269:, had begun in October 1986. The union represented 250 out of the hotel's 450 total employees. One of the main issues causing the dispute was an alleged management plan to terminate sixty union members from employment and replace them with non-union employees. In the week the fire took place, there had been three smaller fires at the hotel: one in a linen closet, one in a pile of cardboard boxes, and another in a roll of carpeting. Management had then added thirty more security guards. Tension between management and employees had become so great that desk clerks, taxi drivers, and local food stand employees were advising tourists to stay away from the hotel and its
326:
cigarettes out of the room) present throughout the casino. With more than 150 guests estimated to be in the casino when the fire started, most of the deaths occurred in that area. Several months before the fire, hotel management had had the emergency exit doors locked to prevent theft, and the only other way out was through a pair of inward-opening doors. Some people pressed against the doors to no avail. Others leaped from the second-story casino through plate-glass windows to the pool deck below; many were injured. Others died of
314:
29:
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guest rooms. The fire alarm system in the tower was not working, and many guests were not aware of the fire until they saw or smelled it, heard someone shouting "Fire", or heard firefighters responding. In 1987, there were four major fire codes across the United States with over 1,800 variations because of local codes and ordinances, so that a local code in one city would have significant fire protection requirements while that in another would have none.
541:
1652:
511:, a lead insurance underwriter supplying coverage for the blaze, ended up acquiring title to the shuttered hotel in June 1989, as part of the settlement of claims arising from the fire. In October 1992, AIG announced plans to completely renovate the hotel at a cost of $ 130 million and rebrand it as a Marriott. The hotel reopened on February 16, 1995, as the
386:
371:
The total number of deaths from the fire was at least 96, mostly by burns, and 140 people were injured; some sources give a death toll of 97 or 98. Most of the victims were burned beyond recognition and their belongings destroyed. in total, 84 bodies were found in the casino, five in the lobby, three
227:
hotel company until 1980, just before
Sheraton imposed significant fire-safety measures in its hotels throughout the world in 1981. Before national fire safety requirements were enacted in 1990, most hotels had implemented fire safety measures based on local regulations and ordinances, which in some
419:
The three men were convicted of murder and prosecutors requested Rivera López be sentenced to 25 years in prison and Jiménez Rivera to 24 years. The judge rejected the prosecutor's recommendation, sentencing
Escudero Aponte and Rivera López both to 99 years in prison and Jiménez Rivera to 75 years.
481:
The Dupont Plaza Hotel fire and other incidents of the era gave rise to several amendments to security policies in hotels around the world. One of the biggest problems at the time was the lack of standard fire safety requirements. The hotel included an unsprinklered 17-story tower that housed 423
353:
We got to the 8th floor, but then there were people blocked by smoke. We ran to another stairway, and got down to the eighth floor again before we ran into the smoke ... elicopters circled around us, but it looked like they were afraid to land. Finally, one hovered about two feet above the
305:
in a storage room filled with newly purchased furniture, adjacent to the ballroom on the ground floor of the hotel. While some of the labor organizers created a distraction by staging a fight just outside the doors to the ballroom, three men set the fuel alight. The fire ignited the furniture and
472:
After fifteen months of trial, the jury reached its verdict following one week of deliberations. Of the ten remaining defendants the jury found five not liable. In all, payments for the deaths and injuries totaled more than $ 210 million and court records show that the case involved more than
325:
After flashing over in the ballroom (which witnesses confused with an explosion), the hot gases swept up the grand staircase into the lobby of the hotel. From there, the fire was drawn through the open doors of the casino by the smoke-eaters (devices in the ceiling that sucked the smoke from
457:, assigned as trial judge for the claims, divided the trial into phases, for which representative plaintiffs were selected. The first phase, against the so-called DuPont family defendants, who included the corporation that owned the hotel and some forty
408:(ATF) to identify suspects and build cases against them. The union representing the employees denied that it or any of its members had been involved in starting the fire, and offered a $ 15,000 reward for information that would help the investigation.
