1910:
1787:
1653:
1533:
2076:
1980:
1862:
2172:
1688:
1592:
342:, where Plastiras resided, for Greece. He was authorize by the general to form, on his behalf, a republican organization with socialist content", and prepare to turn both "against the Occupier" and against a return of the monarchy. After his arrival in Athens on 23 September, Pyromaglou came into contact with Republican circles, and after contacting Zervas took EDES' command. In October, a five-member Executive Committee was founded, with Pyromaglou as General Secretary, representing Plastiras, and Zervas as a member.
1945:
1827:
2245:
47:
1117:
349:, and receiving funds, weapons, and guidance. Under British pressure, in support of the Greek monarchy, Zervas sent a statement of loyalty to King George II in March 1942. This marked a silent breach with the anti-monarchist attacks of the past months, and marked EDES's turn towards a pro-monarchist stance.
662:
launched an attack on EDES. These attacks triggered a civil war that would last until
February 1944. After that, a fragile truce was established, which lasted until December, two months after the Liberation. Then, while the ELAS of Athens attempted to overthrow the government, other units stormed
435:
acts in occupied Europe, greatly boosted the prestige of the nascent
Resistance, it also caused a significant rift between EDES and ELAS: the British loudly proclaimed and lauded Zervas' role in the operation, while ignoring the contribution – numerically far greater – of the leftist ELAS forces.
619:
officer Karl Heinz
Rotfuchs, the agreement remained a secret from the absolute majority of EDES members. It was also kept secret from the British, so that EDES would continue to receive material support from the former. Upon their departure from Epirus, the Germans ensured that leftover materiel
162:
614:
reached a "gentlemen's agreement". Under its terms the two sides were to enter a truce, exchange limited information on ELAS prior to each side's military operations against the communists and enter full on collaboration in case EDES found itself on the brink of collapse. According to
3620:
2262:
927:
368:
against the local population. The expulsion was approved by the Middle East Allied
Command, in a directive to "push out of Greece and into Albania." The state of Albania subsequently accused Greece of having perpetrated, through EDES,
321:
Dictatorship", calling for a thorough cleansing of the state and Greek social and public life from anyone "who has not proven through actions a
National Republican socialist conscience". The charter acknowledged the prominent exiled
447:
and by the summer of 1943 a small armed guerilla group was formed by E. Sevastakis. The
Peloponnesean branch of EDES struggled with finding weapons and ammunition, prompting Zervas to request for a British airdrop of supplies in
330:
as its nominal political head, although, due to his exile in France, they'd failed to obtain his consent beforehand. At that time, yet, no explicit reference to armed opposition against the occupying forces was made in the text.
667:. The latter was defeated and the remaining forces were evacuated to Corfu. After the defeat of the ELAS in Athens (January 1945), EDES forces returned to Epirus, where part of them got involved to the expulsion of the
313:, and general leftist-socialist proclamations. In the aftermath of the four-year right-wing widely rejected in the country, while social ideals for "social fairness" became the vogue among the various resistance groups.
3256:
2510:
605:
Following large scale clashes between ELAS and EDES in
October 1943, Zervas entered into contact with the Germans and began discussing the possibility of collaboration against ELAS. In February 1944, Zervas and
316:
The founding charter of EDES explicitly demanded the "establishment in Greece of a
Republican regime, of Socialist form", the "revelation of the treason of former King George II and the gang of the so-called
2433:
356:, arguing that Greece should be allowed to annex parts of Albania and Bulgaria after the war. In 1944 and 1945, following the retreat of Axis forces and their evacuation of Greece, EDES participated in the
2274:
308:
Like many other resistance movements founded during that time, the political orientation of the
National Republican Greek League was Republican, with a strongly stated opposition towards the exiled king,
1049:
3153:
385:
and tried to establish some form of cooperation. The negotiations failed over the demands of the
Communists for a merger of EDES with EAM and their distrust of Zervas' pro-British attitudes.
3109:
2940:
3143:
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on various occasions accused its rival organizations, and particularly EDES, of collaboration with the occupying Nazi forces. During the armed conflicts between ELAS and EDES in
631:, a propaganda war was launched with ELAS accusing EDES of collaboration, mainly due to gaining plausibility from the explicit exemption of EDES from German propaganda attacks.
3206:
3201:
3121:
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381:
Like most similar groups, EDES was initially limited to Athens. Having the support of many prominent Venizelist and Republican military figures, EDES came into contact with
2405:
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157:
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by attacking Cham villages and murdering civilians. The issue of the Cham minority remains open from the Albanian side, after the communist regime fell.
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2955:
393:
2465:
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A short-lived attempt to coopt EDES forces, and use them against ELAS partisans, also failed, and by July 1944, EDES was attacking the Germans again.
3296:
2900:
2920:
1422:
1362:
2176:
2490:
835:
Barjaba, Kosta; King, Russell (2005). "The New Albanian Migration". In King, Russell; Mai, Nicola; Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie (eds.).
