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Out of Plane manoeuvre was performed on Metop-B in
September 2022 meaning that Metop-B is following a similar LTAN drift strategy to Metop-A, but 6 years later. Due to LTAN drift, Metop-B left the reference orbit ground track in October 2023, to ensure phase separation with Metop-C. Metops will be rephased after launch of the first Metop-SG, such that a tandem mission between Metop-SGA1 and Metop-C can be performed to cross calibrate old and new instruments. After the tandem mission all Metops will be phased such that they are either half or quarter of an orbit apart.
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853:(IASI), the most accurate infrared sounding interferometer currently in orbit. IASI observes the atmosphere in the infra-red (3.7 – 15.5 μm) in 8461 channels, allowing to measure the atmosphere temperature within 1 °C and relative humidity within 10% for each slice of 1 km height. Earth surface is revisited twice a day. IASI by itself produces half of all Metop data.
752:(ESOC — part of ESA) which had the responsibility of achieving the final positioning of the satellite, deployment of all the antennas and final reconfiguration of the satellite following necessary orbit control maneuvers. The satellite was handed over to EUMETSAT operations on 22 October 2006. The first image was received at 08:00 UTC on 25 October 2006 — a visible light image of
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It was originally planned that subsequent Metop satellites will be launched at approximately five-year intervals, each having a planned operational life of 5 years - as such there would just be one operational satellite at a time. However, based on the good performance of both the Metop-A and Metop-B
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HRPT is used to provide a real-time direct readout local mission via a network of receivers on ground provided by cooperating organisations. Data from these stations is also transmitted to EUMETSAT and redistributed to provide a regional service with approximately 30 minutes latency. Due to radiation
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Metop-A had its orbit lowered by performing 23 apogee manoeuvres to almost empty its fuel tanks and is expected to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere within 25 years. Metop-A was decommissioned on 30 November 2021, after which only Metop-B and C remain phased approximately 180 degrees apart. The final
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data was measured as having the largest impact of any individual satellite platform on reducing 24-hour forecasting errors, and accounted for about 25% of the total impact on global forecast error reduction across all data sources.. A 2023 report updated this estimate stating that the primary Metop
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speed and direction over the oceans will also be measured. It is expected that these new instruments will herald a significant contribution to the ever-growing need for fast and accurate global data to improve numerical weather prediction. This in turn will lead to more-reliable weather forecasts
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Each of the three satellites were originally intended to be operated sequentially, however good performance of the Metop-A and Metop-B satellites mean there was a period of all three satellite operating. EUMETSAT lowered the orbit of Metop-A and decommissioned the spacecraft in
November 2021
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Prior to the launch of Metop-C, Metop-A and Metop-B were operated in a co-planar orbit approximately half an orbit apart. With the launch of Metop-C, the three Metop satellites initially share the same orbit separated by approximately a third of an orbit, albeit with Metop-A drifting in LTAN.
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The last Metop-A Out of Plane manoeuvre was performed in August 2016, almost all remaining fuel on board Metop-A was budgeted for end-of-life disposal operations required to put Metop-A in an orbit which will decay and cause re-entry within 25 years in accordance with ISO 24113 Space Debris
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measurements (for orbit determination), acquisition of real-time house keeping telemetry and uplink of telecommands. The CDA at
Svalbard, located at approximately 78° North, provides TT&C coverage on each orbit. Commands for routine operations are generally uplinked at each CDA contact,
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However, after Summer 2020 Metop-C was relocated to be approximately half an orbit apart from Metop-B, with Metop-A held between the other Metops in preparation for its disposal. Metop-B and Metop-C High Rate
Picture Transmission (HRPT) transmits real-time data continuously.
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Due to the longer than expected in-orbit performance of Metop-A and Metop-B, all three Metop spacecraft were operated simultaneously until decommissioning of Metop-A, Metop-B and eventually Metop-C. Metop spacecraft will be succeeded in their operational role by the
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In addition to its meteorological uses, it will provide imagery of land and ocean surfaces as well as search and rescue equipment to aid ships and aircraft in distress. A data relay system is also on board, linking up to buoys and other data collection devices.
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Koren, Gerbrand; van Schaik, Erik; Araújo, Alessandro C.; Boersma, K. Folkert; Gärtner, Antje; Killaars, Lars; Kooreman, Maurits L.; Kruijt, Bart; van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T.; von Randow, Celso; Smith, Naomi E.; Peters, Wouter (19 November 2018).
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approximately 36 hours in advance of on-board execution. Orbit determination can also be performed using data from the GNSS Receiver for
Atmospheric Sounding (GRAS) instrument. An independent back-up control center is also located at
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The first signal from the satellite was received at 18:35 BST on 20 October 2006, and it was confirmed that the satellite was in its nominally correct orbit with the solar panel deployed. Control of the satellite was with the
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Mitigation
Guidelines. At the end of 2022, the same fuel reserve process was enforced on Metop-B. The vast majority of fuel consumption during the operations phase is needed to compensate for inclination drift and maintain a
532:(NWP) in weather forecasting, Metop was designed with a suite of instruments to provide NWP models with high resolution global atmospheric temperature and humidity structure. Data from Metop are additionally used for
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897:(LTAN) of 21:30, and it is estimated that the platform can survive for at least 5 years with a drifting LTAN. These end-of-life disposal operations were initially unplanned, but are deemed necessary after the
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Command and
Control of Metop is performed from the EPS Control Room at EUMETSAT Headquarters in Darmstadt, Germany. The control center is connected to the CDA in Svalbard which is used for S-Band ranging and
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in Norway. The high latitude of this station allows the global data stored in the solid state recorder of each satellite to be dumped via X-Band once per orbit. Each Metop satellite produces approximately 2
643:, Germany, where they are processed, stored and disseminated to various agencies and organisations with a latency of approximately 2 hours without the McMurdo ground station and 1 hour with Svalbard.
