460:, aiming to provide a ready-to-use tool for users with less mathematical and programing background. Number of parameters, also pointed as relatively sparse for a bioenergetic model, vary depending on the main application and, because the whole life cycle of an organism is defined, the overall number of parameters per data-set ratio is relatively low. Linking the DEB (abstract) and measured properties is done by simple mathematical operations which include auxiliary parameters (also defined by the DEB theory and included in the
39:(energy and mass budgets) of all living organisms at the individual level, based on assumptions about energy uptake, storage, and utilization of various substances. The DEB theory adheres to stringent thermodynamic principles, is motivated by universally observed patterns, is non-species specific, and links different levels of biological organization (
508:, which prompted side-by-side analysis of the two approaches. Though the two theories can be regarded as complementary to an extent, they were built on different assumptions and have different scope of applicability. In addition to a more general applicability, the DEB theory does not suffer from consistency issues pointed out for the WBE theory.
221:. Under constant environmental conditions (constant food and temperature) the standard DEB model can be simplified to the von Bertalanffy (or better, Putter's ) growth model, but its mechanistic process-based setup enables incorporating fluctuating environmental conditions, as well as studying reproduction and maturation in parallel to growth.
135:. Assimilation of energy is proportional to surface area of the structure, and maintenance is proportional to its volume. Reserve does not require maintenance. Energy mobilization will depend on the relative amount of the energy reserve, and on the interface between reserve and structure. Once mobilized, the energy is split into two branches:
595:
of the organism. Rules for the co-variation of parameter values across species are implied by model assumptions, and the parameter values can be directly compared without dimensional inconsistencies which might be linked to allometric parameters. Any eco-physiological quantity that can be written as
66:
The explicitness of the assumptions and the resulting predictions enable testing against a wide variety of experimental results at the various levels of biological organization. The theory explains many general observations, such as the body size scaling relationships of certain physiological traits,
432:
The main criticism is directed to the formal presentation of the theory (heavy mathematical jargon), number of listed parameters, the symbol heavy notation, and the fact that modeled (state) variables and parameters are abstract quantities which cannot be directly measured, all making it less likely
319:
applies, i.e. the chemical composition of the body is constant). The state variables of the individual are 1 reserve, 1 structure, maturity, and (in the adult stage) the reproduction buffer. Parameter values are constant throughout life. The reserve density at birth equals that of the mother at egg
547:
Generality of the approach and applicability of the same mathematical framework to organisms of different species and life stages enables inter- and intra-species comparisons on the basis of parameter values, and theoretical/empirical exploration of patterns in parameter values in the evolutionary
436:
However, more recent publications aim to present the DEB theory in an "easier to digest" content to "bridge the ecology-mathematics gap". List of parameters is a direct result of list of processes which are of interest—if only growth under constant food and temperature is of interest, the standard
75:
The theory presents simple mechanistic rules that describe the uptake and allocation of energy (and nutrients) and the consequences for physiological organization throughout an organism's life cycle, including the relationships of energetics with aging and effects of toxicants. Assumptions of the
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shows which particular compound parameters can be estimated from a few simple observations at a single food density and how an increasing number of parameters can be estimated if more quantities are observed at several food densities. A natural sequence exists in which parameters can be known in
1976:
Lika, Konstadia; Kearney, Michael R.; Freitas, Vânia; Veer, Henk W. van der; Meer, Jaap van der; Wijsman, Johannes W.M.; Pecquerie, Laure; Kooijman, Sebastiaan A.L.M. (2011). "The "covariation method" for estimating the parameters of the standard
Dynamic Energy Budget model I: Philosophy and
249:
A fixed fraction (kappa) of mobilized reserve is allocated to somatic maintenance plus growth (soma), the rest on maturity maintenance plus maturation or reproduction. Maintenance has priority over other processes. Somatic maintenance is proportional to structural body volume, and maturity
503:
Dynamic energy budget theory presents a quantitative framework of metabolic organization common to all life forms, which could help to understand evolution of metabolic organization since the origin of life. As such, it has a common aim with the other widely used metabolic theory: the
189:, and is constant (the assumption of strong homeostasis) but not necessarily identical. Biochemical transformation from food to reserve (assimilation), and from reserve to structure (growth) include overhead costs. These overheads, together with processes of somatic and maturity
76:
DEB theory are delineated in an explicit way, the approach clearly distinguishes mechanisms associated with intra‐ and interspecific variation in metabolic rates, and equations for energy flows are mathematically derived following the principles of physics and simplicity.