638:, initially a political leader of EDES in Athens, won the peculiar enmity of the organization because he supported the collaborationist
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2743:
2485:
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3181:
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2679:
2619:
2505:
2455:
2218:
443:, before ELAS establishes full control of the region. A branch of the National Groups of Greek Guerrillas (ΕΟΕΑ) was then founded in
388:
On 23 July 1942, after intense British pressure and more than a month after the official appearance of the military wing of EAM, the
361:
3281:
2950:
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1898:
1406:
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767:
Blutiges Edelweiß: Die 1. Gebirgs-division im zweiten Weltkrieg [Bloodstained Edelweiss. The 1st Mountain-Division in WWII]
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1957:
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990:
775:
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These internal conflicts caused rivalry between resistance groups and eventually escalated into civil war. In October 1943,
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3133:
1849:
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145:
302:
3128:
1399:
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141:
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On 24 February 1943, Zervas addressed his friend Antonis Petsakis in a letter, urging him to create a branch of EDES in
2755:
1155:
382:
278:
214:
419:
Supported by British parachute drops, EDES quickly gathered some 100 fighters. The first major operation of EDES was "
3936:
3774:
3537:
2843:
2012:
1304:
1281:
1256:
1231:
1208:
729:
Tsoutsoumpis, Spyridon (2021). "The Lords of War: violence, governance and nation-building in north-western Greece".
659:
647:
624:
616:
535:
528:
389:
3941:
3916:
3158:
2410:
2007:
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452:. The airdrop did not materialize and Sevastakis' group disbanded in late July, numbering some 70 men at the time.
153:
3921:
2517:
2132:
1435:
607:
3530:
3516:
3148:
3116:
2833:
2629:
2531:
1927:
1922:
1675:
1665:
856:"The Muslim Chams of Northwestern Greece. The grounds for the expulsion of a "non-existent" minority community"
198:
149:
137:
3813:
3344:
2935:
2120:
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and encouraged young officers to join their ranks, which led to hostility of the EAM groups towards him. The
3861:
3523:
3260:
2864:
2645:
2553:
2443:
2249:
1992:
1762:
428:
172:
98:
436:
While the rift was healed by British mediation, it presaged the problems that would appear in the future.
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3833:
3410:
3242:
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2500:
1471:
357:
190:
2147:
3789:
3769:
3544:
3511:
3506:
2400:
1747:
1614:
1321:
293:
The National Republican Greek League was founded on 9 September 1941 by a former army officer, Colonel
484:
20–22 December: Battle against Italian forces at Ano Kalentini - Xirokampos - Velentziko - Koufalo of
3405:
3388:
3376:
2854:
2828:
2823:
2043:
1723:
1486:
251:
176:
1386:
3855:
3610:
3471:
2624:
1967:
1962:
1757:
1506:
1373:
3481:
3476:
3430:
3425:
3306:
2996:
2477:
2230:
2225:
1949:
1831:
1809:
1565:
1555:
1496:
646:
of Nazi Germany attempted for a short time to coopt the EDES forces, and to use them against the
2712:
2598:
2593:
2380:
2376:
2213:
1175:
345:
As the organization grew, it succeeded in establishing links with the British Headquarters in
3779:
3664:
3647:
3554:
3415:
3073:
2925:
2707:
2438:
2301:
1839:
1752:
1083:
840:
643:
3827:
3690:
3549:
3301:
3286:
2548:
2311:
1814:
1560:
1501:
2088:
8:
3841:
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3043:
3001:
2991:
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2650:
2614:
2588:
2563:
2415:
2390:
2356:
2351:
2321:
1932:
1799:
1670:
639:
431:
commandos, and EDES and ELAS forces. While the successful operation, one of the greatest
335:
310:
202:
194:
67:
3632:
3486:
3466:
3088:
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3048:
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2583:
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2326:
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2203:
1804:
1550:
1511:
1380:
1356:
746:
392:(ELAS), Zervas, accompanied by Pyromaglou and a handful of companions, set out for the
327:
186:
1274:
National Resistance Archives, 1941–1944. 4th Volume "EOEA-EDES Partisan Organizations"
1249:
National Resistance Archives, 1941–1944. 1st Volume "EOEA-EDES Partisan Organizations"
497:
20 May: Victorious battle against Italians and Cham Albanians at Agia Kyriaki village.
3806:
3764:
3705:
3657:
3637:
3440:
3337:
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91:
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863:
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365:
247:
1349:
Apple of Discord: A Survey of Recent Greek Politics in their International Setting
742:
3695:
3642:
3595:
3582:
3291:
3068:
3058:
3053:
3028:
2930:
2573:
2361:
2098:
1767:
1579:
1545:
1269:Αρχεία Εθνικής Αντίστασης, 1941–1944. Τόμος 2ος "Αντάρτικες Οργανώσεις ΕΟΕΑ-ΕΔΕΣ"
1267:
1244:Αρχεία Εθνικής Αντίστασης, 1941–1944. Τόμος 1ος "Αντάρτικες Οργανώσεις ΕΟΕΑ-ΕΔΕΣ"
1242:
1145:
1141:
765:
521:
16,19 September: Battles against Germans and Cham Albanians at Skala Paramythias.