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1233:"Global monitoring of terrestrial chlorophyll fluorescence from moderate-spectral-resolution near-infrared satellite measurements: methodology, simulations, and application to GOME-2"
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launch vehicle, after six attempts. At just over 4000 kg and measuring 17.6 × 6.5 × 5.2 metres when in orbit, Metop is Europe's second-largest Earth-observation satellite, after
607:), which is a purely local mission with its own dedicated transmitter, all data from the MetOp Instruments are formatted and multiplexed by the Payload Module and either stored on a
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of raw data per orbit. Additionally, in order to improve timeliness of products, one of the operational satellites dumps the data from the descending part of the orbit over the
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Metop-A, launched on 19 October 2006, was Europe's first polar orbiting satellite used for operational meteorology. With respect to its primary mission of providing data for
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council agreed to extend the EPS programme until at least 2027. Metop-A was operated until 30 November 2021, and similar extensions are projected for Metop-B and Metop-C.
760:— but there was a six-month period of verification and calibration of the satellite and its instrument payload before it was declared operational. Before that point, the
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The Metop and NOAA satellites both carry a common set of core instruments. In addition, Metop carries a set of new
European instruments, which measure atmospheric
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satellite has decreased in relative terms since 2011 from 24.5% to 11.15% in the FSOI metric. (The social and economic benefits of EPS-Aeolus and EPS-Sterna).
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Metop-A was declared fully operational in mid-May 2007 and the full data of its 11 scientific instruments are available to its users on operational basis
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Joiner, J.; Guanter, L.; Lindstrot, R.; Voigt, M.; Vasilkov, A. P.; Middleton, E. M.; Huemmrich, K. F.; Yoshida, Y.; Frankenberg, C. (25 October 2013).
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heritage payload module provides common command and control and power buses for the instruments along with science data acquisition and transmission.
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Metop-B was declared fully operational and pronounced to replace Metop-A as "EUMETSAT's prime operational SSO weather satellite" in April 2013.
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Metop-C was scheduled for launch towards the end of 2016, which was postponed until 2017 and was launched successfully on 7 November 2018.
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Metop-A, the first operational
European polar-orbiting meteorological satellite, was successfully launched on 19 October 2006 from
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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972:"The Impact of Metop and Other Satellite Data within the Met Office Global NWP System Using an Adjoint-Based Sensitivity Method"
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Initial Joint Polar System (IJPS). The satellites carry a payload comprising 11 scientific instruments and two which support
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The Metop satellites have a modular construction, comprising a
Service Module, a Payload Module and a suite of instruments.
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The first atmospheric contributions by Metop-A were made by the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2), a scanning
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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The following instruments are shared on the NPOES satellites which form the U.S. contribution to IJPS:
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Metop-A and Metop-B were launched respectively on 19 October 2006 and 17 September 2012, from the
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component of the overall EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS), which in turn is the European half of the
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1285:"Widespread reduction in sun-induced fluorescence from the Amazon during the 2015/2016 El Niño"
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sensitivity of the HRPT hardware, the Metop-A HRPT does not operate over the polar regions or
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1382:"Launch of Soyuz-ST with European satellite from Kourou spaceport delayed until November 6"
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antenna, or directly transmitted to local users via High Rate Picture Transmission (HRPT)
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HIRS/4 – High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (N.B. Not included on Metop-C)
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Search and Rescue services. In order to provide data continuity between Metop and
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1109:"First Satellite Image received by Dundee University Satellite receiving station"
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and, in the longer-term, help with monitoring changing climates more accurately.
639:. Data are then trickle fed from the ground stations to EUMETSAT Headquarters in
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Dyer, Richard; Righetti, Pier Luigi; Vera, Carlos; Vey, Sylvain (25 May 2018).
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received data and started to test and then use it as input to the operational
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GRAS – Global Navigation Satellite System Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding
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The suite of instruments are largely derived from precursors flown on the
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The following instruments are flown exclusively on the Metop satellites:
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555:, thermal regulation and Tracking, Telemetry and Command (TT&C). An
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European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
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1465:. 15th International Conference on Space Operations. Reston, Virginia:
817:, the distribution of surface ultraviolet radiation, and the amount of
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European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
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European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
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81:(POES), several instruments are carried on both fleets of satellites.
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1344:. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. 16 December 2008. Archived from
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One of the most important instruments carried on board Metop is the
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The following instruments are flown on board the Metop satellites:
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SARP-3 – Search And Rescue Processor (N.B. Not included on Metop-C)
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825:). In addition, sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, a proxy for
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1162:"Eumetsat Awards Metop-C Launch to Arianespace - Via Satellite -"
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satellites. EUMETSAT began de-orbiting Metop-A in November 2021
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satellites or are fully recurrent units originally developed for
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provides power (via solar array and five batteries for eclipse),
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1020:"The social and economic benefits of EPS-Aeolus and EPS-Sterna"
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with unprecedented accuracy along with profiles of atmospheric
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The main Command and Data Acquisition (CDA) head is located at
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Joo, Sangwon; Eyre, John; Marriott, Richard (October 2013).
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Metop has been developed as a joint undertaking between the
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1140:, Volume 49, Number 7, July 2007, page 245, ISSN 0038-6340.
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865:, with Metop-C being launched on 7 November 2018 from the
809:'s GOME (1995), provided coverage of most areas of planet
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and provision of long term data sets for climate records.
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Earth observation satellites of the European Space Agency
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Metop-A Mission Extension: Surviving on a Drifting LTAN
1086:. CEOS, the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites.
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anti-satellite test have significantly worsened the
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Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI)
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6.2 x 3.4 x 3.4 metres (under the launcher fairing)
1467:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
528:(EUMETSAT). Recognising the growing importance of
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1656:Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre
1202:"Plans for Metop-A end of life | EUMETSAT"
1044:"Plans for Metop-A end of life | EUMETSAT"
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801:(the German Aerospace Centre) and developed by
79:NOAA Polar Operational Environmental Satellites
1666:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
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100:The successor to the Metop satellites will be
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511:GOME-2 – Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2
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851:Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer
797:on board the satellite. GOME-2, designed by
501:Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer
421:Metop-C's payload module being lowered into
261:17.6 x 6.5 x 5.2 metres (deployed in orbit)
27:Series of European meteorological satellites
1058:"EUMETSAT Polar System - Second Generation"
110:
108:satellite expected to be launched in 2025.
4435:
4421:
3598:
3584:
2886:
2872:
1815:European Launcher Development Organisation
1553:
1539:
1221:, Volume 49, Number 5, May 2007, page 166.
856:
667:Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
43:erational satellite) is a series of three
1878:
1560:
1474:
1310:
1300:
1266:
1256:
995:
603:With the exception of Search and Rescue (
578:Television Infrared Observation Satellite
841:satellites, which are part of the IJPS.