300:
Three union members—Héctor
Escudero Aponte, José Rivera López, and Arnaldo Jiménez Rivera—planned to set several fires with the intention of scaring tourists who wanted to stay at the hotel. At around 3:30 pm, they placed opened cans of
464:
The second phase, against 107 defendants consisting of suppliers and other product liability parties, went to trial about 45 days later. After nine months of trial, the Court directed verdicts of no liability in favor of three defendants:
411:
In April 1987, union members HĂ©ctor
Escudero Aponte, 35; Armando Jiménez Rivera, 29; and José Francisco Rivera López, 40, pleaded guilty to setting the fire. Rivera López had urged the other two men to start the fire and gave the
206:
with the owners. The fire killed between 96 and 98 people and injured 140 others. It is the most catastrophic hotel fire in Puerto Rican history and the second deadliest hotel fire in U.S. territory in history, after the
362:
was dispatched at around 3:40 pm and thirteen firetrucks, 100 firefighters, and 35 ambulances responded. Firefighters extinguished the flames three hours later, although black smoke continued through the night.
1778:
235:
In June 1985, the Dupont Plaza was inspected by the local fire department and was found to have deficiencies in its safety systems, including malfunctioning equipment and lack of evacuation and emergency plans. The
443:
sent attorneys to represent fire victims. Ultimately, 2,300 plaintiffs filed 264 separate lawsuits against 230 defendants, seeking a total of $ 1.8 billion in damages. These were consolidated in the
461:, corporations, and individuals who the plaintiffs claimed controlled the hotel, went to trial on March 15, 1989. This phase was settled on May 11, 1989, for between $ 85 million and $ 100 million.
416:
can provided by Jiménez Rivera to
Escudero Aponte, who in turn placed and lit the Sterno can under furniture stored in the ballroom. Escudero Aponte had intended to start only a small fire.
232:
at
American hotels. In 1985, there had been 7,500 reported fires in hotels and motels across the U.S., with 85 deaths and $ 56 million in damages (equivalent to $ 132 million in 2023).
354:
roof. A co-pilot reached his hand out and pulled us to a step under the door. It looked like there was room in the back of the helicopter for two people. We squeezed five in.
444:
330:
on upper floors of the casino. Still others were killed as they rode the elevators to the lobby, only to discover their path blocked by the fire when the doors opened.
849:
1758:
1733:
1114:
1330:"The San Juan Marriott Resort & Stellaris Casino Receiving $ 35 million Renovation; 402 Guestrooms, Ballrooms and Casino Getting Total Makeover / April 2006"
1728:
400:(OSHA) revealed 25 safety violations, including a lack of emergency exit doors in the casino area leading to the deaths of 84 trapped guests. Agents from the
823:
469:, Barber Colman, Inc., and Quantum Chemical. A number of the other defendants had settled and trial resumed against 36 remaining defendants on May 14, 1990.
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405:
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97:
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stated that the law was one of the first times the U.S. government took "direct action to protect the public at large from the danger of fire". The
1703:
281:, stated that, according to preliminary reports, in the days before the fire "information was going around that something was going to happen".
1763:
646:
512:
195:
683:
1743:
1698:
397:
613:
489:, requiring all hotels and other public accommodations wanting to accommodate federal workers or hold federally funded activities to have
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Jiménez Rivera and Rivera López were released from federal prison in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Escudero Aponte was released in 2017.
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for the afternoon of
December 31, 1986. At the conclusion of the meeting, around 3:00 pm, the 125 members present voted to go on
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Those who were able to do so climbed to the hotel's roof, where an improvised helicopter rescue, including civilian, police,
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in all guest rooms and to have working sprinkler systems if the building had more than three stories. U.S. Representative
1514:
1176:
The
National Law Journal, October 15, 1990 as corrected on November 5, 1990; Merrill's Illinois Legal Times, July 1990.
349:, transported people to safety. Nancy Brensson, a survivor of the blaze, was one of those rescued by the helicopters:
1773:
498:
346:
1605:
297:
starting at midnight. At the time, the hotel was estimated to be at near-peak occupancy, with 900 to 1,000 guests.