504:
409:
294:
282:
270:
87:
63:
51:
16:
Greek resistance movement against its occupation by Germany and Italy during WWII
2965:
2143:
2895:
2782:
2568:
2558:
2184:
2152:
2115:
1944:
1826:
1609:
668:
405:
227:
168:
119:
1085:
The withered vine: logistics and the communist insurgency in Greece, 1945-1949
983:
The withered vine: logistics and the communist insurgency in Greece, 1945–1949
954:
376:
3900:
3700:
3680:
3138:
2672:
1879:
1844:
1624:
1391:
1376:
877:
855:
107:
3129:
Defenders of Northern Greece (YVE)/Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO)
3848:
3435:
2281:
2199:
2194:
2108:
2080:
2075:
2002:
1984:
1979:
1884:
1874:
1866:
1861:
1629:
1619:
860:
European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey
485:
471:
424:
261:
The largest of the non-communist resistance groups, its military wing, the
255:
650:, but this attempt failed and in July 1944 the EDES launched new attacks.
3652:
3276:
2689:
2127:
611:
586:
556:
440:
353:
54:(2nd from left) with fellow EDES officers Fotios Zambaras (1st from left)
2684:
1329:
573:
30 Juny: Victorious battle against Germans and Cham Albanians at Menina.
206:
2495:
2159:
1224:
Crown and Swastika: Greece of the Occupation and the Resistance, Vol. 2
1201:
Crown and Swastika: Greece of the Occupation and the Resistance, Vol. 1
563:
542:
323:
298:
115:
111:
1220:Στέμμα και Σβάστικα: Η Ελλάδα της Κατοχής και της Αντίστασης, Τόμος Β'
1197:Στέμμα και Σβάστικα: Η Ελλάδα της Κατοχής και της Αντίστασης, Τόμος Α'
868:
515:
370:
274:
2450:
2244:
792:
590:
432:
1317:
The Greek Civil War in the Aegialia and Kalavryta Area (1946–1949)
46:
3748:
541:
November–December: Battles against Germans and Cham Albanians at
511:
1265:
1240:
2870:
Organization for the Protection of the People's Struggle (OPLA)
2667:
2316:
1909:
1786:
1652:
1532:
963:] (Documentary) (in Greek). Cine-Video. 106-110 minutes in
664:
628:
449:
444:
281:, beginning a series of civil conflicts that would lead to the
1295:
Inside Hitler's Greece – The Experience of Occupation, 1941–44
503:
6 July: Victorious battle against Italian alpinists at Milia,
305:, and two companions, Leonidas Spais and Ilias Stamatopoulos.
567:
346:
2838:
466:
23 October - 24 November: Battle against Italian forces at
377:
Beginnings of armed resistance – The Gorgopotamos operation
339:
273:. From 1943 onwards, EDES came into confrontation with the
1374:
German Antiguerrilla Operations in The Balkans (1941–1944)
3785:
Museum of the Battle of Crete and the National Resistance
3580:
524:
30 September: Attack against German forces at Xirovouni.
3387:
1180:. Vol. 6. Berlin: LIT Verlag Münster. p. 182.
793:"The Cams of Albania and the Greek State (1923 - 1945)"
731:
European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire
653:
1147:
Hitler's Soldiers: The German Army in the Third Reich
582:
14 September: Battle of Dodona-Liberation of Lefkada.
301:
who had been expelled from the army after the failed
412:
would be the primary area of operations of the EDES
3593:
1051:
Occupation and resistance: the Greek agony, 1941-44
500:
22 June : Destruction of Spiliopotamos bridge.
2875:Slavic-Macedonian National Liberation Front (SNOF)
1292:
1276:]. Athens: Hellenic Army History Directorate.
1251:]. Athens: Hellenic Army History Directorate.
600:
2851:Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA)
510:8–20 September: Battles against German forces at
408:. From then and until the end of the Occupation,
3898:
2880:Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany (AKFD)
2620:Hellenic Socialist Patriotic Organisation (ESPO)
2042:
620:would reach the hands of EDES rather than ELAS.
269:(ΕΟΕΑ)) concentrated its military activities in
2860:United Panhellenic Organization of Youth (EPON)
538:, mainly against the EDES forces) at Tzoumerka.
2738:
1434:
1421:
688:
686:
684:
362:collaborationist actions during the Occupation
3375:
1407:
837:Introducing the Theorising Albanian Migration
1290:
728:
596:7–15 October: Battles against German forces.
338:, a friend and assistant of Plastiras, left
3134:Panhellenic Union of Fighting Youths (PEAN)
1109:
1075:
1041:
928:"Η μάχη της Νεράιδας, 30–31 Οκτωβρίου 1943"
834:
695:
681:
29:
1414:
1400:
1361:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1266:Hellenic Army History Directorate (1998).
1241:Hellenic Army History Directorate (1998).
1088:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 38.
