1491:
1199:
749:
1610:
1215:
50:
298:
279:
267:
255:
243:
231:
219:
207:
195:
183:
157:
104:
1622:. The sugar produced in this region had a lower production cost due to the tax exemption on labor ( tributed by the Portuguese Crown) and the lower price of transport. With difficulties in acquiring labor and without mastering the refining and distribution process and capital to invest, Portuguese sugar was unable to compete on the international market, immersing Brazil's economy (and Portugal's) in a crisis that would last through the second half of the 17th century until the discovery of gold in
2599:
1330:
445:
909:
2587:
815:
1318:
2563:
897:
1666:. Since this haplogroup is more common in northeastern Brazil (19%) than in Portugal (13%), the researchers hypothesized that this "excess" could be due to the genetic influence of the Dutch colonizers who came to the region in the 17th century. Something similar occurs in southern Brazil, where there has been a lot of immigration from northern Europe and an excess of haplogroup 2 (28%) compared to Portugal.
435:
415:
396:
384:
372:
360:
348:
328:
316:
126:
2575:
1528:. In the Northeast, under WIC domination, Maurice of Nassau was replaced in the administration. Contrary to what he had advocated in his political "testament", the company's new managers began to demand the liquidation of debts owed to defaulting plantation owners, a policy that led to the Insurrection of Pernambuco in 1645 and culminated in the extinction of Dutch rule after the
1310:
1000:, from which he expected a negative reaction, which didn't happen: the previously peaceful Dutch raised anchor and left the way clear for the English invasion. As well as not resisting the action, they eventually joined forces with the English, hiring their ships to transport the assets stolen in Pernambuco. Lancaster took
2205:
1638:
Portugal signed an agreement with the Dutch and compensated them with eight million guilders and the colonies of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and the Maluku
Islands (part of present-day Indonesia). On August 6, 1661, the Netherlands formally ceded the region to the Portuguese Empire through the Treaty of The Hague.
877:
The success of this project led to the founding of the Dutch West India
Company in 1621, which was responsible for the monopoly of the slave trade for twenty-four years in the Americas and Africa. However, the new firm's main objective was to take over the commerce in sugar produced in the Northeast
1637:
was unable to help the WIC in Brazil. With the end of the conflict with the
English, the Netherlands demanded the return of the colony in May 1654. Under threat of a new invasion of northeastern Brazil and Dutch fleets which blockaded the Portuguese coast and brought maritime trade to a standstill,
1669:
However, it is unknown how many Dutch lived in Brazil or how many remained after the
Portuguese retook the territory. Historical records show that the Portuguese were the only registered and significant source of European immigrants in Brazil until 1808, when the ports were opened. Only after that
1445:
in its conquest of
Brazilian territory, and brought with him artists and scientists to study the potential of the territory. He was concerned with the recovery of the sugar industry, which had been damaged by the battles, granting credits and selling the conquered sugar mills at public auction. He
1576:
signed on
January 26, 1654, and established the terms and clauses that sought to resolve the existing conditions of the Dutch in Brazilian lands, especially those related to the abdication of land and possessions. It also addressed marriages between Dutchmen and Brazilian or Portuguese women and
794:
The resistance was characterized by a financial and military effort based on local and external resources. The funds raised in the colony accounted for two thirds of the expenditure between 1630 and 1637, with mostly
European troops, and almost all of the expenditure between 1644 and 1654, with
1004:
and remained there for almost a month. During this time, he joined up with the French who had arrived in the port and defeated a series of
Portuguese counter-attacks. The fleet left with a hefty amount of sugar, brazilwood, cotton and high-priced products; only one small ship didn't reach its
1345:, the Dutch launched a new expedition. Their declared aim was to restore the sugar trade with the Netherlands, which had been banned by the Spanish Crown. A new squadron of sixty-seven ships and around seven thousand men - the largest ever seen in the colony - under the command of Admiral
1055:, the fleet asked for permission to obtain fresh supplies in Guanabara Bay, which was denied by the captaincy's government, in accordance with instructions received from the Portuguese Crown. An attempt to disembark was repelled by indigenous people and the artillery of the
1378:
However, over time, some sugar cane plantation owners accepted the administration of the West India
Company because they believed that an injection of capital and a more liberal administration would help their businesses develop. Their best representative was
1617:
As a result of the invasions of the
Northeast of Brazil, Dutch power became dominant in all stages of sugar production, from planting to refining and distribution. With control of the market for African slaves, it began to invest in the
981:, the banquets of extraordinary delicacies, the beds of crimson damask, fringed with gold and the rich Indian quilts", and summed up his impressions in an anthological phrase: "Finally, in Pernambuco one finds more vanity than in
1551:), and eight million guilders, equivalent to sixty-three tons of gold, paid in installments over forty years under the threat of invasion by the Navy. According to a traditional historiographical current in the
969:, the English had access to Portuguese and Spanish manuscripts detailing the coast of Brazil. One of them, written by the Portuguese merchant Lopes Vaz, emphasized the qualities of the wealthy town of
1518:
863:
was the prohibition of Spanish trade with Dutch ports, which directly affected the Brazilian sugar business, since they were traditional investors in sugar agro-manufacturing.