1489:
202:, intentionally set a fire. The employees (Héctor Escudero, Armando Jiménez, and José Rivera) were involved in a
790:
745:
1748:
915:"Analysis Of Carboxyhemoglobin And Cyanide In Blood From Victims Of The Dupont Plaza Hotel Fire In Puerto Rico"
359:
1539:
1063:
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508:
90:
1708:
1620:
1337:
712:
278:
224:
1559:
334:
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1509:
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1100:
586:
1400:
1146:
The
Philadelphia Inquirer, May 12, 1989; In re Recticel Foam Corp., 859 F. 2d 100 (1st Cir. 1988).
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The Dupont Plaza Hotel opened in 1963 as the Puerto Rico-Sheraton and was operated by the
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On
September 25, 1990, three years after the disaster, the United States enacted the
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1484:
338:
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194:, December 31, 1986, three disgruntled employees at the Dupont Plaza Hotel (now
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502:
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440:
428:
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1656:
1300:"AIG to invest $ 130 million to rebuild Puerto Rico's burnt-out Dupont Hotel"
258:
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112:
99:
1208:
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in 1980 as the catalysts for the safety requirements being signed into law.
546:
302:
294:
1779:
Attacks on buildings and structures in insular areas of the United States
1270:"Summary of Law: The Hotel and Motel Fire Safety Act of 1990 (PL101-391)"
262:
261:
with hotel management; negotiations between the hotel and the employees'
83:
28:
713:"Dupont Plaza Fire Survivors Still Trying to Come to Terms With Tragedy"
1449:
1239:
622:
432:
342:
307:
540:
240:, which was not criticized in the fire department's report, was not
1115:"Convicto por fuego del Dupont Plaza habla a dĂas de su liberaciĂłn"
647:"Take This Fire Safety Savvy With You When You Check In At A Hotel"
290:
684:"Puerto Rico Inquiry Said To Focus On Several Union Hotel Workers"
306:
quickly burned out of control, growing to massive proportions and
212:
451:
referred to the consolidated lawsuit as a "litigatory monster".
413:
270:
1418:
372:
in an elevator, and two at a pool-side bar outside the hotel.
1404:
140:
1034:
Miles, Martha A.; Rand Herron, Caroline (January 18, 1987).
445:
United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico
392:
agents sifting through the rubble of the Dupont Plaza Hotel
244:, as it was in 95% of hotels across the U.S. at that time.
784:
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778:
776:
774:
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770:
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766:
401:
977:"3 Admit setting hotel fire that killed 97 in San Juan"
763:
651:
The New York Times News Service and the Chicago Tribune
1001:
999:
850:"Anatomy of a Disaster: The DuPont Plaza Hotel Fire"
522:
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brought an investigation truck, by air, to the scene
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811:
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567:, the deadliest hotel fire in United States history
406:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
501:has credited the Dupont Plaza fire along with the
1759:Mass murder in insular areas of the United States
1234:
1232:
1158:, Eastern Edition (New York, N.Y.), May 15, 1989.
404:'s San Juan field office worked closely with the
166:Héctor Escudero, Armando Jiménez, and José Rivera
16:1986 New Year's Eve fire in San Juan, Puerto Rico
1734:Terrorist incidents in the United States in 1986
1675:
1033:
872:
824:"Looking Back: The 1986 Dupont Plaza Hotel Fire"
808:
743:
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640:
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196:San Juan Marriott Resort & Stellaris Casino
1229:
1007:"Judge imposes 99-year terms in San Juan fire"
890:"A vacation in paradise turns into fiery hell"
1729:Mass murder in the United States in the 1980s
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1061:
677:
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671:
669:
667:
629:
398:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
380:
257:The employees of the hotel were engaged in a
1066:Jose Francisco Rivera-Lopez v. United States
828:National Fire Protection Association Journal
1769:Attacks on buildings and structures in 1986
1739:Labor-related violence in the United States
1167:The National Law Journal, October 15, 1990.