713:
709:
591:
458:Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
416:
1384:. Interfax. 2 July 2018. Archived from
611:recorder for later transmission via an
465:A-DCS – Advanced Data Collection System
14:
5727:Spacecraft launched by Soyuz-2 rockets
5699:
1208:
1050:
654:
274:4093 kg with 320 kg of hydrazine
4416:
3579:
2867:
1877:
1777:Space Situational Awareness Programme
1534:
1150:EUMETSAT press release April 24, 2013
1127:
1084:"CEOS EO HANDBOOK – INSTRUMENT INDEX"
432:
2824:
1820:European Space Research Organisation
1636:Space Research and Technology Centre
61:(EUMETSAT). The satellites form the
2848:
1176:"EUMETSAT news item, 24 April 2013"
587:
24:
1237:Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
676:
402:Metop-C International Designator:
392:Metop-B International Designator:
382:Metop-A International Designator:
25:
5763:
5707:Spacecraft decommissioned in 2022
1496:
567:European Remote-Sensing Satellite
539:
446:Advanced Microwave Sounding Units
2847:
2835:
2823:
2812:
2811:
1641:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
931:
895:local time of the ascending node
750:European Space Operations Centre
121:
1426:
1400:
1374:
1363:
1327:
1275:
1224:
1194:
1168:
1154:
2660:Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer
1219:British Interplanetary Society
1143:
1138:British Interplanetary Society
1101:
1090:
1076:
1036:
1012:
963:
508:ASCAT – Advanced SCATterometer
425:'s Large Space Simulator, 2017
412:
372:Local Time of Ascending Node:
13:
1:
1408:"EUMETSAT Annual Report 2017"
1370:EUMETSAT MetOp-B Launch Event
957:
515:
5268:-S1 No. 3 / Kosmos 2528
766:numerical weather prediction
744:which was launched in 2002.
530:Numerical Weather Prediction
86:Numerical Weather Prediction
7:
5742:Spacecraft launched in 2018
5737:Spacecraft launched in 2012
5732:Spacecraft launched in 2006
924:
471:– Space Environment Monitor
352:Ground Track Repeat Cycle:
104:, currently with the first
10:
5768:
2730:Mars sample return mission
2550:European Data Relay System
2230:Meteosat Second Generation
2143:James Webb Space Telescope
2005:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
1687:European Data Relay System
1661:Concurrent Design Facility
1060:. EUMETSAT. Archived from
813:measuring the atmospheric
721:of Metop-B, September 2012
624:Svalbard Satellite Station
553:attitude and orbit control
491:Metop specific instruments
485:Microwave Humidity Sounder
88:, studies have shown that
57:(ESA) and operated by the
5682:
5457:
5299:
5213:
5147:
5106:
5039:
4960:
4860:
4777:
4712:
4633:
4467:
4398:
4341:
4279:
4214:
4113:
4060:
3959:
3913:
3884:SpaceX COTS Demo Flight 2
3814:
3767:
3733:
3665:
3630:
3561:
3448:
3422:
3364:
3296:
3266:
3150:
3096:
3065:
3015:
2976:
2939:
2918:
2803:
2768:
2630:
2559:
2489:
2421:
2353:Meteosat Third Generation
2212:Meteosat First Generation
2198:
2047:
1942:
1893:
1886:
1873:
1861:Planetary Science Archive
1828:
1807:
1695:
1674:
1646:European Astronaut Centre
1623:
1595:
1572:
1568:
833:ozone instruments on the
788:
582:polar-orbiting satellites
299:
224:
198:
169:
5752:Argos (satellite system)
5650:No. 5, No. 6,
4670:Falcon Heavy test flight
4643:No. 3, No. 4,
1525:Met Office Press Release
997:10.1175/mwr-d-12-00232.1
899:Iridium-Cosmos collision
827:gross primary production
4369:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2
1772:Living Planet Programme
1631:Space Operations Centre
1258:10.5194/amt-6-2803-2013
1217:, a publication of the
1136:, a publication of the
952:MetOp Second Generation
867:Centre Spatial Guyanais
857:The Metop constellation
783:MetOp Second Generation
564:European Space Agency's
5114:Telkom-4 / Merah Putih
2083:Hubble Space Telescope
1651:Space Astronomy Centre
1302:10.1098/rstb.2017.0408
976:Monthly Weather Review
722:
649:South Atlantic Anomaly
600:
599:from Metop-A, May 2019
426:
5292:B, Stars-AO, AUTcube2
1880:Projects and missions
1562:European Space Agency
1515:European Space Agency
891:Sun-synchronous orbit
717:
710:Launch and deployment
595:
534:atmospheric chemistry
522:European Space Agency
420:
356:29 Days / 412 Orbits
316:Sun-synchronous orbit
55:European Space Agency
18:EUMETSAT Polar System
4451:Orbital launches in
3614:Orbital launches in
2902:Orbital launches in
2480:European Robotic Arm
2324:Sentinel-5 Precursor
1508:18 July 2016 at the
1164:. 13 September 2010.
805:as the successor of
4769:Gaofen-1-02, 03, 04
4390:Mexsat Bicentenario
2805:Future missions in
1851:European Space Camp
1582:Guiana Space Centre
1476:10.2514/6.2018-2439
1351:on 16 February 2013
1342:NP-2008-10-056-GSFC
1249:2013AMT.....6.2803J
1204:. 13 December 2018.
1182:on 22 December 2017
1046:. 13 December 2018.
988:2013MWRv..141.3331J
875:Guiana Space Centre
863:Baikonur Cosmodrome
727:Baikonur Cosmodrome
655:Command and control
245:Guiana Space Centre
219:Baikonur Cosmodrome
193:Baikonur Cosmodrome
117:
5722:Weather satellites
5119:Parker Solar Probe
4837:-12L / Kosmos 2526
4732:× 4 (FM13 to FM16)
4533:Landmapper BC 3 v2
3216:KUTESat Pathfinder
2655:Ceres Polar Lander
2490:Telecommunications
1414:on 8 November 2018
1295:(1760): 20170408.