1375:
The so-called "ambush tactics" were small groups of ten to forty highly mobile men who attacked the Dutch by surprise and then retreated at speed, regrouping for new battles.
477:
1242:
161:
1365:
996:
capturing numerous ships before reaching Pernambuco. When he arrived, Lancaster confronted the local resistance, but was met at the entrance to the port by three Dutch
1521:
in 1640 led to the signing of a ten-year truce between Portugal and the Netherlands. Faced with this setback to Spanish rule, the Dutch war of independence continued.
1511:
283:
1262:
1490:
400:
1582:
1356:
The acquisition of slave workforce became essential for the success of Dutch colonization. As a result, the WIC began trafficking slaves from Africa to Brazil.
1121:(originally published in Amsterdam in 1621 by Ian Ianst), Spielbergen's narrative is illustrated by an engraving of São Vicente, which portrays the incident in
1470:
1142:
1613:
Today's Sri Lanka, an Asian country, was one of the territories ceded by Portugal to the Netherlands in order to prevent another attempt to invade Pernambuco.
1535:
Formally, the surrender was signed on January 26, 1654, in the Taborda Hill, but it only became fully effective on August 6, 1661, with the signing of the
1334:
2285:
1009:, and John Wattas, a city councilor, was estimated at more than 51,000 pounds sterling. Of the total, £6,100 stayed with Lancaster and £3,050 went to the
900:
The English privateer James Lancaster seized the richest treasure in the history of Elizabethan English privateering in Recife with Dutch help during the
1571:
1555:, the movement also marked the germ of Brazilian nationalism, as whites, Africans and indigenous people merged their interests in expelling the invader.
187:
1295:, in the service of the WIC, intercepted and sacked the Spanish fleet that was carrying the annual shipment of silver mined from the American colonies.
470:
419:
974:
1805:
1141:, made an attempt to settle with the construction of the Morro da Velha Pobre Fort in 1623. They were repelled by the Portuguese incursion headed by
2634:
1919:"HÁ 427 ANOS, CORSÁRIO INGLÊS SAQUEAVA RECIFE, "ABRINDO AS PORTAS" PARA QUE, MAIS TARDE, OS HOLANDESES OCUPASSEM PERNAMBUCO E INVADISSEM A PARAÍBA"
844:
At the time, the Dutch were fighting for their emancipation from Spanish rule. Although some provinces proclaimed their independence in 1581, the
2517:
622:
463:
1273:
1399:
439:
1476:
On December 1, 1640, Portugal separated from Spain, which made it possible to form an alliance with England to fight the Netherlands.
939:, it was the only British expedition whose main target was Brazil. It represented the richest heist in the history of shipping in the
17:
1025:
1272:
In 1625, Spain sent a powerful brigade of fifty-two ships with around twelve thousand men as reinforcements, under the command of
2311:
1430:
1171:
1450:). He granted religious freedom; under his government, the first synagogue on the American continent was founded in Recife.
1198:
973:
by saying that "Pernambuco is the most important city on the entire coast". The opulence of Pernambuco had impressed Father
1506:(also known as the War of Divine Light), the movement that expelled the Dutch from Brazil was led by the plantation owners
1277:
585:
1833:
535:
1564:
600:
1647:
1353:. With the victory, the invaders were strengthened by an additional 6,000 men sent from Europe to secure the conquest.
1016:
After Lancaster's visit, the Captaincy of Pernambuco organized two armed companies to defend the region, each with 220
783:, the invasions were centered on the control of sugar and slave supply sources. Although they were concentrated in the
1125:. Despite its inaccuracies, this iconography describes the contours of the bay, the rivers, the forts and the houses.
2629:
2624:
2015:
1752:
1222:
Aware of the vulnerability of the Portuguese settlements on the northeast coast of Brazil, the administrators of the
924:
901:
891:
506:
2102:
1056:
565:
734:
1086:
on this voyage. The expedition returned to port on August 26, 1601, with only one ship, manned by 45 survivors.