437:
DEB model can be simplified to the von
Bertalanffy growth curve. Adding more processes into focus (such as reproduction and/or maturation), and forcing the model with fluctuating (dynamic) environmental conditions, needless to say, will result in more parameters.
236:
of the model) tracks how much energy has been invested into maturation, and therefore determines the life stage of the organism relative to maturity levels at which life stage transitions (birth and puberty) occur. Dynamics of the state variables are given by
257:
exceeds threshold values. Life stages typically are: embryo, juvenile, and adult. Reserve that is allocated to reproduction is first accumulated in a buffer. The rules for converting the buffer to gametes are species-specific (e.g. spawning can be once per
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the remaining proportion (1- κ) is allocated to processes of maturation (increase in complexity, installation of regulation systems, preparation for reproduction) and maintaining the level of attained maturity (including, e.g., maintenance of defense
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inclusion of more reserves (which is necessary for organisms that do not feed on other organisms) and more structures (which is necessary to deal with plants), or a simplified version of the model (DEBkiss) applicable in ecotoxicology
245:
Food is transformed into reserve, which fuels all other metabolic processes. The feeding rate is proportional to the surface area; food handling time and the transformation efficiency from food to reserve are independent of food
51:) as prescribed by the implications of energetics. Models based on the DEB theory have been successfully applied to over 1000 species with real-life applications ranging from conservation, aquaculture, general ecology, and
2725:
Lika, Konstadia; Kearney, Michael R.; Kooijman, Sebastiaan A.L.M. (2011). "The "covariation method" for estimating the parameters of the standard
Dynamic Energy Budget model II: Properties and preliminary patterns".
1623:
Sarà, Gianluca; Rinaldi, Alessandro; Montalto, Valeria (2014-12-01). "Thinking beyond organism energy use: a trait-based bioenergetic mechanistic approach for predictions of life history traits in marine organisms".
2012:
Kooijman, S. A. L. M.; Sousa, T.; Pecquerie, L.; Meer, J. Van Der; Jager, T. (2008-11-01). "From food-dependent statistics to metabolic parameters, a practical guide to the use of dynamic energy budget theory".
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Llandres, Ana L.; Marques, Gonçalo M.; Maino, James L.; Kooijman, S. A. L. M.; Kearney, Michael R.; Casas, Jérôme (2015-08-01). "A dynamic energy budget for the whole life-cycle of holometabolous insects".
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Mueller, Casey A.; Augustine, Starrlight; Kooijman, Sebastiaan A.L.M.; Kearney, Michael R.; Seymour, Roger S. (2012). "The trade-off between maturation and growth during accelerated development in frogs".
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and provides a theoretical underpinning to the widely used method of indirect calorimetry. Several popular empirical models are special cases of the DEB model, or very close numerical approximations.
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Models based on DEB theory can be linked to more traditional bioenergetic models without deviating from the underlying assumptions. This allows comparison and testing of model performance .
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All dynamic energy budget models follow the energy budget of an individual organism throughout its life cycle; by contrast,"static" energy budget models describe a specific life stage or
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and reproduction overheads (inefficiencies in transformation from reserve to reproductive material), all contribute to the consumption of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide, i.e.
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Marquet, Pablo A.; Allen, Andrew P.; Brown, James H.; Dunne, Jennifer A.; Enquist, Brian J.; Gillooly, James F.; Gowaty, Patricia A.; Green, Jessica L.; Harte, John (2014-08-01).
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Jager, Tjalling; Heugens, Evelyn H. W.; Kooijman, Sebastiaan A. L. M. (2006-04-01). "Making Sense of
Ecotoxicological Test Results: Towards Application of Process-based Models".
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A DEB-module (physiological model based on DEB theory) was successfully applied to reconstruct and predict physiological responses of individuals under environmental constraints
520:
project is a collection of DEB models for over 1000 species, and explores patterns in parameter values across taxa. Routines for parameter exploration are available in
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maintenance to maturity. Heating costs for endotherms and osmotic work (for fresh water organisms) are somatic maintenance costs that are proportional to surface area.