1064:on 15 October 2017
939:Spaceflight portal
893:(SSO) with a mean
723:
601:
580:(TIROS) series of
433:Shared instruments
427:
111:
5694:
5693:
5544:Orbital Reflector
5476:Blacksky Global 2
5395:Blacksky Global 1
4625:GovSat-1 / SES-16
4410:
4409:
3573:
3572:
2861:
2860:
2799:
2798:
2417:
2416:
2199:Earth observation
2029:Comet Interceptor
2020:Rosalind Franklin
1992:Trace Gas Orbiter
1943:Planetary science
1869:
1868:
1782:Science Programme
1489:. AIAA 2018-2439.
1243:(10): 2803–2823.
982:(10): 3331–3342.
410:
409:
204:17 September 2012
53:developed by the
16:(Redirected from
5759:
5747:Satellite series
5669:
5663:
5656:
5614:
5608:
5602:
5584:
5559:
5552:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5528:
5522:
5515:
5425:
5418:
5409:
5402:
5342:
5335:
4939:
4933:
4926:
4920:
4913:Cygnus CRS OA-9E
4886:
4880:
4698:Tintin A & B
4606:
4599:
4579:
4572:Jilin-1 Video-08
4568:Jilin-1 Video-07
4555:
4548:
4542:
4535:
4529:
4523:
4516:
4510:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4414:
4413:
3781:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3
3619:
3618:
3617:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3577:
3576:
2964:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2851:
2850:
2839:
2827:
2826:
2815:
2814:
2791:Schiaparelli EDM
2650:Calathus Mission
2474:Georges Lemaître
2432:ISS contribution
1891:
1890:
1875:
1874:
1570:
1569:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1532:
1531:
1491:
1490:
1478:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1440:. 9 October 2013
1434:"ISO 24113:2011"
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1410:. Archived from
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1378:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1339:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1314:
1304:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:2060/20140010879
1260:
1228:
1222:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1178:. Archived from
1172:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1115:on 19 March 2007
1111:. Archived from
1105:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1016:
1010:
1009:
999:
967:
941:
936:
935:
934:
871:Kourou spaceport
819:nitrogen dioxide
588:Data acquisition
547:A SPOT heritage
301:Orbital elements
232:at 00:47:27 UTC
206:at 16:28:00 UTC
125:
118:
116:
21:
5767:
5766:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5678:
5665:
5658:
5651:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5580:
5554:
5548:
5542:
5536:
5532:Landmapper BC 4
5530:
5524:
5517:
5511:
5453:
5420:
5411:
5404:
5398:
5337:
5331:
5295:
5209:
5206:CentiSpace-1-S1
5143:
5102:
5035:
4956:
4935:
4928:
4922:
4916:
4900:Chang'e 4 Relay
4882:
4876:
4856:
4813:31A, 31B, 31C,
4773:
4708:
4629:
4601:
4595:
4575:
4550:
4544:
4537:
4531:
4525:
4518:
4512:
4506:
4463:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4441:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4394:
4337:
4275:
4210:
4109:
4056:
3955:
3909:
3810:
3763:
3729:
3661:
3626:
3625:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3604:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3557:
3444:
3418:
3360:
3292:
3262:
3146:
3092:
3061:
3011:
2972:
2960:
2935:
2914:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2892:
2862:
2857:
2795:
2764:
2632:
2626:
2607:LISA Pathfinder
2564:
2562:
2555:
2485:
2468:Albert Einstein
2456:Johannes Kepler
2413:
2194:
2052:
2050:
2043:
1938:
1882:
1865:
1824:
1803:
1691:
1670:
1619:
1597:Launch vehicles
1591:
1564:
1559:
1510:Wayback Machine
1499:
1494:
1487:
1457:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1280:
1276:
1229:
1225:
1213:
1209:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1144:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1091:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1013:
968:
964:
960:
947:Satellite flare
937:
932:
930:
927:
911:low Earth orbit
859:
847:
824:
791:
712:
679:
677:Mission profile
657:
633:McMurdo Station
597:Satellite flare
590:
542:
518:
493:
442:AMSU-A1/AMSU-A2
435:
415:
362:Mean Altitude:
260:
238:Soyuz ST Fregat
231:
230:7 November 2018
226:Metop-C Launch:
212:Soyuz ST Fregat
205:
200:Metop-B Launch:
186:Soyuz ST Fregat
176:
175:19 October 2006
171:Metop-A Launch:
112:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5765:
5755:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5692:
5691:
5687:Crewed flights
5683:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5675:(6 satellites)
5670:
5645:
5635:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5596:
5586:
5570:
5560:
5469:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5426:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5363:
5358:
5356:Progress MS-10
5353:
5348:
5343:
5329:
5324:
5312:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5279:
5276:
5269:
5263:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5238:
5229:
5223:
5217:
5215:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5204:
5191:
5186:
5177:
5163:
5158:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5094:
5085:
5079:
5071:
5066:
5064:Progress MS-09
5061:
5053:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5011:
5005:
4992:
4987:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4964:
4962:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4941:
4910:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4870:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4823:
4818:
4808:
4799:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4760:
4751:
4745:
4740:
4733:
4727:
4725:Hispasat 30W-6
4722:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4700:
4691:
4689:Progress MS-08
4686:
4677:
4674:Tesla Roadster
4667:
4662:
4652:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4613:
4612:(3 satellites)
4607:
4589:
4580:
4565:
4556:
4492:
4477:
4475:USA-280 / Zuma
4471:
4469:
4465:
4464:
4458:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4417:
4408:
4407:
4403:Crewed flights
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4383:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4349:Pléiades-HR 1B
4345:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4293:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4271:Progress M-17M
4268:
4263:
4256:
4251:
4242:
4233:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4194:
4185:
4180:
4131:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4098:
4093:
4084:
4075:
4068:Progress M-16M
4064:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4037:
4032:
4011:
3985:
3978:
3973:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3944:
3935:
3928:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3890:
3881:
3876:
3859:
3854:
3845:
3838:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3787:Progress M-15M
3784:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3742:Edoardo Amaldi
3737:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3657:Progress M-14M
3654:
3649:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3621:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3566:Crewed flights
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3467:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3340:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3276:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3167:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3104:Resurs-DK No.1
3100:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2962:CUTE-1.7 + APD
2954:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2909:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2868:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2845:
2833:
2821:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2670:Darwin Mission
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2616:
2615:(2019–present)
2610:
2604:
2598:
2597:(2013–present)
2592:
2591:(2009–present)
2586:
2580:
2579:(2001–present)
2574:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2552:(2016–present)
2547:
2542:
2541:(2014–present)
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2535:(2011–present)
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2529:(2010–present)
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2523:(2008–present)
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2517:(2005–present)
2512:
2511:(2001–present)
2506:
2500:
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2491:
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2462:Edoardo Amaldi
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2452:(2010–present)
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2440:(2008–present)
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2250:(2006–present)
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2232:(2002–present)
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2209:
2208:(1988–present)
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2200:
2196:
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2192:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2151:(2023–present)
2146:
2145:(2021–present)
2140:
2139:(2019–present)
2134:
2133:(2013–present)
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2109:(2002–present)
2104:
2103:(1999–present)
2098:
2092:
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2085:(1990–present)
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2074:
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2062:
2055:
2053:
2048:
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2042:
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2033:
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2016:
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2001:(2018–present)
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1497:External links
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1388:on 4 July 2018
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1335:"NOAA-N Prime"
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549:service module
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540:Metop heritage
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346:101.0 minutes
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340:Orbital period
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45:polar-orbiting
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5573:SpaceX CRS-16
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5014:Dragon CRS-15
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4918:EnduroSat One
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4785:Dragon CRS-14
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4750:/ Kosmos 2525
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4577:Kepler 0 KIPP
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4380:Soyuz TMA-07M
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4260:Soyuz TMA-06M
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3638:Ziyuan III-01
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3390:Progress M-58
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3132:Progress M-57
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3038:Progress M-56
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2049:Astronomy and
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2017:
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1984:Venus Express
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1925:Solar Orbiter
1923:
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1894:Solar physics
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1097:ESA fact page
1093:
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909:situation in
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868:
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852:
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836:
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828:
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808:
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803:SELEX Galileo
800:
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772:
769:
767:
763:
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330:98.7° to the
329:
327:
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321:
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317:
314:
312:
310:
306:
305:
302:
298:
295:
293:
291:
288:
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280:Payload Mass:
278:
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273:
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258:
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159:Satellite of:
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143:Mission type:
141:
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137:
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131:Organization:
129:
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115:
109:
107:
103:
98:
94:
91:
87:
82:
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76:
75:Cospas-Sarsat
72:
68:
64:
63:space segment
60:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
5686:
5464:
5449:Strela-3M 18
5441:Strela-3M 17
5433:Strela-3M 16
5414:
5361:Cygnus NG-10
5326:
5271:
5232:
5231:
5082:Iridium NEXT
5018:Biarri-Squad
4982:
4944:Iridium NEXT
4802:Superbird-B3
4763:Iridium NEXT
4735:
4610:Yaogan 30-04
4597:Dove Pioneer
4402:
4378:
4354:Eutelsat 70B
4315:EchoStar XVI
4296:Eutelsat 21B
4258:
4249:Shijian 9-02
4245:Shijian 9-01
4227:SpaceX CRS-1
4182:
4142:SMDC-ONE 1.2
4138:SMDC-ONE 1.1
4091:Ekspress-MD2
3980:
3930:
3892:
3888:New Frontier
3840:
3779:
3741:
3647:Fengyun 2-07
3565:
3480:SpaceHab LSM
3469:
3456:Fengyun 2-05
3384:
3335:
3326:Chinasat-22A
3308:
3186:
3169:
3157:
3004:
2997:
2926:New Horizons
2840:
2829:
2816:
2806:
2715:Lunar Lander
2633:and proposed
2618:
2405:
2397:
2389:
2381:
2373:
2365:
2357:
2351:
2343:
2335:
2247:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2010:
1991:
1968:Mars Express
1930:
1808:Predecessors
1787:Horizon 2000
1461:
1454:
1442:. Retrieved
1437:
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1412:the original
1402:
1390:. Retrieved
1386:the original
1376:
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1346:the original
1341:
1329:
1292:
1288:
1277:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1214:
1210:
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1180:the original
1170:
1156:
1145:
1133:
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:the original
1103:
1092:
1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1062:the original
1052:
1038:
1028:16 September
1026:. Retrieved
1014:
979:
975:
965:
919:
915:
907:space debris
887:
881:satellites,
879:
860:
848:
795:spectrometer
792:
779:
776:
773:
770:
746:
724:
719:Ground track
704:
680:
658:
645:
621:
602:
561:
546:
543:
519:
494:
436:
428:
401:
391:
381:
371:
366:817 km
361:
351:
338:
322:
307:
289:
284:812 kg
279:
266:
251:
225:
199:
177:at 16:28:00
170:
158:
142:
130:
113:
99:
95:
89:
83:
40:
39:eorological
36:
32:
31:
29:
5673:Yunhai-2 01
5628:Kosmos 2533
5577:TechEdSat 8
5567:GEO-KOMPSAT
5492:FalconSAT 6
5466:Soyuz MS-11
5445:Kosmos 2532
5437:Kosmos 2531
5429:Kosmos 2530
5381:Shiyan 6-01
5315:Kosmos 2529
5255:BepiColombo
5234:Soyuz MS-10
5202:Horizons-3e
5198:Intelsat 38
5194:Azerspace-2
5189:Kounotori 7
5161:Telstar 18V
5069:Telstar 19V
5003:Kosmos 2527
4990:IGS-Radar 6
4984:Soyuz MS-09
4908:Longjiang 2
4904:Longjiang 1
4846:Sentinel-3B
4737:Soyuz MS-08
4587:SBIRS-GEO-4
4514:Carbonite-2
4503:Microsat-TD
4495:Cartosat-2F
4333:ChinaSat 12
4310:Huanjing 1C
4300:Star One C3
4254:Intelsat 23
4154:AeroCube 4B
4150:AeroCube 4A
4096:Intelsat 21
4078:Intelsat 20
4048:Kosmos 2481
4030:exactView-1
3988:Kounotori 3
3921:Intelsat 19
3900:ChinaSat 2A
3857:Kosmos 2480
3754:Kosmos 2479
3749:Intelsat 22
3642:VesselSat-2
3548:Kosmos 2426
3544:Kosmos 2425
3540:Kosmos 2424
3337:Soyuz TMA-9
3331:Kosmos 2423
3283:Syracuse 3B
3248:Mea Huaka'i
3182:Kosmos 2422
3137:Kosmos 2421
3073:Kosmos 2420
3006:Soyuz TMA-8
2999:FalconSAT-2
2988:Hot Bird 7A
2853:WikiProject
2725:MarcoPolo-R
2675:Don Quijote
2645:Ariane 5 ME
2609:(2015–2017)
2539:Galileo FOC
2533:Galileo IOV
2505:(1989–1993)
2444:Jules Verne
2425:spaceflight
2256:(2009–2013)
2244:(2003–2007)
2242:Double Star
2238:(2002–2012)
2226:(1995–2011)
2220:(1991–2000)
2214:(1977–1997)
2127:(2009–2013)
2121:(2009–2013)
2097:(1995–1998)
2079:(1989–1993)
2073:(1983–1986)
2067:(1978–1996)
2061:(1975–1982)
1999:BepiColombo
1986:(2005–2014)
1980:(2004–2016)
1964:(2003–2006)
1958:(1997–2005)
1952:(1985–1992)
1921:(2000–2024)
1909:(1990–2009)
1903:(1977–1987)
1836:Arianespace
1215:Spaceflight
1134:Spaceflight
754:Scandinavia
695:trace gases
683:temperature
609:solid-state
413:Instruments
324:Inclination
152:Climatology
148:Meteorology
5701:Categories
5286:KhalifaSat
5124:ADM-Aeolus
4978:Fengyun-2H
4952:GRACE-FO 2
4948:GRACE-FO 1
4705:-Optical 6
4328:Yaogan 16C
4324:Yaogan 16B
4320:Yaogan 16A
4305:Meridian 6
4291:Yamal-300K
4266:Compass G6
4192:Compass-M6
4188:Compass-M5
4146:AeroCube 4
4014:Kanopus-V1
3932:Shenzhou 9
3827:Tianhui 1B
3806:Compass-M4
3802:Compass-M3
3720:Compass-G5
3535:Meridian 1
3530:SAR-Lupe 1
3461:WildBlue 1
3399:Shijian 6D
3395:Shijian 6C
3372:DirecTV-9S
3288:Koreasat 5
3274:Hot Bird 8
3240:AeroCube-1
2968:Arabsat-4A
2947:EchoStar X
2740:Phootprint
2720:Marco Polo
2561:Technology
2391:MetOp-SG-B
2383:MetOp-SG-A
2359:Sentinel-4
2330:ADM-Aeolus
2310:Sentinel-3
2292:Sentinel-2
2278:Sentinel-1
2206:Copernicus
2101:XMM-Newton
1919:Cluster II
1725:Copernicus
1696:Programmes
1624:Facilities
1574:Spaceports
1444:7 November
1418:7 November
1119:26 October
1068:11 January
958:References
903:Fengyun-1C
762:Met Office
731:Kazakhstan
693:and other
637:Antarctica
524:(ESA) and
516:Background
406:2018-087A
396:2012-049A
386:2006-044A
253:Dimensions
106:MetOp SG-A
51:satellites
5648:Kanopus-V
5632:Blagovest
5589:Chang'e 4
5504:SkySat 15
5500:SkySat 14
5488:Eu:CROPIS
5480:Capella 1
5413:Kepler 1
5351:Es'hail 2
5319:GLONASS-M
5221:SAOCOM 1A
5148:September
5077:FOC 19–22
5051:PakTES-1A
5030:UiTMSAT-1
4995:GLONASS-M
4868:Apstar 6C
4835:Blagovest
4665:TRICOM-1R
4641:Kanopus-V
4520:Flock-3p'
4386:Skynet 5D
4374:Göktürk-2
4359:Yamal-402
4231:Orbcomm-2
4125:PROITERES
4114:September
4004:TechEdSat
3942:Quasar 18
3905:Yaogan 15
3866:Kompsat 3
3852:Vinasat-2
3836:Tiantuo 1
3832:Yaogan 14
3792:YahSat-1B
3682:ALMASat-1
3488:ANDE-FACL
3409:Sinosat-2
3304:Shijian 8
3297:September
3258:Arirang-2
3252:ICECube-2
3212:ICECube-1
3192:Baumanets
3177:Genesis I
3114:Galaxy 16
3088:Thaicom 5
3033:Astra 1KR
2781:CryoSat-1
2755:STE-QUEST
2690:Eddington
2680:e.Deorbit
2631:Cancelled
2503:Olympus-1
2345:EarthCARE
2266:CryoSat-2
2115:(2006–13)
2091:(1992–93)
2077:Hipparcos
2051:cosmology
1527:(archive)
1355:8 October
1186:2 October
1006:0027-0644
673:, Spain.
641:Darmstadt
619:antenna.