853:
288:
232:Εθνικός Δημοκρατικός Ελληνικός Σύνδεσμος (
3328:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
3187:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
3110:National Bands of Greek Guerrillas (EOEA)
1343:
1217:
1194:
867:
358:expulsion of the Cham Albanians community
240:Ethnikós Dimokratikós Ellinikós Sýndesmos
37:Ethnikós Dimokratikós Ellinikós Sýndesmos
1299:. United States: Yale University Press.
1140:
1022:
1020:
1002:Ian Dear, Michael Richard Daniell Foot.
364:, which included atrocities and acts of
31:Εθνικός Δημοκρατικός Ελληνικός Σύνδεσμος
3159:Northern Epirus Liberation Front (MAVI)
3105:National Republican Greek League (EDES)
1313:
1115:
1081:
1047:
3899:
1226:] (in Greek). Athens: Papazissis.
1203:] (in Greek). Athens: Papazissis.
1173:
579:17–18 August: Conquest of Fort Menina.
3877:What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis?
3730:
3579:
3374:
3117:National and Social Liberation (EKKA)
2844:Greek People's Liberation Navy (ELAN)
2839:Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS)
2737:
2041:
1433:
1395:
1150:. Yale University Press. p. 89.
1122:. J.B. Lippincott Company. p. 87
1017:
790:
3149:National Organization of Crete (ΕΟΚ)
2921:Protests against labour mobilization
1119:The Greek dilemma: war and aftermath
1004:The Oxford companion to World War II
828:
784:
534:(with the eventual participation of
427:viaduct by a joint force of British
3338:Asopos Bridge (Operation "Washing")
1028:The origins of the Greek civil war
985:. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999
654:The civil war within the Resistance
576:11 August: Liberation of Margariti.
559:against Germans and Cham Albanians.
263:National Groups of Greek Guerrillas
13:
797:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
757:
455:
400:, an area with long traditions of
265:(Εθνικές Ομάδες Ελλήνων Ανταρτών,
14:
3953:
3731:
2834:Union of People's Democracy (ELD)
1048:Hondros, John Louis (June 1983).
470:and at wider mountainous area of
3932:1944 disestablishments in Greece
3907:National Republican Greek League
2243:
2170:
2074:
1978:
1943:
1908:
1860:
1825:
1785:
1686:
1651:
1590:
1531:
1436:1940–1941 Balkans Campaign
1006:. Oxford University Press, 2001
479:Operation Harling (Gorgopotamos)
267:Ethnikés Omádes Ellínon Antartón
224:National Republican Greek League
45:
24:National Republican Greek League
2829:Socialist Party of Greece (SKE)
2824:Communist Party of Greece (KKE)
2518:Rescue of the Jews of Zakynthos
1345:Woodhouse, Christopher Montague
1167:
1134:
1116:McNeill, William Hardy (1947).
996:
975:
953:Lamprinos, Fotis (dir) (1981).
946:
920:
911:
902:
893:
884:
847:
770:(in German). Ch. Links Verlag.
601:Accusations of collaborationism
2630:Greek National Socialist Party
2625:National Union of Greece (EEE)
1928:Central Macedonia Army Section
1923:Eastern Macedonia Army Section
1676:Western Macedonia Army Section
1054:. Pella Pub. Co. p. 171.
961:Aris Velouchiotis: The Dilemma
815:
722:
713:
704:
625:Greek People's Liberation Army
527:30–31 October: Battle against
390:Greek People's Liberation Army
1:
3927:1941 establishments in Greece
3345:Kidnapping of Heinrich Kreipe
764:Meyer, Hermann Frank (2008).
743:10.1080/13507486.2020.1803218
710:Fleischer (1990), pp. 154–155
674:
3912:Anti-communist organizations
3207:Execution of Josef Salminger
2044:Occupation and collaboration
1314:Stouras, Panagiotis (2016).
1082:Shrader, Charles R. (1999).
956:Άρης Βελουχιώτης: Το Δίλημμα
854:Baltsiotis, Lambros (2011).
585:22 September: Liberation of
7:
3581:Liberation and road to the
3243:Expulsion of Cham Albanians
2501:Jewish cemetery of Salonica
2352:Cephalonia (Acqui Division)
934:(in Greek). 31 October 2015
839:. Brighton & Portland:
352:The organization supported
199:Collaborationist government
10:
3958:
3814:Captain Corelli's Mandolin
3770:Holocaust Museum of Greece
2406:Larissa concentration camp
2401:Haidari concentration camp
1615:Sebastiano Visconti Prasca
1423:Greece during World War II
1370:Center of Military History
1322:University of Johannesburg
1218:Fleischer, Hagen (1995).
1195:Fleischer, Hagen (1990).
1188:
791:Manta, Eleftheria (2009).