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of the model are individual specific, but similarities between individuals of the same species yield species-specific parameter estimations. DEB parameters are
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DEB theory provides constraints on the metabolic organisation of sub-cellular processes. Together with rules for interaction between individuals (competition,
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that contribute to physical volume, and (in combination with reproduction buffer of adults) fully define the size of an individual. Maturity (also a
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Kooijman, S.A.L.M.; Pecquerie, L.; Augustine, S.; Jusup, M. (2011). "Scenarios for acceleration in fish development and the role of metamorphosis".
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Kearney, Michael; Porter, Warren (2009-04-01). "Mechanistic niche modelling: combining physiological and spatial data to predict species' ranges".
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of an organism. The main advantage of the DEB-theory based model over most other models is its description of energy assimilation and utilization (
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Brown, James H.; Gillooly, James F.; Allen, Andrew P.; Savage, Van M.; West, Geoffrey B. (2004-07-01). "Toward a
Metabolic Theory of Ecology".
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project portal - collection of species for which DEB model parameter values were estimated and implications, inter-species parameter patterns
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Kooijman, S. A. L. M. (2013-03-01). "Waste to hurry: dynamic energy budgets explain the need of wasting to fully exploit blooming resources".
552:, energy utilization in a specific environment, reproduction, comparative energetics, and toxicological sensitivity linked to metabolic rates.
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project explores parameter pattern values across taxa. The DEB notation is a result of combining the symbols from the main fields of science (
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principle. In addition, routines for data entry and scripts for parameter estimation are available as a free and documented software package
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Kooijman, Sebastiaan A.L.M.; Lika, Konstadia (2014). "Comparative energetics of the 5 fish classes on the basis of dynamic energy budgets".
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Jager, Tjalling; Martin, Benjamin T.; Zimmer, Elke I. (2013). "DEBkiss or the quest for the simplest generic model of animal life history".
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van der Meer, Jaap; Klok, Chris; Kearney, Michael R.; Wijsman, Jeroen W.M.; Kooijman, Sebastiaan A.L.M. (2014). "35years of DEB research".
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which include the major processes of energy uptake and use: assimilation, mobilization, maintenance, growth, maturation, and reproduction.
524:
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Huey, Raymond B.; Kearney, Michael R.; Krockenberger, Andrew; Holtum, Joseph A. M.; Jess, Mellissa; Williams, Stephen E. (2012-06-19).
491:) used in the theory, while trying to keep the symbols consistent. As the symbols themselves contain a fair bit of information (see
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182:') reaches a certain threshold. Maturity does not increase in the adult stage, and maturity maintenance is proportional to maturity.
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from several types of data simultaneously. Routines for data entry and parameter estimation are available as free software package
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van der Meer, Jaap (2006). "An introduction to
Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) models with special emphasis on parameter estimation".
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170:, which both feeds and is allocating energy to reproduction. Transitions between these life stages occur at events specified as
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Baas, Jan; Kooijman, Sebastiaan A. L. M. (2015-04-01). "Sensitivity of animals to chemical compounds links to metabolic rate".
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White, Craig R.; Kearney, Michael R.; Matthews, Philip G. D.; Kooijman, Sebastiaan A. L. M.; Marshall, Dustin J. (2011-12-01).
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function of DEB parameters which co-vary with size can, for this reason, also be written as function of the maximum body size.
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Kooijman, S. a. L. M. (1986-02-01). "What the hen can tell about her eggs: egg development on the basis of energy budgets".
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Lika, Konstadia; Nisbet, Roger M. (2000-10-01). "A Dynamic Energy Budget model based on partitioning of net production".
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Lika, Konstadia; Kooijman, Sebastiaan A.L.M. (2011). "The comparative topology of energy allocation in budget models".
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Mathematical
Ecology - Proceedings Of The Autumn Course Research Seminars International Ctr For Theoretical Physics
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Jager, Tjalling; Zimmer, Elke I. (2012). "Simplified
Dynamic Energy Budget model for analysing ecotoxicity data".
939:"Quantitative steps in the evolution of metabolic organisation as specified by the Dynamic Energy Budget theory"
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Kooijman, Sebastiaan A. L. M.; Lika, Konstadia (2014-11-01). "Resource allocation to reproduction in animals".
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substrate(s) from the environment is/are first converted to reserve(s) before being used for further metabolism
2919:"The bijection from data to parameter space with the standard DEB model quantifies the supply–demand spectrum"
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Jusup, Marko; Sousa, Tânia; Domingos, Tiago; Labinac, Velimir; Marn, Nina; Wang, Zhen; Klanjšček, Tin (2017).