946:
The Iberian Union placed Brazil in conflict with European nations that were friendly to Portugal but enemies of
166:
2232:
1237:
On May 10, 1624, a WIC expedition with twenty-six ships carrying around 1,700 men under the command of Admiral
1965:
1781:
1372:, they confined the invaders inside the fortifications on the urban perimeter of Olinda and its port, Recife.
1261:
and began to administer the colony from Olinda and send significant reinforcements to the resistance based in
2462:
1498:, decisive episodes in the Insurrection of Pernambuco, are considered to be the origin of the Brazilian Army.
1383:, historiographically considered a traitor for supporting the occupying forces and the Dutch administration.
2619:
2058:
787:, they were not just a regional episode. There were two interconnected, albeit distant, fronts: Brazil and
235:
985:". Soon the captaincy would be seen by the English as a "soft and succulent" piece of Philip II's Empire.
1529:
1495:
1466:
1446:
also took care of supply, labor and administration issues and promoted extensive urban reform in Recife (
1391:
1111:
709:
595:
271:
2127:
1918:
1507:
1429:
Once the Luso-Brazilian resistance had been overcome, with the help of Calabar, the WIC appointed Count
1413:
in 1635, the forces commanded by Matias de Albuquerque collapsed and were forced to retreat towards the
1207:
302:
288:
247:
2553:
1721:
1577:
their different properties. Through this treaty, the Dutch committed to delivering not only Recife and
1552:
1536:
1503:
1485:
1380:
1178:
748:
617:
612:
590:
1465:. The main leader of the resistance was Antônio Muniz Barreiros. In 1643, reinforcements arrived from
1458:
1013:. With such an achievement, the expedition was considered an absolute military and financial success.
689:
1287:
The huge cost of the invasion of the lands of Bahia was recovered four years later in an act in the
1249:, but he, his son and some officers were imprisoned and sent to the Netherlands. The Dutch nobleman
1241:
attacked and conquered the city. Terrified, the inhabitants retreated inland. The governor-general,
2145:
1711:
1462:
1223:
920:
887:
871:
809:
784:
773:
719:
694:
560:
487:
405:
137:
75:
41:
2504:
As Invasões Holandesas (Insurreição Pernambucana): A Batalha do Monte das Tabocas, o Inicio do Fim
2369:"As políticas públicas de imigração européia não-portuguesa para o Brasil – de Pombal à República"
2038:"VIAJANTES NA AMÉRICA DOS FILIPES: IMPRESSÕES E INTERPRETAÇÕES DO BRASIL COLÔNIA; (C.1580-C.1640)"
1860:
2037:
1609:
1410:
1254:
1214:
959:
724:
674:
669:
632:
627:
555:
199:
2258:
1406:
2603:
1350:
1342:
1304:
679:
545:
540:
320:
1744:
A faina, a festa e o rito: uma etnografia histórica sobre as gentes do mar (sécs. XVII ao XIX)
1414:
570:
2639:
2170:
1630:
1418:
1292:
818:
714:
530:
388:
364:
211:
2347:
Pena, Sérgio; Carvalho-Silva, Denise; Alves-Silva, Juliana; Prado, Vânia; Santos, Fabricio.
2187:
1387:
1333:
Recife was the most cosmopolitan city in America during Nassau's rule. In the picture, the
1280:, general of the navy on the coast of Portugal. This expedition, which became known as the
1095:
912:
729:
704:
580:
1897:
Piratas no Brasil: As incríveis histórias dos ladrões dos mares que pilharam nosso litoral
1586:
1122:
8:
1594:
1525:
1442:
853:
761:
647:
525:
511:
109:
2286:"Assinatura do Tratado de Haia oficializa devolução de território brasileiro a Portugal"
1691:
1539:, in which Portugal agreed to compensate the Netherlands with two colonies, Ceylon (now
1266:
1218:
A painting depicting the reconquest of Salvador by Spanish and Portuguese troops (1635).
49:
2527:
Napoletani in Brasile nella guerra di liberazione dall'invasione olandese (1625 - 1640)
2511:
2416:
2391:
1433:
to administer the land. A cultured and liberal man, Nassau accepted the immigration of
1281:
1231:
1203:
1193:
1062:
Reports say that the expedition pillaged and burned cities and ships off the coasts of
978:
860:
826:
664:
550:
2421:
2011:
1748:
1369:
1246:
1037:
989:
838:
834:
637:
575:
1134:
223:
2411:
2403:
2182:
1716:
1258:
1099:
1048:, in the Netherlands, on September 13, 1598, consisting of four ships and 248 men.