5653:Flock-3k
5642:GPS IIIA
5600:CubeSail
5556:SpaceBEE
5550:PW-Sat 2
5538:MinXSS-2
5526:IRVINE02
5519:Flock-3s
5508:STPSat 5
5496:ICEYE X2
5458:December
5406:Flock-3r
5400:FACSAT-1
5373:BeiDou-3
5366:BeiDou-3
5333:IRVINE01
5307:BeiDou-3
5300:November
5290:Diwata-2
5273:Weilai-1
5245:M15, M16
5228:32A, 32B
5184:M13, M14
5166:ICESat-2
5136:BeiDou-3
5129:BeiDou-3
5022:BHUTAN-1
4968:Gaofen-6
4937:RaInCube
4890:Gaofen 5
4851:Zhuhai-1
4826:AFSPC-11
4821:IRNSS-1I
4797:UBAKUSAT
4789:1KUNS-PF
4634:February
4620:Al Yah 3
4552:SpaceBEE
4508:Arkyd-6A
4499:ICEYE-X1
4487:BeiDou-3
4480:BeiDou-3
4342:December
4280:November
4197:Astra 2F
4178:CINEMA 1
4087:Telkom-3
4072:Sfera-53
4044:Gonets-M
4040:Gonets-M
3848:JCSAT-13
3759:Apstar 7
3686:Xatcobeo
3666:February
3516:TacSat-2
3506:MEASAT-3
3484:ANDE-MAA
3449:December
3423:November
3376:Optus D1
3315:ITS P3/4
3279:JCSAT-3A
3228:HAUSAT-1
3208:Rincon 1
3171:INSAT-4C
3109:KazSat-1
3084:Satmex 6
3080:/ EWS-G1
3057:CloudSat
3048:Yaogan 1
3023:JCSAT-5A
2984:Spainsat
2940:February
2842:Wikinews
2818:Category
2438:Columbus
2362:) (2024)
2172:ARRAKIHS
2125:Herschel
2107:INTEGRAL
2037:EnVision
1990:ExoMars
1846:EUMETSAT
1737:Columbus
1730:Sentinel
1610:Ariane 6
1605:Ariane 5
1520:EUMETSAT
1506:Archived
1503:EUMETSAT
1321:30297473
925:See also
883:EUMETSAT
735:Soyuz-ST
733:using a
687:humidity
290:Webpage:
268:Wet Mass
136:EUMETSAT
102:MetOp-SG
67:EUMETSAT
5660:Lemur-2
5638:USA-289
5618:GSAT-7A
5563:GSAT-11
5422:Lemur-2
5346:GSAT-29
5339:Lemur-2
5327:MetOp-C
5282:GOSAT-2
5214:October
5174:NovaSAR
5074:Galileo
4946:51–55,
4930:Lemur-2
4924:EQUiSat
4884:MarCO B
4878:MarCO A
4873:InSight
4806:HYLAS-4
4758:M9, M10
4743:GSAT-6A
4720:GOES-17
4649:Lemur-2
4603:Lemur-2
4583:USA-282
4563:Topaz-5
4559:USA-281
4539:Lemur-2
4468:January
4364:USA-240
4287:Luch 5B
4222:USA-239
4215:October
4201:GSAT-10
4183:MetOp-B
4134:USA-238
4129:mRESINS
4082:HYLAS 2
4022:Zond-PP
4018:BelKA-2
3996:We-Wish
3951:Orion 8
3947:USA-237
3938:USA-236
3879:Nimiq 6
3874:Horyu 2
3862:Shizuku
3822:USA-235
3797:RISAT-1
3775:USA-234
3706:MaSat-1
3694:ROBUSTA
3652:USA-233
3631:January
3520:GeneSat
3511:USA-193
3500:MEPSI-2
3496:MARScom
3471:STS-116
3440:USA-192
3430:USA-191
3385:MetOp-A
3365:October
3356:USA-190
3347:HIT-SAT
3310:STS-115
3159:STS-121
3142:USA-184
3127:USA-189
3123:USA-188
3119:USA-187
3078:GOES 13
3053:CALIPSO
2952:MTSAT-2
2919:January
2830:Commons
2807:italics
2776:Cluster
2760:THESEUS
2745:SOLARIS
2620:PROBA-3
2613:OPS-SAT
2595:PROBA-V
2589:PROBA-2
2577:PROBA-1
2527:HYLAS-1
2521:GIOVE-B
2515:GIOVE-A
2509:Artemis
2337:Biomass
2236:Envisat
2175:(2030s)
1974:Rosetta
1962:SMART-1
1956:Huygens
1907:Ulysses
1887:Science
1762:ExoMars
1752:GALILEO
1742:CryoSat
1703:Artemis
1682:ESTRACK
1587:Esrange
1312:6178432
1245:Bibcode
984:Bibcode
913:(LEO).
839:NOAA-19
835:NOAA-18
742:Envisat
669:, near
662:doppler
571:Envisat
557:Envisat
499:IASI –
454:AVHRR/3
332:equator
90:Metop-A
5667:Lume-1
5606:RSat-P
5593:Yutu-2
5472:SHERPA
5278:CFOSAT
5250:AEHF-4
5241:BeiDou
5226:Yaogan
5180:BeiDou
5172:S1-4,
5107:August
5097:Gaofen
5092:M5, M6
5088:BeiDou
5059:IGSO-7
5056:BeiDou
5047:PRSS-1
5026:Maya-1
4997:
4973:SES-12
4811:Yaogan
4754:BeiDou
4684:M3, M4
4680:BeiDou
4647:× 4 ,
4616:SES-14
4546:PicSat
4527:Fox-1D
4460:2019 →
4445:← 2017
4206:VRSS-1
4158:Aeneas
4121:SPOT 6
4105:RBSP-B
4101:RBSP-A
4061:August
4046:No.4,
4042:No.3,
4000:Niwaka
3926:NuSTAR
3725:MUOS-1
3710:PW-Sat
3702:Goliat
3698:e-st@r
3623:2013 →
3608:← 2011
3525:Kiku 8
3476:ITS P5
3465:AMC-18
3435:Badr-4
3404:STEREO
3343:Hinode
3321:IGS-3A
3267:August
3232:MEROPE
3200:SACRED
3196:PicPot
3043:EROS-B
3028:COSMIC
2931:Daichi
2911:2007 →
2896:← 2005
2786:GEOS 1
2769:Failed
2735:ODINUS
2705:Hopper
2700:Hermes
2695:EXPERT
2623:(2024)
2603:(2015)
2585:(2007)
2573:(1998)
2499:(1978)
2497:GEOS 2
2482:(2021)
2476:(2014)
2470:(2013)
2464:(2012)
2458:(2011)
2450:Cupola
2446:(2008)
2410:(2027)
2402:(2025)
2394:(2025)
2386:(2025)
2378:(2025)
2370:(2025)
2367:ALTIUS
2348:(2024)
2340:(2024)
2191:(2035)
2183:(2035)
2180:Athena
2167:(2029)
2159:(2026)
2149:Euclid
2137:CHEOPS
2119:Planck
2089:Eureca
2071:EXOSAT
2040:(2031)
2032:(2029)
2024:(2028)
2015:(2024)
2007:(2023)
1978:Philae
1950:Giotto
1935:(2031)
1901:ISEE-2
1715:Aurora
1483:
1392:4 July
1319:
1309:
1004:
831:SBUV/2
789:GOME-2
768:runs.