763:
423:", the destruction of the
3798:
3775:Kalavryta Massacre Museum
3757:
3741:
3737:
3726:
3673:
3603:
3589:
3575:
3495:
3449:
3398:
3383:
3377:Greek government-in-exile
3370:
3315:
3269:
3255:
3235:
3174:
3097:
3021:
3014:
2987:5/42 Regiment dissolution
2974:
2888:
2816:
2765:
2754:
2750:
2733:
2700:
2638:
2607:
2541:
2530:
2511:Expropriation of property
2486:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
2476:
2424:
2294:
2241:
2168:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2050:
2037:
1976:
1941:
1906:
1897:
1858:
1823:
1783:
1776:
1735:
1722:
1684:
1649:
1642:
1588:
1529:
1522:
1459:
1446:
1442:
1429:
1320:(PhD thesis) (in Greek).
279:National Liberation Front
252:Axis occupation of Greece
246:)) was a major anti-Nazi
231:
182:
177:Greek government in exile
133:
125:
97:
83:
73:
59:
44:
30:
23:
3937:Anti-communism in Greece
3856:The 11th Day: Crete 1941
3611:National Bands Agreement
3472:Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
3257:British Military Mission
2865:National Solidarity (EA)
2434:Greek economy, 1941–1944
2148:Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller
1963:2nd New Zealand Division
1507:Italian spring offensive
1219:
1196:
1174:Kretsi, Georgia (2002).
908:Fleischer (1990), p. 247
899:Fleischer (1990), p. 241
890:Fleischer (1990), p. 238
719:Fleischer (1990), p. 388
701:Fleischer (1990), p. 154
692:Fleischer (1990), p. 150
250:group formed during the
129:ca.12,000 (October 1944)
3942:1940s in Greek politics
3917:Republicanism in Greece
3790:Thessaloniki War Museum
3482:Christodoulos Tsigantes
3477:Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos
3307:Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz
1968:6th Australian Division
1810:Konstantinos Bakopoulos
1556:Charalambos Katsimitros
562:29 Juny: Liberation of
404:stretching back to the
289:Foundation and ideology
158:Organization Bouboulina
3922:Epirus in World War II
2966:Killing of Franz Krech
2713:Executions of Kokkinia
2599:Dionysios Papadongonas
2594:Ioannis Plytzanopoulos
2008:1st Parachute Division
1727:(April–May 1941)
1575:Dimitrios Papadopoulos
663:the EDES positions in
360:, on account of their
3691:Archbishop Damaskinos
3648:Percentages agreement
3074:Konstantinos Ventiris
2461:Occupation Reichsmark
2013:5th Mountain Division
1840:Henry Maitland Wilson
1666:8th Infantry Division
1291:Mark Mazower (2001).
917:Stouras (2016), p. 94
841:Sussex Academic Press
617:1st Mountain Division
3863:The Guns of Navarone
3828:Ill Met by Moonlight
3507:3rd Mountain Brigade
3302:George Psychoundakis
3287:Patrick Leigh Fermor
2951:Pinerolo disarmament
2549:Georgios Tsolakoglou
1958:1st Armoured Brigade
1950:British Commonwealth
1832:British Commonwealth
1815:Georgios Tsolakoglou
1561:Konstantinos Davakis
1387:The Statutes of EDES
1177:Ethnologia Balkanica
981:Charles R. Shrader.
3842:Ipolochagos Natassa
3686:Georgios Papandreou
3462:Emmanouil Tsouderos
3333:Operation "Animals"
3323:Operation "Albumen"
3044:Komninos Pyromaglou
3002:Red Terror (Greece)
2946:1943 Athens protest
2911:Gorgopotamos Bridge
2808:Evripidis Bakirtzis
2756:National Liberation
2651:Alcibiades Diamandi
2615:Security Battalions
2589:George S. Mercouris
2564:Sotirios Gotzamanis
2506:Baron Hirsch ghetto
2133:XXII Mountain Corps
1933:Epirus Army Section
1671:Epirus Army Section
823:Paramythia_incident
640:Security Battalions
634:On the other hand,
608:XXII Mountain Corps
555:30 March Battle in
336:Komninos Pyromaglou
303:coup d'état of 1935
203:Security Battalions
195:Kingdom of Bulgaria
84:Active regions
68:Komninos Pyromaglou
3780:Kalpaki War Museum
3633:Lebanon Conference
3499:in the Middle East
3497:Greek Armed Forces
3487:Pafsanias Katsotas
3467:Sofoklis Venizelos
3154:Hellenic Army (ES)
3089:Kimonas Zografakis
3064:Vasileios Sachinis
3049:Antonis Fosteridis
3015:Non-EAM resistance
2680:Cham collaboration
2661:Vassilis Rapotikas
2584:Nikolaos Bourantas
2579:Friedrich Schubert
2554:K. Logothetopoulos
2204:Carlo Vecchiarelli
1805:Alexandros Papagos
1551:Alexandros Papagos
1381:United States Army
1324:. pp. 1–513.
862:(in French) (12).
328:Nikolaos Plastiras
187:Royal Italian Army
75:Dates of operation
3894:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3807:Aera! Aera! Aera!