1005:
destination. The profit for the investors, including Thomas Cordell, then mayor of
997:
659:
423:
336:
874:, which had a monopoly on eastern commerce, assuring the company's profitability.
2591:
2005:
1742:
1250:
1238:
1227:
940:
936:
780:
753:
699:
684:
642:
352:
332:
172:
115:
2368:
1137:(formerly Aldeia de Paru), the Dutch, accompanied by some Englishmen and led by
2579:
2348:
1651:
1634:
1544:
1346:
993:
966:
845:
131:
1024:, one based in Olinda and the other in Recife. Years later, the then governor
2613:
2567:
2390:
Silva, Denise Carvalho; Santos, Fabricio; Rocha, Jorge; Pena, Sérgio (2000).
2171:"A palavra e o império: a arte da lingua brasilica e a conquista do Maranhão"
1687:
1454:
1438:
1395:
1288:
1157:
Overall, the Dutch invasions in Brazil can be divided into two main periods:
1074:. However, it suffered heavy losses in an attack by the indigenous people of
1041:
830:
444:
376:
259:
1036:
According to some authors, while passing along the coast of Brazil, Admiral
756:, was sacked and destroyed by the Dutch, who chose Recife as the capital of
2425:
1706:
1655:
1623:
1329:
962:, the richest of all Portuguese territories, became a target for conquest.
867:
757:
2495:
Fontes para a História do Brasil Holandês (Vol. 1 - A Economia Açucareira)
923:, also known as Lancaster's Pernambucan expedition, was an episode in the
821:
with the possessions of the Dutch West India Company marked in dark green.
2206:"A Restauração: o fim da União Ibérica e as consequências para a colônia"
1670:
date were non-Portuguese immigrants allowed to enter Brazil more freely.
1578:
1447:
1322:
1107:
1071:
1010:
955:
928:
1461:. Portuguese settlers and Jesuit missionaries established themselves in
2486:
O Negócio do Brasil. Portugal, os Países Baixos e o Nordeste, 1641-1669
2445:
História dos feitos recentemente praticados durante oito anos no Brasil
1659:
1368:, on the outskirts of Recife. Using indigenous combat tactics, such as
1284:, defeated and expelled the Dutch invaders on May 1 of that same year.
1138:
1083:
932:
455:
1590:
1349:, invaded Pernambuco and, in February 1630, conquered Olinda and then
908:
1548:
1540:
1103:
1075:
1045:
1017:
849:
1473:. The battles to expel the invaders lasted until February 28, 1644.
977:, who was surprised by "the larger and richer estates than those of
814:
2407:
1619:
1514:, the Afro-descendant Henrique Dias and the native Filipe Camarão.
1021:
1598:
1364:
The resistance, led by Matias de Albuquerque, was concentrated in
1317:
2545:
Historia das lutas com os Hollandezes no Brazil desde 1624 a 1654
1146:
951:
896:
1341:
In possession of the resources obtained from the sacking of the
2312:"Dia 26 de janeiro de 1654 – Rendição dos Holandeses no Recife"
1663:
1052:
1028:
sought to establish fortified positions in the port of Recife.
1006:
1001:
982:
970:
866:
Faced with this restriction, the Dutch focused on trade in the
788:
2346:
1253:
took over the administration of the city. The governor of the
1417:. Important figures in this context were Calabar and Colonel
1063:
947:
1402:) stood out during this phase of Luso-Brazilian resistance.
1298:
1650:
in 2000, 19% of the northeastern Brazilians surveyed had a
1434:
1102:
voyage between 1614 and 1618. In 1615, his ships docked at
1094:
A similar incident occurred with the expedition of Admiral
1079:
1067:
1164:
1630-1654 - Invasion of Olinda and Recife, in Pernambuco:
852:, only had its independence recognized in 1648, after the
779:
Considered the biggest political-military conflict in the
2454:
As Batalhas dos Guararapes - Descrição e Análise Militar
1309:
1114:, facing Portuguese resistance when trying to resupply.
2392:"The Phylogeography of Brazilian Y-Chromosome Lineages"
1409:
in 1634, and the conquests of Arraial do Bom Jesus and
1424:
2551:
1089:
2389:
1149:, in the Netherlands. The Dutch fort was destroyed.
859:
During the conflict, one of the measures adopted by
764:'s map shows the siege of Olinda and Recife in 1630.
2497:. Recife: Parque Histórico Nacional dos Guararapes.