706:
704:
555:History of hotel fires in the United States
1441:
1427:
1272:. U.S. Fire Administration. Archived from
841:
664:
626:; Camilo Torres, RaĂşl (December 28, 2011).
587:"Dupont Plaza Hotel Fire Puerto Rico 1986"
289:The union called a meeting in the hotel's
27:
1714:December 1986 events in the United States
1663:List of hotel fires in the United States
821:
701:
584:
384:
312:
1596:Childers Palace Backpackers Hostel fire
847:
822:Robinson, Kathleen (November 1, 2012).
788:
487:Hotel and Motel Fire Safety Act of 1990
1704:Attacks on hotels in the United States
1676:
1327:
1293:
1291:
974:
887:
644:
449:Court of Appeals for the First Circuit
267:International Brotherhood of Teamsters
230:frequent fires and fire-related deaths
1764:20th century in San Juan, Puerto Rico
1575:Pension de Vogel homeless hostel fire
1422:
1385:"Hotel Fire Case, Dupont Plaza Hotel"
710:
513:San Juan Marriott Resort & Casino
1744:High-rise fires in the United States
1699:Attacks during New Year celebrations
1611:Kamień Pomorski homeless hostel fire
1238:
888:Tepfer, Daniel (December 30, 2011).
789:Hirsley, Michael (January 2, 1987).
746:"Suits Are Settled In San Juan Fire"
585:Thompson, Kristy D. (June 8, 2011).
184:Escudero, Rivera: 99 years in prison
1288:
681:
13:
1401:"Copy of Dupont Plaza Hotel Arson"
1297:
645:Grimes, Paul (February 15, 1987).
14:
1790:
1545:1980 Saskatoon Queen's Hotel fire
1356:
1250:. The New York Times News Service
1206:
1036:"Workers arrested in hotel arson"
975:Suarez, Manuel (April 25, 1987).
744:Associated Press (May 13, 1989).
682:May, Clifford (January 7, 1987).
499:United States Fire Administration
347:Roosevelt Roads Naval Air Station
1719:Hotel fires in the United States
1650:
848:Diamond, Mark (August 1, 1987).
539:
525:
218:
1689:1986 fires in the United States
1515:Hotel 't Silveren Seepaerd fire
1490:Knights of Columbus Hostel fire
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955:Federal Bureau of Investigation
943:
907:
273:. One week after the fire, the
1209:"The DuPont Tragedy Revisited"
604:
578:
1:
1606:Taj Mahal Palace Hotel attack
711:Mower, Joan (March 8, 1987).
571:
396:An investigation by the U.S.
366:
252:
228:localities were lax, despite
375:
7:
1684:1986 murders in Puerto Rico
1621:Resorts World Manila attack
1540:Hotel Corona de AragĂłn fire
1328:Rosner, Kara (April 2006).
1082:– via Openjurist.org.
518:
360:Puerto Rico Fire Department
284:
182:Jiménez: 75 years in prison
10:
1795:
1560:Beverly rooming house fire
423:U.S. law firms whose past
381:Investigation and lawsuits
335:Puerto Rico National Guard
1644:
1588:
1510:Paramount Hotel explosion
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1456:
616:February 4, 2012, at the
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136:
128:
89:
75:
67:
59:
41:
26:
1774:Terrorism in Puerto Rico
1565:Dupont Plaza Hotel arson
611:Un héroe 25 años después
22:Dupont Plaza Hotel arson
1308:The Journal of Commerce
1216:Casino Collectible News
1156:The Wall Street Journal
791:"Labor Hostility Cited"
275:governor of Puerto Rico
247:
1636:2023 Makkah hotel fire
1626:2017 Batumi hotel fire
1616:2014 Medina hotel fire
1095:Cite journal requires
1062:First Circuit (1993).
951:"FBI San Juan History"
467:Johnson Controls, Inc.