3765:Athens War Museum
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3706:Nikos Zachariadis
3658:Treaty of Varkiza
3643:Operation "Manna"
3638:Caserta Agreement
3571:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3426:April 1944 mutiny
3366:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3292:Bill Stanley Moss
3251:
3250:
3202:Skala Paramythias
3079:Manolis Paterakis
3039:Dimitrios Psarros
3034:Georgios Kartalis
3010:
3009:
2982:Feneos executions
2793:Alexandros Svolos
2773:Aris Velouchiotis
2729:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2656:Nicolaos Matussis
2526:
2525:
2411:200 of Kaisariani
2290:
2289:
2121:LXVIII Army Corps
2094:Hermann Neubacher
2089:Günther Altenburg
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2020:
1998:XXXX Panzer Corps
1893:
1892:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1638:
1637:
1451:(1940–1941)
1448:Greco-Italian War
1095:978-0-275-96544-0
1061:978-0-918618-24-5
1036:978-0-582-06472-0
1030:. Longman, 1995,
1012:978-0-19-860446-4
991:978-0-275-96544-0
869:10.4000/ejts.4444
777:978-3-86153-447-1
636:Stylianos Gonatas
474:, during 22 days.
421:Operation Harling
402:guerrilla warfare
398:Aetolia-Acarnania
334:On the same day,
220:
219:
104:Greek nationalism
92:Aetolia-Acarnania
3949:
3739:
3738:
3728:
3727:
3624:
3601:
3600:
3591:
3590:
3577:
3576:
3396:
3395:
3389:Greek government
3385:
3384:
3372:
3371:
3350:Damasta sabotage
3267:
3266:
3019:
3018:
2855:National Council
2803:Markos Vafeiadis
2798:Ilias Tsirimokos
2788:Georgios Siantos
2778:Stefanos Sarafis
2763:
2762:
2752:
2751:
2735:
2734:
2539:
2538:
2532:Collaborationist
2469:
2278:
2266:
2248:
2247:
2222:
2190:Pellegrino Ghigi
2175:
2174:
2140:Alexander Andrae
2079:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2052:
2051:
2039:
2038:
1993:XVIII Army Corps
1983:
1982:
1948:
1947:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1903:
1865:
1864:
1850:Bernard Freyberg
1830:
1829:
1790:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1743:Operation Lustre
1733:
1732:
1728:
1691:
1690:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1605:Benito Mussolini
1595:
1594:
1570:Ioannis Pitsikas
1536:
1535:
1527:
1526:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1443:
1431:
1430:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1366:
1360:
1352:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1310:
1298:
1287:
1262:
1237:
1214:
1182:
1181:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1142:Shepherd, Ben H.
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1045:
1039:
1026:David H. Close.
1024:
1015:
1000:
994:
979:
973:
972:
970:
968:
950:
944:
943:
941:
939:
932:Ελληνικά Χρονικά
924:
918:
915:
909:
906:
900:
897:
891:
888:
882:
881:
871:
851:
845:
844:
832:
826:
819:
813:
812:
810:
808:
788:
782:
781:
761:
755:
754:
726:
720:
717:
711:
708:
702:
699:
693:
690:
394:Valtos Mountains
366:ethnic cleansing
237:
166:
76:
49:
40:
39:
34:
33:
32:
21:
20:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3882:
3799:Popular culture
3794:
3753:
3733:
3710:
3696:Georgios Grivas
3669:
3618:
3616:Plaka agreement
3585:
3559:
3498:
3491:
3445:
3390:
3379:
3354:
3311:
3282:Monty Woodhouse
3247:
3231:
3170:
3093:
3069:Lela Karagianni
3059:Ilias Degiannis
3054:Kostas Perrikos
3029:Napoleon Zervas
3006:
2970:
2941:Kournovo Tunnel
2884:
2812:
2757:
2746:
2717:
2696:
2634:
2603:
2574:Georgios Poulos
2533:
2522:
2472:
2463:
2456:Compulsory loan
2426:
2420:
2286:
2272:
2270:Trifon Trifonov
2260:
2242:
2237:
2226:VIII Army Corps
2216:
2169:
2164:
2099:Walter Schimana
2073:
2065:
2056:
2046:
2017:
1977:
1972:
1942:
1937:
1907:
1889:
1859:
1854:
1824:
1819:
1784:
1772:
1726:
1725:
1724:German invasion
1710:
1685:
1680:
1650:
1634:
1589:
1584:
1580:Georgios Kosmas
1546:Ioannis Metaxas
1530:
1518:
1450:
1449:
1438:
1425:
1420:
1354:
1353:
1334:
1332:
1307:
1284:
1259:
1234:
1221:
1211:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1046:
1042:
1025:
1018:
1001:
997:
980:
976:
966:
964:
952:
951:
947:
937:
935:
926:
925:
921:
916:
912:
907:
903:
898:
894:
889:
885:
852:
848:
833:
829:
820:
816:
806:
804:
789:
785:
778:
762:
758:
727:
723:
718:
714:
709:
705:
700:
696:
691:
682:
677:
656:
603:
458:
456:List of battles
379:
295:Napoleon Zervas
291:
283:Greek Civil War
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
175:
171:
167:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
118:
114:
110:
106:
90:
74:
66:
64:Napoleon Zervas
55:
52:Napoleon Zervas
35:
28:
27:
26:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3955:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3810:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3745:
3743:
3735:
3734:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3598:
3587:
3586:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3555:336th Squadron
3552:
3550:335th Squadron
3547:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3518:Vasilissa Olga
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3457:King George II
3453:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3399:Events/Battles
3393:
3381:
3380:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3297:Themis Marinos
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3264:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3084:Petrakogiorgis