2328:
1569:The Dutch surrender in Brazil, better known as the
1187:
1040:, leading his expedition, attempted an invasion of
1895:França, Jean Marcel Carvalho; Hue, Sheila (2014).
1082:. Some authors believe that van Noort discovered
1031:
2611:
2084:The Dutch in the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1600-1815
1646:According to a genetic study carried out by the
2233:"Insurreição pernambucana: a pátria restaurada"
1210:, 1631): in the foreground, the Spanish Armada.
27:Dutch occupation of Brazil in the 17th century
1585:), but also the forts they still occupied on
1479:
471:
2356:. Vol. 27 (259 ed.). Ciência Hoje.
837:and its colonies were under the rule of the
2533:
2169:Magalhães, Pablo Antonio Igleasias (2011).
1944:A Bahia e as Capitanias do Centro do Brasil
2516:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2103:"CAMPANHAS MILITARES CONTRA OS HOLANDESES"
1453:In November 1640, a WIC expedition led by
478:
464:
2542:
2493:Mello, José Antônio Gonsalves de (1981).
2415:
2186:
2168:
2128:""POR QUE, CALABAR?" O MOTIVO DA TRAIÇÃO"
1946:(5 ed.). Companhia Editora Nacional.
1894:
1524:In America, Brazil spoke out in favor of
1299:Invasion of Olinda and Recife (1630-1654)
1276:, Marquis of Villanueva de Valduesa, and
965:In 1588, a few years after defeating the
776:(WIC), occurred during the 17th century.
2479:. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional.
1988:
1966:"Descobrimentos e Navegações Holandesas"
1608:
1489:
1328:
1316:
1308:
1213:
1197:
1161:1624-1625 - Invasion of Salvador, Bahia;
907:
895:
813:
747:
485:
2635:Portuguese colonization of the Americas
2543:Varnhagen, Francisco Adolfo de (1871).
2538:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
2524:
1834:"Os holandeses e a economia açucareira"
1257:, Matias de Albuquerque, was appointed
173:
14:
2612:
2442:
2396:The American Journal of Human Genetics
2366:
2309:
2280:
2278:
2227:
2225:
2188:10.11606/issn.2316-9141.v0i165p367-401
2125:
2081:
2003:
1916:
1641:
1558:
1519:Restoration of Portuguese Independence
1167:1630-1637 - Resistance to the invader;
1078:(now Chile) and the Spanish forces in
992:in October 1594 and sailed across the
846:Republic of the Seven United Provinces
833:, a period between 1580 and 1640 when
2501:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2451:
2200:
2198:
2121:
2119:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2031:
2029:
2027:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1941:
1806:"1581: Holanda se liberta da Espanha"
1740:
1230:, then the capital of Brazil, in the
459:
2460:
2334:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1855:
1853:
1828:
1826:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1398:and Francisco Rebelo (also known as
1226:(WIC) decided to attack the city of
881:
2477:Os holandeses no Brasil (1624-1654)
2275:
2222:
2035:
2007:Dicionário das batalhas brasileiras
1425:Administration of Maurice of Nassau
24:
2367:Corrêa, Lucelinda Schramm (2005).
2195:
2116:
2090:
2024:
1963:
1950:
1648:Federal University of Minas Gerais
1098:, who was making the second Dutch
1090:Joris van Spielbergen's expedition
988:James Lancaster's expedition left
25:
2651:
2256:
1903:
1877:
1861:"Companhia das Índias Ocidentais"
1850:
1823:
1761:
1337:, demolished in the 18th century.
1208:João Teixeira Albernaz, the Elder
795:soldiers mainly from Pernambuco.
752:Olinda, then the richest city in
2597:
2585:
2573:
2561:
2484:Mello, Evaldo Cabral de (1981).
2257:Silva, Misleine Neris de Souza.
2036:Jaccoud, Carlos Eduardo Maroja.
1942:Prado, J. F. de Almeida (1950).
1469:, led by João Vale do Velho and
1441:, who supported him against the
1188:Invasion of Salvador (1624-1625)
1152:
443:
433:
413:
394:
382:
370:
358:
346:
326:
314:
296:
277:
265:
253:
241:
229:
217:
205:
193:
181:
155:
124:
102:
48:
2452:Bento, Cláudio Moreira (1971).
2436:
2383:
2360:
2340:
2303:
2250:
2162:
2138:
2082:Postma, Johannes Menne (1990).
2075:
2051:
1997:
1982:
1782:"Invasões holandesas no Brasil"
1604:
1572:Capitulação do Campo do Taborda
1565:Recapture of Recife (1652–1654)
1128:
1057:Fortress of Santa Cruz da Barra
927:that took place in 1595 in the
2310:Barros, Marcelo (2022-01-27).