393:
356:
322:
279:Rafael Hernández Colón
47:; 37 years ago
45:December 31, 1986
1749:Murder in Puerto Rico
1570:Downunder Hostel fire
1535:1978 Holiday Inn fire
473:1,000,000 documents.
388:
351:
345:helicopters from the
316:
238:fire sprinkler system
200:San Juan, Puerto Rico
113:18.45611°N 66.07028°W
36:by Phyllis Gottschalk
1694:Arson in Puerto Rico
1505:Hotel Roosevelt fire
1334:www.hotel-online.com
495:Sherwood L. Boehlert
459:limited partnerships
429:MGM Grand Hotel fire
1724:Mass murder in 1986
1500:Winecoff Hotel fire
1340:on November 3, 2012
1197:NFPA Journal, 1999.
931:on February 6, 2017
565:Winecoff Hotel fire
437:Stouffer's Inn fire
427:cases included the
265:, Local 901 of the
209:Winecoff Hotel fire
118:18.45611; -66.07028
109: /
34:Dupont Plaza Rescue
23:
1709:Condado (Santurce)
1550:Central Hotel fire
1520:Worsley Hotel fire
1480:Arcadia Hotel fire
1464:Windsor Hotel fire
1242:(April 20, 1997).
1137:, January 6, 1987.
1041:The New York Times
1012:The New York Times
982:The New York Times
750:The New York Times
688:The New York Times
533:Puerto Rico portal
394:
323:
155:Non-fatal injuries
71:Hotel Dupont Plaza
21:
1671:
1670:
1657:Hotels portal
1631:Harbin hotel fire
1580:Switel Hotel fire
717:Los Angeles Times
455:Raymond L. Acosta
447:in San Juan. The
188:
187:
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1601:Manor Hotel fire
1530:Hotel Polen fire
1525:Savoy Hotel fire
1485:Kerns Hotel fire
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1336:. Archived from
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1276:on July 14, 2014
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1207:Davis, George.
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1188:, May 15, 1990.
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1410:December 30,
1408:. Retrieved
1391:December 30,
1389:. Retrieved
1375:December 30,
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1367:
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1338:the original
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833:December 30,
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594:. Retrieved
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547:1980s portal
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303:chafing fuel
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1450:Hotel fires
1304:www.joc.com
1240:Wade, Betsy
1120:October 15,
854:ABA Journal
171:Convictions
116: /
91:Coordinates
84:Puerto Rico
1678:Categories
1387:. Iklimnet
1344:January 1,
1313:January 1,
1047:January 9,
1019:January 1,
572:References
367:Casualties
253:Background
101:18°27′22″N
52:1986-12-31
623:El Vocero
433:Las Vegas
425:liability
376:Aftermath
343:U.S. Navy
242:automated
215:in 1946.
163:Convicted
104:66°4′13″W
63:3:30 p.m.
1074:(4): 982
614:Archived
519:See also
291:ballroom
285:Disaster
225:Sheraton
179:Sentence
80:San Juan
76:Location
213:Atlanta
50: (
1280:May 9,
1254:May 6,
899:May 7,
864:May 6,
800:May 6,
755:May 7,
722:May 7,
693:May 7,
656:May 6,
477:Legacy
435:and a
414:Sterno
341:, and
295:strike
271:casino
174:Murder
147:Deaths
1405:Prezi
1212:(PDF)
929:(PDF)
918:(PDF)
263:union
198:) in
150:96–98
141:Arson
137:Cause
68:Venue
1412:2017
1393:2017
1377:2017
1346:2018
1315:2018
1282:2014
1256:2014
1223:2021
1122:2022
1101:help
1080:2016
1049:2018
1021:2018
990:2017
962:2017
937:2017
901:2014
866:2014
835:2017
802:2014
757:2014
724:2014
695:2014
658:2014
598:2017
591:Nist
358:The
317:The
248:Fire
132:Fire
129:Type
60:Time
42:Date
1072:F3d
620:on
509:AIG
439:in
431:in
402:FBI
390:ATF
319:ATF
211:in
190:On
158:140
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