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2896:Drama uprising
2892:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2783:Andreas Tzimas
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2760:
2748:
2747:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2569:Georgios Bakos
2566:
2561:
2559:Ioannis Rallis
2556:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2536:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2488:
2482:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2267:
2254:
2252:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2214:III Army Corps
2211:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2185:Angelico Carta
2181:
2179:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2153:Fortress Crete
2137:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2116:Hellmuth Felmy
2113:
2112:
2111:
2104:Alexander Löhr
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2067:
2058:
2048:
2047:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1800:King George II
1796:
1794:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1758:Kleisoura Pass
1755:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1730:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1610:Galeazzo Ciano
1607:
1601:
1599:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1461:
1454:
1440:
1439:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1367:
1341:
1311:
1305:
1288:
1282:
1263:
1257:
1238:
1232:
1215:
1209:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1166:
1157:978-0300219524
1156:
1133:
1108:
1094:
1074:
1060:
1040:
1016:
995:
974:
945:
919:
910:
901:
892:
883:
846:
827:
814:
783:
776:
756:
721:
712:
703:
694:
679:
678:
676:
673:
669:Cham Albanians
655:
652:
623:The left wing
602:
599:
598:
597:
594:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
560:
547:
546:
539:
525:
522:
519:
508:
501:
498:
489:
488:
482:
475:
457:
454:
406:Ottoman period
378:
375:
290:
287:
218:
217:
211:Balli Kombëtar
184:
180:
179:
169:Organization X
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
120:Anti-communism
101:
95:
94:
85:
81:
80:
77:
71:
70:
61:
57:
56:
50:
42:
41:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3954:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3756:
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3732:Commemoration
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3701:Angelos Evert
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3139:Prometheus II
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3122:5/42 Regiment
3120:
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3098:Organizations
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2478:The Holocaust
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2014:
2011:
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1880:Sepp Dietrich
1878:
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1845:Thomas Blamey
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1625:Ugo Cavallero
1623:
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1566:Markos Drakos
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1477:Korytsa/Korcë
1475:
1473:
1472:Elaia–Kalamas
1470:
1468:
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1377:Washington DC
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1306:0-300-08923-6
1302:
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1283:960-7897-30-7
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1258:960-7897-29-3
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1233:960-02-1079-9
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1210:960-02-0764-X
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477:25 November:
476:
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329:
325:
320:
319:4th of August
314:
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284:
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272:
268:
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259:
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159:
155:
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147:
143:
139:
136:
132:
128:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
108:Republicanism
105:
102:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
72:
69:
65:
62:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
22:
19:
3875:
3862:
3854:
3849:Mediterraneo
3847:
3840:
3826:
3812:
3805:
3665:White Terror
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3192:Agia Kyriaki
3182:ESPO bombing
3164:
3104:
2936:Sarantaporos
2906:Mikro Chorio
2646:Roman Legion
2491:Thessaloniki
2439:Great Famine
2427:exploitation
2282:Asen Sirakov
2200:Carlo Geloso
2195:Piero Parini
2144:Bruno Bräuer
2109:Army Group E
2003:Luftflotte 4
1885:Kurt Student
1875:Wilhelm List
1748:Metaxas Line
1630:Carlo Geloso
1620:Ubaldo Soddu
1497:Klisura Pass
1348:
1333:. Retrieved
1330:10210/227069
1316:
1294:
1273:
1268:
1248:
1243:
1223:
1200:
1176:
1169:
1161:
1146:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1118:
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1084:
1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1050:
1043:
998:
977:
965:. Retrieved
960:
955:
948:
936:. Retrieved
931:
922:
913:
904:
895:
886:
859:
849:
836:
830:
817:
805:. Retrieved
800:
796:
786:
766:
759:
737:(1): 50–73.