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Jager, Tjalling; Vandenbrouck, Tine; Baas, Jan; Coen, Wim M. De; Kooijman, Sebastiaan A. L. M. (2010-02-01).
1831:"What is the status of metabolic theory one century after Pütter invented the von Bertalanffy growth curve?"
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In the context of energy acquisition and allocation, the theory recognizes three main developmental stages:
118:(composition of compartments is constant; composition of the organism is constant when the food is constant)
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relationships: The assumptions of the model quantify all energy and mass fluxes in an organism (including
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603:, prey-predator relationships), it also provides a basis to understand population and ecosystem dynamics.
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3278:- main page with links to events, software tools, collections, research groups etc. linked to DEB theory
2448:"Predicting organismal vulnerability to climate warming: roles of behaviour, physiology and adaptation"
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Marques, G. M., Lika, K., Augustine, S., Pecquerie, L., Domingos, T. and
Kooijman, S. A. L. M (2018).
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the production of free radicals (linked to size and nutritional status) and their effect on survival (
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Kooijman, S.A.L.M. (2014). "Metabolic acceleration in animal ontogeny: An evolutionary perspective".
579:. In addition, same parameters describe same processes across species: for example, heating costs of
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Maino, James L.; Kearney, Michael R.; Nisbet, Roger M.; Kooijman, Sebastiaan A. L. M. (2014-01-01).
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1510:"The von Bertalanffy growth rate as a function of physiological parameters: a comparative analysis"
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develop similarly, but receive unrestricted amount of reserve from the mother during development.
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544:) for modeling the sublethal effects of toxicants (e.g., change in reproduction or growth rate)
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The κ-rule therefore states that the processes of growth and maturation do not directly compete.
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2966:"Environmental effects on growth, reproduction, and life-history traits of loggerhead turtles"
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Lika, Konstadia; Augustine, Starrlight; Pecquerie, Laure; Kooijman, Sebastiaan A.L.M. (2014).
583:(proportional to surface area) are regarded separate to volume-linked metabolic costs of both
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non-standard embryo->juvenile->adult transitions, for example in holometabolic insects
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Dynamic energy budgets in biological systems : theory and applications in ecotoxicology
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Scientific articles including a general (aimed at ecologists) overview of the DEB theory:
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processes of adaptation (gene expression) to the availability of substrates (important in
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2667:"A biology-based approach for mixture toxicity of multiple endpoints over the life cycle"
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Kearney, Michael; Simpson, Stephen J.; Raubenheimer, David; Helmuth, Brian (2010-11-12).
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59:). The theory is contributing to the theoretical underpinning of the emerging field of
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Marn, Nina; Jusup, Marko; Legović, Tarzan; Kooijman, S.A.L.M.; Klanjšček, Tin (2017).
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Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
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which provides a single quantitative framework to dynamically describe the aspects of
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1899:"The AmP project: Comparing Species on the Basis of Dynamic Energy Budget Parameters"
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Kooijman, S.A.L.M. (1986-08-07). "Energy budgets can explain body size relations".
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1055:. Kooijman, S. A. L. M. (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
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routines), and include also switching between energy-time and mass-time contexts.
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The general methodology of estimation of DEB parameters from data is described in
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Many more examples of applications have been published in scientific literature.
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315:) that feeds on one type of food with a constant composition (therefore the weak
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences
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Zonneveld, C; Kooijman, S (1993). "Comparative kinetics of embryo development".
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences
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Nisbet, Roger M.; Jusup, Marko; Klanjscek, Tin; Pecquerie, Laure (2012-03-15).
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Summary of concepts of Dynamic Energy Budget theory for metabolic organisation
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Sousa, Tânia; Domingos, Tiago; Poggiale, J.-C.; Kooijman, S. A. L. M. (2010).
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Biochemical composition of reserve and structure is considered to be that of
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Compatibility (and applicability) of DEB theory/models with other approaches
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2219:"Dynamic Energy Budget Theory: An Efficient and General Theory for Ecology"
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A DEB-module is also featured in the eco-toxicological mechanistic models (
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877:"Quantitative aspects of metabolic organization: a discussion of concepts"
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to reach its intended audience (ecologists) and be an "efficient" theory.