1935:
1798:
1734:
1680:
1170:1637-1644 - Administration of
1119:Miroir Oost & West-Indical
1032:Olivier van Noort's expedition
825:The conflict began during the
13:
1:
2534:Van Groesen, Michiel (2014).
2529:. Nápoles: Fausto Fiorentino.
2502:Rosty, Claudio Skora (2002).
2086:. Cambridge University Press.
1917:Gouvea, Hilton (2022-07-24).
1727:
1359:
935:. Led by the English admiral
892:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
803:
2470:(in Dutch). Martinus Nijhof.
1741:Silva, Luiz Geraldo (2001).
1690:from 1580 to 1640. See also
1145:, who expelled them back to
7:
2525:Di Pace, Viottorio (1991).
2488:. Rio de Janeiro: Topbooks.
2447:. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia.
2350:Retrato Molecular do Brasil
2126:Schalkwijk, Frans Leonard.
1989:Nogueira, Adeilson (2020).
1700:
1530:second Battle of Guararapes
1457:and Hans Koin occupied the
1313:Siege of Olinda and Recife.
10:
2656:
2536:The Legacy of Dutch Brazil
2259:"Insurreição Pernambucana"
1722:Military history of Brazil
1562:
1553:military history of Brazil
1504:Insurrection of Pernambuco
1486:Insurrection of Pernambuco
1483:
1480:Insurrection of Pernambuco
1381:Domingos Fernandes Calabar
1302:
1191:
1179:Insurrection of Pernambuco
885:
854:peace agreement of Münster
807:
798:
770:Dutch invasions in Brazil,
1688:personal union with Spain
1386:Military leaders such as
1274:Fadrique de Toledo Osório
1243:Diogo de Mendonça Furtado
870:and, in 1602, set up the
829:, known in Brazil as the
497:
145:
94:
58:
47:
39:
35:Dutch invasions of Brazil
34:
18:Dutch invasions in Brazil
2625:Battles involving Brazil
2547:. Viena: C. Finsterbeck.
2004:Donato, Hernâni (1996).
1673:
1508:André Vidal de Negreiros
1351:captured Recife in March
1224:Dutch West India Company
1051:With the crew sick with
888:Capture of Recife (1595)
872:Dutch East India Company
774:Dutch West India Company
54:The Battle of Guararapes
2475:Boxer, Charles (1961).
2443:Barléu, Gaspar (1974).
1662:2), which is common in
1455:Jan Cornelisz Lichthart
1411:Cabo de Santo Agostinho
1263:Arraial do Rio Vermelho
1255:Captaincy of Pernambuco
1245:, tried to hide in the
1117:In the 1648 edition of
960:Captaincy of Pernambuco
2059:"A CONQUISTA FLAMENGA"
1614:
1499:
1338:
1326:
1314:
1305:Siege of Recife (1630)
1219:
1211:
916:
905:
822:
765:
146:Commanders and leaders
1631:First Anglo-Dutch War
1612:
1563:Further information:
1547:(part of present-day
1512:João Fernandes Vieira
1496:Battles of Guararapes
1493:
1419:Krzysztof Arciszewski
1405:With the invasion of
1332:
1320:
1312:
1217:
1201:
1096:Joris van Spielbergen
1026:Matias de Albuquerque
911:
899:
819:Dutch colonial empire
817:
751:
389:Krzysztof Arciszewski
2630:Dutch–Portuguese War
2373:Revista geo-paisagem
2146:"Maurício de Nassau"
1712:Dutch–Portuguese War
1471:Bento Maciel Parente
1388:Martim Soares Moreno
1366:Arraial do Bom Jesus
1143:Bento Maciel Parente
913:Flag of Dutch Brazil
810:Dutch–Portuguese War
489:Dutch–Portuguese War
42:Dutch–Portuguese War
2620:Conflicts in Brazil
2461:Blok, P.J. (1928).
2175:Revista de História
2063:City Hall of Recife
1993:. Clube de Autores.
1991:Guerras Brasileiras
1747:. Papirus Editora.