734:
730:
724:
715:
706:
697:
657:
633:
622:
604:
549:
548:
529:
491:
490:
460:
459:
438:
425:Gorgopotamos
418:
413:
387:
380:
351:
344:
333:
318:
315:
307:
292:
266:
260:
256:World War II
243:
239:
233:
223:
221:
36:
18:
3653:Dekemvriana
3619: [
3594:Prelude to
3539:Papanikolis
3512:Sacred Band
3416:Wadi Akarit
3406:Mareth Line
3277:Eddie Myers
2926:Fardykambos
2758:Front (EAM)
2744:Free Greece
2690:Xhemil Dino
2464: [
2377:Kallikratis
2273: [
2261: [
2258:Ivan Markov
2217: [
2128:Hubert Lanz
2064:Leaders and
1763:Thermopylae
1487:Morava–Ivan
1335:18 November
967:10 December
612:Hubert Lanz
587:Igoumenitsa
557:Thesprotiko
514:, Pramada,
468:Skoulikaria
441:Peloponnese
354:irredentism
191:German Army
161: [
3901:Categories
3628:Red Terror
3421:Dodecanese
3411:El Alamein
3316:Operations
3236:Atrocities
3175:Operations
2975:Atrocities
2961:Agorelitsa
2889:Operations
2740:Resistance
2708:Paramythia
2701:Atrocities
2534:government
2496:Zvi Koretz
2416:Chortiatis
2381:Kali Sykia
2295:Atrocities
2231:XXVI Corps
2160:Max Merten
1502:Trebeshina
1126:16 October
1101:16 October
1067:16 October
807:19 January
675:References
610:commander
564:Paramythia
543:Thesprotia
371:war crimes
324:Venizelist
299:Venizelist
248:resistance
116:Venizelism
112:Liberalism
3596:Civil War
3583:civil war
3441:Santorini
3212:Xirovouni
3165:others...
2992:Meligalas
2396:Kleisoura
2357:Mesovouno
2342:Domenikon
2332:Lingiades
2327:Kalavryta
2312:Alikianos
2302:Kondomari
2209:11th Army
2055:Occupying
1706:11th Army
1357:cite book
1351:. London.
878:1773-0546
751:225206762
644:12th Army
530:Edelweiss
516:Kalarites
311:George II
275:communist
183:Opponents
79:1941–1944
3532:Katsonis
3391:in exile
2685:Këshilla
2451:DEGRIGES
2425:Economic
2307:Kandanos
2250:Bulgaria
2066:commands
1701:9th Army
1512:Hill 731
1347:(1948).
1144:(2016).
1038:, p. 106
1014:, p. 403
993:. p. 34.
591:Filiates
532:Division
433:sabotage
414:andartes
326:general
215:EAM/ELAS
207:Këshilla
99:Ideology
3758:Museums
3749:Ohi Day
3259: (
3217:Trahili
2916:Meritsa
2386:Anogeia
2372:Viannos
2367:Vorizia
2347:Drakeia
2337:Distomo
2322:Kommeno
2081:Germany
1985:Germany
1867:Germany
1777:Leaders
1736:Battles
1523:Leaders
1482:Saranda
1460:Battles
1189:Sources
938:1 April
512:Metsovo
254:during
60:Leaders
3742:Events
3674:People
3604:Events
3525:Adrias
3450:People
3431:Rimini
3270:People
3227:Dodona
3222:Menina
3144:Apollo
3022:People
2997:Kilkis
2956:Steiri
2766:People
2668:Ohrana
2542:People
2391:Kedros
2362:Pyrgoi
2317:Doxato
2057:powers
1915:Greece
1792:Greece
1658:Greece
1538:Greece
1492:Himara
1467:Pindus
1303:
1280:
1255:
1230:
1207:
1154:
1092:
1058:
1034:
1010:
989:
876:
774:
749:
665:Epirus
629:Athens
505:Epirus
450:Achaea
445:Patras
410:Epirus
271:Epirus
134:Allies
88:Epirus
3623:]
3197:Milia
2931:Porta
2468:]
2277:]
2265:]
2221:]
2177:Italy
1899:Units
1768:Crete
1693:Italy
1643:Units
1597:Italy
1272:[
1247:[
1222:[
1199:[
959:[
747:S2CID
568:Parga
347:Cairo
277:-led
228:Greek
165:]
3869:film
3834:film
3820:film
3436:Symi
2901:Ryka
2853:and
2742:and
2444:GWRA
2379:and
2202:and
2146:and
1753:Vevi
1568:and
1363:link
1337:2020
1301:ISBN
1278:ISBN
1253:ISBN
1228:ISBN
1205:ISBN
1152:ISBN
1128:2010
1103:2010
1090:ISBN
1069:2010
1056:ISBN
1032:ISBN
1008:ISBN
987:ISBN
969:2021
940:2018
874:ISSN
821:See
809:2024
803:(29)
772:ISBN
660:ELAS
648:ELAS
589:and
566:and
550:1944
536:ELAS
492:1943
486:Arta
472:Arta
461:1942
340:Nice
297:, a
244:EDES
234:ΕΔΕΣ
222:The
154:MAVI
146:PEAN
138:EKKA
126:Size
3261:SOE
1326:hdl
864:doi
739:doi
429:SOE
396:in
383:EAM
173:SOE
150:EOK
142:PAO
3903::
3621:el
2466:el
2275:bg
2263:bg
2219:it
2142:,
1379::
1372:,
1359:}}
1355:{{
1160:.
1019:^
930:.
872:.
858:.
799:.
795:.
745:.
735:28
733:.
683:^
671:.
416:.
285:.
258:.
238:,
230::
163:el
3263:)
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