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390:) on parameter values and the hazard rate (which is useful to establish
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the formation and excretion of metabolic products (which is a basis for
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The theory specifies that an organism is made up two main compartments:
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Nisbet, R. M.; Muller, E. B.; Lika, K.; Kooijman, S. A. L. M. (2008).
685:"From empirical patterns to theory: a formal metabolic theory of life"
295:. Estimated parameters are collected in the online library called the
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An introduction to modelling and statistics is given in the document
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1229:"From molecules to ecosystems through dynamic energy budget models"
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A list and description of most common typified models can be found
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environment, with the process of model construction explained in a
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Kearney, Michael R.; Domingos, Tiago; Nisbet, Roger (2015-04-01).
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2312:"A Manipulative Test of Competing Theories for Metabolic Scaling"
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143:(increase of structural mass) and maintenance of structure, while
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needs to be paid before allocating energy to other processes.
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1587:"The Basic Dynamic Energy Budget Model and Some Implications"
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Sousa, Tânia; Domingos, Tiago; Kooijman, S. A. L. M. (2008).
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1163:"Dynamic energy budget theory restores coherence in biology"
817:
van der Meer, Jaap (2006). "Metabolic theories in ecology".
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inclusion of more types of food (substrate), which requires
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DEB theory has been extended into many directions, such as
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206:
2011:
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A 16-page introduction to the DEB theory is presented in
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1512:. In Hallam, G Thomas; Gross, J. L.; Levin, A.S. (eds.).
758:
591:, and cost of growth, even though they all contribute to
253:
Stage transitions occur if the cumulated investment into
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2367:
1226:
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document), they are kept in most of the DEB literature.
3290:- collection of scientific literature on the DEB theory
2505:"Modelling the ecological niche from functional traits"
1132:
Dynamic Energy Budget Theory for Metabolic Organisation
139:
a fixed proportion (termed kappa, κ) is allocated to
3184:
The Dynamics of Physiologically Structured Populations
2175:
1975:
2216:
1053:
Dynamic energy and mass budgets in biological systems
682:
213:) simultaneously with decoupled processes of growth,
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506:
West-Brown-Enquist (WBE) metabolic theory of ecology
2724:
1622:
1447:Kearney, Michael R.; White, Craig R. (2012-11-01).
937:Kooijman, S. A. L. M.; Troost, T. A. (2007-02-01).
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307:The standard model quantifies the metabolism of an
2132:
1745:
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336:effects of changes in shape during growth (e.g.
311:(organism that does not change in shape during
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228:as separate from structure: these are the two
2402:
1324:"Zotero DEB library of scientific literature"
98:relationships between surface area and volume
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1961:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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1273:"Reconciling theories for metabolic scaling"
1083:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1031:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
816:
3182:. In Metz, Johan A.; Diekmann, Odo (eds.).
2102:
16:Ecological mathematical model of metabolism
1687:
166:, which feeds but does not reproduce, and
3180:"Population dynamics on basis of budgets"
2698:
2617:
2536:
2479:
2278:
2234:
2193:
1932:
1922:
1854:
1653:
1602:
1288:
1244:
1194:
1003:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
954:
908:
784:
716:
302:
70:
3177:
2881:
2830:
2795:
1536:
1507:
1128:
874:
1828:
107:organizational uncoupling of metabolic
3302:
2720:
2718:
2256:
2254:
2128:
2126:
2098:
2096:
1892:
1890:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1779:
1777:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1683:
1681:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1503:
1501:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1318:
1316:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
3256:Basic methods for Theoretical Biology
2559:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
3315:Mathematical and theoretical biology
1156:
1154:
1152:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1046:
1044:
1042:
994:
992:
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932:
930:
928:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
379:the growth of body parts (including
162:, which does not feed or reproduce,
3171:
2824:
2715:
2251:
2123:
2093:
1887:
1813:
1774:
1732:
1678:
1611:
1573:
1530:
1498:
1431:
1313:
1253:
761:"Physics of metabolic organization"
111:(assimilation, dissipation, growth)
13:
3204:
1365:
1211:
1050:
998:
657:
14:
3346:
3262:
3178:Kooijman, S.A.L.M. (2014-03-11).
