
2678:Turkmenistan
2643:Saudi Arabia
2397:
2385:
2373:
2202:Superlatives
2187:Prostitution
2150:Architecture
1956:Demographics
1757:Central bank
1735:Floriculture
1632:Conscription
1510:Intelligence
1498:Human rights
1481:Constitution
1396:Superlatives
1391:Scenic areas
1276:White Terror
1220:
1127:
1112:, Springer,
1109:
1090:
1065:
1061:
1045:
1041:
1027:(2): 73–95.
1024:
1020:
991:
983:
975:
957:
939:
919:
908:Bibliography
893:
881:
869:
857:
845:
833:
794:Andrade 2008
789:
777:
737:
730:. Retrieved
725:
686:
682:
662:Andrade 2008
645:Andrade 2008
640:
628:
616:
604:
592:
580:
553:. Retrieved
550:Taipei Times
549:
539:
532:Andrade 2008
500:, p. 6.
493:
481:
474:Isorena 2004
454:
444:
437:Xiong (2012)
432:
413:
408:, p. 5.
371:
362:
352:
349:
345:
339:
334:
331:
321:
314:
305:
300:
291:
287:
261:and fled to
253:pirate from
234:
231:Xiaodong dao
230:
226:
216:
202:
197:
193:
191:
184:
166:
162:
138:Yuan dynasty
135:
125:Song dynasty
111:
88:
77:Emperor Yang
70:
68:
48:
34:Ming dynasty
26:Yuan dynasty
15:
2807:Asia portal
2708:States with
2628:Philippines
2568:South Korea
2563:North Korea
2458:Afghanistan
2345:tea culture
2310:Photography
1996:Waishengren
1730:Aquaculture
1725:Agriculture
1503:LGBT rights
1361:Hot springs
1347:Earthquakes
1281:Martial law
1068:: 163–204.
1001:10125/62865
359:Agriculture
243:Lin Daoqian
181:Wang Dayuan
158:Wang Dayuan
146:Kublai Khan
142:Han Chinese
136:During the
113:Han Chinese
89:Book of Sui
81:Sui dynasty
72:Book of Sui
18:Han Chinese
2856:Categories
2688:Uzbekistan
2663:Tajikistan
2578:Kyrgyzstan
2558:Kazakhstan
2478:Bangladesh
2468:Azerbaijan
2305:Philosophy
2280:Literature
2177:Healthcare
2036:Kanakanavu
1788:(currency)
1697:Two Chinas
1569:Propaganda
1537:Parliament
1471:Censorship
1445:Government
1423:Government
1209:Prehistory
513:Wills 2007
55:Eastern Wu
20:people to
2774:Hong Kong
2728:Palestine
2653:Sri Lanka
2648:Singapore
2528:Indonesia
2235:Animation
2197:Squatting
2172:Education
2008:Languages
1764:Companies
1542:President
1493:Elections
1401:Volcanoes
1376:Mountains
1320:Overviews
1310:Geography
705:225283565
689:: 17–42.
633:Hang 2015
597:Wong 2017
555:April 24,
458:古代中世の境界領域
390:Citations
383:Zhangzhou
322:Dongfanji
301:Dongfanji
235:Dahui guo
53:state of
2797:Category
2718:Abkhazia
2668:Thailand
2623:Pakistan
2603:Mongolia
2598:Maldives
2593:Malaysia
2493:Cambodia
2375:Category
2330:T-Beauty
2315:Religion
2270:Gambling
2103:Mandarin
2071:Sakizaya
2066:Saisiyat
1928:proposed
1834:Taxation
1804:Forestry
1657:Dang Guo
1599:Counties
1525:Military
1450:politics
1428:Politics
1180:articles
1082:40726116
1054:41933619
1033:29792550
917:(2008).
782:Hsu 1980
664:, ch. 1.
647:, ch. 4.
621:Hsu 1980
585:Hsu 1980
534:, ch. 6.
498:Hsu 1980
486:Liu 2012
421:Archived
406:Hsu 1980
378:Zheng He
271:Yan Siqi
259:Yu Dayou
255:Chaozhou
247:Lin Feng
175:Zhejiang
154:Quanzhou
2834:History
2820:Portals
2693:Vietnam
2608:Myanmar
2588:Lebanon
2518:Georgia
2473:Bahrain
2463:Armenia
2399:Outline
2320:Smoking
2250:Cuisine
2227:Culture
2143:Society
2130:Braille
2098:Sinitic
2041:Kavalan
1895:Culture
1891:Society
1849:Tourism
1844:Textile
1786:Dollar
1769:Largest
1747:Banking
1717:Economy
1464:Premier
1459:Cabinet
1433:Economy
1366:Islands
1337:Climate
1327:Beaches
1193:History
732:16 July
311:Chen Di
293:Chen Di
279:Keelung
263:Beigang
198:Pisheye
167:Pisheye
121:Visayas
79:of the
2846:Taiwan
2738:Taiwan
2673:Turkey
2638:Russia
2573:Kuwait
2553:Jordan
2543:Israel
2503:Cyprus
2488:Brunei
2483:Bhutan
2387:Portal
2325:Sports
2245:Cinema
2076:Seediq
2061:Saaroa
2051:Puyuma
2046:Paiwan
2026:Atayal
1991:Hakkas
1986:Hoklos
1948:People
1934:Flower
1919:Emblem
1914:Anthem
1888:People
1814:Mining
1799:Energy
1604:Cities
1386:Rivers
1332:Cities
1178:
1176:Taiwan
1134:
1116:
1097:
1080:
1052:
1031:
1008:
964:
946:
927:
722:"閩海贈言"
703:
374:Yongle
353:kouqin
283:Tamsui
239:Tainan
219:Fujian
194:Liuqiu
187:Penghu
171:Lishui
163:Liuqiu
98:Ryukyu
85:Liuqiu
59:Yizhou
22:Taiwan
2779:Macau
2698:Yemen
2658:Syria
2633:Qatar
2613:Nepal
2548:Japan
2523:India
2513:Egypt
2498:China
2295:Opera
2290:Music
2285:Media
2265:Drama
2217:Women
2155:Crime
2113:Hakka
2056:Rukai
2031:Bunun
1939:Seals
1371:Lakes
1078:JSTOR
1050:JSTOR
1029:JSTOR
701:S2CID
317:Wokou
297:Wokou
251:Hakka
2618:Oman
2583:Laos
2538:Iraq
2533:Iran
2254:wine
2091:Yami
2086:Tsou
2081:Thao
2021:Amis
1981:Hans
1924:Flag
1448:and
1132:ISBN
1114:ISBN
1095:ISBN
1006:ISBN
962:ISBN
944:ISBN
925:ISBN
734:2023
557:2024
275:Ming
245:and
196:and
165:and
69:The
2750:and
2340:Tea
2240:Art
1515:Law
1070:doi
996:hdl
691:doi
2858::
1354:/
1076:.
1066:23
1064:.
1046:46
1044:,
1025:32
1023:.
1004:.
816:^
801:^
762:^
745:^
736:.
724:.
713:^
699:.
687:64
685:.
681:.
669:^
652:^
565:^
548:.
520:^
505:^
466:^
398:^
340:li
335:li
189:.
173:,
2822::
2434:e
2427:t
2420:v
2256:)
2252:(
1930:)
1926:(
1168:e
1161:t
1154:v
1140:.
1103:.
1084:.
1072::
1035:.
1014:.
998::
933:.
707:.
693::
559:.
476:.
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