1642:Genetic inheritance
1595:Rio Grande do Norte
1559:The Dutch surrender
1537:Treaty of The Hague
1443:Kingdom of Portugal
1415:São Francisco river
1133:In the vicinity of
76:Northeastern Brazil
1615:
1583:Antônio Vaz Island
1500:
1459:island of São Luís
1339:
1335:Palace of Fribourg
1327:
1315:
1282:Recapture of Bahia
1232:Captaincy of Bahia
1220:
1212:
1204:recapture of Bahia
1194:Recapture of Bahia
917:
906:
827:Philippine Dynasty
823:
766:
248:André de Negreiros
138:West India Company
86:Portuguese victory
2464:Michiel de Ruyter
2237:Radio Peão Brasil
1431:Maurice of Nassau
1370:guerrilla warfare
1325:(Recife) in 1645.
1278:Manuel de Meneses
1172:Maurice of Nassau
1044:. His fleet left
1038:Olivier van Noort
925:Anglo-Spanish War
921:Capture of Recife
902:Anglo-Spanish War
882:Capture of Recife
762:Nicolaes Visscher
743:
742:
454:
453:
321:Maurice of Nassau
212:M. de Albuquerque
200:F. de Mascarenhas
188:Francisco Padilha
90:
89:
16:(Redirected from
2647:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2515:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2469:
2457:
2448:
2430:
2429:
2419:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2202:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2181:(165): 367–401.
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2099:
2088:
2087:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2042:
2033:
2022:
2021:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1964:Araújo, Felipe.
1961:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1914:
1901:
1900:
1892:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1778:
1759:
1758:
1738:
1717:Dutch Brazilians
1694:
1684:
1587:Itamaracá Island
1259:governor-general
1206:from the Dutch (
1202:Map showing the
1100:circumnavigation
507:Cape St. Vincent
492:
490:
480:
473:
466:
457:
456:
447:
438:
437:
436:
428:
420:Hendrik van Haus
418:
417:
416:
409:
399:
398:
397:
387:
386:
385:
375:
374:
373:
363:
362:
361:
351:
350:
349:
341:
331:
330:
329:
319:
318:
317:
301:
300:
299:
292:
282:
281:
280:
270:
269:
268:
258:
257:
256:
246:
245:
244:
234:
233:
232:
222:
221:
220:
210:
209:
208:
198:
197:
196:
186:
185:
184:
175:
170:
162:Mendonça Furtado
160:
159:
158:
130:
128:
127:
108:
106:
105:
60:
59:
52:
32:
31:
21:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2604:The Netherlands
2598:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2552:
2509:
2508:
2467:
2456:. Recife: UFPE.
2439:
2434:
2433:
2388:
2384:
2365:
2361:
2353:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2318:
2308:
2304:
2295:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2267:
2265:
2255:
2251:
2242:
2240:
2231:
2230:
2223:
2214:
2212:
2204:
2203:
2196:
2167:
2163:
2154:
2152:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2124:
2117:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2091:
2080:
2076:
2067:
2065:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2040:
2034:
2025:
2018:
2002:
1998:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1972:
1962:
1951:
1940:
1936:
1927:
1925:
1915:
1904:
1899:. Globo Livros.
1893:
1878:
1869:
1867:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1842:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1762:
1755:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1644:
1620:Antilles region
1607:
1567:
1561:
1488:
1482:
1427:
1362:
1307:
1301:
1291:, when Admiral
1251:Johan van Dorth
1239:Jacob Willekens
1196:
1190:
1155:
1131:
1092:
1034:
956:the Netherlands
941:Elizabethan era
937:James Lancaster
894:
886:Main articles:
884:
812:
806:
801:
772:ordered by the
754:colonial Brazil
746:
745:
744:
739:
493:
488:
486:
484:
450:
434:
432:
424:
414:
412:
403:
401:S. van Schkoppe
395:
393:
383:
381:
371:
369:
359:
357:
353:Jacob Willekens
347:
345:
337:
333:Johan van Dorth
327:
325:
315:
313:
307:
297:
295:
286:
278:
276:
266:
264:
254:
252:
242:
240:
230:
228:
218:
216:
206:
204:
194:
192:
182:
180:
164:
156:
154:
125:
123:
116:State of Brazil
103:
101:
78:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2653:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2607:
2606:
2594:
2582:
2570:
2550:
2549:
2540:
2531:
2522:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2458:
2449:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2408:10.1086/316931
2402:(1): 281–286.
2382:
2359:
2339:
2337:, p. 147.