1149:
1091:
1039:
987:
925:
853:
819:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
801:
733:
548:context, focusing for example on
2896:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.00098.x
2417:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01277.x
2027:10.1111/j.1469-185x.2008.00053.x
1748:Bulletin of Mathematical Biology
1246:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2000.00448.x
956:10.1111/j.1469-185x.2006.00006.x
328:Extensions of the standard model
79:Cornerstones of the theory are:
3120:
3085:
3050:
2999:
2985:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.07.001
2957:
2910:
2875:
2833:Journal of Mathematical Biology
2789:
2754:
2658:
2597:
2563:Making sense of chemical stress
2553:
2496:
2439:
2396:
2361:
2303:
2267:Journal of Experimental Biology
2210:
2169:
2117:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.11.012
2057:
2005:
1969:
1690:Journal of Mathematical Biology
1330:
1051:M., Kooijman, S. A. L. (2000).
999:M., Kooijman, S. A. L. (1993).
511:
386:effects of chemical compounds (
239:ordinary differential equations
3186:. Springer. pp. 266–297.
2923:Journal of Theoretical Biology
2560:Jager, Tjalling (2015-08-11).
2135:Journal of Theoretical Biology
1604:10.1080/23737867.2014.11414482
1539:Journal of Theoretical Biology
1135:. Cambridge University Press.
1129:Kooijman, S. A. L. M. (2010).
875:Kooijman, S. A. L. M. (2001).
1:
3235:, derivation and concepts by
1559:10.1016/S0022-5193(86)80107-2
650:
365:relationships, and useful in
200:
3114:10.1016/j.seares.2014.01.015
3079:10.1016/j.seares.2011.10.005
2818:10.1016/j.seares.2014.06.005
2783:10.1016/j.seares.2011.04.016
2748:10.1016/j.seares.2011.09.004
1999:10.1016/j.seares.2011.07.010
1924:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006100
1829:Kearney, Michael R. (2021).
1449:"Testing Metabolic Theories"
1409:10.1016/j.seares.2006.03.001
1359:10.1016/j.seares.2014.09.004
427:
7:
1508:Kooijman, S.A.L.M. (1988).
786:10.1016/j.plrev.2016.09.001
632:Metabolic theory of ecology
610:
575:) while avoiding using the
10:
3351:
2943:10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.03.025
2155:10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.03.011
1903:PLOS Computational Biology
1799:10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.05.190
831:10.1016/j.tree.2005.11.004
3246:concepts in Kooijman 2001
3141:10.1007/s10646-014-1413-5
2683:10.1007/s10646-009-0417-z
2628:10.1007/s10646-006-0060-x
1591:Letters in Biomathematics
1277:Journal of Animal Ecology
1233:Journal of Animal Ecology
104:constraints on production
577:allometric relationships
392:no effect concentrations
3094:Journal of Sea Research
3059:Journal of Sea Research
2798:Journal of Sea Research
2763:Journal of Sea Research
2728:Journal of Sea Research
2319:The American Naturalist
1979:Journal of Sea Research
1516:. #N/A. pp. 3–45.
1456:The American Naturalist
1389:Journal of Sea Research
1339:Journal of Sea Research
1290:10.1111/1365-2656.12085
765:Physics of Life Reviews
627:Evolutionary physiology
215:development/ maturation
2521:10.1098/rstb.2010.0034
2464:10.1098/rstb.2012.0005
2452:Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B
2178:"On Theory in Ecology"
1585:Ledder, Glenn (2014).
1179:10.1098/rstb.2010.0166
893:10.1098/rstb.2000.0771
701:10.1098/rstb.2007.2230
622:Comparative physiology
303:The standard DEB model
71:Theoretical background
3325:Developmental biology
2236:10.1093/biosci/biv013
2195:10.1093/biosci/biu098
2067:Ecological Monographs
1702:10.1007/s002850000049
555:Studying patterns in
542:DEBtox implementation
224:DEB theory specifies
187:generalised compounds
57:Add-my-pet collection
21:dynamic energy budget
3248:, formalisation by
2973:Ecological Modelling
2105:Ecological Modelling
3335:Theoretical ecology
3310:Ecological theories
3106:2014JSR....94...19K
3071:2011JSR....66..381L
2935:2014JThBi.354...35L
2810:2014JSR....94..128K
2775:2011JSR....66..419K
2740:2011JSR....66..278L
2515:(1557): 3469–3483.
2458:(1596): 1665–1679.