738:Fregat
671:Madrid
617:L-Band
613:X-Band
605:SARSAT
575:NOAA's
569:ERS /
376:21:30
114:Metop
5623:CSO-1
5612:STF-1
5582:UNITE
5513:ENOCH
5391:HySIS
5266:Lotos
5084:56–65
5020:× 3,
4830:EAGLE
4815:Weina
4793:Irazú
4778:April
4765:41–50
4713:March
4659:ÑuSat
4645:S-Net
4236:David
4166:CSSWE
4026:TET-1
3992:Raiko
3976:SES-5
3971:MSG-3
3870:SDS-4
3768:April
3734:March
3715:SES-4
3678:LARES
3673:Navid
3553:CoRoT
3492:RAFT1
3380:LDREX
3351:SSSAT
3224:nCube
3220:SEEDS
3188:BelKA
3016:April
2977:March
2957:Akari
2750:SPICA
2545:EGNOS
2407:FORUM
2399:SMILE
2272:Swarm
2248:MetOp
2224:ERS-2
2218:ERS-1
2164:ARIEL
2156:PLATO
2113:CoRoT
2059:Cos-B
2022:rover
1932:Vigil
1856:GEWEX
1799:Pride
1757:ELIPS
1747:EGNOS
1349:(PDF)
1338:(PDF)
1023:(PDF)
869:, at
815:ozone
811:Earth
807:ERS-2
691:ozone
469:SEM-2
463:Argos
423:ESTEC
309:Orbit
164:Earth
33:Metop
5655:× 12
5634:-13L
5484:ESEO
5415:CASE
5408:× 16
5170:SSTL
5040:July
5010:A, B
5008:XJSS
4961:June
4841:TESS
4748:EMKA
4661:4, 5
4655:CSES
4453:2018
4174:CXBN
3960:July
3914:June
3894:Fajr
3616:2012
3414:XM-4
3244:CP-1
3236:CP-2
3164:MPLM
3151:July
3097:June
2993:ST-5
2904:2006
2710:LOFT
2685:EChO
2665:CSTS
2640:AIDA
2583:YES2
2375:FLEX
2260:SMOS
2254:GOCE
2188:LISA
2131:Gaia
2012:Hera
1913:SOHO
1767:FLPP
1615:Vega
1481:ISBN
1446:2018
1420:2018
1394:2018
1357:2010
1317:PMID
1188:2013
1121:2006
1070:2020
1030:2024
1002:ISSN
901:and
837:and
756:and
699:Wind
685:and
71:NOAA
5662:× 8
5644:-01
5558:× 3
5521:× 3
5424:× 4
5376:M18
5369:M17
5341:× 2
5322:757
5310:G1Q
5243:-3
5182:-3
5157:-1C
5139:M12
5132:M11
5090:-3
5024:,
4999:756
4932:× 4
4861:May
4853:× 5
4756:-3
4730:O3b
4703:IGS
4694:Paz
4682:-3
4651:× 4
4605:× 2
4554:× 4
4541:× 4
4522:× 4
4240:Sif
4170:CP5
4052:MiR
4008:F-1
3815:May
3744:ATV
3204:ION
3066:May
2601:IXV
2571:ARD
2423:ISS
2095:ISO
2065:IUE
1720:ATV
1708:ESM
1471:doi
1438:ISO
1307:PMC
1297:doi
1293:373
1263:hdl
1253:doi
992:doi
980:141
821:(NO
799:DLR
635:in
481:MHS
179:UTC
37:Met
5703::
5664:,
5657:,
5640:/
5630:/
5609:,
5603:,
5579:,
5569:2A
5565:,
5553:,
5547:,
5541:,
5535:,
5529:,
5523:,
5516:,
5510:,
5506:,
5502:,
5498:,
5494:,
5490:,
5486:,
5482:,
5478:,
5474:,
5447:/
5443:,
5439:/
5435:,
5431:/
5419:,
5410:,
5403:,
5397:,
5393:,
5371:,
5336:,
5317:/
5288:,
5284:,
5262:2B
5260:HY
5200:,
5196:/
5176:-1
5168:—
5155:HY
5134:,
5099:11
5049:,
5028:,
5001:/
4950:,
4934:,
4927:,
4921:,
4906:,
4902:,
4881:,
4875:,
4828:,
4817:1B
4804:,
4795:,
4791:,
4787:,
4696:,
4657:,
4618:,
4600:,
4594:,
4585:/
4574:,
4570:,
4561:/
4549:,
4543:,
4536:,
4530:,
4524:,
4517:,
4511:,
4505:,
4501:,
4497:,
4490:M8
4485:,
4483:M7
4388:,
4326:,
4322:,
4298:,
4289:,
4247:,
4238:,
4229:,
4199:,
4190:,
4176:,
4172:,
4168:,
4164:,
4162:Re
4160:,
4156:,
4152:,
4148:,
4144:,
4140:,
4136:,
4127:,
4123:,
4103:,
4089:,
4080:,
4050:,
4028:,
4024:,
4020:,
4016:,
4006:,
4002:,
3998:,
3994:,
3969:,
3949:/
3940:/
3886:,
3872:,
3868:,
3864:,
3850:,
3834:,
3804:,
3708:,
3704:,
3700:,
3696:,
3692:,
3688:,
3684:,
3680:,
3640:,
3546:,
3542:,
3518:,
3498:,
3494:,
3490:,
3486:,
3482:,
3478:,
3463:,
3397:,
3378:,
3374:,
3349:,
3345:,
3281:,
3250:,
3246:,
3242:,
3238:,
3234:,
3230:,
3226:,
3222:,
3218:,
3214:,
3210:,
3206:,
3202:,
3198:,
3194:,
3190:,
3125:,
3121:,
3086:,
3055:,
2986:,
2959:,
2318:3B
2316:/
2314:3A
2312:/
2304:2C
2302:/
2300:2B
2298:/
2296:2A
2294:/
2286:1B
2284:/
2282:1A
2280:/
1479:.
1469:.
1436:.
1340:.
1315:.
1305:.
1291:.
1287:.
1261:.
1251:.
1239:.
1235:.
1000:.
990:.
978:.
974:.
877:.
873:,
729:,
697:.
651:.
629:GB
584:.
483:–
456:–
444:–
150:/
69:/
41:Op
5595:)
5591:(
5585:)
5575:(
5032:)
5016:(
4940:)
4915:(
4676:)
4672:(
4436:e
4429:t
4422:v
4074:)
4070:(
4010:)
3990:(
3599:e
3592:t
3585:v
3502:)
3474:(
3317:)
3313:(
3166:)
3162:(
2887:e
2880:t
2873:v
2356:(
1976:/
1554:e
1547:t
1540:v
1473::
1448:.
1422:.
1396:.
1359:.
1323:.
1299::
1271:.
1265::
1255::
1247::
1241:6
1190:.
1123:.
1072:.
1032:.
1008:.
994::
986::
823:2
342::
326::
311::
270::
255::
35:(
20:)
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