2327:
2316:Defesa em Foco
2302:
2274:
2249:
2221:
2194:
2161:
2137:
2115:
2089:
2074:
2050:
2023:
2016:
1996:
1981:
1949:
1934:
1902:
1876:
1849:
1822:
1797:
1760:
1753:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1692:Personal Union
1678:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1652:genetic marker
1643:
1640:
1635:Dutch Republic
1606:
1603:
1560:
1557:
1545:Maluku Islands
1484:Main article:
1481:
1478:
1426:
1423:
1392:Filipe Camarão
1361:
1358:
1347:Hendrick Lonck
1303:Main article:
1300:
1297:
1192:Main article:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1154:
1151:
1130:
1127:
1091:
1088:
1033:
1030:
967:Spanish Armada
929:port of Recife
883:
880:
808:Main article:
805:
802:
800:
797:
741:
740:
738:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
656:
655:
651:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
618:2nd Mozambique
615:
613:1st Mozambique
609:
608:
604:
603:
598:
596:2nd Guararapes
593:
591:1st Guararapes
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
522:
521:
515:
514:
509:
503:
502:
498:
495:
494:
483:
482:
475:
468:
460:
452:
451:
449:
448:
430:
410:
391:
379:
367:
355:
343:
323:
310:
308:
306:
305:
293:
284:João F. Vieira
274:
272:Filipe Camarão
262:
250:
238:
226:
224:Salvador de Sá
214:
202:
190:
178:
151:
148:
147:
143:
142:
141:
140:
132:Dutch Republic
120:
119:
118:
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
74:
72:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
45:
44:
37:
36:
30:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2652:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2605:
2595:
2593:
2583:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2466:
2465:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2352:
2351:
2343:
2336:
2331:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2120:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2085:
2078:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2019:
2017:9788534800341
2013:
2009:
2008:
2000:
1992:
1985:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1945:
1938:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1898:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1756:
1754:9788530806354
1750:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1611:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1396:Henrique Dias
1393:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1324:
1319:
1311:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1289:Caribbean Sea
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1216:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1153:Periodization
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1042:Guanabara Bay
1039:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
986:
984:
980:
976:
975:Fernão Cardim
972:
968:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
914:
910:
903:
898:
893:
889:
879:
875:
873:
869:
864:
862:
857:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
839:Spanish Crown
836:
832:
831:Iberian Union
828:
820:
816:
811:
796:
792:
790:
786:
782:
777:
775:
771:
763:
759:
755:
750:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
653:
652:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
606:
605:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
520:
517:
516:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
500:
499:
496:
491:
481:
476:
474:
469:
467:
462:
461:
458:
446:
441:
431:
429:
427:
421:
411:
407:
402:
392:
390:
380:
378:
377:Jan Lichthart
368:
366:
356:
354:
344:
342:
340:
334:
324:
322:
312:
311:
309:
304:
303:A. de Meneses
294:
290:
285:
275:
273:
263:
261:
260:Henrique Dias
251:
249:
239:
237:
236:F. de Meneses
227:
225:
215:
213:
203:
201:
191:
189:
179:
176:
168:
163:
153:
152:
150:
149:
144:
139:
136:
135:
134:
133:
121:
117:
114:
113:
112:
111:
99:
98:
93:
85:
82:
81:
77:
73:
70:
69:
65:
62:
61:
57:
51:
46:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2640:Dutch Brazil
2544:
2535:
2526:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2463:
2453:
2444:
2437:Bibliography
2399:
2395:
2385:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2349:
2342:
2330:
2319:. Retrieved
2315:
2305:
2294:. Retrieved
2292:. 2019-06-26
2289:
2266:. Retrieved
2262:
2252:
2241:. Retrieved
2239:. 2020-11-08
2236:
2213:. Retrieved
2209:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2153:. Retrieved
2149:
2140:
2131:
2107:. Retrieved
2105:. 2018-06-26
2083:
2077:
2066:. Retrieved
2062:
2053:
2044:
2006:
1999:
1990:
1984:
1973:. Retrieved
1969:
1943:
1937:
1926:. Retrieved
1922:
1896:
1868:. Retrieved
1865:Toda Matéria
1864:
1841:. Retrieved
1837:
1814:. Retrieved
1812:. 2015-07-26
1809:
1800:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:
1743:
1736:
1707:Dutch Brazil
1682:
1668:
1656:Y chromosome
1645:
1628:
1624:Minas Gerais
1616:
1605:Consequences
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1323:Mauritsstad
1112:São Vicente
1108:Ilha Grande
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725:1st Colombo
720:2nd Malacca
670:1st Malacca
556:Porto Calvo
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1728:References
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1543:) and the
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1084:Antarctica
1018:musketeers
950:, such as
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804:Background
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638:2nd Luanda
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365:Piet Hein
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110:Portugal
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2580:History
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2417:1234928
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1591:Paraíba
1581:(today
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1502:In the
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1147:Zeeland
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