2147:2013JThBi.328....9J
1991:2011JSR....66..270L
1915:2018PLSCB..14E6100M
1638:2014MarEc..35..506S
1551:1986JThBi.121..269K
1401:2006JSR....56...85V
1351:2014JSR....94....1V
1173:(1557): 3413–3428.
777:2017PhLRv..20....1J
695:(1502): 2453–2464.
446:Kooijman et al 2008
280:implemented in the
3288:Zotero DEB library
3274:2019-10-22 at the
3008:Biological Reviews
2845:10.1007/BF00276955
2280:10.1242/jeb.059675
2015:Biological Reviews
1835:Biological Reviews
1760:10.1007/BF02460653
1646:10.1111/maec.12106
943:Biological Reviews
527:2018-04-09 at the
467:2017-03-18 at the
456:2017-03-18 at the
420:2019-10-25 at the
394:for environmental
352:synthesizing units
297:Add-my-pet project
291:2020-08-05 at the
276:2017-03-18 at the
3225:van der Meer 2006
3020:10.1111/brv.12082
2079:10.1890/14-0976.1
1847:10.1111/brv.12668
887:(1407): 331–349.
639:(also known as a
617:Metabolic ecology
557:body size scaling
442:van der Meer 2006
286:Wiki-style manual
61:metabolic ecology
3342:
3282:Add my pet (AmP)
3250:Sousa et al 2008
3233:Jusup et al 2017
3229:Sousa et al 2010
3198:
3197:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3124:
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3047:
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2557:
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2540:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2483:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2376:(7): 1771–1789.
2365:
2359:
2358:
2316:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2282:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2214:
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2197:
2173:
2167:
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2130:
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2100:
2091:
2090:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1952:
1950:
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1936:
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1884:
1858:
1826:
1811:
1810:
1781:
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1743:
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1685:
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1609:
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1334:
1328:
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1320:
1311:
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1292:
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1251:
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1198:
1158:
1147:
1146:
1126:
1089:
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1082:
1074:
1048:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1022:
996:
985:
984:
958:
934:
923:
922:
912:
872:
851:
850:
814:
799:
798:
788:
756:
731:
730:
720:
680:
518:Add my pet (AmP)
473:Add my pet (AmP)
211:reserve dynamics
128:(energy) reserve
114:strong and weak
83:conservation of
33:metabolic theory
3350:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3330:Systems biology
3300:
3299:
3294:DEB Information
3276:Wayback Machine
3265:
3241:Sara et al 2014
3213:(Kooijman 2010)
3207:
3205:Further reading
3202:
3201:
3194:
3176:
3172:
3125:
3121:
3090:
3086:
3055:
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2915:
2911:
2880:
2876:
2829:
2825:
2794:
2790:
2759:
2755:
2723:
2716:
2663:
2659:
2619:10.1.1.453.1811
2602:
2598:
2586:
2585:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2558:
2554:
2501:
2497:
2444:
2440:
2405:Ecology Letters
2401:
2397:
2382:10.1890/03-9000
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2010:
2006:
1974:
1970:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1909:(5): e1006100.
1895:
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681:
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529:Wayback Machine
514:
501:
469:Wayback Machine
458:Wayback Machine
430:
422:Wayback Machine
396:risk assessment
330:
305:
293:Wayback Machine
278:Wayback Machine
230:state variables
203:
73:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3348:
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3263:External links
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3192:
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3135:(3): 657–663.
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2998:
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2753:
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2596:
2587:|website=
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2331:10.1086/662666
2325:(6): 746–754.
2302:
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2056:
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2004:
1985:(4): 270–277.
1968:
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1812:
1773:
1754:(3): 609–635.
1731:
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1677:
1632:(4): 506–515.
1626:Marine Ecology
1610:
1597:(2): 221–233.
1572:
1545:(3): 269–282.
1529:
1522:
1497:
1468:10.1086/667860
1462:(5): 546–565.
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1210:
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1062:978-0521786089
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1010:978-0521452236
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641:scaling law
550:development
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320:formation.
317:homeostasis
219:maintenance
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116:homeostasis
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2182:BioScience
1948:2018-04-05
651:References
593:metabolism
589:endotherms
585:ectotherms
581:endotherms
363:syntrophic
263:Parameters
255:maturation
201:DEB models
195:metabolism
37:metabolism
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3100:: 19–28.
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